| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
-
- 2013
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 110:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2014
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Adamik, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of the Severeness Rate, Death Rate, Household Attack Rate and the Total Number of COVID-19 Cases Based on 16 115 Polish Surveillance Records
- 2020
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Estimating the actual number of COVID-19 infections is crucial for steering through the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It is, however, notoriously difficult, as many cases have no or only mild symptoms. Surveillance data for in-household secondary infections offers unbiased samples for COVID-19 prevalence estimation.Methods: We analyse 16 115 Polish surveillance records to obtain key figures of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose conservative upper and lower bound estimators for the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Further, we estimate age-dependent bounds on the severe case rate, death rate, and the in-household attack rate.Results: By maximum likelihood estimates, the total number of COVID-19 cases in Poland as of July 22nd, 2020, is at most around 13 times larger and at least 1.6 times larger than the recorded number. The lower bound on the severeness rate ranges between 0.2% for the 0–39 year-old to 5.7% for older than 80, while the upper bound is between 2.6% and 34.1%. The lower bound on the death rate is between 0.04% for the age group 40–59 to 1.34% for the oldest. Overall, the severeness and death rates grow exponentially with age. The in-household attack ratio is 8.18% for the youngest group and 16.88% for the oldest.Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lee, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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Fear of sex : sexual conflict exposed as avoidance in a parthenogenetic invertebrate
- 2021
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In: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 75:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: Males and females often have divergent evolutionary interests, generating sexual conflicts. This is particularly true in organisms that exhibit facultative sexuality, whereby females are capable of reproducing without fitness costs of mating. Here, we provide the first documented evidence with quantitative tracking showing that sex interacts with social context to determine space-use of females, in a pattern resembling predator avoidance. To achieve this, we labelled Daphnia magna with fluorescent nanoparticles and utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record pairs of individuals swimming. The recordings comprised either same-sex or opposite-sex pairings. We found that females swam faster, deeper, more horizontally, and more linearly when exposed to males than when exposed to females. Simultaneously, we found that male behavior did not differ depending on swimming partner and, importantly, we observed no sexual dimorphism in swimming behaviors when swimming with the same sex. Our results suggest that the presence of males in a population has the potential to influence the distribution of individuals, similarly to known threats, such as predation. This highlights that sexual conflict has clear spatial consequences and should be considered in such ecological frameworks, like the Landscape of Fear (LOF) concept. In a broader context, the connection of the evolutionary and social concept of sexual conflict and the ecological concept of LOF may improve our understanding of population dynamics and the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals in natural ecosystems. Significance statement: Despite the wealth of studies that detail how predators affect their prey’s spatial behaviors, studies on the role of sex and social context on spatial behavior are rare. Addressing this dearth of information, we studied the swimming behaviors of an organism that can reproduce with or without sex, when exposed to an individual of either the same or opposite sex. We found no difference between the sexes in swimming behaviors; however, we revealed that females avoided males by swimming deeper in the water column, reminiscent of the response to predation. Our results highlight that social conflict between the sexes strongly affects the demographics of a population and may therefore have a substantial role in the spatial ecology of organisms in the wild.
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| 8. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 9. |
- Campbell, JD, et al.
(author)
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Peptide immunotherapy in allergic asthma generates IL-10-dependent immunological tolerance associated with linked epitope suppression
- 2009
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In: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 206:7, s. 1535-1547
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment of patients with allergic asthma using low doses of peptides containing T cell epitopes from Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, reduces allergic sensitization and improves surrogate markers of disease. Here, we demonstrate a key immunological mechanism, linked epitope suppression, associated with this therapeutic effect. Treatment with selected epitopes from a single allergen resulted in suppression of responses to other (“linked”) epitopes within the same molecule. This phenomenon was induced after peptide immunotherapy in human asthmatic subjects and in a novel HLA-DR1 transgenic mouse model of asthma. Tracking of allergen-specific T cells using DR1 tetramers determined that suppression was associated with the induction of interleukin (IL)-10+ T cells that were more abundant than T cells specific for the single-treatment peptide and was reversed by anti–IL-10 receptor administration. Resolution of airway pathophysiology in this model was associated with reduced recruitment, proliferation, and effector function of allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our results provide, for the first time, in vivo evidence of linked epitope suppression and IL-10 induction in both human allergic disease and a mouse model designed to closely mimic peptide therapy in humans.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Corneille, Olivier, et al.
