| 1. |
- Baghdassarian, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Auditory brainstem response (ABR) profiling tests as diagnostic support for schizophrenia and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- 2018
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In: Acta Neuropsychiatrica. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-2708 .- 1601-5215. ; 30:3, s. 137-147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the performances of two auditory brainstem response (ABR) profiling tests as potential biomarkers and diagnostic support for schizophrenia and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), respectively, in an investigator-initiated blinded study design.Method: Male and female patients with schizophrenia (n=26) and adult ADHD (n=24) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV) diagnostic criteria and healthy controls (n=58) comprised the analysis set (n=108) of the total number of study participants (n=119). Coded sets of randomized ABR recordings were analysed by an independent party blinded to clinical diagnoses before a joint code-breaking session.Results: The ABR profiling test for schizophrenia identified schizophrenia patients versus controls with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 93.1%. The ADHD test identified patients with adult ADHD versus controls with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 91.4%.Conclusion: The ABR profiling tests discriminated schizophrenia and ADHD versus healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. The methods deserve to be further explored in larger clinical studies including a broad range of psychiatric disorders to determine their utility as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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| 2. |
- Einberg, Eva-Lena, et al.
(author)
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Tonårsflickors vardag och hälsa
- 2017
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In: Barnsliga sammanhang. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. ; :5, s. 79-90
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Självskattad psykisk ohälsa ökar bland ungdomar och det finns tydliga skillnader mellan flickor och pojkar. Fler flickor rapporterar symtom på ohälsa och dessa skillnader har ökat över tid. Det är fler flickor som rap- porterar att de känner sig stressade och färre flickor uppger att de trivs med livet jämfört med pojkar. Flickor är medvetna om kraven på deras utseende och kravet på att lyckas i livet. De är också medvetna om de könsskillnader som finns både i skolan och media och som påverkar dem. Samhörighet med kamrater och familj är betydelsefullt liksom trygghet i form av tillit till kamrater och att känna sig trygg där de vistas enligt tonårsflickorna själva. Detta kapitel kommer att handla om tonårsflickors hälsa och hur tonårs- flickor själva upplever sin vardag, vilket kommer att belysas med resultat från en forskningsstudie, samt diskuteras utifrån ett genusperspektiv och Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Magnus Pär, et al.
(author)
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The association of body mass index, weight gain and central obesity with activity-related breathlessness : the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study
- 2019
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In: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 74:10, s. 958-964
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Breathlessness is common in the population, especially in women and associated with adverse health outcomes. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2)) is rapidly increasing globally and its impact on breathlessness is unclear.Methods: This population-based study aimed primarily to evaluate the association of current BMI and self-reported change in BMI since age 20 with breathlessness (modified Research Council score >= 1) in the middle-aged population. Secondary aims were to evaluate factors that contribute to breathlessness in obesity, including the interaction with spirometric lung volume and sex.Results: We included 13 437 individuals; mean age 57.5 years; 52.5% women; mean BMI 26.8 (SD 4.3); mean BMI increase since age 20 was 5.0 kg/m(2); and 1283 (9.6%) reported breathlessness. Obesity was strongly associated with increased breathlessness, OR 3.54 (95% CI, 3.03 to 4.13) independent of age, sex, smoking, airflow obstruction, exercise level and the presence of comorbidities. The association between BMI and breathlessness was modified by lung volume; the increase in breathlessness prevalence with higher BMI was steeper for individuals with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). The higher breathlessness prevalence in obese women than men (27.4% vs 12.5%; p<0.001) was related to their lower FVC. Irrespective of current BMI and confounders, individuals who had increased in BMI since age 20 had more breathlessness.Conclusion: Breathlessness is independently associated with obesity and with weight gain in adult life, and the association is stronger for individuals with lower lung volumes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(author)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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In: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Adult-onset asthma and wheeze among irritant-exposed bleachery workers.
- 2003
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In: American journal of industrial medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586. ; 43:5, s. 532-538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Whether new-onset asthma is associated with irritant exposure is unclear. The aim was to investigate if occupational exposure to irritant gases, especially repeated peak exposure (gassings), increased the risk of obstructive airways disease. Methods Data on airway symptoms and exposure among bleachery (n=101) and paper department workers (n=314) were collected by a questionnaire. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) (Cox regression) were calculated. Non-responders were interviewed by telephone. Results The incidence rate for adult-onset physician-diagnosed asthma among bleachery workers reporting gassings giving rise to respiratory symptoms was 7.6/103 person-years and for those without gassings 2.2/103 person-years, compared to 1.0/103 person-years for paper workers. In a Cox regression model for asthma (n=12), stratified for sex, HR for gassings were 5.6 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.6–20), for hay fever 3.0 (95% CI 0.8–11), and for ever smoking 0.7 (95% CI 0.2–2.4). The same model for adult-onset wheeze gave HR of 5.2 (95% CI 2.2–12), 1.7 (95% CI 0.6–5.4), and 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–2.7), respectively. Conclusions Repeated peak exposure to irritant gases, here studied as gassings in the pulp industry, increased the risk for both adult-onset asthma and wheeze.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Gunnel, 1958-
(author)
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Urinary incontinence : prevalence, treatment seeking behaviour, experiences, and perceptions among persons with and without urinary leakage
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to describe urinary incontinence (UI) from a population perspective and to describe experiences and perceptions of UI from an individual perspective. This includes assessing the prevalence of urinary incontinence as well as describing treatment seeking and experiences of living with UI. A secondary aim was to describe the perception of UI among cultures other than the Swedish mainstream, exemplified in this case by Syrian women living in Sweden. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, including questionnaires and interviews. Studies I and II were quantitative studies based on a population-based study. Together with a postal survey on general health and living conditions “Life & Health”, a questionnaire on urinary incontinence was sent out to 15 360 randomly-selected residents aged 18-79 in Orebro County, Sweden. In Study I, UI was found to affect 19%. The majority of the respondents experienced minor problems, and only 18% of those reporting UI wanted treatment. However, there was also a group who reported severe problems, but despite this 42% of them did not want treatment. Study II investigated why people with UI refrain from seeking care and treatment. It was found that the desire for treatment was regulated by the frequency of UI, being restricted from participating in various activities, the degree of inconvenience, and the type of UI. Studies III and IV were both qualitative interview studies, describing older women’s experiences of living with UI (Study III) and Syrian women’s perceptions of UI (Study IV). There were similarities between the results of these two studies; the women described UI as a normal and expected problem, and they knew that the district nurse could prescribe incontinence protections and that treatments existed. In both studies, the women expressed difficulties in making contact with the health care service, while the women who did not speak Swedish (Study IV) also had difficulties due to different communication problems. In conclusion, it is important that health care resources are optimized to identify and meet the needs of those who experience major problems with UI, and that there is awareness of the communication difficulties that can be present in meeting with people who speak other languages. However it is also important not to medicalize those who experience minor problems and who have the desire to manage on their own.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Arne, Gabriella, et al.
