| 1. |
- Aleknavičius, D., et al.
(author)
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Can crickets recognise bacterially contaminated feed? Gryllus assimilis odour perception of Escherichia coli
- 2023
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In: Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. - 2352-4588. ; 9:7, s. 947-954
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Edible crickets Acheta domesticus and Gryllus assimilis are worldwide mass-reared insects. They are recognised as a sustainable source of protein in the food and feed industries and, in relation to this, must comply with food safety requirements. In this study, we assessed the self-protective ability of crickets to recognise potentially hazardous bacteria-contaminated feed. A two-choice test was carried out to estimate the crickets’ preference between the bacteria-contaminated and control feed. Three bacterial species were tested as potential contaminants: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. A. domesticus did not recognise feed contaminated with any of the bacterial species tested. G. assimilis avoided E. coli-contaminated feed, while the other two bacteria did not cause differences in feeding behaviour. The study of gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection showed that E. coli released a volatile compound, which was olfactory perceived by both males and females of G. assimilis. The compound was identified as indole. In a behavioural test, crickets spent less time feeding on indole-contaminated feed compared to control feed. Hence, indole induced an avoidance response in G. assimilis. It can be concluded that G. assimilis perceives and recognises some bacteria contaminants and thereby avoids spoiled feed.
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| 2. |
- Azeem, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Chemical composition and repellent activity of native plants essential against dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti
- 2019
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In: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever. Plant based essential oils may serve as good alternatives to commercially available mosquito repellent, DEET. Steam distillation was used for the extraction of essential oils from fresh collected aerial parts of plants viz Chenopodium ambrosioides, Conyza sumatrensis, Erigeron canadensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mentha spicata, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Tagetes minuta. The essential oils were tested for mosquito repellent activity against laboratory reared female Ae. aegypti by human bait technique. Identification of chemical constituents of essential oils was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of M. spicata, E. canadensis, P. hysterophorus, C. sumatrensis, T. minuta, C. ambrosioides, and E. camaldulensis exhibited 100%, 80%, 63.9%, 51.4%, 50.2%, 39.7%, and 13.7% mosquito repellent activity respectively, at the tested dose of 30 mu g/cm(2). The most abundant constituents of M. spicata, E. canadensis, P. hysterophorus, C. sumatrensis and T. minuta essential oils were piperitenone oxide (47.1%), limonene (41.3%), germacrene D (36.6%), cis-lachnophyllum ester (33.3%) and dihydrotagetone (20.9%) respectively. M. spicata essential oil completely inhibited the attractiveness of human hands toward female mosquitoes for more than 45 min thus showed bioactivity comparable to that of commercially used mosquito repellent, DEET. This study suggests that the dilute solution of M. spicata essential oil could be used as potent mosquito repellent against Ae. aegypti alternative to commercially available synthetic mosquito repellents.
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| 3. |
- Bohman, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Identification of (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-Pentadecane as Electrophysiologically Active Compounds in Ophrys insectifera and Its Argogorytes Pollinator
- 2020
-
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sexually deceptive orchids typically depend on specific insect species for pollination, which are lured by sex pheromone mimicry. European Ophrys orchids often exploit specific species of wasps or bees with carboxylic acid derivatives. Here, we identify the specific semiochemicals present in O. insectifera, and in females of one of its pollinator species, Argogorytes fargeii. Headspace volatile samples and solvent extracts were analysed by GC-MS and semiochemicals were structurally elucidated by microderivatisation experiments and synthesis. (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-pentadecane were confirmed as present in both O. insectifera and A. fargeii female extracts, with both compounds being found to be electrophysiologically active to pollinators. The identified semiochemicals were compared with previously identified Ophrys pollinator attractants, such as (Z)-9 and (Z)-12-C-27-C-29 alkenes in O. sphegodes and (Z)-9-octadecenal, octadecanal, ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate in O. speculum, to provide further insights into the biosynthesis of semiochemicals in this genus. We propose that all these currently identified Ophrys semiochemicals can be formed biosynthetically from the same activated carboxylic acid precursors, after a sequence of elongation and decarbonylation reactions in O. sphegodes and O. speculum, while in O. insectifera, possibly by decarbonylation without preceding elongation.
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| 4. |
- Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
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Solid phase micro extraction technique used for collecting semiochemicals. Identification of volatiles released by individual signalling Phyllonorycter sylvella moths
- 1996
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 51:7-8, s. 599-602
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The SPME (solid phase micro extraction) technique was used in the collection of volatiles released by calling females of the 4-6 mm long tentiform leafminer moth Phyllonorycter sylvella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). The volatiles released by the calling P. sylvella females were identified by CC-MS as a mixture of Z10-tetradecenyl acetate (92%), E10-tetradecenyl acetate (2%) and Z8-tetradecenyl acetate (6%). The amount of volatiles released by one calling female during three hours and collected on a polydimethylsiloxane fibre, was as large as the amount extracted from the glands of 20 females. The SPME technique gives the opportunity of continuously following the release of behaviour mediated signals from weak scented living organisms.
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| 5. |
- Buda, V., et al.
(author)
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C18 Dienes as attractants for eighteen clearwing (Sesiidae), tineid (Tineidae), and choreutid (Choreutidae) moth species
- 1993
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 19:4, s. 799-813
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By screening singly and binary mixed 2,13- and 3,13-octadecadien-yl acetates and alcohols (2,13- and 3,13-18: Ac/OH)in Lithuania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and the far east of Russia, sex attractants were discovered for 12 Sesiidae, four Tineidae, and one Choreutidae moth species. Males of Sesia yezoensis and Bembecia puella as well as Nemapogon flavifrons were attracted by mixture of Z3,Z13-18:Ac/OH in a ratio of 9:1, Pyropteron sp. n. by the same mixture (ratio 1:9), Bembecia romanovi and B. zuwandica by Z3,Z13-18:AC and E3,Z13-18:Ac (9:1), Synanthedon caucasicum by the same mixture in the opposite ratio (1:9), B. scopigera by 23,213-18:Ac and E2,Z13-18:OH in a ratio 9:1, Synasphecia triannuliformis by Z3,Z13-18:OH and E3,Z13-18:OH (9: 1), Similipepsis takizawai and Archimeessia sp. n. by E3,Z13-18:OH and E2,Z13-18:Ac (1:1), Prochoreutis sechestediana by a mixture of E3,Z13-18:Ac plus E2,Z13-18:OH (1:), Microsphecia brosiformis by E3,Z13-18:Ac, Synanthedon conopiformis by the analogous alcohol, Synanthedon scoliaeformis and Nemaxera betulinella by E2,Z13-18:Ac, Triaxomera fulvimitrella by Z3,Z13-18:Ac. An analogous alcohol component is essential for the attraction of B. ichneumoniformis males. Inhibitors for B. romanovi, B. scopigera and B. zuwandica attraction were discovered. Preliminary data on attractants for six other species as well as on the diurnal rhythm of sexual activity of three species are presented. A new method for the stereoselective synthesis of 3,13-18:Ac/OH and E2,Z13-18:Ac/OH is described.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Buda, Vincas, et al.
(author)
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p-Cresol : A Sex Pheromone Component Identified from the Estrous Urine of Mares
- 2012
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In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 38:7, s. 811-813
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previously it was shown that m- and p-cresols in the urine of mares exhibits a temporally reproducible pattern that is dependent on ovarian activity and, thus, provides information about the timing of ovulation. New behavioral data demonstrate 1) that stallions spend significantly more time sniffing p-cresol as compared to o-, and m-cresols, and, 2) that the extent of stallions' erections differ significantly in response to different types of samples. The lowest erection level was recorded for the pure-water control, a moderate erection level was elicited by the urine of diestrous mares, and the highest erection level was elicited by urine of a diestrous mare containing synthetic p-cresol at a quantity equivalent to half of the amount of p-cresol found in the urine of estrous mares. Consequently, p-cresol is at least one of the components of a horse sex pheromone.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Mikael A., et al.
