| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 3. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(author)
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Cyclists' use of mobile IT in Sweden : usage and self-reported behavioural compensation
- 2014
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In: 3rd International Cycling Safety Conference (ICSC2014), 18-19 November, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing use of mobile phones while cycling has raised safety concerns. In this paper two studies of mobile phone use by cyclists are presented.The first study was designed to characterize mobile phone use by cyclists in Sweden, while the second studied how mobile phone use affected cyclist behaviour and compensation strategies. Mobile phone use was observed in about 20 percent of all urban bicycle trips. The usage varied with cyclist age with the highest usage among young cyclists. Of those using phones, 90% of the cyclists observed used head-phones.In parallel, standardized, interviews 15% of cyclists under 15 years old stated that they always used mobile phones while cycling. Listening to music in headphones was the most fre-quent self-reported activity. To converse using hand-held phones was also rather common, and was the only mobile phone usage reported by women above 50 years old.In the second study twenty-two young cyclists (age 16-25 years) completed a route in real traffic five times while listening to music, receiving and making calls, receiving and sending text messages, searching for information on the internet and while cycling normally without using the phone. The route and the types of tasks were controlled, but the cyclists could choose rather freely when, where and how to carry out the tasks. When the cyclist returned to the starting point, a short interview was conducted. During the interviews cyclists reported their experiences and the compensation strategies they used while cycling.
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| 4. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Dangerous use of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving : A toolbox of counter-measures
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The use of mobile phone and similar devices while driving has been a topic of discussion and research for several years. It is now an established fact that driving performance is deteriorated due to distraction but no clear conclusions can yet be drawn concerning influence on crash rates. Better studies on this relationship is needed. Most countries in Europe and many countries elsewhere have introduced different types of bans for handheld devices. Sweden has, however, no such bans. VTI was commissioned by the Swedish Government to outline possible means to reduce the dangerous usage of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving as alternatives to banning. This task was a result of a previous VTI-state-of-the-art review of research on mobile phone and other communication device usage while driving. One of the findings in the review was that bans on handheld phones did not appear to reduce the number of crashes.Eighteen different countermeasures in three main areas were suggested. (1) Technical solutions such as countermeasures directed towards the infrastructure, the vehicle and the communication device. (2) Education and information, describing different ways to increase knowledge and understanding among stakeholders and different driver categories. (3) Different possibilities for how society, industry and organisations can influence the behaviour of individuals, via policies, rules, recommendations and incentives. Our conclusion is that a combination of different countermeasures is needed – where education and information to the drivers are combined with support and incentives for a safe usage of different communication devices.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Arvelius, Per, et al.
(author)
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Genetic analysis of a temperament test as a tool to select against everyday life fearfulness in Rough Collie
- 2014
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 92, s. 4843-4855
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fear-related problems are common among Rough Collies in Sweden. Annually, on average, >200 Rough Collies are subjected to the dog mentality assessment (DMA), a temperament test during which 33 behavioral reactions are rated. Previous research has shown that a dog's DMA result can be condensed into 5 underlying personality traits. The aim of the study was to evaluate if it is possible to use the DMA for selection for temperament in Swedish Rough Collies, in particular to decrease everyday life fearfulness. We also wanted to compare 2 methods to compute the personality traits: summated scales (SS) and factor scores (FS). The DMA data for 2,953 Rough Collies were used to estimate genetic parameters for the 5 personality traits (both SS and FS), using a linear animal model including fixed effects of sex, year and month of test, and random effects of litter, judge, test occasion, genetic effect of the individual, and residual. Age at test was included as linear and quadratic regressions. The DMA personality trait heritability estimates ranged from 0.13 to 0.25. The SS showed greater or equal heritability estimates compared with the FS. To validate the DMA, data on everyday life behavior of 1,738 Rough Collies were collected using an extended version of the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire. Each dog's questionnaire result was condensed into 18 underlying behavioral subscales. Genetic parameters for the subscales were estimated using a linear animal model, including a fixed effect of sex and random genetic effect of the individual and residual. Age when the questionnaire was completed was included as linear and quadratic regressions. Heritability estimates for the questionnaire subscales were 0.06 to 0.36. There were high and significant genetic correlations between DMA personality traits and questionnaire subscales. For instance, the DMA personality trait Curiosity/Fearlessness correlated strongly genetically to the questionnaire subscale Non-social fear (-0.70), DMA Sociability to Stranger-directed interest (0.87) and Stranger-directed fear (-0.80), DMA Playfulness to Human-directed play interest (0.63), and DMA Chase-proneness to Chasing (0.73). We could not detect any obvious difference in validity between DMA SS and FS. We conclude that the DMA is an effective tool for selection of breeding animals with the goal to decrease everyday life fearfulness among Swedish Rough Collies. The DMA can also be used for breeding for other traits. The SS method seems to perform at least as good the FS method.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Arvelius, Per, et al.