(author)
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) express somatostatin receptors and bind radiolabeled somatostatin analogs.
- 2013
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In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 52:4, s. 783-792
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can be effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, some patients with GIST develop drug resistance, and alternative treatment strategies are therefore needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR) in GIST as a target for peptide receptor-mediated radiotherapy (PRRT). Material and methods. Expression profiling of SSTR1-5 was performed on biopsies from 34 GISTs (16 gastric tumors, 15 small intestinal tumors, and three rectal tumors). SSTR scintigraphy ((111)In-octreotide) and measurement of (111)In activity in tumor specimens was performed in seven patients. Uptake and internalization of (177)Lu- octreotate was studied in primary cell cultures from two patients. Results. Quantitative PCR analysis showed expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 in the majority of tumors, while SSTR3-5 were expressed at low levels. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of SSTR1 and SSTR2 proteins in all GISTs, and SSTR3-5 in a subset of tumors. Diagnostic imaging by SSTR scintigraphy, using (111)In-octreotide, demonstrated tumor uptake of (111)In in three of six GIST patients. Measurement of (111)In activity in excised tumor specimens from five patients gave tumor-to-blood (T/B) activity ratios of between eight and 96. Tumor cells in primary culture (gastric and small intestinal GIST) specifically bound and internalized (177)Lu when incubated with the therapeutic compound (177)Lu-octreotate for 4-48 hours (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Peptide receptor-mediated radiotherapy via SSTR may provide a novel treatment strategy in carefully selected GIST patients with TKI-resistant tumors.
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| 14. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Patient reported long-term side effects from treatment on urinary and sexual function in anal cancer survivors-3-and 6-year results from the Swedish national ANCA study
- 2024
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In: COLORECTAL DISEASE. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The standard treatment for anal cancer is chemoradiotherapy. Most patients survive anal cancer but remain living with long-term side effects related to the treatment received. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of long-term impairment of urinary and sexual function at 3 and 6 years after diagnosis and to investigate the additive effect from chemotherapy in combined chemoradiotherapy on urinary incontinence, compared to radiotherapy alone. Method: The ANal CAncer study (ANCA) is based on a national Swedish cohort of patients diagnosed with anal cancer between 2011 and 2013. All identified patients within the study were invited to respond to a study-specific questionnaire at 3 and 6 years. Descriptive analyses for the primary endpoint were performed. To investigate a possible additional effect from chemotherapy logistic regression was used. Results: A total of 388 patients were included in the study. At 3 years 264 patients were alive and invited to respond to an anal cancer specific questionnaire. The 3- and 6 year response rates were 195 (74%) and 155 patients (67%), respectively. The patient reported urinary function impairment at 3 years were urgency (63%), incomplete bladder emptying (47%), and incontinence (46%) and there was an absolute increase of the prevalence of urinary dysfunction in about 10% at 6 years. Three years after diagnosis, 77% reported that intercourse was not part of their sex life; this percentage increased at 6 years to 83%. We found no negative effect of chemotherapy in combined chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone on patient reported urinary incontinence. Conclusion: For anal cancer survivors, urinary function was impaired after 3 years and continued to deteriorate as measured at 6 years after diagnosis. Anal cancer and its treatment negatively affected sexual function for both men and women. This may explain why patients reported that sexual activity and frequency of intercourse was not of importance in their life.
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Patient reported long-term side effects on bowel function and anal pain in anal cancer survivors-3-and 6-year results from the Swedish national ANCA study
- 2023
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In: COLORECTAL DISEASE. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimThe primary therapeutic option for anal cancer treatment is chemoradiotherapy resulting in 80% survival. The aim of this study was to assess long-term bowel function impairment and anal pain at 3 and 6 years after anal cancer diagnosis, based on a hypothesis of an increase in impairment over time. A secondary aim was to investigate if chemoradiotherapy increased the risk for bowel impairment, compared to radiotherapy alone.MethodThe ANal CAncer study (ANCA) consists of a national Swedish cohort of patients diagnosed with anal cancer between 2011-2013. Patients within the study were invited to respond to a study-specific questionnaire at 3- and 6-years after diagnosis. Descriptive analyses for the primary endpoint and ordinal logistic regressions for secondary endpoint were performed.ResultsA total of 388 patients (84%) were included in the study. At 3 years of follow-up, 264 patients were alive. A total of 195 of these patients (74%) answered a study specific questionnaire, and at 6 years 154 patients (67%). Fifty-seven percent experienced bowel urgency at both 3 and 6 years. There was an increased risk for repeated bowel movement within 1 h (OR 2.44 [95% CI: 1.08-5.61, p = 0.03]) at 3 years in patients who had been treated by chemoradiation compared to radiotherapy alone.ConclusionsImpairment in bowel function and anal pain after anal cancer treatment should be expected and remains after 6 years. This suggests that long-term follow-up may be necessary in some form after customary follow-up. The addition of chemotherapy increases long-term side effects of bowel function.