(author)
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Odour Maps in the Brain of Butterflies with Divergent Host-Plant Preferences
- 2011
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Butterflies are believed to use mainly visual cues when searching for food and oviposition sites despite that their olfactory system is morphologically similar to their nocturnal relatives, the moths. The olfactory ability in butterflies has, however, not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we performed the first study of odour representation in the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobes, of butterflies. Host plant range is highly variable within the butterfly family Nymphalidae, with extreme specialists and wide generalists found even among closely related species. Here we measured odour evoked Ca2+ activity in the antennal lobes of two nymphalid species with diverging host plant preferences, the specialist Aglais urticae and the generalist Polygonia c-album. The butterflies responded with stimulus-specific combinations of activated glomeruli to single plant-related compounds and to extracts of host and non-host plants. In general, responses were similar between the species. However, the specialist A. urticae responded more specifically to its preferred host plant, stinging nettle, than P. c-album. In addition, we found a species-specific difference both in correlation between responses to two common green leaf volatiles and the sensitivity to these compounds. Our results indicate that these butterflies have the ability to detect and to discriminate between different plant-related odorants.
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| 9. |
- Church, Tamara L., et al.
(author)
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Functional Wood-Foam Composites for Controlled Uptake and Release
- 2021
-
In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 9:46, s. 15571-15581
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood-foam hierarchical composites were produced via the shear-forced infiltration of shear-thinning nanocellulose-based foams or gels into the tracheids of Picea abies. Shear processing viscoelastic and shear-thinning aqueous foams composed of cellulose nanocrystals, methylcellulose, and tannic acid (total solids content: 2 wt %) resulted in foam-filled wood composites containing 15-20 wt % foam, with open foam structures and compression strengths similar to those of unmodified P. abies. An amino-functionalized nanocellulose-containing foam confined in wood reversibly adsorbed CO2, retaining 15% of its theoretical uptake capacity over 50 cycles in the thermogravimetric analyzer, and a citronellol-loaded foam released this mosquito-repellent compound over four days, as evaluated using solid-phase microextraction. Shear-forced infiltration of functional foams into wood is an operationally simple route to hierarchically porous composites based on renewable materials.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- De Prins, Jurate, et al.
(author)
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Sex attractant, distribution and DNA barcodes for the Afrotropical leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae))
- 2009
-
In: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; :2281, s. 53-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sex attractant for Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Meyrick, 1912) has been determined as (10E)-dodec-10-en-1-yl acetate and (10E)-dodec-10-en-1-ol combined in a ratio 10:1. The distribution of this species in Eastern Africa is updated and its presence in Kenya is recorded for the first time. We discuss the taxonomic status of P. melanosparta with reference to three character sets: semiochemicals, morphological and molecular characters (DNA barcodes). This combination of characters is also proposed as a new approach to study the diversity and phylogeny of Phyllonorycter in the Afrotropical region.
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| 12. |
- Eiras, A. E., et al.
(author)
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Sex pheromone of the Brazilian apple leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
- 1999
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In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 54:7-8, s. 595-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The female sex pheromone of Bonagota (=Phthteochroa) cranaodes (Meyrick) is a blend of (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate (E3,Z5-12:Ac) and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac) according to analysis of pheromone - gland extracts and field trapping in apple orchards. This is the first time that E3,Z5-12:Ac has been identified as a lepidopteran sex pheromone. Traps baited with 100 mu g E3,Z5-12:Ac were attractive over 15 weeks in the field and were as effective as traps baited with virgin females. Addition of Z9-16:Ac to E3,Z5-12:Ac at ratio of 1:10 had a significantly increase of male moths. The addition of the Z,E and Z:Z isomers to rubber septa baited with E3,Z5-12:Ac did not modify B. cranaodes male attraction, but 10% of EE enhanced trap catch.
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| 13. |
- Elmhalli, Fawzeia, PhD, et al.
(author)
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Acaricidal activity against Ixodes ricinus nymphs of essential oils from the Libyan plants Artemisia herba alba, Origanum majorana and Juniperus phoenicea
- 2021
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In: Veterinary Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-9390. ; 24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a major vector for the transmission of several important human pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils (Eos) on I. ricinus tick nymphs. Oils were obtained from the leaves of three plants native to Libya: white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba Asso), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and Arar (Juniperus phoenicea L., English common name Phoenician juniper). Assays were done using the "open filter paper method". Two concentrations from each oil, 0.5 and 1 mu l/cm, were tested. The acaricidal effect was measured in terms of the lethal concentrations (LC50, LC95) and lethal time (LT50, LT95). Mortality rates were obtained by counting the surviving nymphs every 30 min for the first five hours and then at 24, 48 and 72 h. A mortality of 100% was recorded at the higher concentration of oils (1 mu l/cm(2)) from A. herba alba and J. phoenicea at the first 2 h of exposure. Exposure to O. majorana led to 100% mortality on the third day (72 h), and this effect decreased noticeably with 0.5 mu l/cm(2) oil at the same exposure time. However, 50% of ticks showed a paralysis effect and less movement after 2 h. The LC50 of mortality was reached within the first 24 h of exposure time at 0.5 mu l/cm(2) of O. majorana, which produced 60% tick's mortality. Chemical composition of the essential oils was elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. These results suggest that essential oils deserve further investigation as components of alternative approaches for I. ricinus tick control.
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| 14. |
- Elmhalli, Fawzeia, PhD, et al.
(author)
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The repellency and toxicity effects of Essential oils from the Libyan plants Salvadora persica and Rosmarinus officinalis against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus.
- 2019
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In: Experimental & applied acarology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-8162 .- 1572-9702. ; 77:4, s. 585-599
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Essential oils extracted from the leaves of Libyan Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and Miswak (Salvadora persica L.) were evaluated for their acaricidal and repellent effects on Ixodes ricinus L. nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) using a bioassay based on an “open filter paper method". R. officinalis leaf essential oil diluted to 0.5 and 1µl/cm ² in acetone exhibited, respectively, 20% and 100% tick mortality after about 5 hours of exposure. A total of 50% and 95% of I. ricinus nymphs were killed by direct contact with the oil when exposed to lethal concentrations (LC) of 0.7µl/cm² (LC50) and 0.95 µl/cm² (LC95), respectively. The LC50 (0.5µl/cm²) was reached before the end of the first 24 hours of exposure time (ET), as tick mortality at 24 hours was 60%. S. persica leaf essential oil at 1µl/cm² showed a significant repellency effect against I. ricinus nymphs at 1.5 hours ET. A 95% repellency was observed at a repellent concentration (RC95) of 1µl/cm² of S. persica, but no significant mortality was recorded at this dose of S. persica oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main monoterpenes in both oils were 1,8-cineol, α-pinene, and β-pinene, although in markedly different proportions. These results suggest that essential oils have substantial potential as alternative approaches for I. ricinus tick control.
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| 15. |
- Elmhalli, Fawzeia, et al.