(author)
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Genetic evaluation of temperament traits in the rough collie
- 2013
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In: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-7878 .- 1878-7517. ; 8, s. e36-e37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fear-related problems are common in the Swedish rough collie (RC). The aim of this study was to develop a genetic evaluation for temperament, based on the Swedish Dog Mentality Assessment (DMA - a field test used in large scale to characterize temperament traits in dogs), thereby facilitating more effective selection of breeding animals. Genetic analyses were performed on the individual DMA variables, and on five broader composite/personality traits. A traditional quantitative genetic evaluationwas used, which relies on using pedigree information and resemblance between relatives to estimate genetic (co)variances and breeding values. DMA data were available from 2,550 RC and the pedigree contained 42,523 dogs. Genetic parameters were estimated using a linear mixed model including fixed effects of sex, age, year and test month, and random effects of litter, judge, test site, breeding value of the individual dog and residual. Heritabilities ranged from 0.05- 0.31 e the higher values for the personality traits. Validation of the DMAwas done using the C-BARQ questionnaire. Owners of RC aged from 6 mo to 10 years were targeted and information about 1,766 dogs was generated (a reply rate of 50%). Of these, 935 had information from the DMA. There were high and significant genetic correlations between the personality traits measured in the DMA, and the everyday behavior of the dogs as described by the owners. For instance, sociability in DMA was positively correlated with stranger-directed interest (rg ¼ 0.87, SE ¼ 0.08), and negatively correlated with stranger-directed fear (rg ¼ 0.80, SE ¼ 0.09). Curiosity/fearlessness in DMA was negatively correlated with stranger-directed fear (rg ¼ 0.44, SE ¼ 0.14) and non-social fear (rg¼0.70, SE ¼ 0.10).We conclude that selection for temperament in rough collie, based on DMA data, is possible and could reduce the frequency of fearful dogs in the breed. As from March 2012, BLUP breeding values are available for Swedish RC breeders.
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| 9. |
- Arvelius, Per, et al.
(author)
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Good Possibilities to Select Against Fearfulness in Rough Collie
- 2014
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fear-related problems are common among Swedish Rough Collies. Genetic analyses were performed on 4 composite behavioral traits based on 2953 Rough Collie results from a temperament test. Heritabilities ranged from 0.13-0.25. Validation of the test was done using a dog owner questionnaire, which generated information about everyday life behavior for 1738 Rough Collies. There were high and significant genetic correlations between traits measured in the test, and the everyday life behavior of the dogs as described by the owners. For instance, Curiosity/fearlessness in the test was negatively genetically correlated with Nonsocial fear in the questionnaire (-0.70, SE 0.10). We conclude that data from the analyzed test is possible to use for selection to decrease everyday life fearfulness in the Swedish Rough Collie population.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Health related quality of life in individuals transferred from a needle exchange program and starting opioid agonist treatment
- 2018
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In: Journal of addiction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7834 .- 2090-7850. ; 2018, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent randomized controlled trial we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a needle exchange program (NEP) to OAT. The aim of this study was to see whether an improvement in health related quality of life (HRQoL) could be seen at 3-month follow-up after starting OAT and whether it was associated with any baseline characteristics. We also wanted to compare our sample to a sample from the general population with regard to HRQoL. Methods. This was a 3-month follow-up of 71 patients who started OAT. Measurements of HRQoL with EQ-5D (an instrument developed by the EuroQol group) were made at baseline and at three months. Results. Mean EQ-5D VAS (visual analogue scale) for the study sample at baseline was 47.3, which was lower than a Swedish reference population reporting 83.3. Individuals reporting being prescribed a drug for a psychiatric condition had significantly lower EQ-5D index values. Improvement in EQ-5D index score was significantly less for individuals reporting previous overdoses (-0.10, p=0.025). Individuals reporting previous suicide attempts had significantly lower EQ-5D VAS score at baseline. A significant increase of the EQ-5D VAS difference over time was found with a mean difference of 10.94 (p=0.008) for the total sample. Conclusion. To our knowledge this is the first time HRQoL as an outcome is reported in a population transferred from a NEP to OAT. Our results indicate that OAT can result in increased HRQoL, even with this type of rapid low-threshold referral.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Malmö treatment referral and intervention study—high 12-month retention rates in patients referred from syringe exchange to methadone or buprenorphine/ naloxone treatment
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 8:AUG
