| 1. |
- Chu, Dinh-Toi, et al.
(author)
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An update on obesity : Mental consequences and psychological interventions
- 2019
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In: Diabetes & Metabolic syndrome. - : Elsevier. - 1871-4021 .- 1878-0334. ; 13:1, s. 155-160
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Besides physical consequences, obesity has negative psychological effects, thereby lowering human life quality. Major psychological consequences of this disorder includes depression, impaired body image, low self-esteem, eating disorders, stress and poor quality of life, which are correlated with age and gender. Physical interventions, mainly diet control and energy balance, have been widely applied to treat obesity; and some psychological interventions including behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy have showed some effects on obesity treatment. Other psychological therapies, such as relaxation and psychodynamic therapies, are paid less attention. This review aims to update scientific evidence regarding the mental consequences and psychological interventions for obesity. (c) 2018 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Bett, Bernard, et al.
(author)
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Spatiotemporal analysis of historical records (2001-2012) on dengue fever in Vietnam and development of a statistical model for forecasting risk
- 2019
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is the most widespread infectious disease of humans transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children in the Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions. We analyzed surveillance records from health centers in Vietnam collected between 2001-2012 to determine seasonal trends, develop risk maps and an incidence forecasting model.METHODS: The data were analyzed using a hierarchical spatial Bayesian model that approximates its posterior parameter distributions using the integrated Laplace approximation algorithm (INLA). Meteorological, altitude and land cover (LC) data were used as predictors. The data were grouped by province (n = 63) and month (n = 144) and divided into training (2001-2009) and validation (2010-2012) sets. Thirteen meteorological variables, 7 land cover data and altitude were considered as predictors. Only significant predictors were kept in the final multivariable model. Eleven dummy variables representing month were also fitted to account for seasonal effects. Spatial and temporal effects were accounted for using Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) and autoregressive (1) models. Their levels of significance were analyzed using deviance information criterion (DIC). The model was validated based on the Theil's coefficient which compared predicted and observed incidence estimated using the validation data. Dengue incidence predictions for 2010-2012 were also used to generate risk maps.RESULTS: The mean monthly dengue incidence during the period was 6.94 cases (SD 14.49) per 100,000 people. Analyses on the temporal trends of the disease showed regular seasonal epidemics that were interrupted every 3 years (specifically in July 2004, July 2007 and September 2010) by major fluctuations in incidence. Monthly mean minimum temperature, rainfall, area under urban settlement/build-up areas and altitude were significant in the final model. Minimum temperature and rainfall had non-linear effects and lagging them by two months provided a better fitting model compared to using unlagged variables. Forecasts for the validation period closely mirrored the observed data and accurately captured the troughs and peaks of dengue incidence trajectories. A favorable Theil's coefficient of inequality of 0.22 was generated.CONCLUSIONS: The study identified temperature, rainfall, altitude and area under urban settlement as being significant predictors of dengue incidence. The statistical model fitted the data well based on Theil's coefficient of inequality, and risk maps generated from its predictions identified most of the high-risk provinces throughout the country.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Anna, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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A facilitated social innovation : stakeholder groups using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles for perinatal health across levels of the health system in Cao Bang province, Vietnam
- 2023
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In: Implementation Science Communications. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2662-2211. ; 4:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundUniversal coverage of evidence-based interventions for perinatal health, often part of evidence-based guidelines, could prevent most perinatal deaths, particularly if entire communities were engaged in the implementation. Social innovations may provide creative solutions to the implementation of evidence-based guidelines, but successful use of social innovations relies on the engagement of communities and health system actors. This proof-of-concept study aimed to assess whether an earlier successful social innovation for improved neonatal survival that employed regular facilitated Plan-Do-Study-Act meetings on the commune level was feasible and acceptable when implemented on multiple levels of the health system (52 health units) and resulted in actions with plausibly favourable effects on perinatal health and survival in Cao Bang province, northern Vietnam.MethodsThe Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework guided the implementation and evaluation of the Perinatal Knowledge-Into-Practice (PeriKIP) project. Data collection included facilitators’ diaries, health workers’ knowledge on perinatal care, structured observations of antenatal care, focus group discussions with facilitators, their mentors and representatives of different actors of the initiated stakeholder groups and an individual interview with the Reproductive Health Centre director. Clinical experts assessed the relevance of the identified problems and actions taken based on facilitators’ diaries. Descriptive statistics included proportions, means, and t-tests for the knowledge assessment and observations. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis.ResultsThe social innovation resulted in the identification of about 500 relevant problems. Also, 75% of planned actions to overcome prioritised problems were undertaken, results presented and a plan for new actions to achieve the group’s goals to enhance perinatal health. The facilitators had significant roles, ensuring that the stakeholder groups were established based on principles of mutual respect. Overall, the knowledge of perinatal health and performance of antenatal care improved over the intervention period.ConclusionsThe establishment of facilitated local stakeholder groups can remedy the need for tailored interventions and grassroots involvement in perinatal health and provide a scalable structure for focused efforts to reduce preventable deaths and promote health and well-being.