(author)
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Toxicity against Ixodes ricinus nymphs of essential oils from the Libyan plants Artemisia herba alba, Origanum majorana and Juniperus phoenicea
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ABSTRACT Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a major vector for the transmission of several important human pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils (Eos) on I. ricinus tick nymphs. Oils were obtained from the leaves of three plants native to Libya: white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba Asso), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and Arâr (Juniperus phoenicea L., English common name Phoenician juniper). Assays were done using the “open filter paper method". Two concentrations from each oil, 0.5 and 1µl/cm, were tested. And the toxic effect was measured in terms of the lethal concentrations (LC50, LC95) and lethal time (LT50, LT95). Mortality rates were obtained by counting the surviving nymphs every 30 minutes for the first five hours and then at 24, 48 and 72 h. A mortality of 100% was recorded at the higher concentration of oils (1µl/cm²) from A. herba alba and J. phoenicea at the first 2 hours of exposure. With O. majorana 100% mortality was only reached on the third day (72h), and this effect decreased noticeably with 0.5µl/cm² oil at the same exposure time. However, 50% of ticks showed a paralysis effect and less movement after 2 hours. Whereas the LC50 of mortality was reached within the first 24h of ET at 0.5µl/cm² of O. majorana, which produced 60% tick’s mortality. Chemical composition of the essential oils was elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. These results suggest that essential oils merit further investigation as components of alternative approaches for I. ricinus tick control.
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| 16. |
- Emami, S. Noushin, et al.
(author)
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A key malaria metabolite modulates vector blood seeking, feeding, and susceptibility to infection
- 2017
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 355:6329
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Malaria infection renders humans more attractive to Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes than uninfected people. The mechanisms remain unknown. We found that an isoprenoid precursor produced by Plasmodium falciparum, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), affects A. gambiae s. l. blood meal seeking and feeding behaviors as well as susceptibility to infection. HMBPP acts indirectly by triggering human red blood cells to increase the release of CO2, aldehydes, and monoterpenes, which together enhance vector attraction and stimulate vector feeding. When offered in a blood meal, HMBPP modulates neural, antimalarial, and oogenic gene transcription without affecting mosquito survival or fecundity; in a P. falciparum-infected blood meal, sporogony is increased.
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| 17. |
- Emami, S. Noushin, et al.
(author)
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Can Plasmodium's tricks for enhancing its transmission be turned against the parasite? New hopes for vector control
- 2019
-
In: Pathogens and Global Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-7724 .- 2047-7732. ; 113:8, s. 325-335
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Approximately 120 years ago the link between mosquito and the malaria transmission was discovered. However, even today it remains an open question whether the parasite is able to direct the blood-seeking and feeding behavior of its mosquito vector to maximize the probability of transmission. If the parasite has this ability, could it occur only through the alteration of the vertebrate host's volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or the parasite alteration of the behavior of the infected vector in a manner that favors its transmission? Although some recent empirical evidence supports the hypothesis regarding the parasite ability in alteration of the vertebrate host's VOCs, the role of parasite alteration and behavioral differences between infected and uninfected female mosquitoes toward infected and uninfected hosts has not yet been considered in the implementation of control measures. This review will discuss the current evidence, which shows 1. Plasmodium can direct uninfected mosquito blood-seeking and feeding behavior via alteration of vertebrate-host odor profiles and production of phagostimulants and 2. Plasmodium also manipulates its vector during the sporogony cycle to increase transmission. Briefly, we also consider the next generation of methods for moving the empirical laboratory evidence to potential application in future integrated malaria control programs.
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| 18. |
- Enge, Swantje, et al.
(author)
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A supergene in seaweed flies modulates male traits and female perception
- 2023
-
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 290:2008
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Supergenes, tightly linked sets of alleles, offer some of the most spectacular examples of polymorphism persisting under long-term balancing selection. However, we still do not understand their evolution and persistence, especially in the face of accumulation of deleterious elements. Here, we show that an overdominant supergene in seaweed flies, Coelopa frigida, modulates male traits, potentially facilitating disassortative mating and promoting intraspecific polymorphism. Across two continents, the Cf-Inv(1) supergene strongly affected the composition of male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) but only weakly affected CHC composition in females. Using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection, we show that females can sense male CHCs and that there may be differential perception between genotypes. Combining our phenotypic results with RNA-seq data, we show that candidate genes for CHC biosynthesis primarily show differential expression for Cf-Inv(1) in males but not females. Conversely, candidate genes for odorant detection were differentially expressed in both sexes but showed high levels of divergence between supergene haplotypes. We suggest that the reduced recombination between supergene haplotypes may have led to rapid divergence in mate preferences as well as increasing linkage between male traits, and overdominant loci. Together this probably helped to maintain the polymorphism despite deleterious effects in homozygotes.
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| 19. |
- Fors, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Chemical communication and host search in Galerucella leaf beetles
- 2015
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In: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 25:1, s. 33-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herbivore insects use a variety of search cues during host finding and mate recognition, including visual, gustatory, and olfactory stimuli, leaving multiple traits for evolution to act upon. However, information about differences or similarities in search pattern amongst closely related insect herbivore species is still scarce. Here, we study the production of and the response to pheromone in Galerucella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to investigate the beetles' search behaviour. Males of G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, two closely related species, are known to produce the aggregation pheromone dimethylfuran-lactone when feeding on their host plant, whereas no pheromones have been identified in other Galerucella species. We show that dimethylfuran-lactone is produced also by males of G. tenella, a species phylogenetically close to G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, whereas the more distantly related species G. lineola and G. sagittariae were not found to produce the same compound. To investigate the beetles' behavioural response to dimethylfuran-lactone, the pheromone was synthesized using a partly novel method and tested in olfactometers, showing that G. pusilla, G. calmariensis, and G. tenella were all attracted to the pheromone, whereas G. lineola and G. sagittariae did not respond. This suggests that the production of and the response to pheromone could be linked to the phylogenetic relatedness between the species.
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| 20. |
- Fors, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Selection by parasitoid females among closely related hosts based on volatiles : Identifying relevant chemical cues
- 2018
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 8:6, s. 3219-3228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parasitoid fitness is influenced by the ability to overcome host defense strategies and by the ability of parasitoid females to select high-quality host individuals. When females are unable to differentiate among hosts, their fitness will decrease with an increasing abundance of resistant hosts. To understand the effect of mixed host populations on female fitness, it is therefore necessary to investigate the ability of female parasitoids to select among hosts. Here, we used behavioral assays, headspace volatile collection, and electrophysiology to study the ability of Asecodes parviclava to use olfactory cues to select between a susceptible host (Galerucella calmariensis) and a resistant host (Galerucella pusilla) from a distance. Our studies show that parasitoid females have the capacity to distinguish the two hosts and that the selection behavior is acquired through experiences during earlier life stages. Further, we identified two volatiles (-terpinolene and [E]--ocimene) which amounts differ between the two plant-herbivore systems and that caused behavioral and electrophysiological responses. The consequence of this selection behavior is that females have the capacity to avoid laying eggs in G.pusilla, where the egg mortality is higher due to much stronger immune responses toward A.parviclava than in larvae of G.calmariensis.
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| 21. |
- Francke, W., et al.
(author)
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New type of sesiidae sex pheromone identified from the hornet moth Sesia apiformis
- 2004
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In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 30:4, s. 805-817
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two components of the female-produced sex pheromone of the hornet moth, Sesia apiformis, were identified as (3Z, 13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (3Z, 13Z-18:OH) and (2E, 13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dienal (2E, 13Z-18:Al), a pheromone structure new in Sesiidae. Pooled gland extracts showed the two major compounds in a proportion of ca. 2:3, while SPME-investigations on single calling females revealed a ratio of ca. 1:7. Although the single compounds were not attractive, a 2: 3 mixture proved to be highly active towards males in field tests. Small amounts of (2E, 13Z)-octadecadienol (2E, 13Z-18:OH) were found in the sex pheromone gland of females, however, the biological significance of the compound remains unclear. Methyl sulfide was found to readily react with 2-alkenals, providing an effective new method for the characterization of this type of compound upon GC/MS. The derivatives, 1,1,3-tris(methylthio)alkanes, are the products of the addition of methyl sulfide to the double bond and the transformation of the carbonyl group into the corresponding bis(methylthio)acetal. The mass spectra of these compounds are characterized by diagnostic signals at m/z 107 and/or m/z 121. These fragments represent the first carbon unit or the first two carbon units of the derivative, respectively. The parent signal in the spectra of thiomethyl derivatives of 2-alkenals showing no other double bonds is represented by m/z M+-121, formed upon loss of the first two carbon units. By employing a solution of methyl sulfide in dimethyl sulfide, the double bond positions in 2E, 13Z-18:Al could be fully characterized by GC/MS.
