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1.
  • Karlsson, Håkan K R, et al. (author)
  • Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.
  • 2004
  • In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 287:1, s. E1-7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise alone or in combination with oral intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on phosphorylation of the 70-kDa S6 protein kinase (p70(S6k)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle. Seven male subjects performed one session of quadriceps muscle resistance training (4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum) on two occasions. In a randomized order, double-blind, crossover test, subjects ingested a solution of BCAA or placebo during and after exercise. Ingestion of BCAA increased plasma concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine during exercise and throughout recovery after exercise (2 h postexercise), whereas no change was noted after the placebo trial. Resistance exercise led to a robust increase in p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Ser(424) and/or Thr(421), which persisted 1 and 2 h after exercise. BCAA ingestion further enhanced p70(S6k) phosphorylation 3.5-fold during recovery. p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Thr(389) was unaltered directly after resistance exercise. However, during recovery, Thr(389) phosphorylation was profoundly increased, but only during the BCAA trial. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 was also increased in the recovery period only during the BCAA trial. Exercise led to a marked increase in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which was completely suppressed upon recovery and unaltered by BCAA. In conclusion, BCAA, ingested during and after resistance exercise, mediate signal transduction through p70(S6k) in skeletal muscle.
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2.
  • Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al. (author)
  • Ledarskap ur koncernchefsperspektiv
  • 1998
  • Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Många tecken tyder på att vi är mitt inne i ett paradigmskifte, där ett nytt sätt att bedriva verksamhet påverkar såväl tillverkande industri som privat och offentlig serviceverksamhet. Detta nya sätt att bedriva verksamhet karakteriseras av att samtliga människor inom en organisation engageras i att använda alla sina resurser, inklusive sin inneboende kreativitet, till att på bästa sätt tillgodose eller överträffa kunders förväntningar. Denna förändring ställer i sin tur nya krav på ledarstil, förankring av visioner och mål, motivationssystem, kontinuerligt lärande och processynsätt. Toppledarens betydelse för större förändringar i inriktning och grundläggande värderingar, dvs. ett paradigmskifte, har påpekats av många forskare och i litteraturen förekommer flera exempel på betydelsen av toppledares involvering och engagemang i större förändringsprocesser, både från Sverige och i internationella företag. Boken baseras på intervjuer med tolv koncernchefer vid några av Sveriges största företag: Astra, Electrolux, Posten, SAS, S-E Banken, SJ, Skandia, SKF, Stora, Telia, Tetra-Laval och Vattenfall. Boken presenterar och analyserar koncernchefernas samlade syn på ledarskap och krav på ledaregenskaper, idag och i framtiden. Boken innehåller även en jämförelse med andra ledares uppfattning om ledarskap. På frågor om morgondagens ledarskap; om vad koncerncheferna anser kommer att krävas av storföretagsledare i framtiden och om finns det behov av att förändra och utveckla dagens ledarskap kan svaren sammanfattas i fyra behov: Integritet, förmåga att få med sig sina medarbetare, mångkulturell kompetens samt förmåga att hantera ny teknologi och nya organisationsformer. Dessutom betonade några chefer vikten av att inse att framtidens krav är dagens verklighet, dvs. att framtiden redan är här.
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3.
  • Andersson, B, et al. (author)
  • Ökad fysisk aktivitet viktigt för att bromsa sjukfrånvaron
  • 2015
  • In: Dagens nyheter, DN.
  • Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Försäkringskassans rapport (DN Debatt 27/11 2015) visar att sjukfrånvaron fortsätter att öka och lovar att kraftsamla i sjukförsäkringshandläggningen. Men, precis som Försäkringskassan skriver, kommer det inte att räcka för att nå regeringens mål. Regeringens åtgärdsprograms program i sju punkter för att minska sjukfrånvaron saknar en viktig komponent. Det måste kompletteras med fysisk aktivitet som ett åttonde område för att trenden ska kunna brytas, skriver 13 debattörer.
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4.
  • Andersson, Daniel, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Supply Voltage Drop Study Considering On-Chip Self Inductance of a 32-bit Processor's Power Grid
  • 2009
  • In: 2009 IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects, SPI '09; Strasbourg; France; 12 May 2009 through 15 May 2009. - 9781424444892
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Conventional IR drop analysis suggests that on-chip inductive effects can be neglected when estimating supply voltage drops. We present a supply voltage drop analysis for a commercial 32-bit application processor. Our power grid model uses a backbone RL extracted netlist of the processor's power grid, complemented with capacitances from the processor design and a current signature defined by the worst-case switching test vector, located in the power-up sequence of the processor. Our circuit simulations show that on-chip self inductance makes the actual supply voltage drop deviate by more than 55% and 25% from the ∼6% and ∼8% drop, respectively, of nominal supply voltage that a conventional IR power grid model yields.
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5.
  • Andersson, Eva A, et al. (author)
  • Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises.
  • 1997
  • In: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025 .- 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 75:2, s. 115-23
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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6.
  • Andersson, Eva A, et al. (author)
  • Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion.
  • 1997
  • In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 161:3, s. 361-70
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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7.
  • Andersson, Eva A, 1958-, et al. (author)
  • Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults
  • 2011
  • In: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; :Aug, s. 1-11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.
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8.
  • Andersson, Eva A., et al. (author)
  • Physical activity for persons with obesity—a health project reported
  • 2008
  • In: Forum on Public Policy Online. - : Oxford Round Table. - 1938-9809. ; 4:Spring
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In public health contexts, increased physical activity habits and fitness (aerobic and strength capacities) are positively related for promoting health and preventing  and treating common diseases/problems, including obesity and overweight. A strongly graded inverse association between physical activity and obesity has been shown both for adults and children. However, a lower mortality risk has been shown for those with greater weight but good aerobic capacity than for those of recommended weight but less fit. On the basis of a health project with physical activity for persons with or without obesity, the paper discusses evidence-based methods for promoting physical activity. General guidelines for the amount of physical activity for persons are described, as are the numerous physiological and medical advantages of physical activity. The economic benefits are also illustrated. The paper exemplifies methods of measuring physical activity habits and physical fitness. These two factors must be observed when showing improvements in public-health contexts, including groups with obesity. 
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9.
  • Andersson, Eva A., et al. (author)
  • Äldre blir starkare av Hälsoprojektet
  • 2013
  • In: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - Stockholm : Centrum för idtrottsforskning (CIF). - 1103-4629. ; 22:1, s. 25-27
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • En god kondition och styrka har samband med förbättrad hälsa, minskad förekomst av flera folksjukdomar samt ökad livslängd. Fysiologiska tester kan vara stimulerande för äldre att följa utvecklingen av sin fysiska kapacitet och för olika aktörer som vill göra hälsoutvärderingar.
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10.
  • Andersson, Eva, et al. (author)
  • Can a six-minute shuttle walk test predict maximal oxygen uptake?
  • 2011
  • In: Gazzetta Medica Italiana. - Torino : Minerva Medica. - 0393-3660 .- 1827-1812. ; 170:3, s. 163-70
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim. This study evaluates the results of and correlations between the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test among physically active young adults. Methods. Sixty-three adults (33 females and 30 males) aged 18-38 years participated. 6MWT and a maximal running treadmill test for measurements of VO2max were performed. 6MWT reliability was also evaluated. Results. Mean distance in the 6MWT for the females was 848 (685-976) m and for the males 866 (704-1077) m. The gender differences were considerably less for the 6MWT (2%) than in the VO2max test, both normalized to body weight (21%) and in absolute form (35%). The mean values, for the female and male subjects in the VO2max were 46.7 and 58.9 ml/kg/min and 2.94 and 4.53 l/min, respectively. The data showed a very low, not significant, correlation (r=-0.02-0.32) between walking distance in the 6MWT and VO2max. Conclusions: The 6MWT-distance for this physically active young adult group, which previously not has been studied, was considerably higher than in earlier reports for various other groups. In contrast to several prior studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data, on healthy active adults, showed that distance in the 6MWT cannot predict maximal oxygen uptake. The present results may be related to the low potential of walking as a locomotor form to tax the cardio-respiratory system sufficiently for this group. Since aerobic capacity is correlated with increased survival, these new data and given comparisons with previous reports are specially valuable when evaluating fitness in various sports and health contexts.   