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| 8. |
- Bui, Hue Thi Buu, et al.
(author)
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Microwave assisted synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluations of new benzimidazole derivatives
- 2016
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In: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 57:8, s. 887-891
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twelve new 2-quinolizinylbenzimidazole and 2-naphthalylbenzimidazole derivatives with various 5- and 6-positioned substituents (aza, H, CH3, Cl, NO2, NH2, OCH3), have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields via the condensation of 4-oxo-4H-quinolizinecarbaldehyde or naphthalenecarbaldehyde with substituted o-phenylenediamines, o-nitroaniline, and 2,3-pyridinediamine using sodium metabisulfite or sodium hydrosulfite under microwave irradiation. The new benzimidazole derivatives were screened for their cytotoxic activity against the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results showed on one hand that 2-(substituted quinolizinyl)-1H-benzimidazoles (12b–f) were less active (3–6 fold) than the positive control Tamoxifen (CC50 = 6.52 μM), and on the other hand, among the 2-(substituted naphthalyl)-1H-benzimidazoles series (13a–f), compounds 6,7,8-trimethoxy-3-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol (13c) (CC50 = 7.48 μM) and 6,7,8-trimethoxy-3-(5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol (13f) (CC50 = 6.43 μM) were found to be as active as Tamoxifen.
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| 9. |
- Chow, Clara Kayei, et al.
(author)
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Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries.
- 2020
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In: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2-all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3-all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors.Of 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50).Lower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally.
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| 10. |
- Dimberg, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Common 4977 bp deletion and novel alterations in mitochondrial DNA in Vietnamese patients with breast cancer
- 2015
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In: SpringerPlus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 4, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis and ageing. The mtDNA 4977 bp deletion is one of the most frequently observed mtDNA mutations in human tissues and may play a role in breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion in BC tissue and its association with clinical factors.We determined the presence of the 4977 bp common deletion in cancer and normal paired tissue samples from 106 Vietnamese patients with BC by sequencing PCR products.The mtDNA 4977 bp deletion was significantly more frequent in normal tissue in comparison with paired cancer tissue. Moreover, the incidence of the 4977 bp deletion in BC tissue was significantly higher in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive as compared with ER negative BC tissue. Preliminary results showed, in cancerous tissue, a significantly higher incidence of novel deletions in the group of patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison with the patients with no lymph node metastasis.We have found 4977 bp deletion in mtDNA to be a common event in BC and with special reference to ER positive BC. In addition, the novel deletions were shown to be related to lymph node metastasis. Our finding may provide complementary information in prediction of clinical outcome including metastasis, recurrence and survival of patients with BC.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Graham, Ian, et al.
(author)
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New strategies for the development of lipid-lowering therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk.
