| 1. |
- Elfgren, Lennart, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of Fasteners to Concrete : A Tribute to Rolf Eligehausen
- 2017
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In: Connections between Steel and Concrete. - Stuttgart. - 9783945773062 ; , s. 1294-1302
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some examples are given of assessment of fastenings to concrete structures and the work started by Rolf Eligehausen in fib Task Group 2.9 “Fastenings to structural concrete and masonry”. Studies have been made on e.g. the influence of creep on adhesive anchors and of surface reinforcement and size effects on headed anchors.
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| 2. |
- Hällmark, Robert, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Testing of composite girders with coiled spring pin shear connectors
- 2021
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In: IABSE Congress Ghent 2021. - Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). ; , s. 1700-1708
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, steel girder bridges with concrete deck slabs are generally constructed as steel-concrete composite structures, to utilize the material and the structural parts in an efficient way. However, many existing bridges constructed before the early 1980´s were designed without shear connectors at the steel-concrete interface. With increasing traffics loads and higher amount of load cycles, there is sometimes a need to strengthen these bridges. One way to increase the bending moment capacity is to create composite action by post-installation of shear connectors. The authors have studied the concept of strengthening by post-installed shear connectors, with a focus on a connector called coiled spring pin. This paper presents the results from the first beam tests performed with this kind of shear connector. In line with the previous push-out tests, the test results indicate a very ductile shear connection, with a potential to be a material- and cost-efficient strengthening alternative.
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| 3. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul
(author)
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A Refined Model for Predicting Concrete-Related Failure Load of Tension Loaded Cast-in-Place Headed Anchors in Uncracked Concrete
- 2019
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In: Nordic Concrete Research. - : Sciendo. - 0800-6377 .- 2545-2819. ; 60:1, s. 105-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current theoretical models for predicting the concrete cone breakout capacity of tension loaded headed anchors do not consider the influence of member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement. In the present study, the influence of the aforementioned parameters was studied both numerically and experimentally. Both the numerical and experimental results showed that the tensile resistance of headed anchors increases by increasing the member thickness or if orthogonal surface reinforcement is present. In addition, the anchorage capacity further increases with increase of the anchor head size.The current model for predicting the concrete cone failure load of tension loaded headed anchors were refined and extended by incorporating three modification factors to account for the influence of the member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified based on the results of 124 tests on single headed anchors from literature.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Anchorage capacity and performance in plain and steelfibre-reinforced-concrete
- 2020
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In: 1st IABSE Online Symposium 2020. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). ; , s. 700-709
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nowadays, prefabricated concrete components made from Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) are widely used in the construction industry. These components are often connected to existing or new structural elements through various fastening systems. Previous studies have shown that the addition of steel fibers to concrete mixture substantially improves the fracture properties of concrete. To date, however, rather limited research is available on the behavior of fastening systems in SFRC. To improve the current knowledge of fastening systems to SFRC structures, a pilot experimental study is carried out on cast-in-place anchor bolts embedded in Plain Concrete (PC) and SFRC members. In this study, the influence of the presence of steel fibers and concrete compressive strength on the anchorage capacity and performance is evaluated. Furthermore, the applicability of current design methods is evaluated for anchorage systems in SFRC.
