| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Leslie, CE, et al.
(author)
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Estrogenic Modulation of Retinal Sensitivity in Reproductive Female Túngara Frogs
- 2021
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In: Integrative and comparative biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1557-7023 .- 1540-7063. ; 61:1, s. 231-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although mate searching behavior in female túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) is nocturnal and largely mediated by acoustic cues, male signaling includes visual cues produced by the vocal sac. To compensate for these low light conditions, visual sensitivity in females is modulated when they are in a reproductive state, as retinal thresholds are decreased. This study tested whether estradiol (E2) plays a role in this modulation. Female túngara frogs were injected with either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a combination of hCG and fadrozole. hCG induces a reproductive state and increases retinal sensitivity, while fadrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that blocks hCG-induced E2 synthesis. In an analysis of scotopic electroretinograms (ERGs), hCG treatment lowered the threshold for eliciting a b-wave response, whereas the addition of fadrozole abolished this effect, matching thresholds in non-reproductive saline-injected controls. This suggests that blocking E2 synthesis blocked the hCG-mediated reproductive modulation of retinal sensitivity. By implicating E2 in control of retinal sensitivity, our data add to growing evidence that the targets of gonadal steroid feedback loops include sensory receptor organs, where stimulus sensitivity may be modulated, rather than more central brain nuclei, where modulation may affect mechanisms involved in motivation.
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| 3. |
- Adriansson, Camilla, 1962, et al.
(author)
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The use of topical anaesthesia at children´s minor lacerations: an experimental study
- 2004
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In: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - 0965-2302. ; 12:2, s. 78-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a great many situations within health care and treatment, children are subjected to unnecessary pain and suffering. When local anaesthetics is to be administered the child can experience this as incomprehensible especially when the nursing staff assures the child that no pain would be felt, only to discover soon after, that it actually did hurt at the moment of anaesthetic infiltration. The soothing of pain during the suturing of wounds in emergency wards can be reduced. In order to prevent this (subjection to unnecessary pain), and by improving accepted practice, it was interesting to investigate whether children felt pain at the time of infiltration anaesthesia following the initial topical anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of introductory topical anaesthesia using Xylocain solution dropped in the wound prior to a definitive infiltration-anaesthesia. An experimental prospective design was used where children were included in either an experimental (10) or control (10) group. The experimental group was given a Xylocain solution while eth control group received physiological Sodium solution. Pain was estimated by using VAS and by interviews. The study shows that a certain alleviation of pain does occur when using Xylocain, but not statistically significant difference exists between the two groups. Irrespective of whether the children received an introductory topical anaesthesia with Xylocain or Sodium solution at the time of infiltration anaesthesia, they expressed pain in connection with infiltration. Many children expressed fear and anxiety. Current research highlights the difficulties involved in offering children a really satisfactory form of pain relief in connection with infiltration anaesthesia and suturing of wounds. It is urgent to throw more light on children´s pain both from a nursing and from a medical point of view. No statistically significant differences was found in children´s reported pain, after treatment with Xylocain but the solution can have a positive effect at the time of the infiltration jab, but a larger study needs to be done in order to establish this firmly.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Harko, T, et al.
(author)
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Novel couplings between nonmetricity and matter
- 2018
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In: 15th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Relativistic Field Theories, MG 2018. - : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a novel theory of gravity, namely, an extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity. This is done by introducing a new class of theories where the nonmetricity Q is coupled nonminimally to the matter Lagrangian. This nonminimal coupling entails the nonconservation of the energy-momentum tensor, and consequently the appearance of an extra force. We also present several cosmological applications.
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| 6. |
- Harkonen, H, et al.
(author)
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SLC26A2-Associated Diastrophic Dysplasia and rMED-Clinical Features in Affected Finnish Children and Review of the Literature
- 2021
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In: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 12:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed short stature and joint dysplasia. DTD is caused by mutations in SLC26A2 and is particularly common in the Finnish population. However, the disease incidence in Finland and clinical features in affected individuals have not been recently explored. This registry-based study aimed to investigate the current incidence of DTD in Finland, characterize the national cohort of pediatric subjects with DTD and review the disease-related literature. Subjects with SLC26A2-related skeletal dysplasia, born between 2000 and 2020, were identified from the Skeletal dysplasia registry and from hospital patient registry and their clinical and molecular data were reviewed. Fourteen subjects were identified. Twelve of them were phenotypically classified as DTD and two, as recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). From the subjects with available genetic data, 75% (9/12) were homozygous for the Finnish founder mutation c.-26+2T>C. Two subjects with rMED phenotype were compound heterozygous for p.Arg279Trp and p.Thr512Lys variants. The variable phenotypes in our cohort highlight the wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from a very severe form of DTD to milder forms of DTD and rMED. The incidence of DTD in Finland has significantly decreased over the past decades, most likely due to increased prenatal diagnostics.
