| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Wilson, S. K., et al.
(author)
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Crucial knowledge gaps in current understanding of climate change impacts on coral reef fishes
- 2010
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In: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 213:6, s. 894-900
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Expert opinion was canvassed to identify crucial knowledge gaps in current understanding of climate change impacts on coral reef fishes. Scientists that had published three or more papers on the effects of climate and environmental factors on reef fishes were invited to submit five questions that, if addressed, would improve our understanding of climate change effects on coral reef fishes. Thirty-three scientists provided 155 questions, and 32 scientists scored these questions in terms of: (i) identifying a knowledge gap, (ii) achievability, (iii) applicability to a broad spectrum of species and reef habitats, and (iv) priority. Forty-two per cent of the questions related to habitat associations and community dynamics of fish, reflecting the established effects and immediate concern relating to climate-induced coral loss and habitat degradation. However, there were also questions on fish demographics, physiology, behaviour and management, all of which could be potentially affected by climate change. Irrespective of their individual expertise and background, scientists scored questions from different topics similarly, suggesting limited bias and recognition of a need for greater interdisciplinary and collaborative research. Presented here are the 53 highest-scoring unique questions. These questions should act as a guide for future research, providing a basis for better assessment and management of climate change impacts on coral reefs and associated fish communities.
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| 3. |
- Nicol, S., et al.
(author)
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Ocean Futures for the World’s Largest Yellowfin Tuna Population Under the Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impacts of climate change are expected to have profound effects on the fisheries of the Pacific Ocean, including its tuna fisheries, the largest globally. This study examined the combined effects of climate change on the yellowfin tuna population using the ecosystem model SEAPODYM. Yellowfin tuna fisheries in the Pacific contribute significantly to the economies and food security of Pacific Island Countries and Territories and Oceania. We use an ensemble of earth climate models to project yellowfin populations under a high greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC RCP8.5) scenario, which includes, the combined effects of a warming ocean, increasing acidification and changing ocean chemistry. Our results suggest that the acidification impact will be smaller in comparison to the ocean warming impact, even in the most extreme ensemble member scenario explored, but will have additional influences on yellowfin tuna population dynamics. An eastward shift in the distribution of yellowfin tuna was observed in the projections in the model ensemble in the absence of explicitly accounting for changes in acidification. The extent of this shift did not substantially differ when the three-acidification induced larval mortality scenarios were included in the ensemble; however, acidification was projected to weaken the magnitude of the increase in abundance in the eastern Pacific. Together with intensive fishing, these potential changes are likely to challenge the global fishing industry as well as the economies and food systems of many small Pacific Island Countries and Territories. The modelling framework applied in this study provides a tool for evaluating such effects and informing policy development.
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| 4. |
- Pastorello, A., et al.
(author)
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Forbidden hugs in pandemic times I. Luminous red nova AT 2019zhd, a new merger in M 31
- 2021
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 646
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the follow-up campaign of the luminous red nova (LRN) AT 2019zhd, the third event of this class observed in M 31. The object was followed by several sky surveys for about five months before the outburst, during which it showed a slow luminosity rise. In this phase, the absolute magnitude ranged from M-r=-2.8 +/- 0.2 mag to M-r=-5.6 +/- 0.1 mag. Then, over a four to five day period, AT 2019zhd experienced a major brightening, reaching a peak of M-r=-9.61 +/- 0.08 mag and an optical luminosity of 1.4x10(39) erg s(-1). After a fast decline, the light curve settled onto a short-duration plateau in the red bands. Although less pronounced, this feature is reminiscent of the second red maximum observed in other LRNe. This phase was followed by a rapid linear decline in all bands. At maximum, the spectra show a blue continuum with prominent Balmer emission lines. The post-maximum spectra show a much redder continuum, resembling that of an intermediate-type star. In this phase, H alpha becomes very weak, H beta is no longer detectable, and a forest of narrow absorption metal lines now dominate the spectrum. The latest spectra, obtained during the post-plateau decline, show a very red continuum (T-eff approximate to 3000 K) with broad molecular bands of TiO, similar to those of M-type stars. The long-lasting, slow photometric rise observed before the peak resembles that of LRN V1309 Sco, which was interpreted as the signature of the common-envelope ejection. The subsequent outburst is likely due to the gas outflow following a stellar merging event. The inspection of archival HST images taken 22 years before the LRN discovery reveals a faint red source (M-F555W=0.21 +/- 0.14 mag, with F555W-F814W=2.96 +/- 0.12 mag) at the position of AT 2019zhd, which is the most likely quiescent precursor. The source is consistent with expectations for a binary system including a predominant M5-type star.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Byrne, Liam, et al.