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| 6. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul
(author)
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Anchorage in Concrete Structures : Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of Load-Carrying Capacity of Cast-in-Place Headed Anchors and Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Various anchorage systems including both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors have been developed for fastening both non-structural and structural components to concrete structures. The need for increased flexibility in the design of new structures and strengthening of existing concrete structures has led to increased use of various metallic anchors in practice. Although millions of fasteners are used each year in the construction industry around the world, knowledge of the fastening technology remains poor. In a sustainable society, buildings and structures must, from time to time, be adjusted to meet new demands. Loads on structures must, in general, be increased to comply with new demands, and the structural components and the structural connections must also be upgraded. From the structural connection point of view, the adequacy of the current fastenings for the intended increased load must be determined, and inadequate fastenings must either be replaced or upgraded. The current design models are generally believed to be conservative, although the extent of this behavior is not very clear. To address these issues, the current models must be refined to allow the design of new fastenings and also the assessment of current anchorage systems in practice.The research presented in this thesis consists of numerical and experimental studies of the load-carrying capacity of anchors in concrete structures. Two different types of anchors were studied: (I) cast-in-place headed anchors, and (II) post-installed adhesive anchors. This research focused particularly on the tensile load-carrying capacity of cast-in-place headed anchors and also on the sustained tension loading performance of post-installed adhesive anchors. The overall objective of this research was to provide knowledge for the development of improved methods of designing new fastening systems and assessing the current anchorage systems in practice.For the cast-in-place headed anchors (I), the influence of various parameters including the size of anchor head, thickness of concrete member, amount of orthogonal surface reinforcement, presence of concrete cracks, concrete compressive strength, and addition of steel fibers to concrete were studied. Among these parameters, the influence of the anchor head size, member thickness, surface reinforcement, and cracked concrete was initially evaluated via numerical analysis of headed anchors at various embedment depths. Although these parameters have considerable influence on the anchorage capacity and performance, this influence is not explicitly considered by the current design models. The numerical results showed that the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors increases with increasing member thickness and/or increasing size of the anchor head or the use of orthogonal surface reinforcement. However, their capacity decreased considerably in cracked concrete. Based on the numerical results, the current theoretical model for the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors was extended by incorporating several modification factors that take the influence of the investigated parameters into account. In addition, a supplementary experimental study was performed to verify the numerically obtained findings and the proposed refined model. The experimental results corresponded closely to the numerical results, both in terms of failure load and failure pattern, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed model. The validity of the model was further confirmed through experimental results reported in the literature.Additional experiments were performed to determine the influence of the concrete compressive strength and the addition of steel fiber to concrete on the anchorage capacity and performance. These experiments showed that the anchorage capacity and stiffness increase considerably with increasing concrete compressive strength, but the ductility of the anchor decreases. However, the anchorage capacity and ductility increased significantly with the addition of steel fibers to the concrete mixture. The test results also revealed that the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors in steel fiber-reinforced concrete is significantly underestimated by the current design model.The long-term performance and creep behavior of the post-installed headed anchors (II) was evaluated from the results of long-time tests on adhesive anchors under sustained loads. In this experimental study, adhesive anchors of various sizes were subjected to various sustained load levels for up to 28 years. The anchors were also exposed to several in-service conditions including indoor temperature, variations in the outdoor temperature and humidity, wetness (i.e., water on the surface of concrete), and the presence of salt (setting accelerant) additives in the concrete. Among the tested in-service conditions, variations in the outdoor temperature and humidity had the most adverse effect on the long-term sustained loading performance of the anchors. Based on the test results, recommendations were proposed for maximum sustained load levels under various conditions. The anchors tested under indoor conditions could carry sustained loads of up to 47% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. However, compared with these anchors, the anchors tested under outdoor conditions exhibited larger creep deformation and failure occurred at sustained loads higher than 23% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. Salt additives in concrete and wet conditions had negligible influence on the long-term performance of the anchors, although the wet condition resulted in progressive corrosion of the steel. Based on the experimental results, the suitability of the current testing and approval provisions for qualifying adhesive anchors subjected to long-term sustained tensile loads was evaluated. The evaluations revealed that the current approval provisions are not necessarily reliable for qualifying adhesive anchors for long-term sustained loading applications. Recommendations were given for modifying the current provisions to ensure safe long-term performance of adhesive anchors under sustained loads.
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| 7. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Evaluation of Influence of Member Thickness, Anchor-Head Size, and Orthogonal Surface Reinforcement on the Tensile Capacity of Headed Anchors in Uncracked Concrete
- 2018
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In: Journal of Structural Engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9445 .- 1943-541X. ; 144:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cast-in-place headed anchors with different head sizes embedded in plain and reinforced concrete members of various thicknesses were subjected to pullout tests. The influence of member thickness, size of the anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement on the tensile capacity and performance of anchor bolts was evaluated. The member thickness varied from 1.5 to 3.0 times the anchor embedment depth and headed anchors with small, medium, and large heads were tested.The experimental results of the present study showed that increasing member thickness and/or the use of orthogonal surface reinforcement lead to increased anchorage capacity and anchorage ductility, whereas the anchorage stiffness decreases slightly. In contrast to the anchorage ductility, the tensile breakout resistance and the anchorage stiffness increase significantly with increasing size of the anchor head.The experimental results corresponded closely to numerical results from a previous study (Nilforoush et al. 2016 a & b), which suggested a modified model incorporating several modification factors for improving the predictive capability of the Concrete Capacity (CC) method. In the present study, these factors yielded improved prediction of the tensile breakout capacity of the tested headed anchors.