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| 16. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Patient-reported QoL in anal cancer survivors 3 and 6 years after treatment-results from the Swedish national ANCA study
- 2022
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In: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 30:5, s. 4169-4178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The impact of anal cancer treatment for the patients is best evaluated by the patients themselves. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality of life (QoL) in patients with anal cancer at 3 and 6 years after treatment. Methods A Swedish national cross-sectional prospective cohort study with patients diagnosed with anal cancer between 2011 and 2013. Patients were invited to respond to a QoL questionnaire at 3 and 6 years, with focus on bowel, urinary and sexual function, social and mental function, co-morbidity, lifestyle, daily activities, personal characteristics, and perceived QoL. It also contained questions on the severity of the symptoms regarding occurrence, frequency, and duration and the level of "bother" experienced related to functional symptoms. QoL and prevalence of bother with urinary, sexual, bowel dysfunction, and anal pain were described. The prevalence of impaired QoL was compared with a healthy reference population. The association between QoL and experiencing bother was quantified by regression models. Results From an original cohort of 464 patients with anal cancer, 264 (57%) were alive and contacted at 3 years and 230 (50%) at 6 years. One hundred ninety-five (74%) patients responded to the 3-year and 152 (66%) to the 6-year questionnaire. Sixty percent reported low QoL at both 3 and 6 years. Impaired QoL was more prevalent among patients with major bother due to bowel dysfunction (at 3 years RR 1.42, 95% CI (1.06-1.9) p-value 0.020, at 6 years RR 1.52, 95% CI (1.03-2.24) p-value 0.034) and urinary dysfunction (at 6 years RR 1.44, 95% CI (1.08-1.91) p-value 0.013). There was a tendency to a positive relationship between the number of bodily functions causing bother and risk for impaired QoL. Conclusion Patients treated for anal cancer reported bother regarding several bodily functions as well as poor QoL both at 3 and 6 years without much improvement. Bother was also associated with low QoL indicating that function-related bother should be addressed.
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| 17. |
- Bock, David, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Do negative intrusive thoughts at diagnosis predict impaired quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety 3, 12 and 24 months after radical prostatectomy?–a longitudinal study
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 54:3, s. 220-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effect of intrusive thoughts at diagnosis on quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety up to two years after radical prostatectomy. Method: The Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Open (LAPPRO) trial was a prospective, longitudinal multicenter study of 4003 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Questionnaire data were collected preoperatively, at 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results: The group of patients with intrusive thoughts at diagnosis had a statistically significant higher postoperative prevalence of impaired quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety as compared with the group of patients with no or minor intrusive thoughts. The highest risk increase for impaired QoL, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety ≥1/week was at 12, 3 and 3 months, respectively, where the three outcomes increased by 38% (RR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.27–1.49)), 136% (RR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.74–3.19)) and 165% (RR: 2.65; 95%CI: 2.22–3.17)), respectively. Conclusions: The demonstrated link between intrusive thoughts and quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety deliver is further evidence to the idea that intrusive thoughts has potential as an endpoint for assessing and predicting psychological distress among men with prostate cancer diagnosis. Trial registration number: ISRCTN06393679 (www.isrctn.com). Date of registration: 07/02/2008. Retrospectively registered. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 18. |
- Bondesson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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In vitro and in vivo aspects of quantifying intrapulmonary deposition of a dry powder radioaerosol.
- 2002
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In: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - 1873-3476. ; 232:1-2, s. 149-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols can be quantified using gamma scintigraphy. Technetium-99m, the most commonly used radionuclide in scintigraphic studies, cannot be incorporated into the drug molecule and, therefore, may be distributed differently from the drug itself, particularly if the drug is presented as a solid in a liquid suspension or as a dry powder formulation. This study demonstrated the importance of using conditions relevant to the in vivo situation in the in vitro characterisation of a dry powder aerosol of 99mTc-labelled lactose. The influence of inspiratory flow on the distribution of aerosol within the lungs was investigated in eight healthy subjects who inhaled the 99mTc-labelled lactose at four flows (30,40,60 and 80 l/min). No differences in penetration index (PI) or count density distribution of radioactivity were seen, indicating that regional distribution of aerosol in healthy airways was insensitive to differences in the inspiratory effort exerted by the subject while inhaling the experimental dry powder radioaerosol.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brännäs, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Potential toxic effect on aquatic fauna by the dwarf shrub : Empetrum hermaphroditum
- 2004