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| 22. |
- Hajkazemian, Melika, et al.
(author)
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Battleground midgut : The cost to the mosquito for hosting the malaria parasite
- 2021
-
In: Biology of the Cell. - : Wiley. - 0248-4900 .- 1768-322X. ; 113:2, s. 79-94
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In eco-evolutionary studies of parasite-host interactions, virulence is defined as a reduction in host fitness as a result of infection relative to an uninfected host. Pathogen virulence may either promote parasite transmission, when correlated with higher parasite replication rate, or decrease the transmission rate if the pathogen quickly kills the host. This evolutionary mechanism, referred to as 'trade-off' theory, proposes that pathogen virulence evolves towards a level that most benefits the transmission. It has been generally predicted that pathogens evolve towards low virulence in their insect vectors, mainly due to the high dependence of parasite transmission on their vector survival. Therefore, the degree of virulence which malaria parasites impose on mosquito vectors may depend on several external and internal factors. Here, we review briefly (i) the role of mosquito in parasite development, with a particular focus on mosquito midgut as the battleground between Plasmodium and the mosquito host. We aim to point out (ii) the histology of the mosquito midgut epithelium and its role in host defence against parasite's countermeasures in the three main battle sites, namely (a) the lumen (microbiota and biochemical environment), (b) the peritrophic membrane (physical barrier) and (c) the tubular epithelium including the basal membrane (physical and biochemical barrier). Lastly, (iii) we describe the impact which malaria parasite and its virulence factors have on mosquito fitness.
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| 23. |
- Iqbal, Sajid, et al.
(author)
-
Essential oils of four wild plants inhibit the blood seeking behaviour of female Aedes aegytpi
- 2023
-
In: Experimental parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4894 .- 1090-2449. ; 244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is an important vector of many disease-causing pathogens. An effective way to escape from these mosquito-borne diseases is to prevent mosquito bites. In the current study, essential oils of Lepidium pinnatifidum, Mentha longifolia, Origanum vulgare, and Agrimonia eupatoria were evaluated for their repellent potential against Ae. aegypti females. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation from freshly collected aerial parts of the plants and tested against 4–5 day old females of Ae. aegypti through the human bait technique for repellency and repellent longevity assays. The chemical composition of extracted essential oils was explored by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils of L. pinnatifidum, M. longifolia, O. vulgare, and A. eupatoria at a dose of 33 μg/cm2 showed 100%, 94%, 87%, and 83% mosquito repellent activity, respectively. Furthermore, M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils exhibited 100% repellency at a dose of 165 μg/cm2, whereas A. eupatoria essential oil showed 100% repellency only at 330 μg/cm2. In the time-span bioassay, M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils showed protection against Ae. aegypti bites for 90 and 75 min, respectively whereas both A. eupatoria and L. pinnatifidum were found active for 45 min. Phenylacetonitrile (94%), piperitone oxide (34%), carvacrol (20%) and α-pinene (62%) were the most abundant compounds in L. pinnatifidum, M. longifolia, O. vulgare and A. eupatoria essential oils, respectively. The current study demonstrates that M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils possess the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic chemicals to protect humans from mosquito bites.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Karalius, V., et al.
(author)
-
Sex attractants for six clearwing and tineid species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae and Tineidae) from Kazakhstan and Lithuania
- 2001
-
In: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES. - 0939-5075. ; 56:11-12, s. 1120-1125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sex attractants for 3 Sesiidae and 3 Tineidae moth species in West-Kazakhstan and Lithuania were discovered by field screening tests of (3Z,13Z)-, (3E,13Z)- and (2E,13Z)-octadecadien-1-ols and their acetates as well as of some binary mixtures of these compounds. Total amount of chemicals was 0.3 mg/dispenser. Males of Synanthedon serica were attracted by a 5:5 mixture of 3E,13Z-18:OAc and 2E,13Z-18:OAc, Chamaesphecia bibioniformis by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3E,13Z-18:OAc, Paranthrene tabaniformis by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E.13Z-18:OH, Tinea nonimella by a 1:9 mixture of 3E,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:OH, Monopis monachella by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:0H, and Nemaxera betulinella by a 9:1 mixture of 2E,13Z-18:OAc and the corresponding alcohol. The periods of attraction to the traps were registered for males of S. serica and Ch. bibioniformis and were found to occur at 15-18 and 15-17 o’clock. local time, respectively.
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| 26. |
- Karlson, Agnes M. L., et al.
(author)
-
Deposit-feeders accumulate the cyanobacterial toxin nodularin
- 2011
-
In: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9883 .- 1878-1470. ; 12, s. 77-81
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria may potentially affect food web productivity and even be a human health hazard. In the Baltic Sea, regularly occurring summer blooms of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are often dominated by Nodularia spumigena, which produces the potent hepatotoxin nodularin. Evidence of sedimentation of these blooms indicates that benthic fauna can be exposed to nodularin. In a one month experiment, we simulated the settling of a summer bloom dominated by N. spumigena in sediment microcosms with three species of sediment-dwelling, deposit-feeding macrofauna, the amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata and the bivalve Macoma balthica, and analyzed nodularin in the animals by HPLC-ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry). We found nodularin in quantities of 50-120ngg-1 DW. The results show that deposit-feeding macrofauna in the Baltic Sea may contribute to trophic transfer of nodularin.
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| 27. |
- Kumar, Sunjeet, et al.
(author)
-
Chemical Composition of Fresh Leaves Headspace Aroma and Essential Oils of Four Coriander Cultivars
- 2022
-
In: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aroma is one of the key food characteristics determining consumers' perception and acceptability of products. Coriandrum sativum L. is an aromatic herb commonly used as a food additive and taste enhancer. Besides the culinary applications, coriander is also used in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. In this study, we aimed to determine aroma composition of fresh chopped leaves and essential oils extracted from the leaves of four coriander cultivars. The essential oils were extracted from the fresh leaves using steam distillation and volatile aroma components were collected from the headspace by solid phase micro extraction technique. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Free radical scavenging activity of essential oils was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The essential oils were also investigated for their anti-microbial potential. The aroma of freshly chopped coriander leaves was characterized by thirteen compounds, including six aldehydes, four alcohols, one ester and one hydrocarbon. The essential oils were comprised of twenty-seven compounds, where (E)-2-decenal, decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal and (E)-2-tetradecenal were the main components in all cultivars. Free radical scavenging activity of the essential oil samples was in the range of 6-15%. The essential oils of Desi and Hybrid cultivars exhibited least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against all tested bacterial strains. Fresh green leaves of the Desi and Peshawari cultivars were found to be the richest in six carbon chain length alcohols and acetates, which are important constituents of the aroma giving a characteristic odor referred to as the "green note." The Hybrid cultivar showed the highest free radical scavenging activity, bearing the highest amount of antioxidants. The study revealed that the fresh leaves HS aroma of Desi and Hybrid cultivars were different, however, their essential oils possessed almost similar chemistry and anti-bacterial activity.
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| 28. |
- Lees, Rosemary Susan, et al.