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| 8. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Experimental evaluation of tensile behaviour of single cast-in-place anchor bolts in plain and steel fibre-reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete
- 2017
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In: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 147, s. 195-206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cast-in-place anchor bolts embedded in plain and steel fibre-reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete members were subjected to monotonic tensile loads. The influence of the concrete member thickness, concrete strength, and the addition of steel fibres to the concrete mixture, on the anchorage capacity and performance was evaluated. The experimental results were evaluated in terms of anchorage capacity, anchorage ductility and stiffness as well as failure mode and geometry. Furthermore, the validity of Concrete Capacity (CC) method for predicting the tensile breakout capacity of anchor bolts in plain and steel fibre-reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete members was evaluated.The anchorage capacity and ductility increased slightly with increasing member thickness, whereas the anchorage stiffness decreased slightly. In contrast to the anchorage ductility, the anchorage capacity and stiffness increased considerably with increasing concrete compressive strength. The anchorage capacity and ductility also increased significantly with the addition of steel fibres to the concrete mixtures. This enhanced capacity and ductility resulted from the improved flexural tensile strength and post-peak cracking behavior of steel fibre-reinforced concrete.The average ratio of measured strengths to those predicted by the CC method for anchors in plain concrete members was increased from 1.0 to 1.17 with increasing member thickness. In steel fibre-reinforced concrete, this ratio varied from 1.29 to 1.51, depending on the member thickness and the concrete strength.
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| 9. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Fracture energy of concrete for bridge assessment
- 2020
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In: 1st IABSE Online Symposium 2020. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). ; , s. 692-699
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In numerical assessments of concrete bridges, the value of the concrete fracture energy GF plays an important role. However, mostly the fracture energy is only estimated based on the concrete compressive strength using empirical formulae. In order to study methods to determine the concrete fracture energy for existing bridges, tests were carried out on 55-year-old concrete from a bridge tested to failure in Kiruna in northern Sweden. Uniaxial tensile tests are performed on notched cylindrical concrete cores drilled out from this and other bridges. In the paper, different methods to determine the concrete fracture energy are discussed and recommendations are given for assessment procedures.
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| 10. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Surface Reinforcement, Member thickness and Cracked Concrete on Tensile Capacity of Anchor Bolts
- 2017
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In: ACI Structural Journal. - : American Concrete Institute. - 0889-3241 .- 1944-7361. ; 114:6, s. 1543-1556
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An extensive numerical study was carried out to evaluate the influence of concrete member thickness and orthogonal surface reinforcement on the tensile capacity and performance of anchor bolts in uncracked concrete members. Anchor bolts at various embedment depths (hef=50 to 300 mm (1.97 to 11.81 in.)) in unreinforced and reinforced concrete members of various thicknesses (H=1.5 – 5.0∙hef) were simulated. The reinforced concrete slabs were considered to be lightly-reinforced and over-reinforced to evaluate also the influence of amount of reinforcement. Furthermore, the behavior of anchor bolts at various embedment depths in pre-cracked reinforced concrete members was numerically investigated. The numerical results were compared with predictions from current design models including the Concrete Capacity (CC) method.The numerical results show that in uncracked concrete the tensile capacity of anchor bolts increases up to 20% and the anchorage behavior becomes more ductile with increasing member thickness or by having surface reinforcement. The numerical results also show that the CC method underestimates the tensile capacity of deep anchors (hef≥200 mm (7.87 in.)), while it slightly overestimates the capacity of short anchors (hef≤100 mm (3.94 in.)) in thin unreinforced members. It was also found that the over-reinforced concrete does not improve the anchorage capacity and performance any further than the lightly-reinforced concrete. Based on the numerical results, several recommendations are proposed to account for the influence of member thickness, surface reinforcement and cracked concrete. Further experimental studies are ongoing to verify and generalize the recommendations of this study.