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Heroin dependence is associated with high mortality. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine has strong evidence for treatment of this relapsing condition. In our setting, OAT has been associated with strict and demanding intake procedures, often with requirements of social stability, but also high, approximately 80 percent 12-month retention rates. In a recent randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a syringe exchange programme (SEP) to treatment with methadone or buprenorphine, including actual treatment initiation. The objectives of this study were to assess 12-month retention rates, in order to assess whether a novel referral program of current drug users at a SEP would achieve retention rates comparable to more traditional intake procedures. Methods: The present report is a 12-month follow-up of 71 patients who successfully started treatment with methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. Patient data from baseline and at 12 months were collected. results: Out of the 71 patients who started treatment, 58 (82%) were still in treatment after 12 months. conclusion: This was a population, referred from a SEP, with a high drug use severity on admission and no pretreatment requirement for social stability, but there were still high retention rates at 12 months comparable to regular opioid agonist clinics in our setting.
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| 16. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Substance Use, Hospitalizations, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Patients Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program to Opioid Maintenance Treatment
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategies. The medical records for 71 patients were reviewed 36 months following referral to OMT from a needle exchange program (NEP). Their psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations were identified. Their baseline characteristics were assessed for potential differences between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized patients and between patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses in a longitudinal observational study without controls. A regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. Sixty-five percent of the patients were hospitalized at least once with a psychiatric diagnosis. Substance-related reasons were prevalent, and detoxification occurred among 59% of patients, with sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines, zopiclone, zolpidem, and pregabalin) being the substance used by 52% of patients. Baseline use of these drugs and/or buprenorphine predicted for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. During the follow-up period, 72% of patients met the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis other than OUD. The prevalence of non-substance use disorders overlapping with SUD was 41%, and that overlapping with anxiety disorder was 27% of all participants. Increased attention to psychiatric co-occurring disorders in the treatment of OUD is required and the importance of addressing sedative-hypnotics use when initiating OMT is highlighted.
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| 17. |
- Carlén, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Random regression models for genetic evaluation of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle
- 2009
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In: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 3, s. 1100-1108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A genetic analysis of longitudinal binary clinical mastitis (CM) data recorded on about 90000 first-lactation Swedish Holstein cows was carried out using linear random regression models (RRM). This method for genetic evaluation of CM has theoretical advantages compared to the method of linear cross-sectional models (CSM), which is currently being used The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and suitability of estimating genetic parameters and predicting breeding values for CM with a linear sire RRM. For validation purposes, the estimates and predictions from the RRM were compared to those from linear sire longitudinal multivariate models (LMVM) and CSM. For each cow, the period from 10 days before to 241 days after calving was divided into four 1-week intervals followed by eight 4-week intervals. Within each interval, presence or absence of CM was scored as '1' or '0' The linear RRM used to explain the trajectory of CM over time included a set of explanatory variables plus a third-order Legendre polynomial function of time for the sire effect The time-dependent heritabilities and genetic correlations from the chosen RRM corresponded fairly well with estimates obtained from the linear LMVM for the separate intervals. Some discrepancy between the two methods was observed, with the more unstable results being obtained from the linear LMVM. Both methods indicated clearly that CM was not genetically the same trait throughout lactation. The correlations between predicted sire breeding values from the RRM, summarized over different time periods, and from linear CSM were rather high. They were, however, less than unity (0.74 to 0.96), which indicated some re-ranking of sires. Sire curves based on the time-specific breeding values from the RRM illustrated differences in intercept and slope among the best and the worst sires. To conclude, a linear sire RRM seemed to work well for genetic evaluation purposes, but was sensitive for estimation of genetic parameters.
