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| 5. |
- Bourguignon, J., et al.
(author)
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Chiral ditopic receptors. Application to palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation
- 2003
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In: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 59:48, s. 9583-9589
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chiral pyridinooxazoline, quinolinooxazoline, bis(oxazolino)pyridine (pybox), and bisoxazoline (box) derivatives containing crown ether residues were prepared. Some of the ligands were assessed in substrate binding studies and in palladium catalyzed allylic alkylations.
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| 6. |
- Brugnara, Y., et al.
(author)
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A collection of sub-daily pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period with a focus on the "year without a summer" 1816
- 2015
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In: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 11:8, s. 1027-1047
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The eruption of Mount Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815 is the largest documented volcanic eruption in history. It is associated with a large global cooling during the following year, felt particularly in parts of Europe and North America, where the year 1816 became known as the "year without a summer". This paper describes an effort made to collect surface meteorological observations from the early instrumental period, with a focus on the years of and immediately following the eruption (1815–1817). Although the collection aimed in particular at pressure observations, correspondent temperature observations were also recovered. Some of the series had already been described in the literature, but a large part of the data, recently digitised from original weather diaries and contemporary magazines and newspapers, is presented here for the first time. The collection puts together more than 50 sub-daily series from land observatories in Europe and North America and from ships in the tropics. The pressure observations have been corrected for temperature and gravity and reduced to mean sea level. Moreover, an additional statistical correction was applied to take into account common error sources in mercury barometers. To assess the reliability of the corrected data set, the variance in the pressure observations is compared with modern climatologies, and single observations are used for synoptic analyses of three case studies in Europe. All raw observations will be made available to the scientific community in the International Surface Pressure Databank.
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| 15. |
- Anderbro, Therese, et al.
(author)
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A longitudinal study of fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimThe aim of this study was to investigate fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) longitudinally in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Specifically, we investigated two subgroups of patients who over four years either showed a significantly higher or significantly lower level of FoH in order to identify factors associated with changes in FoH.MethodThe Swedish version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) along with a questionnaire to assess hypoglycemia history (mild, moderate, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia (SH), unawareness, and daytime/nocturnal self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)) were sent by mail to 764 patients in 2010. The responders in 2010 (n=469) received another set of the same two questionnaires in 2014. A1c, insulin regimen, weight and creatinine from 2010 and 2014 were obtained from medical records. Those with an absolute difference in HFS scores ≥ 75th percentile were included in the subgroup analyses. Statistical analyses included one-sample t-tests and chi-square.ResultsThe absolute difference in the HFS total score (n=359) between 2010 and 2014 was m=±7.6, SD ±6 (range -29 - +35). In the subgroup with increased FoH 2014 (n=45), more patients reported unawareness (76% vs 58%, Χ2= 5.05, p= 0.025) and a higher frequency of moderate hypoglycemia (52% v s 38%, Χ2= 3.93, p= 0.047) compared to 2010. In the group with decreased FoH (n=43), fewer patients reported going to the emergency department due to hypoglycemia in 2014 compared to 2010 (2% vs 14%, Χ2= 4.84, p= 0.028). There were no differences in the remaining hypoglycemia history variables or medical variables between 2010 and 2014. Between group analyzes show that in the decreased FoH group more patients have a high frequency of daily SMBG compared to the increased FoH group in 2010 (35% vs 17%, Χ2= 12.23, p= 0.00) and in 2014 (33% vs 13%, Χ2= 13.75, p= 0.00). In the increased FoH group more patients report a high level of mild (67% vs 49%,Χ2= 6.4, p= 0.011) and moderate (52% vs 23%,Χ2= 14.00, p= 0.00) hypoglycemic episodes as well as unawareness (76% vs 54%,Χ2= 11.37, p= 0.001) in 2014 compared with the decreased FoH group.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of FoH in patients with type 1 diabetes. Our study shows that FoH is stable across time for most patients although a number of patients show increased or decreased levels of FoH. The patients whose level of FoH increased experienced a higher frequency of moderate hypoglycemic episodes and more hypoglycemic unawareness in 2014.