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| 11. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Performance of Adhesive Bonded Anchors
- 2016
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In: ACI Structural Journal. - : American Concrete Institute. - 0889-3241 .- 1944-7361. ; 113:2, s. 251-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Post-installed adhesive anchors used for fastening nonstructural and/or structural elements to concrete structures are prone to creep under sustained loads over their service life, which may considerably affect their long-term performance. In this study, the influence of various in-service conditions and sustained loading levels on the long-term performance of adhesive anchors was experimentally examined. The tested adhesive was an unsaturated polyester resin and the bonded anchors were subjected to sustained loads of 23, 47 and 70% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities for up to 10376 days (28.4 years). The tested in-service conditions were indoor temperature, outdoor temperature and humidity variations, wetness and presence in the concrete of salt additives.Results indicate that the tested bonded anchors did not fail indoors when subjected to sustained loads up to 47% of their mean ultimate short-time capacity. However, the long-term performance was substantially impaired outdoors, presumably due to temperature and humidity variations, leading to failure for sustained loads higher than 23% of the anchors’ mean ultimate short-time capacity.
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| 12. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of Influence of Member Thickness, Anchor Head Size, and Surface Reinforcement on Tensile Breakout Capacity of Anchor bolts
- 2017
-
In: Connections between Steel and Concrete. - Stuttgart. - 9783945773062 ; , s. 752-764
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement on the tensile breakout capacity of cast-in-place headed anchors in uncracked concrete was studied both numerically and experimentally. The aim of this paper is to form a background for developing improved methods for the design of new fastenings as well as the assessment of current anchorages in practice. For this purpose, anchor bolts at various embedment depths (hef=50–500 mm) were simulated in plain and reinforced concrete members of various thicknesses (H=1.5–5.0∙hef). Three different head sizes of anchor bolts (i.e. small, medium and large) were also considered at each anchor embedment depth. Furthermore, to verify the numerical findings, a series of anchor pullout tests were carried out at which the testing parameters were similar to those in the numerical study.Numerical and experimental results show that the tensile breakout capacity of anchor bolts increases by increasing the member thickness or if surface reinforcement is present. The anchorage capacity further increases with increasing the anchor head size. The anchorage behavior becomes ductile by increasing member thickness or by having surface reinforcement, whereas it becomes stiff and more brittle by increasing the size of anchor head. To account for the influence of member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement on the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors, the CC method was modified and extended by incorporating three modification factors.
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| 13. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Numerical Evaluation of Structural Behavior of the Simply Supported FRP-RC Beams
- 2012
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main problem of steel-reinforced concrete structures is corrosion of steel reinforcements which leads to premature failure of concrete structures. This problem costs a lot annually to rehabilitate and repair concrete structures. In order to improve the long-term performance of reinforced concrete structures and for preventing this corrosion problem, conventional steel bars in concrete can be substituted by Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars. In this study the structural behavior and performance of the simply supported concrete beams reinforced with the FRP bars are numerically evaluated and compared with the conventionally steel-reinforced concrete beams. The commercial Finite Element program, ABAQUS, was used for this purpose and the ability of the Concrete Damage Plasticity constitutive model for concrete was investigated for modeling the non-linear behavior and fracture of the concrete material. Two different cases were considered for evaluating the structural behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete beams; case (a) effect of different types and ratios of reinforcements, and case (b) effect of different concrete qualities. For the first case, different reinforcement types (i.e., CFRP, GFRP, AFRP and steel bars) and various reinforcement ratios were considered and the concrete material assumed to be of normal strength quality (NSC). For the second case, it was assumed that the concrete for all the FE models has high strength quality (HSC) and hence, for comparing the results of the HSC and NSC models, the mechanical properties of the reinforcements were considered to be identical as the first case. The results of modeling are presented in terms of; moment vs. mid-span deflection curves, compressive strain in the outer fiber of concrete, tensile strain in the lower tensile reinforcement, cracking and ultimate moments, service and ultimate deflections, deformability factor and mode of failure. Finally, the results of simulations are compared with predictions of several design models including ISIS Canada Model, ACI 440-H and CSA S806-02 standards.