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In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 30:1, s. 215-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The common evergreen dwarf shrub Empetrum hormaphroditum has influence on the functioning of boreal terrestrial ecosystems in northern Sweden. The negative effects of E. hermaphroditum are partly attributed to the production of the dihydrostilbene, batatasin-III, which is released from leaves and litter by rain and snowmelt. In this study, we investigated whether batatasin-III is carried by runoff into streams and lakes during the snowmelt period and whether it is also potentially hazardous to aquatic fauna. Sampling of water from streams and a lake for which the surrounding terrestrial vegetation is dominated by E. hermaphroditum was done during the snowmelt period in May 1993 and in 1998, and analyzed for batatasin-III. Using 24- and 48-hr standard toxicity tests, we analyzed toxicity to brown trout (Salmo trutta) alevins and juvenile water fleas (Daphnia magna). Toxicity (proportion of dead individuals) to trout was tested at pH 6.5 and compared with that of a phenol within a range of concentrations. In the toxicity (proportion of immobilized indivuals) test on D. magna, the interactive effect of pH (pH 5.5-7.0) was included. Concentration of batatasin-III was generally higher in 1998 than in 1993 and showed peak levels during snowmelt. Concentration in ephemeral runnels > the lake > streams running through clear-cuts dominated by E. hermaphroditum > control streams lacking adjacent E. hermaphroditum vegetation. The maximum concentration of batatasin-III found was 1.06 mg l-1. The proportion of dead yolk sac alevins increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing concentrations of batatasin-III and time of exposure. After 24 hr, EC 50 was 10 mg l-1. It was 2 mg l-1 after 48 hr. The effect of phenol was negligible, indicating a specific phytotoxic effect of the bibenzyl structure of batatasin-III. The proportion of mobile D. magna became significantly smaller (P < 0.001) with increasing concentrations of batatasin-III, with decreasing pH, and with increasing exposure time. EC 50 varied between 7 and 17 mg l-1 at pH 5.5 and 7.0, respectively. After 24 hr EC50 decreased and was 2.5 at pH 5.5 and 12 mg l-1 at pH 7.0. The levels of batatasin-III found in the field samples were below the lowest EC50 in acute toxicity tests. However, in view of the interactive effect of pH and exposure time, this study suggests that this stable plant metabolite may impose a lethal effect on the aquatic fauna in small streams.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Positive and Negative Aspects of Colostomy Irrigation A Patient and WOC Nurse Perspective
- 2010
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In: JOURNAL OF WOUND OSTOMY AND CONTINENCE NURSING. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 37:5, s. 511-516
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Colostomy irrigation (CI) is an effective method to achieve fecal continence in selected persons with a colostomy. The primary aims of the study were to find out to what extent the WOC nurses used CI in their practice and what kind of information the WOC nurses gave patients if they provided explanations and potential solutions when irrigation was not successful in preserving continence. A further aim was to find out, from a patients' perspective, the positive and negative aspects of practicing CI and how they perform CI. METHODS: The study employed a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. Data from WOC nurses were obtained by means of a structured questionnaire and by means of structured telephone interviews with patients who performed CI. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Questionnaires were sent out to 89 WOC nurses in Sweden, and 61 (69%) questionnaires were returned. Thirty-nine patients, median age 67 years, from 5 hospitals participated in the interview study. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of the WOC nurse respondent always informed patients about CI. Forty-four percent of patients did not remember all the information they had been given by the WOC nurse regarding CI before starting with the procedure. Eighty-seven percent reported changing routines from how they initially performed CI over the years. Almost all (97%) of the respondents described positive aspects of CI. The 2 primary positive aspects described by participants were (1) feeling secure and (2) having an empty pouch. CONCLUSION: Persons living with a colostomy who regularly performed CI reported positive benefits associated with the procedure including a feeling of security and having an empty pouch. Despite these potential benefits, not all patients with a colostomy who are appropriate candidates for CI are offered information about the method from the WOC nurses.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Edsfeldt, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Impaired Fibrous Repair: A Possible Contributor to Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability in Patients With Type II Diabetes.
- 2014
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 34:9, s. 2143-2150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is increasing rapidly worldwide. Patients with DM II have a greater atherosclerotic burden and higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Inflammation has been proposed as the main cause for the high risk of atherosclerotic disease in DM II. In this study, we compared markers of inflammation and fibrous repair in plaques from subjects with and without DM II.
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| 24. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Att förebygga psykisk ohälsa i skolan : utvärdering av DISA
- 2017
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In: Barnsliga sammanhang. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. ; :5, s. 111-121
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skolan är en värdefull arena för hälsofrämjande arbete enligt såväl gällande skollag som vägledningsdokument för elevhälsan. På många skolor har livskunskap införts på schemat som ett led i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. De senaste decenniernas rapporter om ökande självrapporterad psykisk ohälsa har även lett till lansering av ett flertal manualbaserade (standardiserade) program med syfte att minska utåtagerande beteende, eller för att förebygga stress, depressiva symtom och ångest. Din Inre Styrka Aktiveras (DISA) är ett skolbaserat program som används frekvent på svenska högstadieskolor, framför allt för flickor, men även för pojkar. En utvärdering av DISA är genomförd i form av en doktorsavhandling (Garmy, 2016). I detta kapitel presenteras en sammanfattningav denna undersökning.
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| 27. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Sömn, medievanor och livsstil hos barn och ungdomar
- 2019
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In: Barnsliga sammanhang. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. - 9789187973437 ; , s. 103-113
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vi vet idag inte tillräckligt om sömnvanor, medievanor och dess relation till andra livsstilsfaktorer såsom fysisk aktivitet och övervikt hos barn och ungdomar. Med förändringarna i samhället förändras också våra barns och ungdomars sömn- och livstilsvanor. Detta är frågor som många ställer till elevhälsan. I detta kapitel kommer resultat från studier om sömn, medievanor och livsstil att beskrivas. Vi kommer även att sätta ljuset på frågor som är angelägna att studera vidare.