(author)
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POINT OF VIEW Beware ‘persuasive communication devices’ when writing and reading scientific articles
- 2023
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In: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Authors rely on a range of devices and techniques to attract and maintain the interest of readers, and to convince them of the merits of the author’s point of view. However, when writing a scientific article, authors must use these ‘persuasive communication devices’ carefully. In particular, they must be explicit about the limitations of their work, avoid obfuscation, and resist the temptation to oversell their results. Here we discuss a list of persuasive communication devices and we encourage authors, as well as reviewers and editors, to think carefully about their use.
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| 13. |
- Czaika, Otfried, 1971-
(author)
-
Elisabeth von Schweden
- 2001
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In: Biographisches Lexikon für Mecklenburg. - Rostock : SchmidtRömhild. - 3795037131 - 9783795037130 ; , s. 67-72
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- de Jong, Marein A. W. P., et al.
(author)
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Dendritic cells mediate herpes simplex virus infection and transmission through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN
- 2008
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In: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 89, s. 2398-2409
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of specific immune responses against invading pathogens. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common human pathogen that causes painful but mild infections of the skin and mucosa, and which results in latency and recurrent infections. Of the two HSV subtypes described, HSV-1 causes mainly oral–facial lesions, whilst HSV-2 is associated with genital herpes. DCs are involved in HSV-induced immune suppression, but little is known about the molecular interactions between DCs and HSV. This study demonstrated that HSV-1 and -2 both interact with the DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN. Further analyses demonstrated that DC-SIGN interacts with the HSV glycoproteins gB and gC. Binding of HSV-1 to immature DCs depended on both DC-SIGN and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Strikingly, HSV-1 infection of DCs was almost completely inhibited by blocking antibodies against DC-SIGN. Thus, DC-SIGN is an important attachment receptor for HSV-1 on immature DCs and enhances infection of DCs in cis. In addition, DC-SIGN captures HSV-1 for transmission to permissive target cells. These data strongly suggest that DC-SIGN is a potential target to prevent HSV infection and virus dissemination. Further studies will show whether these interactions are involved in HSV-induced immune suppression.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Abel, Ian, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Multiscale modelling for tokamak pedestals
- 2018
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In: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 84:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pedestal modelling is crucial to predict the performance of future fusion devices. Current modelling efforts suffer either from a lack of kinetic physics, or an excess of computational complexity. To ameliorate these problems, we take a first-principles multiscale approach to the pedestal. We will present three separate sets of equations, covering the dynamics of edge localised modes (ELMs), the inter-ELM pedestal and pedestal turbulence, respectively. Precisely how these equations should be coupled to each other is covered in detail. This framework is completely self-consistent; it is derived from first principles by means of an asymptotic expansion of the fundamental Vlasov-Landau-Maxwell system in appropriate small parameters. The derivation exploits the narrowness of the pedestal region, the smallness of the thermal gyroradius and the low plasma beta (the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressures) typical of current pedestal operation to achieve its simplifications. The relationship between this framework and gyrokinetics is analysed, and possibilities to directly match our systems of equations onto multiscale gyrokinetics are explored. A detailed comparison between our model and other models in the literature is performed. Finally, the potential for matching this framework onto an open-field-line region is briefly discussed.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Barboza, Madelene, et al.