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| 14. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Numerical Modelling and Experimental Verification of Pullout Loading of Anchor Bolts in Reinforced Concrete Structures
- 2016
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In: IABSE CONGRESS, STOCKHOLM, 2016. - CH - 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. - 9783857481444 ; , s. 2172-2178
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to provide a numerical model which can realistically present the failure load and failure mechanism of pullout loaded anchor bolts (headed studs) in reinforced concrete structures. The numerical analysis is carried out through a three-dimensional finite element (FE) code based on the Microplane constitutive law. The intension is to calibrate the FE model and to verify the numerical results against available test results. The calibrated FE model is intended to be used for an ongoing study to evaluate the influence of member thickness, surface reinforcement and size of anchor head on the tensile capacity and performance of anchor bolts.The simulation results showed very good agreements with the available test results. The objectivity of numerical modelling in respect to the size of finite elements as well as the defined boundary conditions was confirmed by additional numerical analyses.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Sustained load performance of adhesive fastening systems in concrete
- 2017
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In: Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems. - Leiden : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138028470 ; , s. 2365-2371
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Influence of several sustained loading levels and various in-service conditions on the long-term performance of adhesive bonded anchors are experimentally evaluated. Adhesive bonded anchors with 16 and 20 mm diameters were subjected to sustained load levels between approximately 23 and 70% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. The creep deformation of tested adhesive anchors was monitored over approximately 28 years. The tested in-service conditions were indoor, outdoor, wetness (i.e. water on the surface of concrete) and presence in the concrete of salt additives. The tested adhesive anchors in the indoor conditions could carry sustained loads up to 47% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. However, the adhesive anchors under outdoor environment showed larger creep deformations and failure occurred for anchors subjected to sustained loads higher than 23% of the anchors’ mean ultimate short-time capacities. Wet condition seemed to have no adverse effect on the anchors’ creep behavior, but caused corrosion of the steel in the anchors over time. Salt additives in concrete had negligible influence on the long-term performance and creep deformation of the tested adhesive anchors
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| 17. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Tensile breakout capacity of cast-in-place headed anchors in concrete
- 2017
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In: XXIIIth Symposium on Nordic Concrete Research & Developement. - Oslo, Norway. - 9788282080569 ; , s. 235-238
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement on the tensile breakout capacity of cast-in-place headed anchors was studied both numerically and experimentally. The aim of this paper is to form a background for developing improved methods for the design of new fastening systems as well as the assessment of the current anchorage systems in practice. Numerical and experimental results showed that the tensile breakout capacity of anchor bolts increases by increasing the member thickness or if surface reinforcement is present. Furthermore, the anchorage capacity increases with increasing the anchor head size.
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| 18. |
- Nilforoush, Rasoul, et al.
(author)
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Tensile capacity of anchor bolts in uncracked concrete : Influence of member thickness and anchor’s head size
- 2017
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In: ACI Structural Journal. - : American Concrete Institute. - 0889-3241 .- 1944-7361. ; 114:6, s. 1519-1530
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the influence of concrete member thickness and size of anchor head on the tensile capacity and performance of anchor bolts in concrete. Anchor bolts at various embedment depths (hef=50 – 500 mm (1.97 – 19.69 in.)) in concrete members of various thicknesses (H=1.5 – 5.0∙hef) were simulated. Three different sizes of anchor head (small, medium and large) were considered at each anchor embedment depth. The numerical results were compared with predictions from several theoretical and empirical models, including current design models, as well as some test results.The numerical results show that the concrete cone resistance increases with increasing thickness of concrete member and/or size of the anchor head. Simulations also indicate that current design models generally underestimate the tensile capacity of large anchors.Two modification factors are proposed to account for the influence of the member thickness and the size of anchor head. Predictions of anchorage capacity using the proposed modification factors have good correlation with the available test results found in the literature.
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| 19. |
- Nilimaa, Jonny, et al.