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| 28. |
- Gustavsson, Thorbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Fuktsäkra byggnader : en nulägesbeskrivning
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Boverket ser ett behov av en kunskapssammanställning kring nuläget om fuktsäkra byggnader i Sverige för att ha en så bred och korrekt förståelse som möjligt för vem branschen är, vilka regler som tillämpas, var det finns kunskapscentra och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöver stödjas för att branschen ska kunna ta större ansvar. De utmaningar som noteras är: Byggsektorn beredskap och förmåga att möta de nya förändrade byggregler som planeras av Boverket.Den stora andelen fuktrelaterade fel och skador som rapporteras i olika utredningar. Kraven kopplat till fuktrelaterade innemiljöproblem är otydliga och ofta svåra att följa upp. Detta kan leda till fuktrelaterade innemiljöproblem som orsakar lidande för de individer som drabbas.Miljö och klimatfrågan ställer krav både på resurseffektivitet och minskad klimatpåverkan samt resiliens och klimatanpassning. Förändrade boendevanor och brukarvanor som ändrar på förutsättningarna i en byggnad. Fragmentering och specialisering med många aktörer med ansvar för sin del endast. Några utvecklingsområden har noterats. Områden där det behövs både forskning och utveckling av teknik, processer och samarbeten: Kvalitetssäkring av nya material, konstruktioner och produktionsmetoderKompetensutveckling och kompetensspridning.Framtagning och tillgängliggörande av kunskap, teknikutveckling. Samsyn behöver utvecklas när det gäller bl.a. uttorkning i betong och i vilken omfattning byggnader behöver skyddas mot fukt under byggproduktionen. Undersökning av utvecklingsmöjligheter behövs för att ta vara på digitaliseringens möjligheter med sensorer, digitala tvillingar, AI m.m. i samband med fuktsäkerhet. Kartläggningen skulle förstärkas med en bredare internationell utblick. Det tycks finnas en del skillnader både i arbetssätt och erfarenheter kring fuktsäkra byggnader.Förhoppningen är att kartläggning av fuktsäkra byggnader ska bidra till kunskapsspridning om bransch, aktörer, teknik, system, konstruktion, kontroller, drift och underhåll samt forskning och fortsatt utvecklingsarbete.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hammaréus, Filip, et al.
(author)
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Wall shear stress measured with 4D flow CMR correlates with biomarkers of inflammation and collagen synthesis in mild-to-moderate ascending aortic dilation and tricuspid aortic valves
- 2024
-
In: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Understanding the mechanisms underlying ascending aortic dilation is imperative for refined risk stratification of these patients, particularly among incidentally identified patients, most commonly presenting with tricuspid valves. The aim of this study was to explore associations between ascending aortic haemodynamics, assessed using four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow CMR), and circulating biomarkers in aortic dilation. Methods and results Forty-seven cases with aortic dilation (diameter >= 40 mm) and 50 sex-and age-matched controls (diameter < 40 mm), all with tricuspid aortic valves, underwent 4D flow CMR and venous blood sampling. Associations between flow displacement, wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index in the ascending aorta derived from 4D flow CMR, and biomarkers including interleukin-6, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inhibitors of MMPs derived from blood plasma, were investigated. Cases with dilation exhibited lower peak systolic WSS, higher flow displacement, and higher mean oscillatory shear index compared with controls without dilation. No significant differences in biomarkers were observed between the groups. Correlations between haemodynamics and biomarkers were observed, particularly between maximum time-averaged WSS and interleukin-6 (r = 0.539, P < 0.001), and maximum oscillatory shear index and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (r = -0.575, P < 0.001 in cases). Conclusion Significant associations were discovered between 4D flow CMR derived whole-cardiac cycle WSS and circulating biomarkers representing inflammation and collagen synthesis, suggesting an intricate interplay between haemodynamics and the processes of inflammation and collagen synthesis in patients with early aortic dilation and tricuspid aortic valves.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hsiung, Sabrina, et al.
(author)
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Hyperglycemia does not affect tissue repair responses in shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/-mice
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanisms responsible for macrovascular complications in diabetes remain to be fully understood. Recent studies have identified impaired vascular repair as a possible cause of plaque vulnerability in diabetes. This notion is supported by observations of a reduced content of fibrous proteins and smooth muscle cell mitogens in carotid endarterectomy from diabetic patients along with findings of decreased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells. In the present study we used a diabetic mouse model to characterize how hyperglycemia affects arterial repair responses. We induced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) and heterozygous glucokinase knockout ApoE-deficient mice (ApoE-/-GK+/-) mice with a shear stress-modifying cast. There were no differences in cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the ApoE-/-A nd ApoE-/-GK+/-mice. Hyperglycemia did not affect the size of the formed atherosclerotic plaques, and no effects were seen on activation of cell proliferation, smooth muscle cell content or on the expression and localization of collagen, elastin and several other extracellular matrix proteins. The present study demonstrates that hyperglycemia per se has no significant effects on tissue repair processes in injured mouse carotid arteries, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in diabetic plaque vulnerability.
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| 35. |
- Hultman, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Associates With a Vulnerable Plaque Phenotype in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
- 2019
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In: Stroke. - 1524-4628. ; 50:11, s. 3289-3292
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Purpose- Extracellular matrix proteins are important in atherosclerotic disease by influencing plaque stability and cellular behavior but also by regulating inflammation. COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is present in healthy human arteries and expressed by smooth muscle cells. A recent study showed that transplantation of COMP-deficient bone marrow to apoE-/- mice increased atherosclerotic plaque formation, indicating a role for COMP also in bone marrow-derived cells. Despite the evidence of a role for COMP in murine atherosclerosis, knowledge is lacking about the role of COMP in human atherosclerotic disease. Methods- In the present study, we investigated if COMP was associated with a stable or a vulnerable human atherosclerotic plaque phenotype by analyzing 211 carotid plaques for COMP expression using immunohistochemistry. Results- Plaque area that stained positive for COMP was significantly larger in atherosclerotic plaques associated with symptoms (n=110) compared with asymptomatic plaques (n=101; 9.7% [4.7-14.3] versus 5.6% [2.8-9.8]; P=0.0002). COMP was positively associated with plaque lipids (r=0.32; P=0.000002) and CD68 cells (r=0.15; P=0.036) but was negatively associated with collagen (r=-0.16; P=0.024), elastin (r=-0.14; P=0.041), and smooth muscle cells (r=-0.25; P=0.0002). COMP was positively associated with CD163 (r=0.37; P=0.00000006), a scavenger receptor for hemoglobin/haptoglobin and a marker of Mhem macrophages, and with intraplaque hemorrhage, measured as glycophorin A staining (r=0.28; P=0.00006). Conclusions- The present study shows that COMP is associated to symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, CD163-expressing cells, and a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in humans.