(author)
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A better start for health equity? Qualitative content analysis of implementation of extended postnatal home visiting in a disadvantaged area in Sweden
- 2018
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In: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BMC. - 1475-9276. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundHealth inequities among children in Sweden persist despite the country’s well-developed welfare system and near universal access to the national child health care programme. A multisectoral extended home visiting intervention, based on the principles of proportionate universalism, has been carried out in a disadvantaged area since 2013. The present study investigates the content of the meetings between families and professionals during the home visits to gain a deeper understanding of how it relates to a health equity perspective on early childhood development.MethodsThree child health care nurses documented 501 visits to the families of 98 children between 2013 and 2016. A qualitative data-driven conventional content analysis was performed on all data from the cycle of six visits per child, and a general content model was developed. Additional content analysis was carried out on the data from visits to families who experienced adverse situations or greater needs.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the home visits covered three main categories of content related to the health, care and development of the child; the strengthening of roles and relations within the new family unit; and the influence and support located in the broader external context around the family. The model of categories and sub-categories proved stable over all six visits. Families with extra needs received continuous attention to their additional issues during the visits, as well as the standard content described in the content model.ConclusionsThis study on home visiting implementation indicates that the participating families received programme content which covered all the domains of nurturing care as recommended by the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health and recent research. The content of the home visits can be understood to create enabling conditions for health equity effects. The intervention can be seen to represent a practical example of proportionate universalism.
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| 22. |
- Benti, Gudeta Berhanu, et al.
(author)
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Numerical and experimental study on the dynamic bearing properties of a four-pad and eight-pad tilting pad journal bearings in a vertical rotor
- 2022
-
In: Journal of energy resources technology. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). - 0195-0738 .- 1528-8994. ; 144:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the dynamics of tilting pad journal bearings with four and eight pads are studied and compared experimentally and numerically. The experiments are performed on a rigid vertical rotor supported by two identical bearings. Two sets of experiments are carried out under similar test setup. One set is performed on a rigid rotor with two four-pad bearings, while the other is on a rigid rotor with two eight-pad bearings. The dynamic properties of the two bearing types are compared with each other by studying the unbalance response of the system at different rotor speeds. Numerically, the test rig is modeled as a rigid rotor and the bearing coefficients are calculated based on Navier-Stokes equation. A nonlinear bearing model is developed and used in the steady state response simulation. The measured and simulated displacement and force orbits show similar patterns for both bearing types. Compared to the measurement, the simulated mean value and range (peak-to-peak amplitude) of the bearing force deviate with a maximum of 16 % and 38 %, respectively. It is concluded that, unlike the eight-pad TPJB, the four-pad TPJB excite the system at the third and fifth-order frequencies, which are due to the number of pads, and the amplitudes of these frequencies increase with the rotor speed.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bouskova, Alzbeta, et al.
(author)
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Improvement of separation and dewatering of activated sludge by using enhanced biological removal process over chemical phosphorus precipitation
- 2006
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In: Journal of Residuals Science and Technology. - 1544-8053. ; 3:3, s. 145-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Samples from several WWTPs in Sweden, operating either with chemical precipitation of phosphorus, biological phosphorus removal or combination of the two, were analysed for separation and dewatering properties. The main parameters of interest were capillary suction time (CST), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), metal ions concentration, filterability and compressibility of the sludge. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)-sludge is composed of compact flocs, while the chemical sludge contains higher colloids concentration in the liquid phase and retain water within the floc structure by stronger physical forces. These two phenomena reflected in the poorer filterability as well as compressibility of the chemical sludge in comparison to the sludge originating from biological phosphorus removal processes.
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| 25. |
- Bousquenaud, M., et al.