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| 16. |
- Apró, William, et al.
(author)
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Resistance exercise induced S6K1 kinase activity is not inhibited in human skeletal muscle despite prior activation of AMPK by high intensity interval cycling.
- 2015
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 308:6, s. E470-E481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Combining endurance and strength training in the same session has been reported to reduce the anabolic response to the latter form of exercise. The underlying mechanism, based primarily on results from rodent muscle, is proposed to involve AMPK-dependent inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. This hypothesis was tested in eight trained male subjects who in a randomized order performed either resistance exercise only (R) or interval cycling followed by resistance exercise (ER). Biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after endurance exercise and repeatedly after resistance exercise were assessed for glycogen content, kinase activity, protein phosphorylation and gene expression. Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate was measured at rest and during 3h of recovery using the stable isotope technique. In ER, AMPK activity was elevated immediately after both endurance and resistance exercise (~90%, P<0.05) but was unchanged in R. Thr389 phosphorylation of S6K1 was increased several-fold immediately after exercise (P<0.05) in both trials and increased further throughout recovery. After 90 and 180 min recovery, S6K1 activity was elevated (~55% and ~110%, respectively, P<0.05) and eEF2 phosphorylation was reduced (~55%, P<0.05) with no difference between trials. In contrast, markers for protein catabolism were differently influenced by the two modes of exercise; ER induced a significant increase in gene and protein expression of MuRF1 (P<0.05), which was not observed following R exercise only. In conclusion, cycling-induced elevation in AMPK activity does not inhibit mTORC1 signaling after subsequent resistance exercise, but may instead interfere with the hypertrophic response by influencing key components in protein breakdown.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Byström, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Eosinophil cationic protein is stored in, but not produced by, peripheral blood neutrophils
- 2002
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In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 32:7, s. 1082-1091
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an eosinophil-derived protein, which has been shown to be present in circulating neutrophils. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether ECP is produced or internalized by peripheral blood neutrophils. METHODS: This was done using microscopy, flow cytometry, fractionation of cells and RT-PCR techniques. RESULTS: No ECP mRNA was detected after extensive cell purification to eliminate all traces of contaminating eosinophils. Examination of immunostained neutrophils by light, confocal, electron microscopy together with cell fraction experiments, established that ECP is present intracellularly and is mostly associated to cell granules. Uptake studies by flow cytometry and by using both cold and radiolabelled ECP showed that it is internalized by neutrophils and stored in some proportion in their primary granules. Upon stimulation with serum-treated Sephadex particles, the internalized ECP was partially released from cells. CONCLUSION: ECP is not produced but can be internalized by circulating neutrophils, which take it from the environment and partially store it in their primary granules.
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| 19. |
- Daly, D., et al.
(author)
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How much synthetic oxytocin is infused during labour? A review and analysis of regimens used in 12 countries
- 2020
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To compare synthetic oxytocin infusion regimens used during labour, calculate the International Units (IU) escalation rate and total amount of IU infused over eight hours. Design Observational study Setting Twelve countries, eleven European and South Africa. Sample National, regional or institutional-level regimens on oxytocin for induction and augmentation labour Methods Data on oxytocin IU dose, infusion fluid amount, start dose, escalation rate and maximum dose were collected. Values for each regimen were converted to IU in 1000ml diluent. One IU corresponded to 1.67 mu g for doses provided in grams/micrograms. IU hourly dose increase rates were based on escalation frequency. Cumulative doses and total IU amount infused were calculated by adding the dose administered for each previous hour. Main Outcome Measures Oxytocin IU dose infused Results Data were obtained on 21 regimens used in 12 countries. Details on the start dose, escalation interval, escalation rate and maximum dose infused were available from 16 regimens. Starting rates varied from 0.06 IU/hour to 0.90 IU/hour, and the maximum dose rate varied from 0.90 IU/hour to 3.60 IU/hour. The total amount of IU oxytocin infused, estimated over eight hours, ranged from 2.38 IU to 27.00 IU, a variation of 24.62 IU and an 11-fold difference. Conclusion Current variations in oxytocin regimens for induction and augmentation of labour are inexplicable. It is crucial that the appropriate minimum infusion regimen is administered because synthetic oxytocin is a potentially harmful medication with serious consequences for women and babies when inappropriately used. Estimating the total amount of oxytocin IU received by labouring women, alongside the institution's mode of birth and neonatal outcomes, may deepen our understanding and be the way forward to identifying the optimal infusion regimen.