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| 36. |
- Israelsson, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of cytokine mRNA expression profiles in tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary
- 2017
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In: Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 1948-5956. ; 9:5, s. 422-429
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Tumor establishment, metastatic spreading and poor survival in ovarian cancer is strongly associated with progressive derangement of the patient’s immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that immune impairment is influenced by the production and presence of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Methods: Cytokine mRNA profiles in tumor tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed in patients with high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary and compared it to patients with benign ovarian conditions and controls with normal ovaries. Cytokine assessment was done by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and specific primers and probes for 12 cytokines-IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, TNF-α, TNF-β/LTA, TGF-β1, and GM-CSF chosen to distinguish between cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Th3/Tr1 and inflammatory responses. Results: The cytokine mRNA response in the HGSC patients was significantly up regulated compared to patients with benign ovarian conditions and normal ovary controls confirming the immunogenicity of HGSC and implying immune recognition and reaction locally in the tumor microenvironment and systemically in the peripheral blood.There was an up-regulation of inflammatory and inhibitory cytokine mRNA promoting tumor progression, T-regulatory cell priming and T-regulatory cell-mediated immune suppression. In contrast, there was an inability to mount the crucially important IFN gamma response needed for upregulation of the cytotoxic anti-tumor response in the local microenvironment. In addition, systemic IL-4- mediated Th2 response prevailed in the peripheral blood deviating the systemic defense towards humoral immunity. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest local and systemic cytokine cooperation promoting tumor survival, progression and immune escape. Our study confirms and extends previous investigations and contributes to the evaluation of potential cytokine candidates for diagnostic cytokine mRNA profiles and for future therapeutic interventions based on cytokine inhibition.
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| 37. |
- Israelsson, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of cytokine mRNA expression profiles in tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 29, s. A138-A138
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction/Background Tumor establishment, metastatic spreading and poor survival in ovarian cancer is strongly associated with progressive derangement of the patient‘s immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that immune impairment is influenced by the production and presence of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment.Methodology Cytokine mRNA profiles in tumor tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed in patients with high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary and compared it to patients with benign ovarian conditions and controls with normal ovaries. Cytokine assessment was done by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and specific primers and probes for 12 cytokines-IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, TNF-α, TNF-β/LTA, TGF-β1, and GM-CSF chosen to distinguish between cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Th3/Tr1 and inflammatory responses.Results The cytokine mRNA response in the HGSC patients was significantly up regulated compared to patients with benign ovarian conditions and normal ovary controls confirming the immunogenicity of HGSC and implying immune recognition and reaction locally in the tumor microenvironment and systemically in the peripheral blood.There was an up-regulation of inflammatory and inhibitory cytokine mRNA promoting tumor progression, T-regulatory cell priming and T-regulatory cell-mediated immune suppression. In contrast, there was an inability to mount the crucially important IFN gamma response needed for upregulation of the cytotoxic anti-tumor response in the local microenvironment. In addition, systemic IL-4- mediated Th2 response prevailed in the peripheral blood deviating the systemic defense towards humoral immunity.Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest local and systemic cytokine cooperation promoting tumor survival, progression and immune escape. Our study confirms and extends previous investigations and contributes to the evaluation of potential cytokine candidates for diagnostic cytokine mRNA profiles and for future therapeutic interventions based on cytokine inhibition.
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| 38. |
- Israelsson, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Cytokine mRNA and protein expression by cell cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer : Methodological considerations on the choice of analytical method for cytokine analyses
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1046-7408 .- 1600-0897. ; 84:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Problem: To get a comprehensive picture of cytokine expression in health and disease is difficult, cytokines are transiently and locally expressed, and protein analyses are burdened by biological modifications, technical issues, and sensitivity to handling of samples. Thus, alternative methods, based on molecular techniques for cytokine mRNA analyses, are often used. We compared cytokine mRNA and protein expression to evaluate whether cytokine mRNA profiles can be used instead of protein analyses.Method of study: In kinetic experiments, cytokine mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta/LTA were studied using real-time RT-qPCR and Luminex(R) microarrays in the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and the T-cell line Jurkat, after activation of transcription by thermal stress. In addition, we analyzed IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein in a small number of ovarian cancer patients.Results: Ovarian cancer cells can express cytokines on both mRNA and protein level, with 1-4 hours' time delay between the mRNA and protein peak and a negative Spearman correlation. The mRNA and protein expression in patient samples was poorly correlated, reflecting previous studies.Conclusion: Cytokine mRNA and protein expression levels show diverging results, depending on the material analyzed and the method used. Considering the high sensitivity and reproducibility of real-time RT-qPCR, we suggest that cytokine mRNA profiles could be used as a proxy for protein expression for some specific purposes, such as comparisons between different patient groups, and in defining mechanistic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and other pathological conditions.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Demonstration of mitochondrial oestrogen receptor beta and oestrogen-induced attenuation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2007
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In: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 52:7, s. 669-676
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) protein, but cellular functions regulated by ERbeta in these cells have not been identified. In this study we determine if ERbeta is localised to mitochondria and if oestrogen regulates mitochondrial function in human PDL cells obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. DESIGN: Subcellular distribution of ERbeta was determined by confocal microscopy of cells co-stained with ERbeta antibody and the mitochondrion-selective probe MitoTracker and by immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was determined by Western blotting in cells treated with or without physiological concentrations of the endogenous oestrogen 17beta-oestradiol. RESULTS: ERbeta immunoreactivity was observed both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. MitoTracker-labelling was observed in the cytoplasm, especially in the perinuclear region, but not in the nuclei. Co-localisation of ERbeta and MitoTracker was observed in cells derived from both male and female subjects. Mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Cells treated with or without 17beta-oestradiol (100 nM) displayed an identical pattern of staining for mitochondria. Treatment with 100 nM 17beta-oestradiol attenuated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, while combined treatment with 17beta-oestradiol and the ER blocker ICI 182780 (10 microM) had no effect. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta and oestrogen-induced decrease in the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in human PDL cells, suggesting that oestrogen probably via ERbeta influences mitochondrial function and PDL cell energy
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Håkan K R, et al.