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| 7. |
- Hedin, Gita
(author)
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Sleep and insomnia symptoms in adolescence
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Insufficient sleep, sleep problems and insomnia are common in adolescents, and insomnia and insufficient sleep are public health concerns that can impact adolescents’ mental and physical health. There are several different treatments for sleep problems and insomnia, and there is a great focus on the problem when it has already arisen. However, since this is a public health problem, it is important to shed light on it at an early stage, and to inform about adolescents’ sleep problems and insomnia symptoms. This, in hope to help the adolescents’, adults in their environment and professionals in school health care. Aim and methods: The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to contribute with knowledge about possible factors influencing sleep and insomnia symptoms among adolescents. Paper I investigated adolescents’ experiences regarding what they perceived as facilitators and barriers for a good night´s sleep. This study has a qualitative design, focus groups interviews were performed and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Paper II investigated the associations between insomnia symptoms, academic performance, self-reported health, physical activity, school start time, and substance use in adolescents. This paper was a cross-sectional survey and analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics. Paper III aimed to test the measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) together with an additional item focusing on daytime functioning, Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale-Revised (MISS-R) among adolescents. This study has cross-sectional design and data was analysed with Rash measurement model. Paper IV aimed to investigate whether sleep duration, difficulties waking up, tiredness in school, and family financial situation among school-aged girls and boys (aged 6-10 years) can predict insomnia symptoms among female and male adolescents (aged 14-16 years). This was a longitudinal design and was analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics.Results: From paper I emerge that the adolescents were aware of the importance of sleep for managing during the day. However, there were both facilitators and barriers for achieving a good night sleep. Three categories were identified: striving for a sense of well-being, tiring yourself out and regulating electronic media. Paper II highlights that insomnia was associated with poor self-reported health, failed school courses, and use of alcohol and/or cigarettes. When the combined effect of self-reported health and physical activity were investigated, a combination of low physical activity and poor self-reported health was strongly associated with insomnia. Paper III showed that both MISS and MISS-R had good measurement properties, regarding targeting, items tended to represent more severe levels of insomnia symptoms than reported by the adolescents. Older adolescents were more likely to score higher than younger adolescents in the items concerning “problems with not being rested by sleep”, and “problems with daytime disturbance”. Paper IV showed different factors in childhood that predicted insomnia symptoms in adolescence. These factors differed between sex. Perceived quite bad/very bad family financial situation, and short sleep duration at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among female adolescents. However, problems waking up at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among male adolescents.Conclusions: This thesis shows that the adolescents want to talk about sleep problems and insomnia symptoms with adults in their environment. One instrument that professionals in school health care can have benefit of in the conversation with the adolescents, are MISS-R. MISS-R seem to be a reliable screening instrument for insomnia symptoms among adolescents. The adolescents need support from adults to facilitate a good night sleep.