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11.
  • Andersson, Eva, et al. (author)
  • EMG activities of the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles during flexion-relaxation and other motor tasks.
  • 1996
  • In: Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1271 .- 0268-0033. ; 11:7, s. 392-400
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide new information on the myoelectrical activation of the quadratus lumborum, the deep lateral and the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae, the psoas, and the iliacus muscles in various motor tasks. DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed. BACKGROUND: The contribution of individual deep trunk muscles to the stability of the lumbar spine is relatively unknown in different tasks, including the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. METHODS: Seven healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted with a needle guided by ultrasound. RESULTS: The highest activity observed for quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae occurred in ipsilateral trunk flexion in a side-lying position and for superficial medial erector spinae during bilateral leg lift in a prone position. Quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae were activated when the flexion-relaxation phenomenon was present for superficial medial erector spinae, i.e. when its activity ceased in the latter part of full forward flexion of the trunk, held relaxed and kyphotic. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the activation of the investigated muscles showed a high degree of task specificity, where activation of a certain muscle was not always predictable from its anatomical arrangement and mechanical advantage.
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12.
  • Andersson, Eva, et al. (author)
  • Improved Physical Capacity in a Project with Guided Physical Activity for Persons with Depression or Anxiety.
  • 2010
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Higher physical capacity is correlated with increased health. Knowledge in this area regarding psychiatric diseases is sparse.  Purpose: The aim was to study aerobic and several strength capacities in a physical activity project for persons with depression or anxiety. Methods: Eighty-four persons (56 women and 28 men) with depression or anxiety were recruited from psychiatric out-patient clinics in Stockholm. Their mean age and BMI was 46 (21-80) years and 26 (17-41) kg/m2, respectively. 50% were sick-listed. 50% had BMI>25. Aerobic and strength tests were chosen by each subgroup´s project leaders. Directed physical activity was given, in groups 10-15, 1 hour twice/week during 8-12 weeks. Results: Significant changes (p<0.05, of all n=84) between pre- and post tests were seen in submaximal cycle test (11% enhanced values, n=56) and distance of 6 minutes walk test (16%, n=15) as well as in strength tests for the back for the back (i.e. time in static horizontal belly-back, 40%, n=44), abdominal and hip flexors (i.e. number of hip flexion sit-ups, 45%, n=38), leg (i.e. standing with 90O in hips and knees, 48%, n=56) and arm with shoulder muscles (i.e. number of raising weights alternately with the arms, 46%, n=32). Hand grip tests, BMI or blood pressure values did not change significantly. Conclusions: Directed 8-12 weeks physical activity programs can improve physical fitness in individuals with depression or anxiety.
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13.
  • Andersson, Helena M., et al. (author)
  • Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer : effects of active recovery
  • 2008
  • In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 40:2, s. 372-380
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To investigate the time course of recovery from neuromuscular fatigue and some biochemical changes between two female soccer matches separated by an active or passive recovery regime. METHODS: Countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint performance, maximal isokinetic knee flexion and extension, creatine kinase (CK), urea, uric acid, and perceived muscle soreness were measured in 17 elite female soccer players before, immediately after, 5, 21, 45, 51, and 69 h after a first match, and immediately after a second match. Eight players performed active recovery (submaximal cycling at 60% of HRpeak and low-intensity resistance training at < 50% 1RM) 22 and 46 h after the first match. RESULTS: In response to the first match, a significant decrease in sprint performance (-3.0 +/- 0.5%), CMJ (-4.4 +/- 0.8%), peak torque in knee extension (-7.1 +/- 1.9%) and flexion (-9.4 +/- 1.8%), and an increase in CK (+ 152 +/- 28%), urea (15 +/- 2), uric acid (+ 11 +/- 2%), and muscle soreness occurred. Sprint ability was first to return to baseline (5 h) followed by urea and uric acid (21 h), isokinetic knee extension (27 h) and flexion (51 h), CK, and muscle soreness (69 h), whereas CMJ was still reduced at the beginning of the second match. There were no significant differences in the recovery pattern between the active and passive recovery groups. The magnitude of the neuromuscular and biochemical changes after the second match was similar to that observed after the first match. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals differences in the recovery pattern of the various neuromuscular and biochemical parameters in response to a female soccer match. The active recovery had no effects on the recovery pattern of the four neuromuscular and three biochemical parameters.
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14.
  • Andersson, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • Träningslära för rullstolsåkning
  • 2007
  • Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Spridd över hela världen finns det mycket kunskap om rullstolsträning, men det har inte tidigare funnits samlat någonstans. Samtidigt finns behov av ytterligare forskning inom området. Flera års litteraturstudier, erfarenhets – och datainsamling samt forskningsstudier har resulterat i denna bok. En stor del av utrymmet i boken ägnas åt styrketräning då detta är viktigt ur ett idrotts- rehabiliterings- och folkhälsoperspektiv. Detta gäller för såväl rullstolsidrottare som andra rullstolsbrukare. Författarkvartetten som skrivit boken är sammantaget etablerade inom såväl den paralympiska som den olympiska idrotten och också i forskarvärlden.
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15.
  • Askling, Carl, et al. (author)
  • A new hamstring test to complement the common clinical examination before return to sport after injury
  • 2010
  • In: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer-Verlag. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 18:12, s. 1788-1803
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim was to introduce and evaluate the reliability and validity of an active hamstring flexibility test as a complement to common clinical examination when determining safe return to sport after hamstring injury. METHODS: Eleven healthy subjects (28 years) were tested on repeated occasions, and 11 athletes (21 years) with MRI-verified acute hamstring strain were tested when common clinical examination revealed no signs of remaining injury, i.e. there was no differences between the legs in palpation pain, manual strength tests, and passive straight leg raise. Flexibility, i.e. highest range of motion of three consecutive trials, was calculated from electrogoniometer data during active ballistic hip flexions and conventional passive slow hip-flexions in a supine position. A VAS-scale (0-100) was used to estimate experience of insecurity during active tests. RESULTS: No significant test-retest differences were observed. Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged 0.94-0.99 and coefficients of variation 1.52-4.53%. Active flexibility was greater (23%) than passive flexibility. In the athletes, the injured leg showed smaller (8%) active, but not passive, flexibility than the uninjured leg. Average insecurity estimation was 52 (range 28-98) for the injured and 0 for the uninjured leg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The new test showed high reliability and construct validity; furthermore, it seems to be sensitive enough to detect differences both in active flexibility and in insecurity after acute hamstring strains at a point in time when the commonly used clinical examination fails to reveal injury signs. Thus, the test could be a complement to the common clinical examination before the final decision to return to sport is made.
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16.
  • Bergman, Eva, 1959-, et al. (author)
  • Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Lake Vänern : A proposal for a co-management system
  • 2014
  • In: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 17:4, s. 365-373
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Co-management is of increasing interest for fisheries management. We explore possibilities for, and barriers to, developing a co-management system, using threatened populations of landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout as examples. Good management of natural resources requires not only knowledge about the resource but also suitable tools to collect information and make decisions. In large ecosystems this can be difficult because many actors are involved, and various societal borders and traditions become barriers. Vänern is the largest lake in the EU and it holds several distinct populations of large-bodied landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. The lake is used for commercial, subsistence, and sport fishing as well as for other recreational activities, and in Klarälven, the largest river entering Vänern, sport fishing is popular. These salmonid populations were at critically low levels during the 1960s, but a stocking program since then has maintained the fishery, and at least one wild stock appears to be recovering since being protected in 1993. Ecosystem users all have different needs: in the lake, sport fishermen say that catches of hatchery fish have declined, and commercial fishermen have focused on other species. In the river, wild salmon may be recovering: sport fishing is popular and an ongoing project investigates the possibilities for salmon to be able to circumvent hydro-electrical plants and reach historical Norwegian spawning areas. Not only do we lack information about the salmonids’ different life stages, we also lack a suitable socio-political organization to find sustainable solutions to the different needs of diverse user groups. We argue that a co-management system that enfranchises user groups in the Vänern-Klarälven ecosystem will improve sustainable management of wild and hatchery fish.
