| 1. |
- Emami, Azita, et al.
(author)
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Developing a questionnaire for conducting cross-national studies : 'Self-reported health and needs among elderly Iranians and Swedes'
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:2, s. 372-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: This paper describes the process of developing and validating a questionnaire to investigate self-reported health and care needs of elders in Iran and Sweden.BACKGROUND: Both developing and developed countries face dilemmas under the current condition of increasing mental and physical health morbidity globally. In order to fully assess and understand the extent of these dilemmas and the global and local factors that alleviate or worsen them, a comparison of the self-reported health and care needs in a developed and a developing country is required. To these ends, two research teams within a joint international project worked together to construct a questionnaire to measure self-reported health in elders in Sweden and Iran.METHODS: The questionnaire was developed according to a multiphase process, during which the researchers tested the validity and reliability of the questionnaire using various methods and modified it based on the test results. First, the concepts to be used were agreed upon and a literature review was conducted. Thereafter, face and content validity was measured in Iran, looking at the initial items that were developed. The questionnaire was then translated and back-translated. Finally, both teams conducted a test of content validity using target groups in Iran and Sweden, respectively.RESULTS: Validity was established by testing face and content validity with the use of expert groups. Reliability was also determined according to two different dimensions, stability and internal consistency. Both methods gave satisfactory results, indicating that the instrument was reliable.CONCLUSION: The questionnaire was thereby developed and titled, 'Self-reported health and health-care needs'. The results confirm validity and reliability of the final version of the questionnaire.
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| 2. |
- Ewertzon, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Adaptation and evaluation of the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire for use in the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
- 2018
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 74:8, s. 1839-1850
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimTo adapt the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire (FIAQ) for use in the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care and to evaluate its validity and reliability. BackgroundInvolvement in the professional care has proven to be important for family members. However, they have described feelings of alienation in relation to how they experienced the professionals' approach. To explore this issue, a broad instrument that can be used in different care contexts is needed. DesignA psychometric evaluation study, with a cross-sectional design. MethodThe content validity of the FIAQ was evaluated during 2014 by cognitive interviews with 15 family members to adults in different care contexts. Psychometric evaluation was then conducted (2015-2016). A sample of 325 family members participated, 103 of whom in a test-retest evaluation. Both parametric and non-parametric methods were used. ResultsThe content validity revealed that the questionnaire was generally understood and considered to be relevant and retrievable by family members in the contexts of the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. Furthermore, the FIAQ (Revised), demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of data quality, homogeneity, unidimensionality (factor structure), internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ConclusionThe study provides evidence that the FIAQ (Revised) is reliable and valid for use in further research and in quality assessment in the contexts of the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care.
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| 3. |
- Jirwe, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Kulturell mångfald
- 2014. - 2
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In: Omvårdnadens grunder. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083537 ; , s. 341-360
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Momeni, Pardis
(author)
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A comparison of self-rated health among Iranians in Teheran, Iranian immigrants and Swedes in Stockholm : a cross-sectional study on self-rated health, mental health and sleep quality among three urban populations, aged 60–75 years
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most widely used single measures of perceived current health status. It is used across disciplines to explore and explain people’s perceived health. SRH reflects an interaction between five broad health dimensions: physical and functional health, psychological resources and health, attitudes and expectations regarding health and aging, social support, and demographics. This thesis explores the SRH of three growing populations aged 60 to 75 years old: Iranians in Tehran and Iranian immigrants and Swedes in Stockholm. The health of this particular population is currently on the agenda for policy and decision makers, who aim to proving care that is appropriate and fits the needs of the elderly. A goal of this thesis is to also add to the body of knowledge regarding this age group, such that healthcare personal and policy makers stand on firmer ground when making decisions. Aim: To describe the process of developing and testing the validity and reliability of the study specific questionnaire “Self-reported health and health-care needs among elderly” (Sub-study I). To establish factors that influence SRH in the above mentioned groups in order to better understand health outcomes (Sub-study II). To investigate and compare self-reported factors of mental health and depressive symptoms (Sub-study III). To investigate variables that could explain sleep quality (Sub-study IV). Method: A quantitative approach was adopted, using a study specific questionnaire created for the intention of exploring aspects of SRH in the above mentioned populations. The first version of the questionnaire was constructed in Farsi, and then translated by bilingual researchers from Farsi into Swedish. An independent professional translator back-translated the questionnaire to Farsi in order to compare the congruency between the Swedish and Farsi versions. The data collection started at the same time in both countries, and finalized during 2005. The total number of respondents in the entire sample was 1088; 515 (49 %) men and 542 (51 %) women ranging from 60 to 75 years (mean age = 67). The three groups did not differ significantly with regard to age or gender. Results: In sub-study I, the development phases of the questionnaire is described which confirmed the validity and reliability of the final version of the questionnaire. In sub-study II the results demonstrated that women generally reported lower SRH than men. Both Iranian groups reported having lower SRH compared to the Swedish group. The two Iranian groups had three common factors influencing SRH; education, satisfaction with ones social life and sleep quality. Other factors important to SRH among Iranians in Iran included nocturia (night time urination), weight loss, feeling weak, and income satisfaction. The Swedes was the only group where depression and satisfaction with leisure activities were found to be important. In sub-study III, with regards to gender aspects the Iranians in Iran revealed differences in almost every item concerning mental health whereas the Swedes and Iranian immigrants exhibited differences in only three of the ten items. Women reported more depressive symptoms in almost all cases. SRH, smoking, satisfaction of social life and sense of connection to ones cultural roots and traditions were statistically significant factors related to mental health. Demographic variables that were found to be significant were group belonging (Swedes vs. Iranians), sex and satisfaction with income. In sub-study IV, aspects of self-reported sleep quality were explored showing that both Iranian samples reported sleep problems to a greater extent than the Swedish sample. Sex was found to be a significant factor only in the Swedish group. Nocturia was found to be important among all three groups. Other factors important for sleep quality in the Swedish group was SRH, how one views the future and being happy and in a good mood. Education, marital status, depression and appetite were only found to be significant in the Iranians in Iran. Conclusion: In general women report lower scores than men with regard to SRH and thereto related dimensions , e.g., sleep quality and mental health. The different sub-studies also concludes that more attention should be given to the impact of SRH and related aspects such as sleep quality, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors calling for more attention by healthcare workers in both countries so that good quality. The findings also indicate that the Iranian populations living in both Tehran and Stockholm report poorer SRH, mental health and sleep quality to an extent that raises concern. Although researchers have repeatedly acknowledged the importance of SRH, being the strongest predictor of future morbidity and mortality, this recognition and awareness has yet not gained the full attention it deserves from policy makers and healthcare workers in both countries.
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| 5. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(author)
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A survey study of family members' encounters with healthcare services within the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 36:4, s. 1228-1240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and compare family members' experiences of approach in encounters with healthcare professionals and possible feelings of alienation in the professional care within four care contexts: the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. The design was an explorative cross-sectional survey study. Data were collected in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire-Revised (FIAQ-R). It measures family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and the family members' feeling of alienation from the provision of professional care. A total of 1047 questionnaires were distributed to family members using convenient sampling method, of which 294 were included. Data were analysed using rank-based, non-parametric statistical methods. The results indicated that most respondents experienced a positive actual approach from the healthcare professionals. Many participants rated the importance of approach at a higher level than their actual experience. Participants in the context of diabetes care reported a more negative actual approach from the healthcare professionals than did participants in the other contexts and considered the healthcare professionals' approach towards them as being less important. The results for the entire group indicated that the participants felt a low level of alienation from the professional care. Participants in the context of the care of older people reported significantly lower level of feeling of being alienated than did participants in the contexts of psychiatric care and diabetes care. The differences between participants in diabetes care and other care contexts can possibly be explained by a more fully implemented self-care approach among the patients in diabetes care than in the other care contexts. Even though the results are quite positive, it is still important that nurses consider a family-centred approach to better adapt to the needs of both the family members and the patients.