(author)
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Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.
- 2004
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 287:1, s. E1-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise alone or in combination with oral intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on phosphorylation of the 70-kDa S6 protein kinase (p70(S6k)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle. Seven male subjects performed one session of quadriceps muscle resistance training (4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum) on two occasions. In a randomized order, double-blind, crossover test, subjects ingested a solution of BCAA or placebo during and after exercise. Ingestion of BCAA increased plasma concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine during exercise and throughout recovery after exercise (2 h postexercise), whereas no change was noted after the placebo trial. Resistance exercise led to a robust increase in p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Ser(424) and/or Thr(421), which persisted 1 and 2 h after exercise. BCAA ingestion further enhanced p70(S6k) phosphorylation 3.5-fold during recovery. p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Thr(389) was unaltered directly after resistance exercise. However, during recovery, Thr(389) phosphorylation was profoundly increased, but only during the BCAA trial. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 was also increased in the recovery period only during the BCAA trial. Exercise led to a marked increase in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which was completely suppressed upon recovery and unaltered by BCAA. In conclusion, BCAA, ingested during and after resistance exercise, mediate signal transduction through p70(S6k) in skeletal muscle.
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| 42. |
- Kruse, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Large scale discovery of coronavirus-host factor protein interaction motifs reveals SARS-CoV-2 specific mechanisms and vulnerabilities
- 2021
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Viral proteins make extensive use of short peptide interaction motifs to hijack cellular host factors. However, most current large-scale methods do not identify this important class of protein-protein interactions. Uncovering peptide mediated interactions provides both a molecular understanding of viral interactions with their host and the foundation for developing novel antiviral reagents. Here we describe a viral peptide discovery approach covering 23 coronavirus strains that provides high resolution information on direct virus-host interactions. We identify 269 peptide-based interactions for 18 coronaviruses including a specific interaction between the human G3BP1/2 proteins and an ΦxFG peptide motif in the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. This interaction supports viral replication and through its ΦxFG motif N rewires the G3BP1/2 interactome to disrupt stress granules. A peptide-based inhibitor disrupting the G3BP1/2-N interaction dampened SARS-CoV-2 infection showing that our results can be directly translated into novel specific antiviral reagents.
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| 43. |
- Labani-Motlagh, Alireza, et al.
(author)
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Differential expression of ligands for NKG2D and DNAM-1 receptors by epithelial ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and its influence on NK cell cytotoxicity
- 2016
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In: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 37:4, s. 5455-5466
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancers constitutively produce and secrete into the blood and other biofluids 30-150 nm-sized endosomal vehicles called exosomes. Cancer-derived exosomes exhibit powerful influence on a variety of biological mechanisms to the benefit of the tumors that produce them. We studied the immunosuppressive ability of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) exosomes on two cytotoxic pathways of importance for anticancer immunity-the NKG2D receptor-ligand pathway and the DNAM-1-PVR/nectin-2 pathway. Using exosomes, isolated from EOC tumor explant and EOC cell-line culture supernatants, and ascitic fluid from EOC patients, we studied the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on EOC exosomes and their ability to downregulate the cognate receptors. Our results show that EOC exosomes differentially and constitutively express NKG2D ligands from both MICA/B and ULBP families on their surface, while DNAM-1 ligands are more seldom expressed and not associated with the exosomal membrane surface. Consequently, the NKG2D ligand-bearing EOC exosomes significantly downregulated the NKG2D receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) while the DNAM-1 receptor was unaffected. The downregulation of NKG2D receptor expression was coupled to inhibition of NKG2D receptor-ligand-mediated degranulation and cytotoxicity measured in vitro with OVCAR-3 and K562 cells as targets. The EOC exosomes acted as a decoy impairing the NKG2D mediated cytotoxicity while the DNAM-1 receptor-ligand system remained unchanged. Taken together, our results support and explain the mechanism behind the recently reported finding that in EOC, NK-cell recognition and killing of tumor cells was mainly dependent on DNAM-1 signaling while the contribution of the NKG2D receptor-ligand pathway was complementary and uncertain.
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Anna-Karin A, et al.
(author)
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Duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization after diagnosis: A four-year experience from southern Sweden
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 43:6-7, s. 456-462
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The duration of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is not well known and there is debate as to whether a patient colonized with MRSA ever can be defined as 'MRSA-negative'. Methods: Since 2003 all notified MRSA cases have been systematically followed in Skane County, southern Sweden. Cultures are taken from the nares, throat, perineum and possible skin lesions. Contact tracing is conducted. The screening program continues as long as cultures are positive and then until 1 y of consecutive negative cultures for MRSA is completed. Results: Of the 578 MRSA cases during 2003-2006, 535 were included in this retrospective study. The median duration of colonization with MRSA was 5.9 months. Having household contacts with MRSA, young age, spa-type t002 and colonization in 2 or more locations, were significantly associated with a longer duration of colonization. Having a clinical infection treated with antibiotics (compared to clinical infection with no antibiotic treatment or asymptomatic carriage) was significantly associated with a shorter carriage time. Eradication treatment was associated with a shorter carriage time. Conclusion: These results may have implications for the management of patients with MRSA carriage. The study indicates that MRSA carriage can be defined as 'negative' in a follow-up program and shows the importance of performing contact tracing among household members.
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| 45. |
- Lasaviciute, Gintare, et al.