(author)
-
Review : Improving our knowledge of male mosquito biology in relation to genetic control programmes
- 2014
-
In: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 132, s. S2-S11
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The enormous burden placed on populations worldwide by mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria and dengue, is currently being tackled by the use of insecticides sprayed in residences or applied to bednets, and in the case of dengue vectors through reduction of larval breeding sites or larviciding with insecticides thereof. However, these methods are under threat from, amongst other issues, the development of insecticide resistance and the practical difficulty of maintaining long-term community-wide efforts. The sterile insect technique (SIT), whose success hinges on having a good understanding of the biology and behaviour of the male mosquito, is an additional weapon in the limited arsenal against mosquito vectors. The successful production and release of sterile males, which is the mechanism of population suppression by SIT, relies on the release of mass-reared sterile males able to confer sterility in the target population by mating with wild females. A five year Joint FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project brought together researchers from around the world to investigate the pre-mating conditions of male mosquitoes (physiology and behaviour, resource acquisition and allocation, and dispersal), the mosquito mating systems and the contribution of molecular or chemical approaches to the understanding of male mosquito mating behaviour. A summary of the existing knowledge and the main novel findings of this group is reviewed here, and further presented in the reviews and research articles that form this Acta Tropica special issue.
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| 29. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Anti-aphrodisiac pheromone, a renewable signal in adult butterflies
- 2019
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The male butterfly Pieris napi produces the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone methyl salicylate (MeS) and transfers it to the female during mating. After mating she releases MeS, when courted by conspecific males, which decreases her attractiveness and the duration of male harassment, thus increasing her time available for egg-laying. In previous studies we have shown that males produced MeS from the amino acid L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) acquired during larval stage. In this study we show that adult males of P. napi can utilize L-Phe and aromatic flower volatiles as building blocks for production of anti-aphrodisiac pheromone and transfer it to females during mating. We demonstrate this by feeding butterflies with stable isotope labelled molecules mixed in sugar solutions, and, to mimic the natural conditions, we fed male butterflies with floral nectar of Bunias orientalis plants treated with labelled L-Phe. The volatiles from butterflies and plants were collected and identified by solid phase micro extraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Since P. napi is polygamous, males would gain from restoring the titre of MeS after mating and the use of aromatic precursors for production of MeS could be considered as an advantageous trait which could enable butterflies to relocate L-Phe for other needs.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas
(author)
-
Chemical communication in leaf mining moths of the genus phyllonorycter
- 2000
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Laboratory studies of pheromone release behaviour haverevealed that virgin females of all of the nine species of thegenus Phyllonorycter investigated demonstrated the samepheromone release posture. Their calling activity wasregistered at the beginning of the photophase. This is anunusual time for calling in moths. Our hypothesis is, that thisuncommon timing of the pheromone communication may have beencaused by the sensitivity of the males to sex attractionantagonists, released into the environment by females of otherspecies at other times of the day.The diurnal calling behaviour of virgin Ph. junoniellafemales was more pronounced under a cyclic thermal regime(close to the natural conditions) than under constanttemperature. We assume, that the occurrence of an extra peak inthe pheromone release behaviour as well as the extension of thecalling period to cover the larger part of the light period maybe adaptive for Ph. junoniella with a sex ratio stronglyshifted towards females (8:1 females to males), as it may leadto an increased proportion of males mated.It was found, that the leaf miner moth Ph. emberizaepenellareproduced by parthenogenesis of the thelytoky type. Despite acomplete lack of males, the females demonstrated a callingposture with a sex pheromone release with the typical diurnalrhythm of that behaviour. Theoretical speculations that in thelytoky, where there is no need to attract a sexual partner, thefemales benefit by reducing their sexual behaviour, was notconfirmed for Ph. emberizaepenella.Ten compounds used in the sex communication of fivephyllonoryctid species were identified from calling virginfemales: Z10-, Z8- and E10-14:OAc for Ph. acerifoliella;E10-12:OAc, 12:OAc and E10-12:OH for Ph. blancardella;E8,E10-14:OAc and E8,E10-14:OH for Ph. emberizaepenella;Z8-14:OAc, 14:OAc and Z8-14:OH for Ph.heegerella; as well asZ10-14:OAc for Ph. ulmifoliella. The Solid Phase MicroExtraction technique was applied for the first time to collecta sex pheromone from a single calling microlepidopteran femaleand our data clearly demonstrated the advantages of thismethod.Our field screening tests in Lithuania disclosed new sexattractants for five phyllonoryctid species: E10-12:OH for Ph.sorbi; E10-12:OAc for Ph. cydoniella and Ph.oxyacanthae;Z10-12:OAc for Ph. junoniella; as well as Z10-14:OAc in a 1:10mixture with E9-14:OAc for Ph. acerifoliella. The lattermixture was also found to be a potential sex attractant for Ph.coryli and Ph. heegerella.In addition, field trapping experiments revealed fourteensex attraction antagonists for males of seven Phyllonorycterspecies: E10-12:OH for Ph. acerifoliella and Ph.cydoniella;E10-12:OAc and Z10-14:OAc for Ph. heegerella; Z10-, E10-12:OHand E10-14:OH for Ph. mespilella; Z10-12:OH for Ph.oxyacanthae; Z7-, Z9- and Z10-12:OAc for Ph. sorbi; as well asZ8-, Z9-, E9-, E10- and E11-14:OAc for Ph.ulmifoliella.Schemes of probable interactions by means of allelochemicalsacting between Ph.blancardella and 7 other moth species, Ph.ulmifoliella and 414,Ph. sorbi and 243, Ph.mespilella and 11as well as Ph. acerifoliella and 7 other moth species arepresented.Basing both on our own results and on data published byothers, we conclude that the pheromones used by gracillariidshave appeared at a period lasting between the formation oflower and of higher Heteroneura.Key words: Phyllonorycter, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera, sexpheromone, sex attractant, sex attraction antagonist, callingbehaviour, calling posture, olfactometer, sex ratio,parthenogenesis, evolution, ecology, Solid Phase MicroExtraction.
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| 32. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Chemocommunication in Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (HBN.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) : Periodicity, Sex Pheromone, and Inhibitors
- 1997
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 23:1, s. 175-189
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- (Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate (Z10-14:OAc) from abdominal tip extracts of virgin females of the tentiform leafminer moth Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The biological activity of the component was confirmed by field tests with synthetic compounds. As a sex pheromone component this ester is novel both in the family Gracillariidae and in the superfamily Gracillarioidea. Field trapping of P. ulmifoliella with synthetic Z10-14:OAc at dosages of 1 and 0.2 mg/dispenser led to catches of approximately 9000 and 3000 male moths, respectively. The attractivity of the Z10-14:OAc was strongly inhibited by a 10% admixture of either (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (E9-14:OAc), or (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). Addition of 10% (E)-10-tetradecenyl acetate (E10-14:OAc) to the sex pheromone reduced attractivity, but significantly less than the inhibitors previously mentioned. The pheromone releasing (or ‘’calling”) behavior of virgin P. ulmifoliella females was recorded under laboratory conditions. Calling activity started about half an hour before lights-on and the maximum number of calling females was registered half an hour after the start of photophase. A high level of pheromone releasing activity lasted for about 2 hr and ceased about 5 hr after the start of photophase. Chemocommunication activity in the light period of day is assumed to be an adaptation which allows this phyllonoryctid to avoid inhibitors emitted as pheromones by many other species. A scheme of probable interactions by means of semiochemicals between P. ulmifoliella and other lepidopterans is presented and the appearance of Z10-14:OAc as a sex pheromone component in Lepidoptera during evolution of the order is discussed.