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17.
  • Bjerkefors, Anna, 1966-, et al. (author)
  • Seated Double-Poling Ergometer Performance of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury - A New Ergometer Concept for Standardized Upper Body Exercise
  • 2013
  • In: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 34:2, s. 176-182
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study aimed to evaluate biomechanics during seated double-poling exercises in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare these with those of able-bodied persons (AB). 26 participants volunteered for the study; 13 with SCI (injury levels C7-T12), and 13 AB. A seated double-poling ergometer (SDPE) was developed. 3-dimensional kinematics was measured and piezoelectric force sensors were used to register force in both poles for calculation of power during incremental intensities. Significantly lower power outputs, (143.2 ± 51.1 vs. 198.3 ± 74.9 W) and pole forces (137.1 ± 43.1 vs. 238.2 ± 81.2 N) were observed during maximal effort in SCI compared to AB. Sagittal upper trunk range of motion increased with intensity and ranged from 6.1–34.8 ° for SCI, and 6.9–31.3 ° for AB, with larger peak amplitudes in flexion for AB (31.4 ± 12.9 °) compared to SCI (10.0 ± 8.0 °). All subjects with SCI were able to exercise on the SDPE. Upper body kinematics, power and force outputs increased with intensity in both groups, but were in general, lower in SCI. In conclusion, the SDPE could be successfully used at low to high work intensities enabling both endurance and strength training for individuals with SCI
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18.
  • Brun Sundblad, Gunilla, et al. (author)
  • Orka hela vägen : Upplevd hälsa, idrotts- och träningsbakgrund bland studenter på en fysiskt inriktad yrkesutbildning.  Lärarstudenter GIH 2008 delrapport 1: 2009
  • 2010
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Sammanfattning Ett sammanfattande porträtt av den nyantagna lärarstudenten vid GIH med utgångspunkt från enkätsvaren ger vid handen en bild av en person, som är ca 21 år gammal, född i Sverige och uppvuxen i en medelstor stad i Mellansverige. Studenten trivdes mycket bra i skolan och var som elev något över medel med MVG i idrott och hälsa. Valet av yrkesutbildning grundade sig på ett stort intresse för idrott, samt en önskan att få jobba med barn och ungdom. Studievalet hade för många påverkats av en tidigare idrotts-lärare, kompisar och familj. En bra lärare i idrott och hälsa är enligt studenten positiv, engagerad, rättvis, bestämd och kunnig. Lärarstudenten ser sig behärska bollspel väl. Störst kunskap och färdighet uppges i fot-boll och alpin skidåkning. Minst kunskap och färdighet skattades i softboll, baseboll, bergsklättring, långfärdsskridskoåkning och i konsten att kunna valla skidor. Många ser sig ha god kunskap om sambandet mellan hälsa, livsstil och miljö, men mindre god om hur en idrottsaktivitet har betydelse för kulturarvet, samband mellan miljö och männi-skans hälsa i ett historiskt och nutidsperspektiv samt i ergonomi. På sin fritid går lärarstudenten ofta på idrottsevenemang, café, tittar på TV och video eller umgås med vänner och familj. Lärarstudenten går sällan på bio och nästan aldrig på tea-ter, museum eller vernissager. "Vad är vernissage?" undrar en student. Hälsan, både fysiskt och psykiskt, skattas som tillfredsställande och man känner ofta hopp, glädje och meningsfullhet. Emellertid finner man sig även ofta stressad på grund av tidsbrist och alla krav. Många kvinnliga studenter (41%) rapporterade ryggont och många, både kvinnor och män, beskrev att de har besvär från en skadad fotled eller knä. De flesta lärarstudenterna är regelbundet fysiskt aktiva och de finner att mängden motion delvis är tillfredsställande. Förväntningarna är höga på utbildningen både att den är mångsidig och kommer att ge ökad kunskap inom olika områden. Under studietiden förväntar man sig att utvecklas och förbättra sin egen fysiska status och hälsa. En student uttrycker det med orden: "Mitt nya liv startar idag". Den sammanfattande bilden av lärarstudenten på GIH liknar den som tidigare har redovisats av Meckbach och Wedman i en liknande studie från maj 2005. Deras studie genomfördes på studenter efter ett års studier på GIH (Meckbach & Wed-man, 2007).
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19.
  • Bustad, Johnny, et al. (author)
  • C1s and O1s gas phase shake-up spectra from Mo(CO)6
  • 1994
  • In: Chemical Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0104 .- 1873-4421. ; 179:3, s. 303-312
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Experimental high-resolution core photoelectron C1s and O1s shake-up spectra of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)(6), are reported and compared with results of semiempirical INDO/CI calculations. Several hitherto unobserved peaks are identified and assigned. It is found that an intra- and inter-group classification can be used to describe the transitions. The transitions of lowest energy have Mo-CO inter-group character. Dynamical effects on the line widths of the experimental shake-up peaks are discussed. A discussion of the relevance of experimental results obtained for the Mo(CO)(6)e for CO adsorption on metal surfaces is presented.
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20.
  • Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean
  • 2013
  • In: Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • IntroductionPower output is a critical component of athletic performance (McGuigan et al., 2012); therefore, strength and conditioning specialists are nowadays employed to help athletes increase the power-generating capacity in specific motor tasks. Due to the widespread need to assess power output in common strength training exercises, the development and validation of various assessment approaches has led to studies aimed at identifying the external optimal load (OL) to maximize power output (Cormie et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to compare conventionally used linear position transducer and force plate based methods with a new methodology for calculation of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) output in conjunction with the load-power relationship.MethodsNineteen male elite athletes performed loaded squat jump (LSJ) and power clean (PC) with different external loads to determine the load/power relationship. Nine methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction force (GRF) i.e. vertical, anterio-posterior and medio-lateral reaction force components, 1 linear encoder (1Encoder), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF; novel method). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors simultaneously used and the results were compared.ResultsPower output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method differed significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF, and 5LPTs+GRF (novel method). The optimal load in LSJ and PC with respect to PP output was identified at loads between 30 and 50% of their body mass (bm), respectively; and with respect to AP output equal to loads between 85 and 75% of bm, respectively.DiscussionThis study indicates that test methodology influences the results of the power output and the load–power relationship in LSJ and PC exercises. The results of this study suggest the possibility that the combined methods provide a better representation of muscle power generation during dynamic movements involving the non-linear trajectories of the barbell than kinematic or kinetic methods alone.ReferencesCormie, P., McBride, J. M., & McCaulley, G. O. (2007). J Appl Biomech, 23(2), 103-118. McGuigan. (2012). Strength and Power Assessment Protocols. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes (2nd ed., pp. 207-230). Stanningley Leeds, United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.
  •  
21.
  • Cardinale, Daniele A., et al. (author)
  • Comparison between single and combined data collection methods in loaded squat jump power output
  • 2017
  • In: Gazzetta Medica Italiana. - 0393-3660 .- 1827-1812. ; 176:6, s. 315-321
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare linear position transducer force plate-based methods and more complex combinations of those for calculation of power output in loaded squat jump.METHODS: Eight methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction forces (GRF), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors used and the results were compared.RESULTS: Power output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method did not differ significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF. No significant differences were found when comparing power output between 5LPTs+GRF and combined methods such as 2LPTs+VGRF.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that test methodology with a simple single linear position transducer setup and or force platform suffice when recording vertical jump such as loaded squat jump.
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22.
  • Carlson, H, et al. (author)
  • Lumbar back muscle activity during locomotion : effects of voluntary modifications of normal trunk movements.