(author)
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Epstein-Barr Virus, but Not Cytomegalovirus, Latency Accelerates the Decay of Childhood Measles and Rubella Vaccine Responses-A 10-Year Follow-up of a Swedish Birth Cohort
- 2017
-
In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ubiquitous and persistent herpesviruses commonly acquired during childhood. Both viruses have a significant impact on the immune system, especially through mediating the establishment of cellular immunity, which keeps these viruses under control for life. Far less is known about how these viruses influence B-cell responses. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of latent EBV and CMV infection on rubella- and measles-specific antibody responses as well as on the B-cell compartment in a prospective birth cohort followed during the first 10 years of life. Methods: IgG titers against rubella and measles vaccines were measured in plasma obtained from the same donors at 2, 5, and 10 years of age. Peripheral B-cell subsets were evaluated ex vivo at 2 and 5 years of age. Factors related to optimal B-cell responses including IL-21 and CXCL13 levels in plasma were measured at all-time points. Results: EBV carriage in the absence of CMV associated with an accelerated decline of rubella and measles-specific IgG levels (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019, respectively, linear mixed model analysis), while CMV carriage in the absence of EBV associated with delayed IgG decay over time for rubella (p = 0.034). At 5 years of age, EBV but not CMV latency associated with a lower percentage of plasmablasts, but higher IL-21 levels in the circulation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that EBV carriage in the absence of CMV influences the B-cell compartment and the dynamics of antibody responses over time during steady state in the otherwise healthy host.
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| 46. |
- Lindgren, Anna Karin, et al.
(author)
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Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) throat carriage : A randomised trial comparing topical treatment with rifampicin-based systemic therapy
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579. ; 51:4, s. 642-645
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation may prevent transmission of strains between patients and reduces the risk of clinical infection. Colonisation of the throat is associated with prolonged carriage and is more difficult to eradicate. An open randomised study was conducted to evaluate two eradication protocols. Patients with pharyngeal carriage of MRSA were enrolled at six Swedish centres during 4 years. One treatment group received oral rifampicin and either clindamycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) for 7 days in combination with nasal mupirocin. Patients in the other group were treated with nasal mupirocin only. Patients in the same household were randomised together. Both groups followed a hygiene protocol including chlorhexidine washing. Cultures from the nares, perineum and throat were taken at baseline and then at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after the end of treatment. A total of 28 patients received rifampicin-based systemic antibiotics and 24 subjects received mupirocin only. At follow-up 6 months after the end of treatment, 61% of patients and 50% of households in the systemic antibiotics group had culture results negative for MRSA. Significantly less patients (12%) and households (10%) became decolonised in the group receiving topical treatment only. A combination of rifampicin and either clindamycin or SXT was more effective in eliminating pharyngeal MRSA carriage compared with topical treatment with mupirocin only.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lindström, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Schizofreni - läkemedelsbehandling, patientens delaktighet och vårdens organisation : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Schizofreni är i de flesta fall en kronisk och invalidiserande psykisk sjukdom. Antipsykotiska läkemedel (neuroleptika) är namnet på den grupp läkemedel som är avsedd att lindra de psykotiska symtomen som uppstår vid schizofreni. Antipsykotiska läkemedel kan indelas i första generationens antipsykotika och andra generationens antipsykotika. Denna litteraturöversikt kompletterar SBU:s systematiska översikt från år 1997 med en granskning av andra generationens antipsykotika. I översikten ingår också ett kapitel om den kunskap man idag har om hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin medverkan och sin delaktighet i behandling och vård. Dessutom ingår ett kapitel där man undersökt värdet av integrerade vårdformer för personer med olika psykiatriska tillstånd där huvuddelen av dem har schizofreni.
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| 49. |
- Mannes, Marco, et al.
(author)
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Complement and platelets : prothrombotic cell activation requires membrane attack complex-induced release of danger signals
- 2023
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In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 7:20, s. 6367-6380
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Complement activation in the diseases paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) results in cytolysis and fatal thrombotic events, which are largely refractory to anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy. Anticomplement therapy, however, efficiently prevents thrombotic events in PNH and aHUS, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. We show that complement-mediated hemolysis in whole blood induces platelet activation similarly to activation by adenosine 5 '-diphosphate (ADP). Blockage of C3 or C5 abolished platelet activation. We found that human platelets failed to respond functionally to the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Instead, complement activation did lead to prothrombotic cell activation in the whole blood when membrane attack complex (MAC)-mediated cytolysis occurred. Consequently, we demonstrate that ADP receptor antagonists efficiently inhibited platelet activation, although full complement activation, which causes hemolysis, occurred. By using an established model of mismatched erythrocyte transfusions in rats, we crossvalidated these findings in vivo using the complement inhibitor OmCI and cobra venom factor. Consumptive complement activation in this animal model only led to a thrombotic phenotype when MAC-mediated cytolysis occurred. In conclusion, complement activation only induces substantial prothrombotic cell activation if terminal pathway activation culminates in MAC-mediated release of intracellular ADP. These results explain why anticomplement therapy efficiently prevents thromboembolisms without interfering negatively with hemostasis.
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| 50. |
- Myhrinder, Anna Lanemo, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Molecular characterization of neoplastic and normal "sister" lymphoblastoid B-cell lines from chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2013
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In: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 54:8, s. 1769-1779
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells resemble self-renewing CD5 + B-cells carrying auto/xeno-antigen-reactive B-cell receptors (BCRs) and multiple innate pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors and scavenger receptors. Integration of signals from BCRs with multiple surface membrane receptors determines whether the cells will be proliferating, anergic or apoptotic. To better understand the role of antigen in leukemogenesis, CLL cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will facilitate structural analysis of antigens and supply DNA for genetic studies. We present here a comprehensive genotypic and phenotypic characterization of available CLL and normal B-cell-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from the same individuals (n = 17). Authenticity and verification studies of CLL-patient origin were done by IGHV sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA/short tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting. Innate B-cell features, i.e. natural Ab production and CD5 receptors, were present in most CLL cell lines, but in none of the normal LCLs. This panel of immortalized CLL-derived cell lines is a valuable reference representing a renewable source of authentic Abs and DNA.
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