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| 20. |
- Diaz-Cabiale, Z., et al.
(author)
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Long-term modulation by postnatal oxytocin of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist binding sites in central autonomic regions and the role of prenatal stress
- 2004
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In: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 16:3, s. 183-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this work was to evaluate whether oxytocin administered in male rats subcutaneously early in life in the absence or presence of food restriction during pregnancy has life-long effects on the α2-agonist binding sites in the nucleus of the solitarii tract (NTS), in the hypothalamus and the amygdala, as evaluated by quantitative receptor autoradiography. Maternal food restriction alone increased the affinity of the α2-agonist [3H]UK14.304 binding sites exclusively in the NTS. In offspring from ad libitum fed dams, oxytocin treatment significantly increased the density of α2-agonist binding sites in the NTS and in the hypothalamus. The Kd value of the α2-agonist binding sites in the hypothalamus of these rats, but not in the other regions studied, was also significantly increased. In offspring from food-restricted dams, oxytocin treatment produced a significant increase of the Bmax values in the hypothalamus and the amygdala and the Kd value of the α2-agonist binding sites in the NTS of these rats also was selectively and significantly increased. These results suggest that a postnatal, oxytocin-induced increase of regional α2-adrenoceptor function can be seen in adulthood by a persistent, regionally selective increase in the density of central α2-adrenoceptor agonist binding sites, in the absence of an affinity change in the NTS. Such a regional increase of α2-adrenoceptor signalling in adulthood may contribute to the anti-stress action of postnatal oxytocin. By contrast, after prenatal stress, the potential increase in α2-adrenoceptor signalling takes place via selective increases of density with no changes of affinity of the α2-agonist binding sites in the hypothalamus and the amygdala.
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| 21. |
- Forcato, M., et al.
(author)
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Chiral, enantiopure aluminum(III) and titanium(IV) azatranes
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; :5, s. 1032-1040
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Al-III and Ti-IV complexes of C-3-symmetric tetradentate trisamidoamme ligands with trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry, containing chlorine or dialkylamido groups, or with a free coordination site in the apical position, have been synthesised by salt metathesis and amine elimination. Products with threefold symmetry were generally obtained for tetravalent titanium, whereas for the aluminium complexes either asymmetric structures with two of the three podand arms taking part in coordination to the metal or symmetric arrangements possessing the full threefold symmetry were formed depending on the steric properties of the ligands.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gadelshin, V. M., et al.
(author)
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First laser ions at the CERN-MEDICIS facility
- 2020
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In: Hyperfine Interactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 241:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The CERN-MEDICIS facility aims to produce emerging medical radionuclides for the theranostics approach in nuclear medicine with mass separation of ion beams. To enhance the radioisotope yield and purity of collected samples, the resonance ionization laser ion source MELISSA was constructed, and provided the first laser ions at the facility in 2019. Several operational tests were accomplished to investigate its performance in preparation for the upcoming production of terbium radioisotopes, which are of particular interest for medical applications. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 24. |
- Grutters, Michiel M. P., et al.
(author)
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Highly Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrovinylation of Styrene
- 2009
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In: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. - : Wiley. - 1615-4150 .- 1615-4169. ; 351:13, s. 2199-2208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phosphine complexes of cobalt halide salts activated by diethylaluminum chloride are shown to yield highly active catalysts in the hydrovinylation of styrene, with unprecedented high selectivity to the desired product 3-phenyl-1-butene (3P1B). Double-bond isomerization, a common problem in codimerization reactions, only occurs after full conversion with these catalyst systems, even at elevated temperature. The most active catalysts are based on cobalt halide species combined with either C-1- or C-2-bridged diphosphines, heterodonor P,N or P,O ligands, flexible bidentate phosphine ligands or monodentate phosphine ligands. Kinetic investigations show an order > 1 in catalyst, which indicates either the involvement of dinuclear species in the catalytic cycle or partial catalyst decomposition via a bimolecular pathway.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Holm, Lars, et al.