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| 18. |
- De Palma, Adriana, et al.
(author)
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Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes : effects of geographic and taxonomic biases
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.
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| 19. |
- Domingo-Espín, Joan, et al.
(author)
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Site-specific glycations of apolipoprotein A-I lead to differentiated functional effects on lipid-binding and on glucose metabolism
- 2018
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In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4439. ; 1864:9, s. 2822-2834
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prolonged hyperglycemia in poorly controlled diabetes leads to an increase in reactive glucose metabolites that covalently modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the proteins that becomes glycated in hyperglycemia. The impact of glycation on apoA-I protein structure and function in lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated. ApoA-I was chemically glycated by two different glucose metabolites (methylglyoxal and glycolaldehyde). Synchrotron radiation and conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study apoA-I structure and stability. The ability to bind lipids was measured by lipid-clearance assay and native gel analysis, and cholesterol efflux was measured by using lipid-laden J774 macrophages. Diet induced obese mice with established insulin resistance, L6 rat and C2C12 mouse myocytes, as well as INS-1E rat insulinoma cells, were used to determine in vivo and in vitro glucose uptake and insulin secretion. Site-specific, covalent modifications of apoA-I (lysines or arginines) led to altered protein structure, reduced lipid binding capability and a reduced ability to catalyze cholesterol efflux from macrophages, partly in a modification-specific manner. The stimulatory effects of apoA-I on the in vivo glucose clearance were negatively affected when apoA-I was modified with methylglyoxal, but not with glycolaldehyde. The in vitro data showed that both glucose uptake in muscle cells and insulin secretion from beta cells were affected. Taken together, glycation modifications impair the apoA-I protein functionality in lipid and glucose metabolism, which is expected to have implications for diabetes patients with poorly controlled blood glucose.
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| 20. |
- Donia, Marco, et al.
(author)
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Acquired immune resistance follows complete tumor regression without loss of target antigens or IFNγ signaling
- 2017
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In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 77:17, s. 4562-4566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer immunotherapy can result in durable tumor regressions in some patients. However, patients who initially respond often experience tumor progression. Here, we report mechanistic evidence of tumoral immune escape in an exemplary clinical case: a patient with metastatic melanoma who developed disease recurrence following an initial, unequivocal radiologic complete regression after T-cell–based immunotherapy. Functional cytotoxic T-cell responses, including responses to one mutant neoantigen, were amplified effectively with therapy and generated durable immunologic memory. However, these immune responses, including apparently effective surveillance of the tumor mutanome, did not prevent recurrence. Alterations of the MHC class I antigen-processing and presentation machinery (APM) in resistant cancer cells, but not antigen loss or impaired IFNγ signaling, led to impaired recognition by tumor-specific CD8þ T cells. Our results suggest that future immunotherapy combinations should take into account targeting cancer cells with intact and impaired MHC class I–related APM. Loss of target antigens or impaired IFNγ signaling does not appear to be mandatory for tumor relapse after a complete radiologic regression. Personalized studies to uncover mechanisms leading to disease recurrence within each individual patient are warranted.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Eken Asp, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Breed differences in everyday behaviour of dogs
- 2015
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In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 169, s. 69-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The domestication of the dog and the ensuing breed creation has resulted in a plethora of dog breeds that differ not only in morphology but also in terms of behaviour. In addition, a majority of the dogs today are no longer utilized for their working ability, but are mainly kept as companion animals. The main aim of this study was to estimate breed differences in everyday behaviour traits, as well as to study the phenotypic correlations between these traits. Dog owners described their dogs' everyday behaviour in a questionnaire. The responses to the questions were combined into 18 behavioural subscale scores (BSS). After editing, the material included dog owner responses for 3591 dogs from 20 different breeds. The breeds represent both working and non-working breeds.We can conclude that breed (and grouping into working vs non-working breeds), age and sex had significant effects on many everyday behaviour traits. The working breeds were about 10% more trainable, showed 30% more interest in playing with humans and were 10-60% less fearful. Furthermore, our results showed that fearful dogs were more aggressive, whereas more social dogs were less fearful and less aggressive. We also found that dogs that were more eager to play with humans were also easier to train. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Eken Asp, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Genetics of Aggression, Fear and Sociability in Everyday Life of Swedish Dogs