(author)
-
Obesity promotes the expansion of metastasis-initiating cells in breast cancer
- 2018
-
In: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X. ; 20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Obesity is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. In particular, tumors in obese patients tend to seed more distant metastases, although the biology behind this observation remains poorly understood. Methods: To elucidate the effects of the obese microenvironment on metastatic spread, we ovariectomized C57BL/6 J female mice and fed them either a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate a postmenopausal diet-induced obesity model. We then studied tumor progression to metastasis of Py230 and EO771 grafts. We analyzed and phenotyped the RD and HFD tumors and the surrounding adipose tissue by flow cytometry, qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. The influence of the microenvironment on tumor cells was assessed by performing cross-transplantation of RD and HFD tumor cells into other RD and HFD mice. The results were analyzed using the unpaired Student t test when comparing two variables, otherwise we used one-way or two-way analysis of variance. The relationship between two variables was calculated using correlation coefficients. Results: Our results show that tumors in obese mice grow faster, are also less vascularized, more hypoxic, of higher grade and enriched in CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) neutrophils. Collectively, this favors induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and progression to claudin-low breast cancer, a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer that is enriched in cancer stem cells. Interestingly, transplanting HFD-derived tumor cells in RD mice transfers enhanced tumor growth and lung metastasis formation. Conclusions: These data indicate that a pro-metastatic effect of obesity is acquired by the tumor cells in the primary tumor independently of the microenvironment of the secondary site.
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| 26. |
- Bousquet, Antoine, et al.
(author)
-
Beyond models and metaphors : complexity theory, systems thinking and international relations
- 2011
-
In: Cambridge Review of International Affairs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-7571 .- 1474-449X. ; 24:1, s. 43-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concepts, language and methods of complexity theory have been slowly making their way into international relations (IR), as scholars explore their potential for extending our understanding of the dynamics of international politics. In this article we examine the progress made so far and map the existing debates within IR that are liable to being significantly reconfigured by the conceptual resources of complexity. We consider the various ontological, epistemological and methodological questions raised by complexity theory and its attendant worldview. The article concludes that, beyond metaphor and computational models, the greatest promise of complexity is a reinvigoration of systems thinking that eschews the flaws and limitations of previous instantiations of systems theory and offers an array of conceptual tools apposite to analysing international politics in the twenty-first century.
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| 27. |
- Bousquet, Christophe A. H., et al.
(author)
-
Moving calls : a vocal mechanism underlying quorum decisions in cohesive groups
- 2011
-
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 278:1711, s. 1482-1488
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Members of social groups need to coordinate their behaviour when choosing between alternative activities. Consensus decisions enable group members to maintain group cohesion and one way to reach consensus is to rely on quorums. A quorum response is where the probability of an activity change sharply increases with the number of individuals supporting the new activity. Here, we investigated how meerkats (Suricata suricatta) use vocalizations in the context of movement decisions. Moving calls emitted by meerkats increased the speed of the group, with a sharp increase in the probability of changing foraging patch when the number of group members joining the chorus increased from two up to three. These calls had no apparent effect on the group's movement direction. When dominant individuals were involved in the chorus, the group's reaction was not stronger than when only subordinates called. Groups only increased speed in response to playbacks of moving calls from one individual when other group members emitted moving calls as well. The voting mechanism linked to a quorum probably allows meerkat groups to change foraging patches cohesively with increased speed. Such vocal coordination may reflect an aggregation rule linking individual assessment of foraging patch quality to group travel route.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Choi, H., et al.
(author)
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Response to Rylander
- 2014
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In: Indoor Air. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 24:2, s. 223-224
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- den Broeder, A A, et al.
(author)
-
Long term anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: effect on radiological course and prognostic value of markers of cartilage turnover and endothelial activation.
