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- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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- Magnus, MC, et al.
(author)
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Fetal death after the introduction of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Sweden, Denmark and Norway: a registry-based study
- 2022
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 20625-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It remains unclear whether the rate of fetal death has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on fetal death in Sweden (449,347 births), Denmark (290,857 pregnancies) and Norway (261,057 pregnancies) using robust population-based registry data. We used Cox regression to assess the impact of the implementation of pandemic mitigation measures on March 12th, 2020, on miscarriage (fetal loss before gestational week 22) and stillbirth (fetal loss after gestational week 22). A total of 11% of 551,914 pregnancies in Denmark and Norway ended in miscarriage, while the proportion of stillbirths among 937,174 births across the three countries was 0.3%. There was no difference in the risk of fetal death during the year following pandemic mitigation measures. For miscarriage, the combined hazard ratio (HR) for Norway and Denmark was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98, 1.03), and for stillbirth, the combined HR for all three countries was 0.99 (95% CI 0.89, 1.09). We observed a slightly decreased risk of miscarriage during the first 4 months, with an HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.90, 0.99) after lockdown. In conclusion, the risk of fetal death did not change after the implementation of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures in the three Scandinavian countries.
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- Magnus, MC, et al.
(author)
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Fetal death after the introduction of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Sweden, Denmark and Norway: a registry-based study
- 2022
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 20625-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It remains unclear whether the rate of fetal death has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on fetal death in Sweden (449,347 births), Denmark (290,857 pregnancies) and Norway (261,057 pregnancies) using robust population-based registry data. We used Cox regression to assess the impact of the implementation of pandemic mitigation measures on March 12th, 2020, on miscarriage (fetal loss before gestational week 22) and stillbirth (fetal loss after gestational week 22). A total of 11% of 551,914 pregnancies in Denmark and Norway ended in miscarriage, while the proportion of stillbirths among 937,174 births across the three countries was 0.3%. There was no difference in the risk of fetal death during the year following pandemic mitigation measures. For miscarriage, the combined hazard ratio (HR) for Norway and Denmark was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98, 1.03), and for stillbirth, the combined HR for all three countries was 0.99 (95% CI 0.89, 1.09). We observed a slightly decreased risk of miscarriage during the first 4 months, with an HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.90, 0.99) after lockdown. In conclusion, the risk of fetal death did not change after the implementation of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures in the three Scandinavian countries.
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- Urquia, ML, et al.
(author)
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Disparities in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia among immigrant women giving birth in six industrialised countries
- 2014
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In: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 121:12, s. 1492-1500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo assess disparities in pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia among immigrant women from various world regions giving birth in six industrialised countries.DesignCross‐country comparative study of linked population‐based databases.SettingProvincial or regional obstetric delivery data from Australia, Canada, Spain and the USA and national data from Denmark and Sweden.PopulationAll immigrant and non‐immigrant women delivering in the six industrialised countries within the most recent 10‐year period available to each participating centre (1995–2010).MethodsData was collected using standardised definitions of the outcomes and maternal regions of birth. Pooled data were analysed with multilevel models. Within‐country analyses used stratified logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR ) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ).Main outcome measuresPre‐eclampsia, eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia with prolonged hospitalisation (cases per 1000 deliveries).ResultsThere were 9 028 802 deliveries (3 031 399 to immigrant women). Compared with immigrants from Western Europe, immigrants from Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean were at higher risk of pre‐eclampsia (OR : 1.72; 95% CI : 1.63, 1.80 and 1.63; 95% CI : 1.57, 1.69) and eclampsia (OR : 2.12; 95% CI : 1.61, 2.79 and 1.55; 95% CI : 1.26, 1. 91), respectively, after adjustment for parity, maternal age and destination country. Compared with native‐born women, European and East Asian immigrants were at lower risk in most industrialised countries. Spain exhibited the largest disparities and Australia the smallest.ConclusionImmigrant women from Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean require increased surveillance due to a consistently high risk of pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia.
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