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| 33. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Composition of Strawberry Floral Volatiles and their Effects on Behavior of Strawberry Blossom Weevil,Anthonomus rubi
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Nature. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 46:11-12, s. 1069-1081
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW),Anthonomus rubi, is a major pest in strawberry fields throughout Europe. Traps baited with aggregation pheromone are used for pest monitoring. However, a more effective lure is needed. For a number of pests, it has been shown that the attractiveness of a pheromone can be enhanced by host plant volatiles. The goal of this study was to explore floral volatile blends of different strawberry species (Fragaria x ananassaandFragaria vesca) to identify compounds that might be used to improve the attractiveness of existing lures for SBW. Floral emissions ofF. x a.varieties Sonata, Beltran, Korona, and ofF. vesca, were collected by both solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dynamic headspace sampling on Tenax. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed the floral volatiles ofF. x ananassa.andF. vescawere dominated by aromatic compounds and terpenoids, with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (p-anisaldehyde) and alpha-muurolene the major compounds produced by the two species, respectively. Multi-dimensional scaling analyses separated the blends of the two species and explained differences betweenF. vescagenotypes and, to some degree, variation betweenF. x ananassavarieties In two-choice behavioral tests, SBW preferred odors of flowering strawberry plants to those of non-flowering plants, but weevils did not discriminate between odors fromF. x ananassaandF. vescaflowering plants. Adding blends of six synthetic flower volatiles to non-flowering plants of both species increased the preference of SBW for these over the plants alone. When added individually to non-flowering plants, none of the components increased the preference of SBW, indicating a synergistic effect. However, SBW responded to 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, a major component of volatiles fromF. viridis, previously found to synergize the attractiveness of the SBW aggregation pheromone in field studies.
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| 34. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamics of putative sex pheromone components during heat periods in estrus-induced cows
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Dairy Science. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 100:9, s. 7686-7695
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Determination of the optimal insemination time in dairy cows is vital for fertilization success and is a challenging task due to silent or weak signs of estrus shown by some cows. This can be overcome by combining several estrus detection methods, leading to higher detection rates. However, an efficient, noninvasive method for detecting estrus in cows is still needed. Chemical cues released by the cow during estrus have been proposed to have pheromonal properties and signal readiness to mate to the bull. Such cues could be used in an industrial setting to detect cows in estrus. However, no conclusive published data show temporal changes in putative sex pheromone levels during estrus. The goal of this study was to determine the temporal pattern of putative sex pheromone components during estrus and to assess the reproducibility of changes in pheromone concentration with respect to ovulation time. Two injections of the hormone PGF(2 alpha) were administered over a 2-wk interval to induce and synchronize the estrous cycles of 6 Holstein cows. The precise time of ovulation was determined by means of an ultrasound technique, and estrus was determined by visual observation. Using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we showed that acetic and propionic acids, which have been proposed to be putative sex pheromone components in cows, were present in the headspaces of all estrous and diestrous fecal samples, whereas 1-iodoundecane was not detected by solid-phase microextraction or by solvent extraction with diethyl ether. Low levels of acids were observed until 1 d before ovulation, at which point their concentrations increased, peaking around 0.5 d before ovulation. The application of labeled synthetic standards revealed that during the peak of release, 36 +/- 8 ng (average +/- SD) of acetic acid and 10 +/- 3 ng of propionic acid were present in 0.5-g samples of estrous-phase fecal matter compared with 19 +/- 5 and 2.3 +/- 1 ng of acetic and propionic acids, respectively, in the control diestrous samples. After the peak, the amounts of the compounds decreased sharply to match those of the control samples and afterward returned to the baseline readings. This decrease in the amounts of putative pheromone components was registered about 12 h before ovulation, indicating that acetic and propionic acids could be used as biomarkers for the electronic detection of ovulation.
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| 35. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Hippophae rhamnoides berry related Pichia kudriavzevii yeast volatiles modify behaviour of Rhagoletis batava flies
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Advanced Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2090-1232 .- 2090-1224. ; 21, s. 71-77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as olfactory cues for finding feeding and oviposition sites. The yeast strain SB-16-15 was isolated from spontaneous fermentation of Hippophae rhamnoides berries and identified as Pichia kudriavzevii. Thirty-nine volatiles were sampled from the headspace of P. kudriavzevii yeasts by solid phase micro extraction and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Ten of those volatiles elicited antennal responses of Rhagoletis batava flies, one of the most serious pest of H. rhamnoides berries. In the two-choice experiments, R. batava flies preferred the mixture composed of nine synthetic compounds analogous to electroanntenographic active volatiles released by the yeasts compare to the solvent control. Female flies were significantly attracted to the mixture at the concentration 0.1 mu L mL(-1) and showed no preference to the mixture at the Peer concentration 1 mu L mL(-1) versus control while males reacted positively to the synthetic blend at the concentration 1 mu L mL(-1). Herein, for the first time, behaviour modifying effect of H. rhamnoides berry related yeast volatiles was shown suggesting these semiochemicals have potential in use for monitoring R. batava flies.
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| 36. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of minor sex pheromone components of the poplar clearwing moth Paranthrene tabaniformis (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)
- 2007
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 62:1-2, s. 138-142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A chemical analysis of the crude sex pheromone gland extracts of virgin calling Paranthrene tabaniformis females, obtained from the European, part of Kazakhstan, revealed the presence of five compounds: (3E,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (E3,Z13-18:OH), (3Z,13Z)octadeca-3,13-dien-l-ol (Z3,Z13-18:OH), (2E,13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dien-1-ol (E2,Z13-18:OH), (13Z)-octadec-13-en-1-ol (Z13-18:OH), and octadecan-1-ol (18:OH) at the ratios 64.0:32.4: 1.4:0.9:1.3, which are structurally related to sex pheromone components of clearwing moths. Our previous field tests showed synergistic effects of Z3,Z13-18:OH and E2,Z13-18:OH to attract P tabaniformis males, when these compounds were tested in binary mixtures with the known sex pheromone E3,Z13-18:OH. The three dienic alcohols should all be considered as sex pheromone components of the P tabaniformis species, while the role of Z13-18:OH and 18:011 remained unclear.
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| 37. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Intra- and Interspecific Activities of Semiochemicals from the Sex Pheromone Gland of the Welsh Clearwing, Synanthedon Scoliaeformis
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 39:8, s. 1066-1069
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of the sex pheromone gland of virgin Synanthedon scoliaeformis females by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed six compounds structurally related to sex pheromone components of other clearwing moths: (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc), (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol, octadecanol acetate, octadecanol, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z3,Z13-18:OAc), and (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate. Trapping tests demonstrated that E2,Z13-18:OAc is the sex pheromone of S. scoliaeformis and is essential for attracting males; addition of the other compounds did not enhance catch. Synanthedon scoliaeformis and S. tipuliformis are the only Palearctic clearwing moths whose distribution range and seasonal flight periods overlap and that are known to use E2,Z13-18:OAc in sex pheromonal communication. Hourly monitoring of male catches in traps revealed that sex pheromone communication in S. scoliaeformis and S. tipuliformis species follows different diurnal patterns. Z3,Z13-18:OAc, found in S. scoliaeformis females, is a known behavioral antagonist against S. tipuliformis males, while (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, a minor sex pheromone component of S. tipuliformis, is an antagonist against S. scoliaeformis males. The effect of sex pheromones and antagonists, combined with different diurnal mate searching times, contribute to the specificity of sex communication channels in these two clearwing moth species.