- 2002
-
In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 61:4, s. 311-318
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the effect of prolonged neutralisation of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on the radiological course in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To assess whether the radiological course can be predicted by clinical variables or biological markers of cartilage and synovium turnover and of endothelial activation. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with active RA enrolled at our centre in monotherapy trials with adalimumab (D2E7), a fully human anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody, were studied for two years. Radiographs of hands and feet obtained at baseline and after one and two years were scored in chronological order by a single, blinded observer using the modified Sharp method. Radiological course was classified as stable or progressive using the smallest detectable difference as cut off point. The relation between radiological course and serum markers of cartilage and synovium turnover (metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39)), endothelial activation (soluble E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)), and integrated measures of disease activity were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Radiological evaluation was performed in 36 patients with paired sets of radiographs at baseline and two years. After two years a total of 15/36 (42%) presented no radiological progression. More patients with stable radiological course were still receiving anti-TNFalpha treatment after two years (13/15 (87%) v 11/21 (52%); p=0.03) and had lower baseline COMP and sICAM-1 levels (p=0.01 and 0.04, respectively) than those in the group with progressive disease. In a logistic regression model the combination of sustained TNF neutralisation and baseline COMP and sICAM-1 levels was predictive for radiological outcome (p=0.03). C reactive protein and disease activity score area under the curve were significantly correlated with changes in radiological scores after two years (r=0.40 and 0.37, p<0.05). Long term TNFalpha neutralisation decreased the levels of COMP, sICAM, MMPs, and HC gp-39, but not sE-selectin. Conclusion: The results suggest that long term monotherapy with anti-TNFalpha has a positive effect on radiological outcome and modulates cartilage and synovium turnover as measured by biological markers. Baseline serum sICAM-1 levels and COMP levels may be helpful to identify patients with progressive or non-progressive radiological outcome.
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| 35. |
- Fontenelle, LF, et al.
(author)
-
A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study
- 2020
-
In: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1440-1614 .- 0004-8674. ; 54:7, s. 719-731
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.Methods:Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given.Results:Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as ‘primary constructs’ and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity).Conclusion:This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
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| 36. |
- Forough, Javad, et al.
(author)
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Unified identification of anomalies on the edge : a hybrid sequential PGM approach
- 2023
-
In: 2023 IEEE 22nd international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications (TrustCom). - : IEEE. - 9798350381993 - 9798350382006 ; , s. 595-604
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Edge cloud resources, just as many other computing resources, are prone to both performance and security anomalies due to their decentralized nature and real-time requirements for processing of data. Their behaviour initially observed as anomalous may, however, in many cases be rather generic and hard to detect. To be able to address such anomalies, it is instrumental to determine whether the anomaly is a "Security" threat or only a "Performance" concern. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an anomaly detection model capable of distinguishing between security and performance anomalies. The model is based on sequential modeling and Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM), which leverage historical information and dependencies between previous predictions to classify future anomalies accurately. The evaluation of our proposed model shows its superior performance on our testbed and benchmark datasets. Accordingly, the model achieves an average 5%, and 3% higher F1 score compared to state-of-the-art methods in binary and multi-label anomaly detection cases, respectively. Moreover, our testing time analysis demonstrates the ability of the proposed model in early detection of such anomalies on the edge cloud.
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| 37. |
- Glans, P.-A., et al.
(author)
-
Assignment of the surface core-level shifts to the surface layers of Be(101¯0)
- 2004
-
In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoemission studies and layer resolved Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) multiple scattering calculations are used to find the assignment of the surface core-level shifts to the top layers of the Be(1010) surface. Striking similarities between experimental and calculated data make it possible to assign the largest shift to layer two, the second largest shift to layers three and four, and the smallest shift to layer one.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lee, PMY, et al.
(author)
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Association of maternal body mass index with intellectual disability risk
- 2021
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. - : BMJ. - 1468-2052 .- 1359-2998. ; 106:6, s. F584-F590
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and children’s intellectual disability (ID) risk in the absence of chromosomal disorders, neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, taking adverse birth outcomes, maternal hypertension/diabetes and maternal socioeconomic status into consideration.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of singletons without common genetic defects born in Sweden during 1992–2006, and followed them from birth until 31 December 2014 (n=1 186 836). Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the association between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and the risk of offspring’s ID.ResultsThe risk of ID was higher in children born to mothers who were underweight (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.36), overweight (HR=1.28, 95% CI=1.21 to 1.34) or had obesity class I (HR=1.63, 95% CI=1.53 to 1.74), obesity class II (HR=2.08, 95% CI=1.88 to 2.30) and obesity class III (HR=2.31, 95% CI=1.46 to 3.65) than in children born to normal weight mothers. Results remained consistent after excluding children with adverse birth outcome or born to mothers with gestational hypertension/diabetes. Analysis stratified by maternal education and annual household income showed that the association between maternal underweight and children’s ID risk was attenuated among children of mothers with tertiary education or with high income.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that maternal underweight or overweight/obesity in early pregnancy was associated with the development of ID in their offspring. This association was independent of the effect of adverse birth outcomes and maternal hypertension/diabetes. High socioeconomic status may attenuate the risk of ID among children of underweight mothers. This study highlights the importance of improving health education before conception to reduce children’s ID risk.