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| 8. |
- Leskovec, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Pipe flow with large particles and their impact on the transition to turbulence
- 2020
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In: Physical Review Fluids. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-990X. ; 5:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The classical transition from laminar to turbulent flow is affected if solid particles are added. The transition behavior is a function of particle size d and solid volume fraction phi and the flow undergoes a smooth transition, as opposed to intermittent, if phi exceeds a certain threshold. In this work we show that, for particle-laden pipe flows with large particle-to-pipe diameter ratios d/D, the phi threshold for altering the transition is much lower than previously reported for smaller particles. Magnetic resonance velocimetry reveals that particles introduce turbulent-like fluid velocity fluctuations in laminar flow. Factors that might control the limits between "classical" and "smooth" transition in the state space spanned by d/D and phi are discussed based on scaling analyses.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Weaver, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Lytic transglycosylases mitigate periplasmic crowding by degrading soluble cell wall turnover products
- 2022
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The peptidoglycan cell wall is a predominant structure of bacteria, determining cell shape and supporting survival in diverse conditions. Peptidoglycan is dynamic and requires regulated synthesis of new material, remodeling, and turnover – or autolysis – of old material. Despite exploitation of peptidoglycan synthesis as an antibiotic target, we lack a fundamental understanding of how peptidoglycan synthesis and autolysis intersect to maintain the cell wall. Here, we uncover a critical physiological role for a widely misunderstood class of autolytic enzymes, lytic transglycosylases (LTGs). We demonstrate that LTG activity is essential to survival by contributing to periplasmic processes upstream and independent of peptidoglycan recycling. Defects accumulate in Vibrio cholerae LTG mutants due to generally inadequate LTG activity, rather than absence of specific enzymes, and essential LTG activities are likely independent of protein-protein interactions, as heterologous expression of a non-native LTG rescues growth of a conditionally LTG-null mutant. Lastly, we demonstrate that soluble, uncrosslinked, endopeptidase-dependent peptidoglycan chains, also detected in the wild-type, are enriched in LTG mutants, and that LTG mutants are hypersusceptible to the production of diverse periplasmic polymers. Collectively, our results suggest that LTGs prevent toxic crowding of the periplasm with synthesis-derived peptidoglycan polymers and contrary to prevailing models, that this autolytic function can be temporally separate from peptidoglycan synthesis.
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| 13. |
- Abdesselam, A., et al.
(author)
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Boosted objects : a probe of beyond the standard model physics
- 2011
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:6, s. 1661-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the report of the hadronic working group of the BOOST2010 workshop held at the University of Oxford in June 2010. The first part contains a review of the potential of hadronic decays of highly boosted particles as an aid for discovery at the LHC and a discussion of the status of tools developed to meet the challenge of reconstructing and isolating these topologies. In the second part, we present new results comparing the performance of jet grooming techniques and top tagging algorithms on a common set of benchmark channels. We also study the sensitivity of jet substructure observables to the uncertainties in Monte Carlo predictions.
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| 14. |
- Beatrice, Carlo, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Assessment on Exploiting Low Carbon Ethanol Fuel in a Light-Duty Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine
- 2020
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In: Applied Sciences (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 10:20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compression ignition (CI) engines are widely used in modern society, but they are also recognized as a significative source of harmful and human hazard emissions such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Moreover, the combustion of fossil fuels is related to the growing amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Stringent emission regulatory programs, the transition to cleaner and more advanced powertrains and the use of lower carbon fuels are driving forces for the improvement of diesel engines in terms of overall efficiency and engine-out emissions. Ethanol, a light alcohol and lower carbon fuel, is a promising alternative fuel applicable in the dual-fuel (DF) combustion mode to mitigate CO2 and also engine-out PM emissions. In this context, this work aims to assess the maximum fuel substitution ratio (FSR) and the impact on CO2 and PM emissions of different nozzle holes number injectors, 7 and 9, in the DF operating mode. The analysis was conducted within engine working constraints and considered the influence on maximum FSR of calibration parameters, such as combustion phasing, rail pressure, injection pattern and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experimental tests were carried out on a single-cylinder light-duty CI engine with ethanol introduced via port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection of diesel in two operating points, 1500 and 2000 rpm and at 5 and 8 bar of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), respectively. Noise and the coefficient of variation in indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) limits have been chosen as practical constraints. In particular, the experimental analysis assesses for each parameter or their combination the highest ethanol fraction that can be injected. To discriminate the effect on ethanol fraction and the combustion process of each parameter, a one-at-a-time-factor approach was used. The results show that, in both operating points, the EGR reduces the maximum ethanol fraction injectable; nevertheless, the ethanol addition leads to outstanding improvement in terms of engine-out PM. The adoption of a 9 hole diesel injector, for lower load, allows reaching a higher fraction of ethanol in all test conditions with an improvement in combustion noise, on average 3 dBA, while near-zero PM emissions and a reduction can be noticed, on the average of 1 g/kWh, and CO2 compared with the fewer nozzle holes case. Increasing the load insensitivity to different holes number was observed.