  • 1988
  • In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 133:3, s. 343-53
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The mechanisms of adaptation of the trunk to changed mechanical conditions were studied during locomotion in man. The myoelectrical (EMG) activity in lumbar back muscles and the movements of the trunk were recorded in nine healthy subjects during walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill. Two different types of voluntary modifications of the movement pattern were used: (1) The trunk was kept in an extreme forward or backward tilted position. In both these situations the basic EMG pattern with two periods of activity per stride cycle was maintained during walking, whereas a major shift relative to the stride cycle (25% of the stride cycle duration) occurred in running with the trunk tilted backwards. The synchrony of the back muscle activation at both sides increased when locomotion was performed with the trunk tilted forwards. The relative duration of the EMG bursts was similar to normal locomotion and corresponded to 15-26% of the stride cycle duration in walking and 23-37% in running. (2) In the other type of modification the subjects were instructed to exaggerate the angular trunk movements either in the sagittal or in the frontal plane. The basic EMG pattern and phase relationships remained in most cases unchanged. One exception was running with exaggerated lateral movements, in which only one period of back muscle activity per stride cycle was observed. The relative duration of the bursts was longer in trials with exaggerated trunk movements as compared to normal locomotion. In walking and running with the trunk tilted forwards or backwards the lumbar back muscles were not always involved as prime movers of the trunk. This was in contrast to the more dynamic situations, in which the back muscle activity appeared to be directly involved in braking and reversing the exaggerated trunk movements.
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23.
  • Carlsson, Annelie, et al. (author)
  • Low risk HLA-DQ and increased body mass index in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden
  • 2012
  • In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 36:5, s. 718-724
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: Type 1 diabetes and obesity has increased in childhood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) risk genotypes may be associated with increased body mass index (BMI). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign: The type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA-DQ A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*03:01-B1*03:02 genotype along with lower risk DQ genotypes were determined at the time of clinical onset by PCR and hybridization with allele-specific probes. BMI was determined after diabetes was stabilized. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSubjects: A total of 2403 incident type 1 diabetes children below 18 years of age were ascertained in the Swedish national Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study between May 2005 to September 2009. All children classified with type 1 diabetes, including positivity for at least one islet autoantibody, were investigated. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Overall, type 1 diabetes HLA-DQ risk was negatively associated with BMI (Pandlt;0.0008). The proportion of the highest risk A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*03:01-B1*03:02 genotype decreased with increasing BMI (Pandlt;0.0004). However, lower risk type 1 diabetes DQ genotypes were associated with an increased proportion of patients who were overweight or obese (Pandlt;0.0001). Indeed, the proportion of patients with the low-risk A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype increased with increasing BMI (Pandlt;0.003). The magnitude of association on the multiplicative scale between the A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype and increased BMI was significant (Pandlt;0.006). The odds ratio in patients with this genotype of being obese was 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.21-2.61; Pandlt;0.006). The increased proportion of overweight type 1 diabetes children with the A1*05:01-B1*02:01 haplotype was most pronounced in children diagnosed between 5 and 9 years of age. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: Susceptibility for childhood type 1 diabetes was unexpectedly found to be associated with the A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype and an increased BMI. These results support the hypothesis that overweight may contribute to the risk of type 1 diabetes in children positive for HLA-DQ A1*05:01-B1*02:01.
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24.
  • Carlsson, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • The acute effects of a short technique-intense training period on side-foot kick performance among elite female soccer players
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 59:9, s. 1442-1449
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Previously, it was shown that elite soccer teams were 24% more likely to win matches if their passing effectiveness were increased by 1%. However, research interventions aiming to improve passing performance are scarce. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a short technique-intense training period on side-foot kick performance among elite female soccer players.METHODS: Four side-foot kick tests were completed before and after a training period: kicking a stationary ball using match-relevant (SBRS) and maximal ball speed (SBMS), passing the ball on the move using match-relevant ball speed (RBRS), and repeated side-foot kicks onto a rebound-box with continuously increasing passing distance (RRB). The players were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The training intervention consisted of six 55-min training sessions with five side-foot kick exercises. Within-group and between-group differences were investigated using paired-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively.RESULTS: The intervention group improved the performance in the RBRS and RRB tests (both P < 0.05), but no differences were found for the SBRS and SBMS tests (both P > 0.05). No improvements were found for the control group independent of test condition (all P > 0.05). Significant between-group differences were found for the RBRS and RRB tests (both P < 0.05), whereas no differences were found for the SBRS and SBMS tests (both P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The fundamental soccer skill of passing a moving ball was improved in elite female soccer players by a short technique-intense training period.
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25.
  • Carlsson, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives
  • 2018
  • In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - London, UK : Sage Publications. - 1754-3371. ; 233:2, s. 186-192
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. The balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4 °C, 18 °C, 32 °C, and 46 °C) for 24 h prior to the test and each temperature group consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine the club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the groups were investigated using a one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated that ball-speed and carry-distance differences occurred within the four groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The post hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures of 18 °C and 32 °C had greater ball speeds and carry distances than balls at 4 °C and 46 °C (all p < 0.05). The intervals for the between-group differences were 0.6–0.7 m s –1 and 2.9–3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively. Hence, the results showed that ball temperature influences both the ball speed and the carry distance. Based on the findings in this study, standardization of ball temperature should be factored into governing body regulation tests for golf equipment. © IMechE 2018.
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26.
  • Carlsson, Magnus, et al. (author)
  • The effect of training on side foot-kick performance among swedish first league women´s soccer players
  • 2018
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • THE EFFECT OF TRAINING ON SIDE FOOT-KICK PERFORMANCE AMONG SWEDISH FIRST LEAGUE WOMEN’S SOCCER PLAYERSCarlsson, M.1, Isberg, J.1, Nilsson, J.1, Carlsson, T.1 1: Dalarna University (Falun, Sweden)IntroductionA high completion rate for passes is important for success in soccer, because longer passing sequences are related to more scored goals (Hughes & Franks, 2005). In a recent study, it was found that female players had a lower pass-completion rate than male players at the highest competitive standard of European soccer, which suggests that elite female players in general do not have the same technical characteristics as elite male players (Paul S. Bradley et al., 2014). The purpose of the study was investigate the effect of a 2-week training intervention on side foot-kick performance among Swedish first league women’s soccer players. MethodsTo investigate the effect of training on side foot-kick performance, a pre-post-intervention study was implemented where four side foot-kick tests were performed before and after a 2-week training period. The side foot-kick accuracy were investigated when kicking a stationary ball using match-relevant ball speed (SBRS) and maximal ball speed (SBMS) as well as subsequent to a 5-m run with the ball from different approach angles (0°, 30°, and 60°) to a predetermined position, where passing of the ball on the move was executed using match-relevant ball speed (RBRS). The fourth test comprised repeated side-foot kicks onto a rebound-box with continuously increasing passing distance (RRB).Based on the results from the pre-tests, the players were assigned to either the intervention group (INT) or the control group (CON). The training intervention consisted of six 55-min training sessions. In each session, two rounds of five exercises focusing on improvement of side foot-kick accuracy were executed. Within-group and between-group differences were investigated using paired samples Student’s t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively.ResultsPrior to the training intervention, there were no significant differences between the groups for any of the investigated test variables. The INT group improved RBRS (P = 0.036) and RRB (P = 0.010) during the training intervention, whereas no significant within-group changes were found for either SBRS or SBMS (both P > 0.05). No within-group differences were found for any of the test variables in the CON group (all P > 0.05). Significant between-group differences were found for RBRS (P = 0.040) and RRB (P = 0.005), whereas no differences were found for either SBRS or SBMS (both P > 0.05).ConclusionThe fundamental soccer skill of passing a moving ball could be improved in elite women players by a 2-week training period focusing on improving   side foot-kick performance.ReferencesBradley PS, Carling C, Diaz AG, Hood P, Barnes C, Ade J, Boddy M, Krustrup P, Mohr M (2013) Hum Mov Sci, 32, 808-821.Hughes M, Franks I (2005) J Sports Sci, 23, 509-514.
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27.