- 2018
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In: European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2055-6845 .- 2055-6837. ; 4:2, s. 119-127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The very high occurrence of cardiovascular events presents a major public health issue, because treatment remains suboptimal. Lowering LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins or ezetimibe in combination with a statin reduces major adverse cardiovascular events. The cardiovascular risk reduction in relation to the absolute LDL-C reduction is linear for most interventions without evidence of attenuation or increase in risk at low LDL-C levels. Opportunities for innovation in dyslipidaemia treatment should address the substantial risk of lipid-associated cardiovascular events among patients optimally treated per guidelines but who cannot achieve LDL-C goals and who could benefit from additional LDL-C-lowering therapy or experience side effects of statins. Fresh approaches are needed to identify promising drug targets early and develop them efficiently. The Cardiovascular Round Table of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) convened a workshop to discuss new lipid-lowering strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction. Opportunities to improve treatment approaches and the efficient study of new therapies were explored. Circulating biomarkers may not be fully reliable proxy indicators of the relationship between treatment effect and clinical outcome. Mendelian randomization studies may better inform development strategies and refine treatment targets before Phase 3. Trials should match the drug to appropriate lipid and patient profile, and guidelines may move towards a precision-based approach to individual patient management. Stakeholder collaboration is needed to ensure continued innovation and better international coordination of both regulatory aspects and guidelines. It should be noted that risk may also be addressed through increased attention to other risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, overweight, and inactivity.
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| 13. |
- Haid, Sibylle, et al.
(author)
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Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets
- 2024
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In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 68:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Libraries composed of licensed drugs represent a vast repertoire of molecules modulating physiological processes in humans, providing unique opportunities for the discovery of host-targeting antivirals. We screened the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) repurposing library with approximately 12,000 molecules for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and discovered 134 compounds inhibiting an alphacoronavirus and mapping to 58 molecular target categories. Dominant targets included the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, the dopamine receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Gene knock-out of the drugs’ host targets including cathepsin B and L (CTSB/L; VBY-825), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; Phortress), the farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1; P-3622), and the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1; Omaveloxolone), significantly modulated HCoV-229E infection, providing evidence that these compounds inhibited the virus through acting on their respective host targets. Counter-screening of all 134 primary compound candidates with SARS-CoV-2 and validation in primary cells identified Phortress, an AHR activating ligand, P-3622-targeting FDFT1, and Omaveloxolone, which activates the NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2) by liberating it from its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1, as antiviral candidates for both an Alpha- and a Betacoronavirus. This study provides an overview of HCoV-229E repurposing candidates and reveals novel potentially druggable viral host dependency factors hijacked by diverse coronaviruses.
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| 14. |
- He, Wei, et al.
(author)
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China's Terrestrial Carbon Sink Over 2010–2015 Constrained by Satellite Observations of Atmospheric CO2 and Land Surface Variables
- 2022
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953. ; 127:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The magnitude and distribution of China's terrestrial carbon sink remain uncertain due to insufficient constraints at large scales, whereby satellite data offer great potential for reducing the uncertainty. Here, we present two carbon sink estimates for China constrained either by satellite CO2 column concentrations (XCO2) within the Global Carbon Assimilation System or by remotely sensed soil moisture and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) in addition to in situ CO2 observations within the Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System. They point to a moderate size of carbon sinks of 0.34 ± 0.14 (mean ± unc.) and 0.43 ± 0.09 PgC/yr during 2010–2015, which are supported by an inventory-based estimate for forest and soil carbon sink (0.26 PgC/yr) and fall in the range of contemporary ensemble atmospheric inversions (0.25–0.48 PgC/yr). They also agree reasonably well on interannual variations, which reflect the carbon sink anomalies induced by regional droughts in southwest China. Furthermore, their spatial distributions are broadly consistent that of the forest inventory-based estimate, indicating that the largest carbon sinks locate in central and eastern China. Their estimates for forest carbon sink coincide fairly well with the inventory-based estimate across different regions, especially when aggregated to the north and south of China. Although enhanced recently by afforestation, China's carbon sink was also significantly weakened by regional droughts, which were often not fully represented in previous in situ CO2-based inversions due to insufficient observations. Our results suggest that satellite-based atmospheric CO2 and land surface observations are vital in characterizing terrestrial net carbon fluxes at regional scales.
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| 15. |
- Hoa Nguyen, Tien, et al.