(author)
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls using Biaryl 2,5-Diphenylphospholanes as Ligands for Palladium-Catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions
- 2021
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In: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1615-4150 .- 1615-4169. ; 363:1, s. 259-267
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we describe the development of biaryl 2,5-diphenylphospholanes as a new class of C-2-symmetric, monodentate ligands for asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura (ASM) reactions. Screening of a series of exemplary phospholanes led to the identification of two ligands that were used to prepare a range of atropisomeric biaryl and heterobiaryl products with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 e.r.) under mild conditions. DFT studies suggest that the formation of a constraining ligand pocket and coordination of one of the biaryl methoxy groups in the optimised ligands to the metal centre is crucial for restricting conformational freedom in the bond-forming step.
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| 7. |
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| 10. |
- Munday, D., et al.
(author)
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Supersonic turbojet noise reduction
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Aeroacoustics. - 1475-472X. ; 12:3, s. 215-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observations and Large Eddy Simulations are presented of a supersonic jet from a nozzle representative of high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. The nozzle has a design Mach number of 1.56 and is examined at its design condition with a surrounding secondary flow at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.3. The nozzle is investigated in its unmodified state and also with the addition of chevrons and microjets. Detailed flow-field velocity measurements of the jets and far-field noise measurements are presented and the noise results are scaled to represent the effects of the chevrons and microjets on airport neighbors. Chevrons and internal fluidic injection by microjets each reduce the noise generated by the main jet. And substantially reduce the noise footprint around the airport. The numerical simulation technique, correctly predicts the flow and noise not only the baseline case, but also the noise reduction by both chevrons and microjects.
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| 11. |
- Munday, D., et al.
(author)
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Techniques for supersonic turbojet noise reduction
- 2012
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In: ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012; Copenhagen; Denmark; 11 June 2012 through 15 June 2012. - 9780791844670 ; 1, s. 51-56
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observations and simulations are presented of a supersonic jet from a nozzle representative of high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. The nozzle has a design Mach number of 1.56 and is examined at its design condition with a surrounding secondary flow at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.3. Chevrons and internal fluidic injection by microjets each reduce the noise generated by the main jet. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.
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| 12. |
- Olander Burak, Markus, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Supersonic Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
- 2012
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In: AIAA Journal. - 1533-385X .- 0001-1452. ; 50:7, s. 1462-1475
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experiments and large eddy simulations of a conical convergent divergent nozzle, similar to the nozzles employed on high-performance tactical jets, have been carried out. The nozzle has been studied at a slightly overexpanded condition with a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 (a design nozzle pressure ratio 4.1). The primary nozzle is surrounded by a secondary jet operated at three different conditions: Mach 0.1, 0.3, and 0.8. This secondary jet provides a rough forward-flight simulation over a limited axial range. It has been found that the shock pattern in the jet plume is directly influenced by the secondary jet Mach number due to the outer geometric shape of the nozzle. As the flow follows the boat-tail, it locally increases the pressure, making the nozzle operate in a more overexpanded condition. Large eddy simulations of a primary jet with forward flight fully simulated are in very good agreement with the experiments regarding both flow and acoustics. A numerical investigation of screech mode character for the case with the lowest secondary flow Mach number has been made. This shows that the screech mode is mainly built up by two counter-rotating modes with a tangential mode number of I. In the numerical simulations, additional flow-adaptive dissipation has been added in order to stabilize the solution around the shocks. The effect on the flow and acoustics is found to be very small if a shock sensor combined with a damping threshold is used.
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