  • Carlsson, Tomas, et al. (author)
  • The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives
  • 2018
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • THE EFFECT OF BALL TEMPERATURE ON BALL SPEED AND CARRY DISTANCE IN GOLF DRIVESCarlsson, T.1, Nilsson, J.1,2, Hellström, J.3, Tinmark, F.2, Carlsson, M.1. 1: Dalarna University (Falun, Sweden), 2: The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Stockholm, Sweden), 3: The Swedish Golf Federation (Stockholm, Sweden). IntroductionPreviously it was reported that golf-ball temperature has influence on the golf balls’ coefficient of restitution, impact duration, and maximal deformation (Allen et al., 2012). They concluded that their research was the first step in a process for determining the effect of temperature on a golf drive. However, how large influence the golf-ball temperature has on golf drives remains to be investigated. The purpose was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. MethodsThe balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4°C, 18°C, 32°C, and 46°C) for twenty-four hours prior to the test, and each of the four different ball-temperature groups consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the four ball-temperature groups were investigate using a one-way analysis of variance. ResultsThe results indicate that there are ball-speed and carry-distance differences within the four ball-temperature groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The post-hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures 18°C and 32°C had both greater ball speeds and carry distances compared to the balls in the ball-temperature groups 4°C and 46°C (all P < 0.05); the intervals for the between-group differences were 2.0 to 2.4 km/h and 2.9 to 3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively.ConclusionThe novel results of the current study show that the ball’s temperature has a significant effect on the ball speed after club-head impact and carry distance for drives performed by an elite golfer. The ball temperatures 18°C and 32°C gave significantly increased ball speeds and carry distances compared to the ball-temperature groups 4°C and 46°C. This knowledge could be used to maximise the carry distance and/or to minimise the carry-distance variability related to ball temperature.REFERENCES:Allen T, Bowley A, Wood P, Henrikson E, Morales E, James D. (2012) Procedia Eng, 34, 634-639.
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28.
  • Carlsson, Tomas, et al. (author)
  • The effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling capacity of elite junior cross-country skiers
  • 2017
  • In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 117:8, s. 1523-1532
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PurposeTo compare the effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling gross efficiency (GE), maximal speed (Vmax), peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak) for elite male and female junior cross-country skiers.MethodsThirty-three elite junior cross-country skiers completed a 6-week training-intervention period with two additional 40-min training sessions per week. The participants were matched in pairs and within each pair randomly assigned to either a strength-training group (STR) or a ski-ergometer-training group (ERG). Before and after the intervention, the participants completed three treadmill roller-skiing tests to determine GE, Vmax, and V˙O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak. Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate differences between and within groups. Paired samples t tests were used as post hoc tests to investigate within-group differences.ResultsBoth groups improved their Vmax and V˙O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak expressed absolutely (all P < 0.01). For the gender-specific sub-groups, it was found that the female skiers in both groups improved both Vmax and V˙O2peak" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V˙O2peakV˙O2peak expressed absolutely (all P < 0.05), whereas the only within-group differences found for the men were improvements of Vmax in the STR group. No between-group differences were found for any of the investigated variables.ConclusionsPhysiological and performance-related variables of importance for skiers were improved for both training regimes. The results demonstrate that the female skiers’ physiological adaptations to training, in general, were greater than those of the men. The magnitude of the physiological adaptations was similar for both training regimes.
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29.
  •  
30.
  • Danielsson, Evelina, et al. (author)
  • Hälsoprojekt med ledarledd fysisk aktivitet för äldre
  • 2012
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Bakgrund och syfte. Syftet med hälsoprojektet under 8-12 veckor för äldre är att ge ledarledd fysisk aktivitet 2 gånger/vecka samt att utvärdera upplevd hälsa, förändring av livsstilssvanor samt fysisk kapacitet. Hälsoprojektet är ett fortlöpande samarbete mellan Solna stad och Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH) och utförs under vårterminerna sedan ett flertal år.Metod. Individerna anmäler sitt deltagande själva. Det kostnadsfria hälsoprojektet utförs inom undervisningen i Folkhälsa i regi av GIH-studenter under handledning av verksamhetschefen i Solna stad och lärare/läkare på GIH. Den ledarledda fysiska aktiviteten utgörs primärt av stavgång, motionsgymnastik, vattengymnastik samt styrketräning. Initialt och i slutet av perioden besvarar deltagarna en hälsoenkät angående upplevd hälsa och livsstilsvanor om fysisk aktivitet, kost, sömn, rökning och alkohol samt utför några olika fysiologiska tester i samband med ett hälsosamtal.Resultat. Exempel på sammanställda resultat ges här för de 117 äldre som fullföljde hela projektet under en vårtermin (för kvinnorna var antalet samt medelvärden för ålder och BMI 99, 74år och 26 respektive för männen 18, 73år och 25). Efter avslutat projekt sågs för gruppen som helhet generellt en signifikant förbättrad upplevd fysisk och mental hälsa, kondition och styrka i buk-, ben- och armmuskulatur. För kvinnorna observerades även en ökad balansförmåga och uthållighet i ryggmusklerna. Enkätfrågorna angående fysiska aktivitetsvanor och stillasittande visade på, efter avslutat projekt, en förändring till en mer aktiv livsstil.Slutsats/Diskussion. Således kan utvärderade 8-12 veckors hälsoprojekt med ledarledd fysisk aktivitet för äldre bidra till förbättrad upplevd hälsa, ökade fysiska aktivitetsvanor, minskat stillasittande och bättre fysiska kapaciteter såsom kondition, styrka och balans som är positivt korrelerade till ökad livslängd och minskad förekomst av en mängd olika folksjukdomar och skador. Fler projekt och studier behövs framöver med ytterligare uppföljningar, jämförelser och för att vidareutveckla olika fysiologiska tester och andra hälsoparametrar som kan ha positiva samband med ökad hälsa.
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31.
  • Ekblom, Björn, et al. (author)
  • Aktivt liv : vetenskap & praktik
  • 2000
  • Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • En halvtimmes promenad varje dag ger oss människor den bästa medicin som existerar. Vi blir både friskare, lever längre och får mer livskvalitet genom att röra oss lite varje dag. Aktivt liv är en gedigen faktabok som täcker den viktigaste och mest aktuella forskningen inom området idrott & hälsa. Boken rymmer en enorm mängd användbar kunskap, tips och idéer för dig som är intresserad av området. Aktivt liv fungerade utmärkt som fakta- och idébank inför rörelseåret 2001 - Sätt Sverige i rörelse.
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32.
  • Ekonomistyrningens metoder, sammanhang och utveckling : en vänbok till Lars A Samuelson
  • 2005
  • Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Lars A Samuelson har efter en lång och framgångsrik akademisk karriär fyllt 65 år. Det vill redaktörer och författare till denna vänbok uppmärksamma. Bidragen ger ett smakprov på den stora bredd som karakteriserar Lars gärning. Olof Arwidi tar i sitt kapitel utgångspunkt i hans och Lars gemensamma artikel om budgeteringens utveckling fram till början av 1990-talet (Arwidi & Samuelson, 1993). Han beskriver och analyserar budgeteringens fortsatta utveckling fram till 2005. Steen Nielsen behandlar i sitt kapitel kalkyleringsfrågor. Närmare bestämt diskuterar och illustrerar han osäkerhet vid ABC-kalkylering, genom att simulera stokastiska ingångsvärden i Harvard-caset Classical Pen Company. Jan Mouritsen studerar i sitt bidrag till antologin användandet av finansiell och icke-finansiell information i offentlig sektor. Han knyter också användandet av information till olika ledarstilar och finner att användandet av information skiljer sig markant mellan olika ledarstilar. Mats Lundeberg analyserar Lars föreställningsram utifrån ett informations- och verksamhetsutvecklingsperspektiv. Fokus för analysen är samband och balans mellan olika styrmedel i Lars ramverk. Johnny Lind studerar sambanden mellan koncern-, affärsstrategi och ekonomistyrning utifrån en situationsteoretisk ansats. Ett tydligt resultat i studien var den starka finansiella dominansen i ekonomistyrningen oberoende av företagens strategiska inriktning. Göran Sjöholm ger en personlig skildring av en implementation av ett nytt ekonomisystem inom Alfa-Laval där Lars deltog som sakkunnig. Göran gör också en jämförelse med senare iakttagelser av ekonomistyrningens utveckling. Nils-Göran Olve ställer, med bakgrund av den utökade definitionen av ekonomistyrning och företeelser som balanserad styrning, frågan vilken styrning som är ekonomens. Han efterfrågar en ökad tydlighet kring ekonomens roll i företag och framhåller dessutom att en god ekonomistyrning kan bli en konkurrensfördel. Sten Jönsson argumenterar också för att akademin behöver återerövra det inflytande i den praktiska världen som bland annat Lars har haft. Detta försvåras dock av krav på publicering i internationella tidskrifter och medföljande globala likriktning. Men med hjälp av förståelse för praktikens logik och doktorer utbildade för praktikens behov finns det fortfarande hopp. Göran Nilsson behandlar i sitt kapitel styrningens utveckling genom att knyta an till begreppen rationell och normativ styrning. Han drar slutsatsen att styrningen under senare år återgått till att vara mer rationellt dominerad, vilket bland annat yttrar sig i en mer hierarkisk, finansiell och mekanistisk styrning. Lars Östman diskuterar konsekvenser av att styrningen under senare år alltmer sker på distans. Några sådana konsekvenser är att styrningen tenderar att baseras på ytligare kunskap om verksamheten och att verksamhetsmässiga överväganden alltmer får stå tillbaka för finansiella.