(author)
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Performance Analysis and Optimization of the Coverage Probability in Dual Hop LoRa Networks With Different Fading Channels
- 2020
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In: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 107087-107102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, the performance evaluation and the optimization of dual-hop LoRa network are investigated. In particular, the coverage probability (Pcov) of edge end-devices (EDs) is computed in closed-form expressions under various fading channels, i.e., Nakagami-m and Rayleigh fading. The Pcov under Nakagami-m fading is computed in the approximated closed-form expressions; the Pcov under Rayleigh fading, on the other hand, is calculated in the exact closed-form expressions. In addition, we also investigate the impact of different kinds of interference on the performance of the Pcov, i.e., intra-SF interference, inter-SF interference (or capture effect) and both intra- and inter-SF interference. Our findings show that the impact of imperfect orthogonality is not non-negligible, along with the intra-SF interference. Moreover, based on the proposed mathematical framework, we formulate an optimization problem, which finds the optimal location of the relay to maximize the coverage probability. Since it is a mixed integer program with a non-convex objective function, we decompose the original problem with discrete optimization variables into sub-problems with a convex feasible set. After that, each sub-problem is effectively solved by utilizing the gradient descent approach. Monte Carlo simulations are supplied to verify the correctness of our mathematical framework. In addition, the results manifest that our proposed optimization algorithm converges rapidly, and the coverage probability is significantly improved when the location of relay is optimized.
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| 16. |
- Kampouri, Stavroula, et al.
(author)
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Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from a visible-light responsive metal-organic framework system : the impact of nickel phosphide nanoparticles
- 2018
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 6:6, s. 2476-2481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herein, we report the performance of a photocatalytic system based on visible-light active MIL-125-NH2 mixed with nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles. This combination boosts the H-2 evolution rate to an outstanding value of 894 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) under visible-light irradiation, which is among the highest H-2 evolution rates reported to date for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The H-2 generation rate exhibited by Ni2P/MIL-125-NH2 is almost 3 times higher than that of the Pt/MIL-125-NH2 system, highlighting the impact of the co-catalyst on photocatalytic water splitting. Additionally, our system outperforms the Ni2P/TiO2 system under UV-vis irradiation. The exceptional performance of Ni2P/MIL-125-NH2 is due to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from MIL-125-NH2 to Ni2P, high intrinsic activity of Ni2P and exceptional synergy between them. This system exhibits the highest apparent quantum yields of 27.0 and 6.6% at 400 and 450 nm, respectively, ever reported for MOFs.
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| 17. |
- Lam, Thanh Tu, et al.
(author)
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Performance Evaluation of Incremental Relaying in Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks with Imperfect CSI
- 2021
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In: IEEE ICCE 2020: 2020 IEEE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONICS (ICCE). - : IEEE. - 9781728154718 ; , s. 472-477
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of both primary and secondary networks in underlay cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with the help of incremental amplify and forward (IAF) relaying under imperfect channel state information (CSI) are investigated. Particularly, the interference probability at primary networks denoted by IP as well as the outage probability at secondary networks denoted by OP, are computed in the closed-form expressions. Our findings show that the impact of the imperfect CSI on the performance of IP is non-negligible. To tackle the high value of IP, reducing the transmit power at the secondary transmitters is a proper solution, it, however, will also increase the OP at the secondary networks. Thus, a simple power control coefficient is proposed to compromise the performance between two networks. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed mathematical frameworks.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nguyen, Tu
(author)
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Competition law in technology transfer under the Trips agreement
- 2007
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The TRIPS Agreement allows WTO members to appropriately enact and apply national competition law to address IPR-related anti-competitive practices. However, application of national competition law to anti-competitive restraints in technology transfer agreements and to abuses of refusal to transfer technology varies from developed countries to developing countries and even between developed countries. Developing countries currently under-enforce their competition legislations in this area while they are net importers of technology. Although they have to comply with high standards of IPR protection, they seem not to use competition law-related flexibilities under the TRIPS Agreement to promote dissemination and transfer of IPR-intensive technology from developed countries. Therefore, to protect benefits of developing countries in globalization of IPR protection, competition rules under the TRIPS Agreement should be reasonably detailed and enforced in developing countries. However, in any event, national competition law is antitrust, neither anti-IPR nor anti-trade. The research, accordingly, has two purposes. The first is investigating competition law in international technology transfer under the TRIPS Agreement with experiences from developed and developing countries. The second is drawing implications concerning these legal issues for developing countries, in which Viet Nam is a focus.