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| 38. |
- Mozūraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species
- 2020
-
In: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Nature Research. - 2397-334X. ; 4:10, s. 1395-1401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accumulating behavioural data indicate that aggregation pheromones may mediate the formation and maintenance of mosquito swarms. However, chemical cues possibly luring mosquitoes to swarms have not been adequately investigated, and the likely molecular incitants of these complex reproductive behaviours remain unknown. Here we show that males of the important malaria vector species Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae produce and release aggregation pheromones that attract individuals to the swarm and enhance mating success. We found that males of both species released significantly higher amounts of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone), octanal, nonanal and decanal during swarming in the laboratory. Feeding males with stable-isotope-labelled glucose revealed that the males produced these five compounds. A blend composed of synthetic analogues to these swarming odours proved highly attractive to virgin males and females of both species under laboratory conditions and substantially increased mating in five African malaria vectors (An. gambiae,An. coluzzii,An. arabiensis,An. merus and An. funestus) in semi-field experiments. Our results not only narrow a conspicuous gap in understanding a vital aspect of the chemical ecology of male mosquitoes but also demonstrate fundamental roles of rhythmic and metabolic genes in the physiology and behavioural regulation of these vectors. These identified aggregation pheromones have great potential for exploitation against these highly dangerous insects. Manipulating such pheromones could increase the efficacy of malaria-vector control programmes.
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| 39. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
New sex attractants and inhibitors for 17 moth species from the families Gracillariidae, Tortricidae, Yponomeutidae, Oecophoridae, Pyralidae and Gelechiidae
- 1998
-
In: Journal of applied entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 122:8, s. 441-452
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Field screening tests of 21 saturated and monounsaturated straight chain C-12 and C-14 alcohols and their acetates as well as some binary mixtures in dosages of 1 and 0.2 mg/dispenser were carried out in Lithuanian in 1993 and 1994. New sex attractants were determined for males of five moth species of the family Gracillariidae (E10-12:OH for Phyllonorycter soi bi, E10-12Ac for Ph. cydoniella and Ph. oxyacanthae, Z10-12:OAc for Ph. junoniella, and a mixture of Z10-14:OAc with E9-14:OAc in a 1:10 for Pit. sylvella), for four species of the family Tortricidae (E10-14:OAc for Endothenia ericetana, Z10-14:OAc in a 10:1 mixture with E11-14:OAc for Eudemis pozphyrana, E11-14:OAc in a 10:1 mixture with E11-14:OH for Dichrorampha petiverella and Cochylis dubitana), for two species of Gelechiidae (Z9-14:OAc in a mixture with either Z10-14:OAc in a ratio 1:1, E9-14:OAc in a ratio 1:10 or E10-14:OAc in a ratio 10:1 for Bryotropha galbanella, Z10-14:OAc and E9-14:OAc in a ratio 10:1 for B. mundella), as well as for one species of each of the families Yponomeutidae (Z7-14:OAc for Paraswammerdamia lutarea) and Oecophoridae (Z10-14:OAc and E9-14:OAc in a ratio 10:1 for Pseudatemelia josephinae). Preliminary composition of sex attractants was established for three moth species of the family Gracillariidae (Z10-14:OAc in a 1.10 mixture with E9-14:OAc for Phyllonorycter heegerella, Ph. coryli and Ph. dubitella) and for one species of the family Gelechiidae (Z9-14:OAc for Bryotropha terella). Inhibitors of the sex attractants were found for four leafminer species of the family Gracillariidae (Z7-, Z9- and Z10-12:OAc for Phyllonorycter sorbi, Z10-, E10-12:OH and E10-14:OH for Ph. mespilella, E10-12:OH for Ph. cydoniella, Z10-12:OH and E10-14:OH for Ph. oxyacanthae), for three species of Tortricidae (E9-, Z11- and E11-14:OAc for Endothenia ericetana, E11-14:OAc for Gypsonoma minutana, E10- and E11-14:OAc for Epagoge grotiana), and for one species from the family Pyralidae (Z10-, E10- and E11-14:OAc for Pyrausta aurata). Data from male behaviour tests in tube olfactometers are presented for Phyllonorycter blancardella, Ph. sorbi, Ph. dubitella and Ph. strigulatella and active compounds revealed.
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| 40. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
New sex attractants for five Chamaesphecia species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from the Ukraine and Turkmenistan
- 1999
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 54:3-4, s. 253-258
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Field screening tests of (3Z,13Z)- and (3E,13Z)-octadecadienols, (2Z,13Z)- and (2E,13Z) octadecadienols and their acetates as well as some binary mixtures of these compounds in dosages of 0.5 mg/dispenser were carried out in the Crimea, the Ukraine, and in the West Kopetdag mountains, Turkmenistan, in 1989-1993. New sex attractants for five clearwing moth species of the genus Chamaesphecia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) were discovered. Males of Ch. chalciformis were attracted by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:OAc, Ch. schmidtiformis by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3Z,13Z-18:OH in the Ukraine as well as in the ratios 9:1 and 1:1 in Turkmenistan, Ch. mezentzevi by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and the corresponding alcohol, Ch. zimmermanni by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3E,13Z-18:OH, and Ch. specia nova in Turkmenistan by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc. Two inhibitors, 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc, of the sex attractant were found for Ch. zimmermanni. The periods of attraction to the traps were registered for males of Ch. zimmermanni and Ch. specia nova and were found to occur at 19(00)-21(00) and 14(30)-17(00) local time, respectively. Males of Ch. chalciformis and Ch. schmidtiformis were attracted to the traps in the afternoon.
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| 41. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Nonvolatile Chemical Cues Affect Host-Plant Ranking by Gravid Polygonia c-album Females
- 2012
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 67:1-2, s. 93-102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a multiple-choice test, the preference of egg-laying Polygonia c-album (comma butterfly) females was studied for oviposition on plants bearing surrogate leaves treated with crude methanol extracts obtained from leaves of seven host-plant species: Humulus lupulus, Urtica dioica, Ulmus glabra, Salix caprea, Ribes nigrum, Corylus avellana, and Betula pubescens. The ranking order of surrogate leaves treated with host-plant extracts corresponded well to that reported on natural foliage, except R. nigrum. Thus, host-plant choice in P c-album seems to be highly dependent on chemical cues. Moreover, after two subsequent fractionations using reversed-phase chromatography the nonvolatile chemical cues residing in the most polar water-soluble fractions evidently provided sufficient information for egg-laying females to discriminate and rank between the samples of more and less preferred plants, since the ranking in these assays was similar to that for natural foliage or whole methanol extracts, while the physical traits of the surrogate leaves remained uniform.
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| 42. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
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Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction Sampling for Analysis of Volatile Compounds Emitted from Oestrous Urine of Mares
- 2010
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 65:1-2, s. 127-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was applied and optimized for collection of volatile compounds emitted from oestrous urine of mares Equs cabalus L (Perissodactyla, Equidae) for GC-MS analyses. Variables Such as type Of SPMF fibre, Collection time of volatiles, and addition of salt were optimized to improve the sampling efficiency ill two aspects: extent and selectivity of absorption/adsorption Of urine volatiles onto SPME fibres. The data revealed that the number of volatiles and the total amount represented as quantitative peak areas of the compounds trapped oil fibres coated either with polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene or with divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane were significantly higher compared to those coated with polydimethylsiloxane. polyacrylate, and carbowax-divinylbenzene. The polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene-type of the fibre coating was chosen for optimization of sampling time and effect of salt addition. Sampling periods lasted for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The optimal collection time of volatiles from urine maintained at about 36 degrees C was 60 min, as the number Of compounds detected with amounts Sufficient for quantification did not differ significantly from those trapped during longer collection periods. No significant increase in total amount of volatiles trapped was registered after 120 min of sampling. Addition Of 0.3 g NaCl to the 2-ml of samples shortened the collection period from 60 to 15 min during which almost all compounds were trapped. Addition of salt has a significant effect at all sampling periods taking into consideration the total amounts Of volatiles trapped. The total intensities increased about 8, 5, 3, 3, and 2 times at collection periods of 15, 30 60, 120, and 240 min, respectively, when compare with the ones obtained from the urine samples with no salt addition. In oestrous mare's urine. 139 +/- 4 (average number standard +/- deviation) volatile compounds Suitable for quantitative analyses were detected compared to 45 compounds collected by the gas-tight syndrome method.