(author)
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An exploration of the methods to determine the protein-specific synthesis and breakdown rates in vivo in humans.
- 2019
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In: Physiological Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2051-817X. ; 7:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study explores the methods to determine human in vivo protein-specific myofibrillar and collagenous connective tissue protein fractional synthesis and breakdown rates. We found that in human myofibrillar proteins, the protein-bound tracer disappearance method to determine the protein fractional breakdown rate (FBR) (via 2 H2 O ingestion, endogenous labeling of 2 H-alanine that is incorporated into proteins, and FBR quantified by its disappearance from these proteins) has a comparable intrasubject reproducibility (range: 0.09-53.5%) as the established direct-essential amino acid, here L-ring-13 C6 -phenylalanine, incorporation method to determine the muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) (range: 2.8-56.2%). Further, the determination of the protein breakdown in a protein structure with complex post-translational processing and maturation, exemplified by human tendon tissue, was not achieved in this experimentation, but more investigation is encouraged to reveal the possibility. Finally, we found that muscle protein FBR measured with an essential amino acid tracer prelabeling is inappropriate presumably because of significant and prolonged intracellular recycling, which also may become a significant limitation for determination of the myofibrillar FSR when repeated infusion trials are completed in the same participants.
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| 27. |
- Hortala, L., et al.
(author)
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Acyl transfer of 8-acetoxy-2-oxazolinylquinoline assisted by hydrogen bonding formation
- 2002
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In: Tetrahedron Letters. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 43:6, s. 1027-1029
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A significant acceleration of acyl transfer has been achieved on 8-acetoxy-2-oxazolinylquinoline in the presence of benzylamine. Comparison of the aminolysis by the new acylating reagent with that of 8-acetoxyquinoline and 8-acetoxyquinoline-2-carbonitrile has been carried out. The results of these experiments suggest that the proximity of a supplementary basic atom to the ester group increases the participation effect of the basic site mainly by formation of a possible second hydrogen bond. The association constant of benzylamine into the basic cavity of 8-methoxy-2-oxazolinylquinoline (K-d = 80 M-1) has been measured by H-1 NMR titration experiments.
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| 31. |
- Jonasson, AF, et al.
(author)
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Topical oxytocin reverses vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized pilot study
- 2011
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In: Menopause international. - : SAGE Publications. - 1754-0461 .- 1754-0453. ; 17:4, s. 120-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and it is best known for its role in labour and lactation. This double-blind, randomized study was performed at Huddinge Hospital of Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm in order to test the effectiveness of topical oxytocin gel in women with postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. Methods Twenty postmenopausal women (at least two years after menopause) with symptoms of vaginal atrophy such as vaginal dryness, pain, itching, discomfort and bleeding during intercourse were enrolled in the study when visual inspection of the vagina had confirmed that their mucosa was atrophic. The participants were randomized to intravaginal treatment with either oxytocin or placebo gel for seven days. Before and after treatment, a gynaecological examination and a visual and colposcopic inspection of the vagina were performed, biopsies from the vaginal mucosa were taken and blood samples were collected for analysis of circulating levels of estradiol and oxytocin. Results Prior to treatment, visual and colposcopic inspection showed that all of the 20 participants had an atrophic vaginal mucosa. After treatment with the oxytocin gel, the examination showed that the vaginal epithelium of seven of the 10 participants in the oxytocin group had become healthier and normalized. No change in these parameters was observed among the 10 participants in the placebo group. This difference between the oxytocin and placebo groups was significant ( P= 0.003). Seven participants in the active group and four in the placebo group reported relief of symptoms of vaginal atrophy after seven days of applying the gel. The effect of oxytocin to normalize the morphological appearance of the vaginal mucosa was almost significant when compared with the placebo group ( P= 0.07). There was no significant difference between the circulating levels of estradiol and oxytocin in both the oxytocin and placebo groups before and after treatment. None of the participants reported any side-effects. Conclusion Topical treatment with oxytocin appears to improve vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. A limitation of this pilot study is that it was based on a small study population hence the results should be regarded with caution. Larger studies are in progress to establish the possibility of using oxytocin as a clinical treatment for vaginal atrophy.