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33.
  • Eliasson, Jörgen, et al. (author)
  • Maximal lengthening contractions increase p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle in the absence of nutritional supply.
  • 2006
  • In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 291:6, s. 1197-1205
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to compare the training stimuli of eccentric (lengthening) and concentric (shortening) contractions regarding the effect on signaling enzymes involved in protein synthesis. Ten male subjects performed 4 x 6 maximal eccentric contractions on one leg followed by 4 x 6 maximal concentric contractions on the other. Six additional subjects performed the same protocol, but with maximal concentric and submaximal eccentric exercise of equal force to that of the maximal concentric contractions. Muscle biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 h after exercise in both legs. The average peak force produced during the maximal eccentric exercise was 31% higher than during the maximal concentric exercise, 2,490 (+/-100) vs. 1,894 (+/-108) N (P < 0.05). The maximal eccentric contractions led to two- to eightfold increases in the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) and the ribosomal protein S6 that persisted for 2 h into recovery but no significant changes in phosphorylation of Akt or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Maximal concentric and submaximal eccentric contractions did not induce any significant changes in Akt, mTOR, p70(S6k), or S6 phosphorylation up to 2 h after the exercise. The results indicate that one session of maximal eccentric contractions activates p70(S6k) in human muscle via an Akt-independent pathway and suggest that maximal eccentric contractions are more effective than maximal concentric contractions in stimulating protein synthesis in the absence of a nutritional intake, an effect that may be mediated through a combination of greater tension and stretching of the muscle.
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34.
  • Faresjö, Tomas, 1954-, et al. (author)
  • Folkhälsoskillnaderna består mellan Norrköping och Linköping [Public health differences between »the twin cities« persist].
  • 2019
  • In: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 116
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A decade ago, major public health differences between two neighboring, equal sized large Swedish cities, Norrköping and Linköping (»the Twin cities«) were revealed. These differences were considerable for cardiovascular mortality and life expectancy. An important finding was that cardiovascular mortality rates for men and women in the city of Norrköping were highest compared to other major Swedish cities. In this follow-up, a decade later, cardiovascular mortality rates are still highest for the Norrköping population in comparison to the largest Swedish cities. There are also still profound and major public health differences between these twin cities. The differences seem to persist over time. These differences could not be explained by differences in health care, but are rather reflecting different social history and socioeconomic and life style differences in these two cities.
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35.
  • Faresjö, Tomas, 1954-, et al. (author)
  • Tvillingstäder med stora sociala skillnader i folkhälsa - ett samhällsmedicinskt experiment inleds i Norrköping och Linköping : [Twin cities with big social differences when it comes to public health. A sociomedical "experiment" introduced in Norrkoping and Linkoping]
  • 2007
  • In: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 104:23, s. 1788-1790
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • An interdisciplinary research group entitled ”Twincities Research Group” has been initiated at Linköping University. The term twin cities refer to the Swedish cities Linköping and Norrköping, neighbours that are nearly equal in size. These two cities, located within a distance of only 40 km, are governed by the same county council and consequently have the same health care structure. However, health is remarkably different in these twin cities. The comparison of public health in these two cities during the development from the industrial to the post-industrial era has a design similar to classical experiments with a control and an experiment group, since the social history and the socio-economic structures of the cities are radically different. Through an interdisciplinary research design including historical, epidemiological and clinical competence we have a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of how social environment may affect public health.
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36.
  • Fredriksson, Mårten, et al. (author)
  • Testmanual funktionella tester : allmänna testförberedelser, chins, dips, vertikala situps, hängande raka benlyft, vertikalhopp, Harres test, Beep-testet
  • 2003
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Ur förordet: I din hand håller du ”Testmanual - funktionella tester”. Den är ett resultat av arbetsinsatser gjorda under ett kursmoment i den fristående kursen ”Specialidrott med inriktning mot träning och prestation” (41-60p) vid Idrottshögskolan i Stockholm (år 2000-2001). Ett av delmålen i kursmomentet var att i detalj analysera mätförfarandet i ett antal etablerade funktionella tester och med utgångspunkt från denna analys sammanställa en testmanual. Testerna mäter flera  delkapaciteter i prestationsförmågan som t ex styrka, uthållighet och motorik. Författarteamet nedan tackar representanter för Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté, Riksidrottsförbundet och EIC Bosön för väsentliga bidrag i framtagandet av detta material.Innehåll:ALLMÄNNA TESTFÖRBEREDELSERÅtgärder före test Personuppgifter, Hälsodeklaration, TestinformationAllmän checklistaSTYRKETESTER - STYRKA & UTHÅLLIGHET I BÅL OCH ÖVERKROPPIntroduktion - Golden FourChinsDipsVertikala sit-upsHängande raka benlyftSTYRKETESTER - EXPLOSIV BENMUSKELSTYRKAIntroduktion – VertikalhoppSquat Jump (SJ)Counter Movement Jump (CMJ)KOORDINATIONHarresUTHÅLLIGHETBeep-test / shuttle-run test
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37.
  •  
38.
  • Gjerset, Asbjørn, et al. (author)
  • Idrettens treningslære
  • 2015. - 2
  • Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • Den nye utgaven av Idrettens treningslære viser hvordan vi kan påvirke og utvikle en idrettsutøvers egenskaper og ferdigheter i gunstig retning. Boka omhandler først og fremst grunnleggende forhold ved trening som er felles for ulike idretter og målgrupper. I mange sammenhenger går boka også nærmere inn på mer spesifikke forhold ved treningen i forskjellige idretter. Særlig vektleggesutvikling av egenskaper og ferdigheter som danner grunnlaget for den idrettslige prestasjonsevnenplanlegging, gjennomføring, dokumentasjon, analyse og evaluering av treningfysiologiske, psykologiske og andre faktorer som er viktig for prestasjonenbelastning og tilpasning i forbindelse med treningfysisk, motorisk, psykisk og sosial utviklingEn treningslære som fungerer godt, hviler på både praktisk erfaring og bred analytisk tilnærming, og vitenskapelig dokumentasjon er en viktig del av dette. I denne boka kombineres derfor disse tilnærmingene.  Idrettens treningslære er skrevet for undervisning på universitets- og høgskolenivå, og for utdanningen av trenere i treningsbransjen og i idretten generelt. Boken har blitt til gjennom et samarbeid mellom treningsmiljøer i Norge, Sverige og Danmark. 17 forfattere har bidratt med sin kompetanse på sine fagfelt.(Information från förlaget)
  •  
39.
  • Godhe, Manne, et al. (author)
  • Reliability in Novel Field-Based Fitness Measurements and Postexercise Scores from a Physical Fitness Test Battery in Older Adults.