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| 43. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
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p- and m-Cresols emitted from estrous urine are reliable volatile chemical markers of ovulation in mares
- 2012
-
In: Animal Reproduction Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4320 .- 1873-2232. ; 130:1-2, s. 51-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urine samples from 14 mares, belonging to five breeds, were collected at estrus and diestrus to search for estrous specific volatile compounds which could be used to determine ovulation time. Around 150 volatiles were collected from urine head-space samples by solid phase micro extraction technique, and analyses were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Comparison of chromatographic profiles of volatile substances revealed that concentrations of m- and p-cresols were significantly greater during estrus while diethylphthalate was more abundant at diestrus. Monitoring of m- and p-cresols during the period of estrus and a few days before and after estrus revealed irregular changes in amounts of cresols until 3-4 days before ovulation when the concentration of the compounds began to increase with peaks 1 day before ovulation. On the day when ovulation occurred, amounts of the metabolites decreased sharply, almost to basal concentrations, and remained at these concentrations for 6 days - when sampling was finished. In four of the mares changes in the concentration of diethylphthalate were less pronounced and more temporally variable compared with those of cresols. Based on reproducible temporal changes in concentrations of m- and p-cresols, with respect to the time of ovulation, a noninvasive test to determine a precise insemination time could occur. This would save time, reduce costs and simplify the procedure.
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| 44. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Pheromone release behaviour in females of Phyllonorycter junoniella (Z.) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) under constant and cycling temperatures
- 2006
-
In: Journal of insect behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-7553 .- 1572-8889. ; 19:1, s. 129-142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The calling activity of virgin Phyllonorycter junoniella (Z.) females under a cycling thermal regime differed from that under constant temperature in the following ways: the percentage of females calling at the morning activity peak was increased; the morning period of calling activity was prolonged; the total period of calling activity of an individual female was increased; an extra peak of activity occurred at the end of the photophase, and females changed the calling pattern during the active period. We assume that the occurrence of two calling peaks and the extension of the calling period might be adaptive for a Ph. junoniella species with a sex ratio strongly shifted towards females (8:1 females:males), as it could lead to an increased proportion of females mated.
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| 45. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, 1963-
(author)
-
Pheromone release behaviour in females of Phyllonorycter strigulatella (Lien. & Z.) and Ph. sorbi (Frr.) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) under cycling temperature
- 2006
-
In: Ekologija. - Lithuania : Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. - 0235-7224. ; 52:4, s. 7-11
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The pheromone release postures of virgin Phyllonorycter strigulatella andPh. sorbi females were very similar to those of other species of the samegenus with antennae held close to the wings, which were slightly spread andlowered, the abdominal tip dorsally curved and the distal segments extended.In both species with equal sex ratios, one peak of signalling activity wasregistered 0.5 h after the light had been put on and when 84% of Ph. strigulatellaand 90% of Ph. sorbi individuals were active. The high pheromonerelease behaviour with 50% active females lasted for two hours. The callingactivity of the group of females was about 6 h/day for both species. The totalperiod of calling activity of an individual female lasted for 131 ± 62 min(mean ± SD) and 145 ± 73 min a day for Ph. strigulatella and Ph. sorbirespectively. The occurrence of one signalling peak per day in the specieswith equal sex ratios as found in Ph. strigulatella and Ph. sorbi, supportedthe hypothesis that pheromone release activity with a clear presence of twoactivity peaks during a photophase could be adaptive for species with a sexratio strongly shifted towards females, as in Ph. junoniella.
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| 46. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Sex pheromone communication of tentiform leaf-miners Phyllonorycter insignitella and Ph. nigrescentella from two related species groups
- 2008
-
In: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 18:3, s. 171-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Females of both species start their pheromone-releasing activity on the second day after emergence at the beginning of the photophase. During the present work, a peak of calling activity with close to 100% of active Ph. nigrescentella females was registered 1.5 hour after the light had been put on. The high pheromone release behaviour with 50% active females lasted for 3 hours. The calling activity of the group of females was about 6 h/day. The beginning of a photophase under laboratory conditions or an early morning in nature is a common period for sex pheromone release in the genus Phyllonorycter. (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8Z,10E-14:Ac), (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol (8Z,10E-14:OH) and (8E,10Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8E,10Z-14:Ac) in the ratio 96:4:traces as well as 8Z,10E-14:Ac and 8Z,10E-14:OH in the ratio 88:12 collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) were found to be specific for the calling periods of virgin Phyllonorycter insignitella and Ph. nigrescentella females respectively. Field trapping experiments demonstrated that all three compounds are important for the attraction of Ph. insignitella males while only 8Z,10E-14:Ac is the essential sex pheromone component for Ph. nigrescentella. The pheromone activity of all three compounds is reported for the first time. Addition of either 8Z,10E-14:OH or 8E,10Z-14:Ac to 8Z,10E-14:Ac did not have a significant effect on the attraction of Ph. nigrescentella males, while the efficiency of the three component blend was 5 times lower as compared to that of 8Z,10E-14:Ac. Our data demonstrate that 8Z,10E-14:OH and 8E,10Z-14:Ac play a dual function, they are minor sex pheromone components of Ph. insignitella essential for attraction of conspecific males and show an allelochemical, antagonistic effect on Ph. nigrescentella males and, thus, ensuring specificity of the mate location signal in two related Phyllonorycter species.
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| 47. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Sex pheromone of the spotted tentiform leafminer moth Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) (Lep., Gracillariidae)
- 1999
-
In: Journal of applied entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 123:10, s. 603-606
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dodecyl acetate (12:OAc) (E)-10-dodecenyl acetate (E10-12:OAc) and (E)-10-dodecenol (E10-12:OH) in the ratio 8:80:12 were collected by solid phase micro-extraction of the volatiles emitted by virgin signalling females of the spotted tentiform leafminer moth, Phyllonorycter blancardella. The same compounds in the ratio 8:79:13 were extracted from the sex pheromone glands of virgin signalling females of the same species. The chemical structures of the compounds were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Trapping results obtained from field tests using synthetic components of the sex pheromone demonstrated that only one component, E10-12:OAc, was essential for the attraction of conspecific males and should be considered as a sex pheromone.
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| 48. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(author)
-
Volatiles released from foliar extract of host plant enhance landing rates of gravid Polygonia c-album females, but do not stimulate oviposition
- 2016
-
In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 158:3, s. 275-283
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of olfactory cues for host search is much less investigated in day-active butterflies than in their relatives, the nocturnal moths. The goal of this study was to investigate whether host-plant volatiles from foliar extracts of hop, Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), evoke electroantennographic (EAG) responses, increase landing rates, and stimulate egg-laying behavior of gravid Polygonia c-album L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) females. Eighty-nine volatile compounds were detected in a non-concentrated methanol extract of hop by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 11 of which elicited an EAG response. Concentration of the crude extract significantly reduced landing rates on artificial leaves treated with the sample due to loss of volatile compounds, but after landing the oviposition response of gravid females was not affected. A mixture of eight commercially available EAG-active volatiles increased the landing rate of gravid females to their source but did not act as oviposition stimulants. Dividing the volatile compounds into two groups - consisting of (1) hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, and (2) sulcatone, humulene, and benzyl alcohol - obliterated effectiveness, revealing synergism between compounds. Although volatiles did not stimulate oviposition, they significantly contributed to the distribution of eggs by increasing the landing rates on treated artificial leaves.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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