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| 6. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(author)
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Enabling nursing students to become culturally competent : a documentary analysis of curricula in all Swedish nursing programs
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:4, s. 499-506
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has shown that majority of nurses feel that they lack relevant knowledge about immigrant's cultural backgrounds, and therefore, feel incompetent in providing these patients with good care. Last year alone, 4520 nursing students graduated from nursing schools throughout Sweden. Later on, they will meet and treat people from diverse cultural backgrounds and consequently, it is crucial that their educational training prepares them for their future work in a multiethnic society. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nursing curricula in Sweden's nursing schools provide students with the necessary tools for becoming culturally competent. The present study was based on two main questions: (i) Do the present educational plans and courses provide nursing students with the opportunity to become culturally competent? (ii) How do the contents of the educational plans match the contents of the course plans? The study was conducted using a quantitative documentary analysis, where the authors analysed the curricula of 26 nursing schools in Sweden and then compared them to the theoretical frame of reference 'The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services', a model written by Campinha-Bacote. The results showed that 69% (18/26) had included the concept of culture in their educational plans, whereas 77% (20/26) had included this in their courses. In all, 15% (78) from a total of 504 curricula had included the concept of culture in some way or another. However, the analysis found that only three schools provided students with specific training on the topic. Conclusively, the results showed that nursing students were not prepared for their work in a multiethnic society and nursing education in Sweden has failed to implement existing research into the nursing curricula.
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| 7. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(author)
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Factors of importance for self-reported mental health and depressive symptoms among ages 60-75 in urban Iran and Sweden.
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:4, s. 696-705
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depression is a common experience affecting 121 million people around the world. In high income countries, depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions among the elderly. Studies show that immigrants are particularly at risk for mental ill health.AIM: This study investigates the self-reported mental health among two Iranian groups; one born and residing in Iran and one consisting of Iranian immigrants in Sweden, as well as native Swedes living in Sweden. The study also aims to explore and compare self-reported depressive symptoms among three groups.METHODS: This study is based on a cross-sectional design measuring self-reported health with a study specific questionnaire. The programme SPSS V.17.0 was used for all statistical analyses.FINDINGS: 1088 participants were approached (668 Iranians in Iran; 105 immigrated Iranians in Sweden; and 305 Swedes in Sweden). Factors effecting self-reported mental health was self-reported health, smoking, satisfaction with social life and also a sense of connection to ones cultural roots and traditions. Also demographic variables such as group belonging (Swedes vs. Iranians), sex and satisfaction with Income were shown to be important when performing the regression analysis. In the chi-square analysis the Iranian samples reported depressive symptoms to a larger extent than the Swedish group in all aspects of self-reported depressive symptoms. Self-reported depressive symptoms were reported to a greater extend in women compared to men. Our findings indicate that the Iranian populations living in both Tehran and Stockholm report depressive symptoms to an extent that merits concern. The findings indicate that Iranians living in Tehran and Iranians who have immigrated to Sweden require more attention regarding mental health care. Health care providers in both countries should be aware of the current state of mental health among Iranians in both Sweden and Iran.
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| 8. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(author)
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Family Members' Experiences with the Healthcare Professionals in Nursing Homes - A Survey Study
- 2022
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In: Nursing: Research and Reviews. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 2230-522X. ; 12, s. 57-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose was to investigate family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and feeling of alienation in nursing homes.Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design collecting data from seven nursing homes in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire - Revised (FIAQ-R). The final sample consisted 133 family members (response rate 42.6%). Data were analyzed with a variety of rank-based, non-parametric statistical methods.Results: Family members in general experienced a positive approach from the healthcare professionals and considered that as being of the very highest importance. This could be explained by the skewed sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The concept of continuity generated the most comments of a negative character indicating the importance of organizational factors in nursing homes.Conclusion: The results indicate the need to improve continuity in the care of older persons in nursing homes by limiting the amount of different health care professionals surrounding the older person. Also, it highlights the importance of having a specific contact person assigned to each older person living in nursing homes.
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