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| 15. |
- Boman, Åse, 1957-
(author)
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Learning by supporting others : experienced parents' development process when supporting other parents with a child with Type 1 diabetes
- 2018
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In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:5-6, s. E1171-E1178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study's purpose was to describe and analyze coach-parents' development process when supporting parents of children recently diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).BACKGROUND: It has been found repeatedly that providing social support for families with a child diagnosed with T1DM promotes health and wellbeing for both the child and the parents. Less explored are the processes experienced by those who provide this support. However, research has found that acting as a provider of social support promotes personal development, strengthens communication skills, and increases self-confidence.METHODS: The study design was based on Constructivist Grounded Theory and data were collected, through Repeated Focus Group Discussions, from eight coach-parents at a Swedish hospital from 2012-2015.RESULTS: The core category in the data was identified as a learning process where coach-parents emphasized their own learning in the dyad supporter - supported, and in the interaction with other parents in the Repeated Focus Group Discussions. The coach-parents' motivation for participation was a wish to learn more and to help other parents in a life-changing situation. They also pointed out hindrances and their frustration when unable to provide support.CONCLUSIONS: This study leads to the conclusion that people who provide support benefit from doing so. Encountering people with similar experiences in a supportive situation promotes a reciprocal learning process, based on the supporter's wish to help people in a situation they recognize. A further conclusion is that social support is not only essential initially, but is also important over a longer period and that it follows various life stages.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Setting up repeated focus group discussions might be a relevant and effective tool for pediatric diabetes nurses to use in promoting health and wellbeing for both families with a newly diagnosed child and experienced families. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Castiglione, Fabio, et al.
(author)
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Intratunical Injection of Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells Restores Collagen III/I Ratio in a Rat Model of Chronic Peyronie's Disease
- 2019
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In: Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2050-1161. ; 7:1, s. 94-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Previous studies have shown that the injection of adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ADSCs) into the tunica albuginea (TA) during the active phase of Peyronie's disease (PD) prevents the development of fibrosis. Aim: To investigate, using an animal model, whether local injection of human ADSCs (hADSCs) can alter the degree of fibrosis in the chronic phase of PD. Methods: 27 male, 12-week-old rats were divided into 3 equal groups: sham, PD without treatment, and PD treated with hADSCs 1 month after disease induction. Sham rats underwent 2 injections of vehicle into the TA 1 month apart. PD rats underwent transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) injection and injection of vehicle 1 month later. PD-hADSC rats underwent TGFβ1 injection followed by 1 million hADSCs 1 month later. 1 week after treatment, n = 3 animals/group were euthanized, and the penises were harvested for quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 1 month after treatment, the other animals, n = 6 per group, underwent measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. After euthanasia, penises were again harvested for histology and Western blot. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome measures included (a) gene expression at one week post-injection; (b) measurement of ICP/MAP upon cavernous nerve stimulation as a measure of erectile function; (c) elastin, collagen I and III protein expression; and (d) Histomorphometric analysis of the penis. Means where compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test for post hoc comparisons or Mann-Whitney test when applicable. Results: No significant difference was noted in ICP or ICP/MAP in response to cavernous nerve electrostimulation between the 3 groups at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 V (P > .05 for all voltages). PD animals developed tunical and subtunical areas of fibrosis with a significant upregulation of collagen III protein. The collagen III/I ratio was higher in the PD (4.6 ± 0.92) group compared with sham (0.66 ± 0.18) and PD-hADSC (0.86 ± 0.06) groups (P < .05) These fibrotic changes were prevented when treated with hADSCs. Compared with PD rats, PD-hADSC rats demonstrated a decreased expression of several fibrosis-related genes. Conclusion: Injection of hADSCs reduces collagen III expression in a rat model of chronic PD. Castiglione F, Hedlund P, Weyne E, et al. Intratunical Injection of Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells Restores Collagen III/I Ratio in a Rat Model of Chronic Peyronie's Disease. Sex Med 2018;XX:XX–XX.
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| 17. |
- Chung, Min Keun, et al.
(author)
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LuMaMi28 : Real-Time Millimeter-Wave Multi-User MIMO Systems with Antenna Selection
- 2023
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In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276. ; 22:11, s. 7944-7960
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents LuMaMi28, a real-time 28GHz multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testbed. In this testbed, the base station has 16 transceiver chains with a fully-digital beamforming architecture (with different pre-coding algorithms) and simultaneously supports multiple user equipments (UEs) with spatial multiplexing. The UEs are equipped with a beam-switchable antenna array for real-time antenna selection where the one with the highest channel magnitude, out of four pre-defined beams, is selected. For the beam-switchable antenna array, we consider two kinds of UE antennas, with different beam-width and different peak-gain. Based on this testbed, we provide measurement results for millimeter-wave (mmWave) MU-MIMO performance in different real-life scenarios with static and mobile UEs. We explore the potential benefit of the mmWave MU-MIMO systems with antenna selection based on measured channel data, and discuss the performance results through real-time measurements.