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| 32. |
- Juckes, Martin N., et al.
(author)
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Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation
- 2007
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In: Climate of the Past. - 1814-9324. ; 3, s. 591-609
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There has been considerable recent interest in paleoclimate reconstructions of the temperature history of the last millennium. A wide variety of techniques have been used. The interrelation among the techniques is sometimes unclear, as different studies often use distinct data sources as well as distinct methodologies. Here recent work is reviewed and some new calculations performed with an aim to clarifying the consequences of the different approaches used. A range of proxy data collections introduced by different authors is used to estimate Northern Hemispheric annual mean temperatures with two reconstruction algorithms: (1) inverse regression and, (2) compositing followed by variance matching (CVM). It is found that inverse regression tends to give large weighting to a small number of proxies and that the second approach (CVM) is more robust to varying proxy input. The choice of proxy records is one reason why different reconstructions show different ranges. A reconstruction using 13 proxy records extending back to AD 1000 shows a maximum pre-industrial temperature of 0.25 K (relative to the 1866 to 1970 mean). The standard error on this estimate, based on the residual in the calibration period, is 0.14 K. Instrumental temperatures for two recent years (1998 and 2005) have exceeded the pre-industrial estimated maximum by more than 4 standard deviations of the calibration period residual.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kazior, Zuzanna, et al.
(author)
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Endurance Exercise Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Size and Protein Expression of Akt and mTOR.
- 2016
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reports concerning the effect of endurance exercise on the anabolic response to strength training have been contradictory. This study re-investigated this issue, focusing on training effects on indicators of protein synthesis and degradation. Two groups of male subjects performed 7 weeks of resistance exercise alone (R; n = 7) or in combination with preceding endurance exercise, including both continuous and interval cycling (ER; n = 9). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the training period. Similar increases in leg-press 1 repetition maximum (30%; P<0.05) were observed in both groups, whereas maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (8%; P<0.05) only in the ER group. The ER training enlarged the areas of both type I and type II fibers, whereas the R protocol increased only the type II fibers. The mean fiber area increased by 28% (P<0.05) in the ER group, whereas no significant increase was observed in the R group. Moreover, expression of Akt and mTOR protein was enhanced in the ER group, whereas only the level of mTOR was elevated following R training. Training-induced alterations in the levels of both Akt and mTOR protein were correlated to changes in type I fiber area (r = 0.55-0.61, P<0.05), as well as mean fiber area (r = 0.55-0.61, P<0.05), reflecting the important role played by these proteins in connection with muscle hypertrophy. Both training regimes reduced the level of MAFbx protein (P<0.05) and tended to elevate that of MuRF-1. The present findings indicate that the larger hypertrophy observed in the ER group is due more to pronounced stimulation of anabolic rather than inhibition of catabolic processes.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lake, F., et al.
(author)
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C-3-symmetric azaphosphatranes
- 2000
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In: Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. - : Institute of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry. - 0010-0765 .- 1212-6950. ; 65:4, s. 570-576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- C-3-Symmetric azaphosphatranes, (3S, 7S,10S)-2,3,7,8,9,10-hexamethyl-2,8,9-triaza-5-azonial-lambda(5)-phosphabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane chloride and (3S,7S,10S)-3,7,10-triisopropyl-2,8,9-trimethyl -2,8,9-triaza-5-azonia-1-lambda(5)-phosphabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane chloride, have been prepared starting from the corresponding chiral tripodal tetraamines and chlorobis-(diethylamino)phosphane. The compounds are weak acids which are not fully deprotonated by potassium tert-butoxide. Density functional calculations of the compounds and their conjugate bases demonstrate that the weak acidity originates in a conformational change upon deprotonation leading to substantial steric repulsion.