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| 41. |
- Linnér, Björn-Ola, et al.
(author)
-
Conceptualising variations in societal transformations towards sustainability
- 2020
-
In: Environmental Science and Policy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 106, s. 221-227
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Calls for societal transformations in response to climate change and unsustainable trajectories are surging in scientific journals, political proposals and news media. The multifaceted usages of the concept of transformation creates challenges for scientific assessments, such as those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as well as for the implementation of the Paris Agreement process, the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development, the EUs long-term climate strategy, the European Green Deal, and other political decisions. In this paper, we suggest an analytical framework to differentiate between how sustainability transformations are made sense of in terms of system level, pace and scope. We distinguish between four general modes of transformations: quantum leap, convergent, emergent, and gradual approaches. We also discuss how they can be used to make sense of interventions to foster major sustainability transformations. We expand on three examples of interventions that were pertinent in our cross-country studies: technological innovations, transformative learning and the formulation of new narratives of sustainable societies.
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| 42. |
- O'Donnell, Renee, et al.
(author)
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Disparities in definitions of drinker type and related harms : self-identified and researcher-defined drinker type and alcohol-related consequences
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 27:5, s. 475-481
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the extent to which risky drinkers identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker and to examine if risky drinkers who identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker experience less negative drinking-related consequences than those who do not classify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker.METHODS Participants, who met our criterion for heavy and/or binge drinking, were asked about their drinking patterns and to describe themselves as a non-, ex-, occasional, light, social, heavy or binge drinker. Self-identified and researcher-defined (based on participants' past 12 months consumption) drinker types were compared among 4,562 participants (74% males, mean age of 43.4).RESULTS Over half of the researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers classified themselves as social drinkers. Researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers who classified themselves accurately experienced more drinking-related harms than those who classified themselves as a social drinker.CONCLUSIONS This study found that rather than using consumption-based definitions, drinkers may classify their drinking based on harms experienced, rather than their risk of harm. Health promotion campaigns aiming to prevent harms in risky drinkers should be aware that drinkers who would be considered at risk may not see themselves that way until they have experienced harm from their drinking.
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| 43. |
- Pham, Tuan D, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Cancer and Normal Intracellular Images by the Power Law of a Fuzzy Partition Functional
- 2013
-
In: Image Analysis and Recognition. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642390937 - 9783642390944 ; , s. 597-604
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The discovery of detailed structures of spatial organelles within a single cell obtained by state-of-the-art molecular imaging technology has provided essential biological information for gaining insights into the study of complex human diseases. In particular, such information is helpful for cancer modeling and simulation. This paper presents a novel concept for characterizing the intracellular space of cancer and normal cells using the mathematical principle of power laws applied to a fuzzy partition functional for cluster validity. Experimental results and comparison with image texture analysis suggest the promising application of the proposed method.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Stephansson, Ove, et al.
(author)
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Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements at Forsmark and Stidsvig, Sweden
- 1986
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In: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. - : The Geological Society of Finland. - 0367-5211 .- 1799-4632. ; :58, part 1, s. 307-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a new development in the use of a multi-hose for hydraulic fracturing, for estimation of in-situ stresses in the Earth's crust. The test procedure and evaluation on hydraulic fracturing in the first and second breakdown method is described. Hydraulic fracturing was performed in Precambrian gneissic rocks at depths down to 500 m in one borhole at Forsmark, Centra Sweden, and down to 150 m in three boreholes at Stidsvig, Southern Sweden. Tests were conducted in both 76 and 56 mm boreholes. The hydraulic fracturing tests at Forsmark follow a stress pattern calculated from the second breakdown method, and excluding the influence of pore pressure.