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| 18. |
- Chung, Min Keun, et al.
(author)
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Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Testbed with Hybrid Beamforming
- 2020
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In: Conference Record of the 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ACSSC 2020. - 1058-6393. - 9780738131269 ; 2020-November, s. 309-313
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Massive multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) technology is vital in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands to obtain large array gains. However, there are practical challenges, such as high hardware cost and power consumption in such systems. A promising solution to these problems is to adopt a hybrid beamforming architecture. This architecture has a much lower number of transceiver (TRx) chains than the total antenna number, resulting in cost- and energy-efficient systems. In this paper, we present a real-time mmWave (28GHz) massive MIMO testbed with hybrid beamforming. This testbed has a 64-antenna/16-TRx unit for beam-selection, which can be expanded to larger array sizes in a modular way. For testing everything from baseband processing algorithms to scheduling and beam-selection in real propagation environments, we extend the capability of an existing 100-antenna/100-TRx massive MIMO testbed (below 6GHz), built upon software-defined radio technology, to a flexible mmWave massive MIMO system.
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| 19. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes - cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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In: Public Health Nutrition. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts. RESULTS: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men. CONCLUSIONS: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population. PMID: 15251054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 20. |
- Fazel, Seena, et al.
(author)
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Risk of death by suicide following self-harm presentations to healthcare : development and validation of a multivariable clinical prediction rule (OxSATS)
- 2023
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In: BMJ Mental Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2755-9734. ; 26:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Assessment of suicide risk in individuals who have self-harmed is common in emergency departments, but is often based on tools developed for other purposes. OBJECTIVE: We developed and validated a predictive model for suicide following self-harm.METHODS: We used data from Swedish population-based registers. A cohort of 53 172 individuals aged 10+ years, with healthcare episodes of self-harm, was split into development (37 523 individuals, of whom 391 died from suicide within 12 months) and validation (15 649 individuals, 178 suicides within 12 months) samples. We fitted a multivariable accelerated failure time model for the association between risk factors and time to suicide. The final model contains 11 factors: age, sex, and variables related to substance misuse, mental health and treatment, and history of self-harm. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis guidelines were followed for the design and reporting of this work.FINDINGS: An 11-item risk model to predict suicide was developed using sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, and showed good discrimination (c-index 0.77, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.78) and calibration in external validation. For risk of suicide within 12 months, using a 1% cut-off, sensitivity was 82% (75% to 87%) and specificity was 54% (53% to 55%). A web-based risk calculator is available (Oxford Suicide Assessment Tool for Self-harm or OxSATS).CONCLUSIONS: OxSATS accurately predicts 12-month risk of suicide. Further validations and linkage to effective interventions are required to examine clinical utility.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Using a clinical prediction score may assist clinical decision-making and resource allocation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Murphy, Kathleen, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Non-methane volatile organic compounds predict odor emitted from five tunnel ventilated broiler sheds
- 2014
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In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 95, s. 423-432
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted from mechanically ventilated poultry sheds in similar stages (32-36d) of broiler production were measured by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS), then identified using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC2) and the NIST11 database. Calibration models predicting odor measured by dilution olfactometry from NMVOC concentrations via orthogonal projection to latent structures (O-PLS) made good predictions (Rp2=0.83-0.87, RMSEp=137-175OU) using one to eight NMVOCs with either one or two latent variables representing odor concentration and character, respectively. Similar changes in odorant composition were observed in each sampling campaign, with samples collected early in the day more odorous and more sulfurous than samples collected later in the day. High litter moisture favored sulfur-containing odorants over alcohols, aldehydes and ketones but had little bearing on perceived odor, whereas high bird density favored alcohols, aldehydes and ketones over sulfur-containing odorants. Eight VOCs that were important predictors of odor across all sheds in order of decreasing importance were dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2-3 butanedione, 3-methyl-butanal, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetoin, and 2-butanone. Four additional NMVOCs also influenced perceived odor although less predictably; these were n-hexane, 2-butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and 1-octen-3-ol. All of the odorants are associated with microbial or fungal activity in the litter and manure, except n-hexane, which may originate from hexane-extracted soybean meal in the chicken feed. The organosulfides measured in this study may have arisen from the field sites as well as from the degradation of thiols captured on sorbent tubes during analysis by TD-GC/MS. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 24. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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