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| 39. |
- Moberg, K, et al.
(author)
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Two models for radiological reviewing of interval cancers
- 1999
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In: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 6:1, s. 35-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To compare two different review methods of examining how many of our interval cancers could be regarded as missed cases (overlooked and misinterpreted owing to observer's error). Setting A mass screening programme in Stockholm 1989–91, performed at five independent screening units. 107 846 women attended for screening (70.6% of those invited), and 207 women with interval breast cancers were identified. Interval cancers from two of the units, 104 cases, are reviewed in this study. Methods Screening examinations preceding the interval cancer diagnoses were reviewed both mixed with other screening images in a ratio 1:8 and non-mixed. Both internal reviewers (from the two units responsible for the screening mammograms) and external reviewers (from the other units) took part in the study. Results The proportion regarded as missed cases varied between 7% and 34%, depending on what review method was used, and on the number of reviewers included to identify a case as missed. Mixed reviewing reduced the number identified as missed cases by 50% compared with non-mixed reviewing. Whether the reviewer was internal or external made no difference to the results. Conclusions Comparing the rate of missed cases from different studies may be misleading unless the same review method is used. No difference in detection rate could be shown whether the radiologist reviewed images from his/her own screening unit or not. Most of our interval cancers were not regarded as missed cases by either of the two methods.
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| 44. |
- Moberg, L., et al.
(author)
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Increased blood cadmium levels were not associated with increased fracture risk but with increased total mortality in women: the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2017
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In: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:8, s. 2401-2408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate if high levels of blood cadmium at baseline were associated with increased fracture risk during follow-up in middle-aged women. No increased fracture risk was observed during follow-up, but women with higher levels of cadmium had an increased overall mortality. Introduction Exposure to high levels of cadmium has been associated with an increased fracture risk. The aim was to investigate a perceived association between low levels of blood cadmium (B-Cd) at baseline and risk of first incident fracture. Methods From the population-based Malm Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular cohort, 2920 middle-aged women with available background questionnaire and B-Cd measurements were included. Women were divided into quartiles (Q) according to their cadmium levels (Cd-Q1 < 0.18 mu g/L, Cd-Q2 0.180.28 mu g/L, Cd-Q3 0.28-0.51 ae g/ L, and Cd-Q4 > 0.51 mu g/L). National registries were analysed for prospective risk of fractures or death. Associations between B-Cd and fracture risk were assessed by survival analysis (Cox regression analysis). Results In total, 998 first incident fractures occurred in women during a follow-up lasting 20.2 years (median) (12.5-21.2 years) (25th-75th percentile). Women in Cd-Q4 were more often current smokers than in Cd-Q1 78.4 vs. 3.3% (p < 0.001) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day correlated with B-Cd (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). The risk of fracture was not associated with baseline B-Cd in adjusted models. The hazard ratio (HR) Cd-Q4 vs. Cd-Q1 was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.27). In the multivariate Cox regression, independent variables for increased fracture risk were history of gastric ulcer and increasing age, whereas increasing body mass index (BMI) lowered fracture risk. Overall mortality was significantly higher for women with high B-Cd, HR 2.06 (95% CI 1.57-2.69). Conclusions Higher blood levels of cadmium did not increase fracture risk in middle-aged women but reduced overall survival.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Moberg, L, et al.