  • 2024
  • In: Gerontology. - : S. Karger. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 70:6, s. 639-660
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Physical fitness is strongly associated with daily physical function, health, and longevity in older adults. Field-based tests may provide a reasonable alternative compared to advanced laboratory testing. Separating postexercise test scores from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability. Postexercise test scores with reliability analyses of field-based fitness tests in older adults are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of some novel easily accommodated fitness test measurements and compare pretest scores with postexercise results in these tests along with other field-based fitness tests in older adults.METHODS: Totally 1,407 community-dwelling older adults (69% female), x̄ = 71.5 ± 5.0 (65-84 years), performed twelve field-based fitness tests at pretest 1, pretest 2 and a posttest after an 8-week exercise period (twice weekly 1 h of combined strength and aerobic training). T tests, intra-class correlation, limits of agreement, standard error of measurement, and coefficient of variance were performed between pre-1 and pre-2 tests, and repeated measures ANOVA and partial eta squared effect size for postexercise differences for men and women in 5-year age groups ranging from 65 to 84 years.RESULTS: Between pre-1 and pre-2 tests a significant difference was noted in some of the novel fitness test measurements but generally not, e.g., in isometric trunk flexion and step-up height on either leg among all sex and age groups. In most of these novel fitness test measurements, no significant differences occurred between the two pretests. Examples of results from the pre-2 test to the posttest were isometric trunk flexion 45° endurance and isometric trunk extension endurance improved significantly for both sexes in age groups 65-74 years. Women, but not men, improved the maximal step-up height for both legs in most age groups. The speed in the 50 sit-to-stand improved significantly for most age groups in both sexes. Six-min walk distance improved significantly for most age groups in women but among men only in 65-69 years. In the timed-up-and-go test, significant improvements were seen for all age groups in women and in men 70-79 years. No postexercise improvements were generally observed for grip strength or balance.CONCLUSIONS: In most of the novel fitness test measures, no significant difference was noted between the two pretests in the assessed sex and age groups. Results after the 8-week exercise period varied between sex and age groups, with significant improvements in several of the twelve studied fitness tests. These findings may be valuable for future projects utilizing easily accommodated physical fitness tests in older adults.
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40.
  • Godhe, Manne, et al. (author)
  • Reliability of the accelerometer to control the effects of physical activity in older adults.
  • 2022
  • In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Reliable physical activity measurements in community-dwelling older adults are important to determine effects of targeted health promotion interventions. Many exercise interventions aim to improve time spent sedentary (SED), in light-intensity-physical-activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity-physical-activity (MVPA), since these parameters have independently proposed associations with health and longevity. However, many previous studies rely on self-reports which have lower validity compared to accelerometer measured physical activity patterns. In addition, separating intervention-effects from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability for accelerometer assessments, which is lacking in older adults.OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to investigate the reliability of sensor-based PA-patterns in community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, to investigate change over time of physical activity patterns and examine any compensatory-effect from the eight-week supervised exercise-intervention.METHODS: An exercise-group (n = 78, age-range:65-91yrs) performed two 1h-exercise sessions/week during eight-weeks. PA-pattern was assessed (using hip-worn accelerometers), twice before and once during the last-week of the intervention. A control-group (n = 43, age-range:65-88yrs) performed one pre-test and the end-test with no exercise-intervention. A dependent-t-test, mean-difference (95%-CI), limits-of-agreement and intraclass-correlation-coefficient-ICC were used between the two pre-tests. Repeated-measures-ANOVA were used to analyze any intervention-effects.RESULTS: The exercise-groups´ two pre-tests showed generally no systematic change in any PA- or SED-parameter (ICC ranged 0.75-0.90). Compared to the control group, the exercise intervention significantly (time x group-interaction, p<0.05) increased total-PA-cpm (exercise-group/control-group +17%/+7%) and MVPA-min/week (+41/-2min) and decreased %-of-wear-time for SED-total (-4.7%/-2.7%) and SED-bouts (-5.7%/-1.8%), and SED-bouts min/d (-46/-16min). At baseline level, no significant differences were found between the two groups for any parameter.CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a good test-retest-reliability of sensor-based-one-week-assessed-PA-pattern in older-adults. Participating in an 8-week supervised exercise intervention improved some physical activity and sedentary parameters compared to the control group. No compensatory-effect was noted in the intervention-group i.e., no decrease in any PA-parameter or increase in SED at End-test (in %-of-wear-time, min/day or total-PA).
  •  
41.
  • Grillner, S, et al. (author)
  • Intra-abdominal pressure changes during natural movements in man.
  • 1978
  • In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 103:3, s. 275-83
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The weight of the upper part of the trunk is partially transmitted to the pelvis via the vertebral column. If the muscle walls around the abdominal cavity are contracted, a high pressure can be generated within the cavity (greater than 200 mmHg). The abdominal space can them transmit part of weight to, e.g., the upper part of the body, Intra-abdominal pressure recordings have been performed during locomotion and other natural movements with intragastric pressure recordings. With each step, there is a phasic variation in pressure, with its peak coinciding with that of the peak vertical force exerted by the leg against the ground. The peak values increase progressively with the speed of walking/running up to a mean of 38 mmHg and with trough values of 16 mmHg. The phasic variations with each step is due to a phasic activation of the abdominal muscles, with an EMG activity starting 50 ms or more before foot contact. If an extra load is put on the back, the posture changes and at the highest speed of running the pressure values are significantly higher than without this additional load. After a jump down from a moderate height of 0.4 m, the average increase is 89 mmHg and can often exceed 100 mmHg. These pressure changes are large and will presumably act to unload the spine under the prevailing biomechanical conditions and, in addition, there will no doubt be an effect on the circulatory system.
  •  
42.
  • Gullstrand, Lennart, et al. (author)
  • A new method for recording the temporal pattern of stride during treadmill running
  • 2009
  • In: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; :11, s. 195-200
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a new infrared light based method (IR40) for recording temporal stride patterns during treadmill running. The IR40 device, emitting a tight web of 40 infrared light beams 10 mm above the treadmill running surface, was compared to a previously validated electro-pneumatic contact shoe (CS) method while nine well-trained athletes ran at 2.8, 3.3, 3.9, 4.4, 5.0, and 5.6 m s−1. Disconnection and reconnection of the IR beams marked the stance phase. The sampling rate was 500 Hz for both methods. The stance phase duration was on average 11.5 (±8.4) ms longer with the IR40 than with the CS depending on earlier touch down (8.3 ± 6.2 ms) and delayed toe off (3.2 ± 5.3 ms) registrations. Significantly different stance phases were recorded between all velocities and for both methods. Thus, despite the fact that the IR40 systematically measured a somewhat longer stance phase duration than CS, the IR40 is nonetheless useful for temporal stride analysis during treadmill running.      
  •  
43.
  • Gullstrand, Lennart, et al. (author)
  • Measurements of vertical displacement in running, a methodological comparison
  • 2009
  • In: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 30:1, s. 71-75
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim was (1) to evaluate measurements of vertical displacements (V-disp) of a single point on sacrum as an estimate of the whole body centre of mass (CoM) V-disp during treadmill running and (2) to compare three methods for measuring this single point. These methods were based on a position transducer(PT), accelerometers (AMs) and an optoelectronic motion capture system. Criterion method was V-disp of the whole body CoM measured with the motion capture system. Thirteen subjects ran at 10, 12, 14, 16. 18, 20 and 22 km h(-1) with synchronous recordings with the three methods. Four measurements of the (V-disp) were derived: (1) V-disp of CoM calculated from a segment model consisting of 13 segments tracked with 36 reflective markets, (2) V-disp of the sacrum recorded with the PT, (3) V-disp of the sacrum Calculated from the AM, and (4) V-disp of the sacrum calculated as the mid point of two reflective markets (sacrum marker, SM) attached at the level of the sacral bone. The systematic discrepancy between the Measurements of sacrum V-disp and CoM V-disp varied between 0 and 1.5 mm and decreased with increasing running velocity and decreasing step duration. PT and SM measurements showed strong correlation, whereas the AM showed a variability increasing with velocity. The random discrepancy within each Subject was 7 mm for all three methods. In conclusion single-point recordings of the sacrum V-disp may be used to monitor changes in V-disp of CoM during treadmill running.
  •  
44.