(author)
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A Direct Tensile Strength Testing Method for Concrete from Existing Structures
- 2023
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In: CivilEng. - : MDPI. - 2673-4109. ; 4:1, s. 333-344
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tensile strength is a crucial property for the function, safety and durability of all concrete structures. The general procedure to assess the tensile properties of concrete from existing structures is to perform indirect tests and predict the tensile strength based on established empirical relationships. In this study, the direct tensile strength of concrete was investigated using cylindrical specimens. The aim of the study was to propose, test and evaluate a general method for direct tensile tests of concrete from existing structures. A total of 16 specimens were tested under deformation-controlled tensile-loading until failure. The concrete samples were prepared with 10 or 15 mm grooves at mid-height to obtain cracking in the groove region, where the crack-opening sensors were installed. The load and corresponding deformation were recorded continuously during the test to obtain the load–crack-width relationship of the concrete. The tests showed that the method can be used to assess the tensile properties of concrete from existing structures. The study provides important insights regarding the assessment of direct tensile strength of concrete and the results can be used to improve the structural health monitoring of existing structures and thereby ensure their safety and durability.
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| 20. |
- Nilimaa, Jonny, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Testing to Failure of a 55-year-old Prestressed Concrete Bridge in Kiruna : Bending, Shear and Punching of Girders and Slab. Fracture Properties of Materials. Test Results, Modelling and Assessment. Final Report BBT 2017-030
- 2020
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results are presented from the testing to failure of a 55-year-old prestressed concrete bridge with five continuous spans and a total length of 121.5 m. The bridge was situated in Kiruna in northern Sweden. Results are given from load, deflection and strain measurements during bending-shear tests of the girders and from a punching test of the slab. The testing was carried out in June 2014.Extensive assessment and modelling of the bridge with finite element methods have taken place and is summarized. The strength of the bridge was much higher than what could be found with ordinary code methods. The advanced non-linear models were, after calibration, able to predict the behaviour in a good way.In numerical assessments of concrete bridges, the value of the concrete tensile strength fct and the fracture energy GF plays an important role. However, mostly these properties are only estimated based on the concrete compressive strength using empirical formulae. In order to study methods to determine the concrete tensile strength and fracture energy for existing bridges, tests were carried out in 2019 on notched cylindrical concrete cores drilled out from the Kiruna Bridge. Different methods to determine the concrete fracture energy are discussed and recommendations are given for assessment procedures.
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| 21. |
- Nilimaa, Jonny, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Uniaxial tensile test method for cylindrical concrete cores from existing structures
- 2022
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In: 24th NCR Symposium Proceedings. - : Nordic Concrete Federation.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for direct tensile tests on cylindrical concrete cores from existing structures was developed at Luleå University of Technology and the method was tested on concrete from a 55 year old bridge from northern Sweden. The tests showed that the tensile strength of the concrete could be upgraded to a higher value.
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| 22. |
- Täljsten, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of prestressed concrete bridges - challenges
- 2020
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In: IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020. - Zürich : International Association For Bridge And Structural Engineering (IABSE). ; , s. 487-494
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prestressed concrete bridges are important parts of our infrastructure. They are susceptible to different kinds of deterioration processes. Examples of damages and deficiencies are cracking, corrosion, voids, bond loss, reduction of cover layer, delamination, fatigue and loss of stiffness and strength. This necessitates methods to continuously assess their condition in order to avoid problems that might lead to shorter service life or reduction of structural integrity. Many of the existing prestressed bridges in Europe are now approaching their design life length. However, with proper and continuous inspection, monitoring and assessment, we may plan proactive maintenance and the structural safety can be assured or – if necessary - increased. This will save both money and decrease the environmental impact of the structure.
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| 23. |
- Täljsten, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Wireless monitoring for assessment of concrete railway bridges – Experiences from field tests
- 2022
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In: 24th NCR Symposium Proceedings. - : Nordic Concrete Federation.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focus on assessment on a prestressed three span concrete box bridge by the use of a wireless monitoring system in combination with visual inspection. The bridge is located in the very north of Sweden, in Abisko. A visual inspection of the bridge carried out the 18th of August in 2016 several crack patterns were mapped on the inside of the box girder bridge located near supports in the spans on both sides of the bridge. The cause of the cracks are not completely clear. To reveal the reason for cracking a long term project has been initiated by Trafikverket. Here a new developed wireless system has been used. Investigating change in crack widths by the use of LVDTs and strain gauges. Also accelerations are monitored together with the temperatures. In addition also fibre optic systems and non-destructive tests were carried out (not reported here). The results/conclusions presented in the paper are preliminary and final results will be presented 2021.
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