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| 23. |
- Nguyen, Tu
(author)
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Competition Law in Technology Transfer under the TRIPS Agreement - Implications for Developing Countries
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The TRIPS Agreement allows WTO Members to enact and apply appropriate domestic competition law to address IPR-related anti-competitive practices. However, these flexibilities in the TRIPS Agreement do not provide any specific guidance for WTO Members. The application of domestic competition law to IPR abuses in technology transfer varies a great deal between developed and developing countries, and even among the developed countries themselves. The application requires the establishment of a sophisticated legal infrastructure. This is not a simple matter for developing countries. Intellectual property law allows for the creation of a market which welcomes innovation, the commercialization of such innovation, and technology transfer. Competition law then regulates this market. A strong intellectual property regime needs to be accompanied by strong competition rules. Developing countries generally under-enforce their competition legislation in this area, even though they are net importers of technology. They have to comply with high standards of intellectual property protection under the TRIPS Agreement, or even the TRIPS-plus standards. But they appear not to make use of the competition flexibilities in the TRIPS Agreement to promote access to technology and control anti-competitive conduct in inward technology transfer. Analyses of technology transfer-related competition law in developing countries in general, and Vietnam in particular, together with the experience of the US and the EU, provide useful insights. In principle, domestic competition law should be used to promote access to technology. Developing countries can reasonably apply and adapt relevant decisions and judgments from developed country jurisdictions to their own circumstances. While IPRs are globalized, technology transfer-related competition law should be glocalized suitably for the needs of local contexts. In this respect, developing countries should evaluate the obstacles, both internal and external, in order to select appropriate strategies. It must, however, be remembered that competition law is antitrust. It is neither anti-IPR nor anti-trade. Developing countries with limited competition law resources should set realistic priorities for the control of technology transfer-related anti-competitive practices. The focus should be on the areas of refusal to license, excessive pricing of technology-embodied products, tying, and use restrictions. At the international level, issues relating to technology transfer-related competition law, and competition law in general, should be on the agenda of a post-Doha negotiation round in the WTO.
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| 27. |
- Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Phuong, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Patterns and determinants of tobacco purchase behaviors among male cigarette smokers in Vietnam: A latent class analysis
- 2024
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In: TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES. - 1617-9625. ; 22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Understanding smokers' purchasing patterns can aid in customizing tobacco control initiatives aimed at reducing the tobacco smoking prevalence. Therefore, this study identified cigarette purchase behavior among Vietnamese male smokers and associated demographic and consumption factors. METHODS We analyzed a secondary dataset of male current tobacco smokers (n=3983) who participated in the Vietnam Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2015. We applied the latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the classes of purchase behavior among cigarette smokers (n=1241). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify demographics (education level, ethnicity, partnership status, and household socioeconomic status) and cigarette consumption variables (smoking years and heavy smoking status) related to purchase behavior classes. The results are reported as an adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR). RESULTS The LCA identified four cigarette purchase behaviors classes: Class 1 (priceinsensitive and purchased international brand: 44.4%), Class 2 (price -sensitive and purchased domestic brand: 27.6%), Class 3 (price -sensitive and purchased cigarettes in a street vendor: 18.6%), and Class 4: price -sensitive and purchased loose/carton cigarette: 9.4%). The poorer economic groups were more likely to belong to the three price -sensitive classes. Heavy smokers and those who had smoked for a longer period were more likely to belong to Class 3 (ARRR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.51-3.58 and ARRR=1.02; 95% CI: 1.001-1.05, respectively) and Class 4 (ARRR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.71-5.06 and ARRR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Varied purchasing behaviors among male cigarette smokers, influenced by divergent price sensitivities and economic backgrounds, underscore the need for comprehensive tobacco control. Future efforts should include targeted policy interventions, behavior modification, and reshaping social norms.
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| 39. |
- Nguyen, Tu, et al.