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| 47. |
- Winkelmann, Iven, et al.
(author)
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Structure and elevator mechanism of the mammalian sodium/proton exchanger NHE9
- 2020
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In: EMBO Journal. - : EMBO. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 39:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are ancient membrane-bound nanoma- chines that work to regulate intracellular pH, sodium levels and cell volume. NHE activities contribute to the control of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell migration and vesicle trafficking. NHE dysfunction has been linked to many diseases, and they are targets of pharma- ceutical drugs. Despite their fundamental importance to cell home- ostasis and human physiology, structural information for the mammalian NHEs was lacking. Here, we report the cryogenic elec- tron microscopy structure of NHE isoform 9 (SLC9A9) from Equus caballus at 3.2 Å resolution, an endosomal isoform highly expressed in the brain and associated with autism spectrum (ASD) and atten- tion deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders. Despite low sequence identity, the NHE9 architecture and ion-binding site are remarkably most similar to distantly related bacterial Na+/H+ antiporters with 13 transmembrane segments. Collectively, we reveal the conserved architecture of the NHE ion-binding site, their elevator-like structural transitions, the functional implications of autism disease mutations and the role of phosphoinositide lipids to promote homodimerization that, together, have important physiological ramifications.
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| 48. |
- Winkle, Katie, et al.
(author)
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Differing Care Giver and Care Receiver Perceptions of Robot Agency in an In-Home Socially Assistive Robot for Exercise Engagement
- 2023
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In: 2023 32ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOT AND HUMAN INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION, RO-MAN. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350336702 ; , s. 607-613
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results of an online, video-based experimental study investigating the impact of robot agency on perceptions of a socially assistive robot (SAR) shown supporting in-home care. We consider two key participant groups: care givers and care receivers. We did not find significant results regarding the impact of agency on overall participant perceptions of the SAR, but we did identify some differences in what these two participant groups might perceive as being best for themselves versus each other. Firstly, care givers perceived more potential benefit from the robot than care receivers did, challenging possible assumptions about who is set to gain most from deployment of these systems. Secondly, care receivers generally perceived the lower agency robot as being more beneficial for themselves, even as they ascribed the higher agency robot more potential to benefit care receivers.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Wrande, Marie
(author)
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Growth in Aging Colonies : The Importance of Being Different
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The accumulation of rifampicin resistant (RifR) mutants in aging bacterial colonies has previously been attributed to stress-induced mutagenesis. Mutations giving rise to RifR are located in the rpoB gene, coding for the β subunit of RNA polymerase, RpoB. We showed that these mutants accumulate because they grow faster than the wild-type in the aging colonies. We found no evidence of increased mutagenesis in the RifR cells and their distribution, as localized clones in the aging colonies, indicated that they accumulated by selection and growth rather than by an increased rate of mutagenesis. Colony competition experiments with reconstructed strains showed that the RifR mutations were responsible for the growth advantage. We also found that deletion of rpoS, coding for the stationary phase sigma factor (RpoS), also gives a growth advantage on bacterial cells in aging colonies.We suggest that mutants lacking RpoS, having a different transcription pattern than the wild-type, may override the signals to enter stationary phase together with the rest of the population and instead keep growing for as long as possible. We found that the rpoB mutants mimicked the transcription pattern of the rpoS deletion mutant, thereby displaying a similar phenotype in the aging colonies. The pathways used in acetate metabolism (consisting of the enzymes Acs, AckA-Pta, PoxB and AceBAK) were shown to be important for the growth advantage mutants suggesting that acetate is one of the main carbon sources used to support their prolonged growth in the aging colonies.Rifampicin is a first-line drug used to treat M. tuberculosis infections. We used S. enterica as a model system for experimental evolution to ask whether compensatory mutations might be important in RifR mutants. In every lineage evolved compensatory mutations arose without any significant reduction in resistance. These mutations altered genes for the α, β, and β’ subunits of RNA polymerase.
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