(author)
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Production of tissue factor by pancreatic islet cells as a trigger of detrimental thrombotic reactions in clinical islet transplantation
- 2002
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In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 360:9350, s. 2039-2045
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Intraportal transplantation of pancreatic islets offers improved glycaemic control and insulin independence in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but intraportal thrombosis remains a possible complication. The thrombotic reaction may explain why graft loss occurs and islets from more than one donor are needed, since contact between human islets and ABO-compatible blood in vitro triggers a thrombotic reaction that damages the islets. We investigated the possible mechanism and treatment of such thrombotic reactions. Methods Coagulation activation and islet damage were monitored in four patients undergoing clinical islet transplantation according to a modified Edmonton protocol. Expression of tissue factor (TF) in the islet preparations was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, electron microscopy, and RT-PCR. To assess TF activity in purified islets, human islets were mixed with non-anticoagulated ABO-compatible blood in tubing loops coated with heparin. Findings Coagulation activation and subsequent release of insulin were found consistently after clinical islet transplantation, even in the absence of signs of intraportal thrombosis. The endocrine, but not the exocrine, cells of the pancreas were found to synthesise and secrete active TF. The clotting reaction triggered by pancreatic islets in vitro could be abrogated by blocking the active site of TF with specific antibodies or site-inactivated factor Vlla, a candidate drug for inhibition of TF activity in vivo. Interpretation Blockade of TF represents a new therapeutic approach that might increase the success of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes, in terms of both the risk of intraportal thrombosis and the need for islets from more than one donor.
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| 48. |
- Moberg, Marcus, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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High-intensity leg cycling alters the molecular response to resistance exercise in the arm muscles.
- 2021
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined acute molecular responses to concurrent exercise involving different muscles. Eight men participated in a randomized crossover-trial with two sessions, one where they performed interval cycling followed by upper body resistance exercise (ER-Arm), and one with upper body resistance exercise only (R-Arm). Biopsies were taken from the triceps prior to and immediately, 90- and 180-min following exercise. Immediately after resistance exercise, the elevation in S6K1 activity was smaller and the 4E-BP1:eIF4E interaction greater in ER-Arm, but this acute attenuation disappeared during recovery. The protein synthetic rate in triceps was greater following exercise than at rest, with no difference between trials. The level of PGC-1α1 mRNA increased to greater extent in ER-Arm than R-Arm after 90 min of recovery, as was PGC-1α4 mRNA after both 90 and 180 min. Levels of MuRF-1 mRNA was unchanged in R-Arm, but elevated during recovery in ER-Arm, whereas MAFbx mRNA levels increased slightly in both trials. RNA sequencing in a subgroup of subjects revealed 862 differently expressed genes with ER-Arm versus R-Arm during recovery. These findings suggest that leg cycling prior to arm resistance exercise causes systemic changes that potentiate induction of specific genes in the triceps, without compromising the anabolic response.
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- Ojehagen, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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A 6‐Year Follow‐Up of Alcoholics After Long‐Term Outpatient Treatment
- 1994
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In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 18:3, s. 720-725
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The predictors of the long‐term outcome in alcoholics (n= 50) who had been treated in a 2‐year outpatient treatment program were investigated. Previously, the sample had been followed up personally 2 years after the termination of treatment. This study is a repeated, independent follow‐up of the same sample over a 4‐year period, 3–6 years after termination of treatment. Outcome could be categorized in 38 subjects. Patients with a favorable outcome during at least 2 years of the 4‐year follow‐up period (n= 21), who were categorized as a positive outcome group, were compared with the other patients (n= 17). There was no significant correlation between initial patient characteristics and outcome 3–6 years after treatment. Drinking outcome during the 1st half‐year of treatment had no correlation to positive drinking outcome in years 3–6, whereas there was a positive correlation for later phases of treatment and outcome reaching a significant level during the 2nd and 4th half‐year of treatment. A favorable drinking outcome during years 1–2 after treatment had a positive significant correlation to outcome in years 3–6 after treatment [i.e., 80% of the patients with a favorable outcome during the 1st follow‐up period also had a positive outcome during the 2nd follow‐up period, and 72% of those who had an unfavorable outcome during the 1st follow‐up period had an unfavorable outcome also during the 2nd follow‐up period (x2 test = 10.4, p < 0.001). Psycho‐social adjustment at the 6‐year follow‐up did not differ significantly between subjects in the positive outcome group and subjects in the negative outcome group.
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