(author)
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The CFI Microsoft Judgment and TRIPS Competition Flexibilities
- 2008
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In: Currents International Trade Law Journal. ; 16:3, s. 41-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The CFI Microsoft judgment is the first decision handed down by any court situated in a WTO Member state that regards the competition rules in the TRIPS Agreement in order to partly justify the application of domestic competition laws to the exercise of intellectual property rights (IPRs). The TRIPS Agreement allows WTO Members to enact and apply national competition laws to IPR-related anti-competitive practices. The position of the CFI finds support in this fact. Still, it is regrettable that the CFI did not invoke the TRIPS competition rules in justifying the Commission’s decision to force Microsoft to supply interoperability information. This article considers the consequences of the European position and the effects of TRIPS flexibilities for developing countries.
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| 44. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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In: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 45. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(author)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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In: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(author)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 48. |
- Tran, Lan-Anh T., et al.
(author)
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An appraisal ofUlva(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) taxonomy
- 2022
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In: Journal of Applied Phycology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-8971 .- 1573-5176. ; 34, s. 2689-2703
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The green seaweedUlvais important from ecological and economic perspectives, but the identification of species is often problematic. Here we assessed and discussed different perspectives to establish a stable taxonomic framework forUlva, which will benefit both ecological and applied research. We evaluated (1) the performance of commonly used DNA-barcode markers (ITS rDNA,rbcL, andtufA) using species delimitation methods (PTP and GMYC), (2) the usage of species names in the literature, and (3) the geographic coverage of genetic data to identify poorly sampled regions. Species delimitation employing thetufA gene was the most consistent across methods. Not surprisingly, DNA-based species delimitation was often in disagreement with traditional morphology-based species definitions. Biological species concepts, where tested, proved to be generally narrower than DNA-based species delimitation. Although the use of molecular markers has greatly improved our view ofUlvadiversity, the names associated with DNA sequences in public databases are often unreliable, complicating species identification. Recently, sequencing type materials has considerably reduced the gap between DNA sequence data and Linnaean names, but our knowledge onUlvadiversity remains inadequate, especially in tropical regions. Perspectives forUlvataxonomy include the consistent use of multiple DNA-barcode markers assisted by species delimitation methods, applications of genomic data, and crossing experiments. To arrive at a stable nomenclature, we outline the benefits and shortcomings of adhering to the rules and practices of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, for example, by sequencing name-bearing types and discuss alternative approaches.
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| 49. |
- Trung, Hieu Tran, et al.
(author)
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Anti-inflammatory and Antiphytopathogenic Fungal Activity of 2,3-seco-Tirucallane Triterpenoids Meliadubins A and B from Melia dubia Cav. Barks with ChemGPS-NP and In Silico Prediction
- 2023
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In: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 8:40, s. 37116-37127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two new rearranged 2,3-seco-tirucallane triterpenoids, meliadubins A (1) and B (2), along with four known compounds, 3-6, were isolated from the barks of Melia dubia Cav. Compound 2 exhibited a significant inflammatory inhibition effect toward superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils (EC50 at 5.54 +/- 0.36 mu M). It bound to active sites of a human inducible nitric oxide synthase (3E7G) through interactions with the residues of GLU377 and PRO350, which may benefit in reducing the neutrophilic inflammation effect. The ChemGPS-NP interpretation combined with bioactivity assay and in silico prediction results suggested 2 to be an agent for targeting iNOS with different mechanisms as compared to a selected set of current approved drugs. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 showed remarkable inhibition against the rice pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 137.20 +/- 9.55 and 182.50 +/- 18.27 mu M, respectively. Both 1 and 2 displayed interactions with the residue of TYR223, a key active site of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (1YBV). The interpretation of 1 and 2 in the ChemGPS-NP physical-chemical property space indicated that both compounds are quite different compared to all members of a selected set of reference compounds. In light of demonstrated biological activity and in silico prediction experiments, both compounds possibly exhibited activity against phytopathogenic fungi via a novel mode of action.
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| 50. |
- Yang, Xin, et al.
(author)
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Cancer risks associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants : An international study of 524 families
- 2020
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In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 38:7, s. 674-685
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 3 1022). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.
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