  • Halvorsen, Kjartan, et al. (author)
  • Minimal marker set for center of mass estimation in running
  • 2009
  • In: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 30:4, s. 552-555
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose was to study the validity of a recently proposed method [Forsell C, Halvorsen K. A method for determining minimal sets of markers for the estimation of center of mass, linear and angular momentum. journal of Biomechanics 2009;42(3):361-5] for estimating the trajectory of the whole-body center of mass (CoM) in the case of running at: velocities ranging from 10 to 22 km h(-1). The method gives an approximation to the CoM using the position of fewer markers on the body than the standard method of tracking each segment of the body. Fourteen male athletes participated. A standard method for determining the CoM from a model of 13 segments and using the position of 36 markers was used as reference method. Leave-one-out cross-validation revealed errors that decreased with increasing number of markers used in the approximative method. Starting from four markers, the error in absolute position of the CoM decreased from 15 mm to 3 mm in each direction. For the velocity of the CoM the estimation bias was neglectable, and the random error decreased from 0.15 to 0.05 m s(-1). The inter-subject and intra-subject variability in the estimated model parameters increased with increasing number of markers. The method worked well also when applied to running at velocities outside the range of velocities in the data used to determine the model parameters. The results indicate that a model using 10 markers represents a good trade-off between simplicity and accuracy, but users must take into account requirements of their specific applications.
  •  
45.
  •  
46.
  • Hansen, Bjarne H, et al. (author)
  • The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Skeletal Metastasis Registry Functional outcome and pain after surgery for bone metastases in the pelvis and extremities
  • 2009
  • In: ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 80, s. 85-90
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background Few authors have investigated function and pain after surgical treatment of patients with bone metastases. In 1999 the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) initiated the Skeletal Metastasis Registry as a multi-centric, prospective study to provide a scientific basis for recommendations of treatment. Patients and methods We have analyzed function and pain in 530 patients (mean age 65 yr) operated on (599 operations) for non-spinal skeletal metastases at 9 SSG centres. 7% were operated for more than 1 metastasis. Carcinoma of the breast, prostate, kidney, and lung were the dominating sites for primary tumors. Results 25% of the patients died within 6 weeks after operation. 11% of the patients had complications. 6% had reoperation. In patients surviving more than 1 year the reoperation rate was 12%. 92% of the patients had no, light or moderate pain from metastasis at 6 weeks (first control) and 6 months follow-up. Patients using opioids were reduced from 40% preoperative to 30% at 6 months after surgery. In patients with metastases in pelvis or lower extremity 79% were walking with or without crutches, 6 weeks and 88%, 6 months after surgery. More patients with metastases; in proximal femur were mobile at 6 weeks and 6 months when treated with prosthetic replacement compared to internal fixation. Interpretation Palliative surgery for bone metastases improves function and reduce pain. Mobility is improved by surgery in patients with metastases in the pelvis or lower extremity. Prosthetic replacement seems to do better than internal fixation for metastases in the proximal femur. We need to analyze function and pain earlier than 6 weeks postoperative to investigate the benefit of surgery in patients with short time survival.
  •  
47.
  • Hellström, John (author)
  • Den svenska sporthjälten : Kontinuitet och förändring i medieberättelsen om den svenska sporthjälten från 1920-talet till idag
  • 2014
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This thesis examines the media construction of five Swedish sports heroes, active from the 1920’s to the beginning of the 2000’s. The analyses are based on the assumption that sports heroes are social products that reflect the dominating ideals and values of a society or culture, and that the media plays an important role in this process. Firstly, the media provide the attention necessary for successful athletes to become publically known and, secondly, they create the stories in which some athletes are represented as heroes while others are represented as villains. The use of narrative theory in this thesis builds on the idea that a story is not merely a way of presenting information, but a way of creating meaning. A person becomes a hero when he or she is described as a hero in a heroic tale. To analyze the media construction of sports heroes is thus to analyze the media stories of them as heroes.In order to examine and compare the construction of sports heroes in the media, articles from daily press and magazines as well as broadcasts in radio and television have been analyzed. The results show that although each of the five heroes were valued and represented according to ideals and values specific of his or her time, there are similarities in the media representation of them that suggest that there is some degree of stability in the narrative of the Swedish sports hero over time. In many ways, the story of the Swedish sports hero is still intact since the 1920’s. However, this story is an ideal story and the process of constructing athletes as heroes has proved to be filled with compromise and contradictions. It can be argued that the media is more concerned with fitting the athletes into an already existing narrative of the Swedish sports hero than with representing them as individuals.Seen in a wider historical context, sports heroes represent an example of how national identity is constructed in the media. National identity is, as many theorists have shown, a dynamic and relational process. What is considered typically Swedish thus changes over time and in different contexts. In this process the social status of sports heroes helps to stabilize as well as legitimize dominating ideas of Swedish national identity.   
  •  
48.
  • Hellström, John, et al. (author)
  • Drive for dough : PGA Tour golfers tee shot accuracy, distance and hole score
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • A player's ability to score low is critical to the tournament outcome in golf. The relations of round scores to fairways hit in regulation or striking distance on two holes per round have been investigated before with some disagreements. The purpose is therefore to examine the relations of hole scores to tee shot accuracy employing several categories and striking distance on par-4 and par-5 holes. The best US PGA tour players' statistics during a season are used, provided by the PGA Tour and ShotLink. Accuracy is categorized as hits of fairway, semi-rough, rough, fairway bunker, water hazard or unplayable, and out of bounds or lost. Distance was measured with laser cameras. It is concluded that the ability to hit the ball with high accuracy and a long distance is strongly correlated with low hole scores. Furthermore, the type of fairway miss is relevant to consider as well as striking distance in relation to the distance of the hole.
  •  
49.
  • Hellström, John, et al. (author)
  • Drive for dough. PGA Tour golfers' tee shot functional accuracy, distance and hole score
  • 2014
  • In: Journal of Sports Sciences. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 32:5, s. 462-469
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A player's ability to score low is critical to the tournament outcome in golf. The relationships of round scores to fairways hit in regulation or striking distance on two holes per round have been investigated before with some disagreement. The purpose is therefore to examine the relationships of par-4 and par-5 hole scores to tee shot functional accuracy and distance, measured as lie of the ball and penalty, and striking distance or distance to the pin for the second shot. Such information is possible to collect without interviewing players. The best US Professional Golfers' Association Tour players' statistics during a season are used, provided by the Professional Golfers' Association Tour and ShotLink. Distance was measured with laser equipment. The results include significant (P<0.05) correlations between score and striking distance or distance to pin, when hitting rough but not fairway on par-4s and when hitting fairway and rough on par-5s. It is therefore relevant, for performance, to consider the type of fairway miss as well as the striking distance in relation to the par and length of the hole. The findings can be considered when making gap and needs profiles, and when making tactical decisions for tee shots on different types of holes.
  •  
50.
  • Hellström, John, 1968- (author)
  • Expert performance in golf
  • 2012
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The competition in elite golf is fierce. Players therefore often have psychological, physical, and technical experts supporting them. The associations between these experts focus areas and how they relate to the playing results are valuable to understand, in order to create more effective training programs. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate the relationships between physique, technique, and playing results in golf, and to integrate these findings with psychological research on elite golfers.Two review studies (A and B) and three empirical studies (I, II, and III) are included. Study A and B provide a theoretical foundation where the relationship of psychological, physiological, and technical variables to playing results is reviewed. The empirical studies (Study I, II, and III) were selected based on the findings in the reviews and the applied needs.Study I shows that some stability test results are strongly correlated to swing technique. Study II found that strength tests as measured in absolute strength or power are strongly correlated to clubhead speed for elite players, but relative strength (percentage of body mass) is not. Study III used PGA Tour ShotLink statistics collected over a year to investigate tee shot accuracy, striking distance, and hole scores. It was found that the ability to hit the ball with high accuracy and a long distance is strongly correlated with low hole scores. Furthermore, the type of fairway miss is relevant to consider as well as striking distance in relation to the distance of the hole.These results may be used to make gap and needs profiles. Task, personal, and environmental variables should also be considered before giving training advice based on test results. Future studies should further investigate the causality between key areas and playing results, and test the validity of models that may be used to analyze and set goals for elite golfers.
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