- 2014
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most potential dog owners are looking for a non-aggressive, non-fearful, social and easily trained dog that functions well in everyday life. Despite this, most studies of genetic components for behavior traits have mainly focused on analyzing results from behavior tests and not everyday behavior data. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for aggression, fear, sociability and trainability in everyday life by using a questionnaire to assess information of the dog's everyday behavior. The genetic analysis included 3128 records distributed over 14 breeds. The effect of breed, sex and age were adjusted for in the estimations of genetic parameters. The estimated heritabilities ranged between 0.08 and 0.38, with the highest heritability found for human-directed play interest. Positive genetic correlations were found between aggression and fear traits. Sociability traits showed a negative genetic correlation with both aggression and fear traits.
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| 24. |
- Elbaz, Alexis, et al.
(author)
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Independent and Joint Effects of the MAPT and SNCA Genes in Parkinson Disease
- 2011
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 69:5, s. 778-792
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in Parkinson disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium. Methods: Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of 4 SNCA (rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and 2 MAPT (rs1052553, rs242557) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Individual and joint effects of SNCA and MAPT SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied on both a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach. Results: Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5,302 cases and 4,161 controls. All 4 SNCA SNPs and the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For SNCA, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 30 end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the 4 SNCA SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale. Interpretation: This study confirms the association between PD and both SNCA SNPs and the H1 MAPT haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these 2 loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects. ANN NEUROL 2011; 69: 778-792
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Goodwin, Christopher M., 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Operando Probing of the Surface Chemistry During the Haber-Bosch Process
- 2024
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 282-286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Haber-Bosch process produces NH3 from N2 and H21,2, typically with Fe and Ru3. HB has been proposed as the most important scientific invention in the 20th century4. The chemical state during reaction has been proposed as oxides5, nitrides2, metallic, or surface nitride6. The proposed rate-limiting step has been the dissociation of N27–9, reaction of adsorbed nitrogen10, or desorption of NH311. Due to the vacuum requirement for surface-sensitive techniques, studies at reaction conditions are limited to theory computations12–14. We determined the surface composition, during NH3 production, at pressures up to 1 bar and temperatures as high as 723 K on flat, stepped Fe, and stepped Ru single crystal surfaces using operando X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy15. We found that all surfaces remain metallic. On Fe only a small amount of adsorbed N remains, yet Ru’s surface is almost adsorbate free. At 523 K, high amines (NHx) coverages appear on the stepped Fe surface. The results show that the rate-limiting step on Ru is always N2 dissociation. Still, on Fe the hydrogenation step involving adsorbed N atoms is essential for the total rate, as predicted by theory13. If the temperature is lowered on Fe, the rate-limiting steps switch and become surface species’ hydrogenation.
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| 27. |
- Hansson, Anton, et al.
(author)
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Shoreline displacement and human resource utilization in the southern Baltic Basin coastal zone during the early Holocene: New insights from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in south-eastern Sweden
- 2018
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In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 28:5, s. 721-737
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Along parts of the Hanö Bay coast in south-eastern Sweden, remains of a submerged landscape can be found down to depths of almost 25 m b.s.l. The coastal landscape was formed during two periods of lowered water levels in the Baltic Basin: the Yoldia Sea and the Initial Littorina Sea stages. In order to reconstruct the local environment and shoreline displacement during the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake stages, sediment sequences were obtained at 4.5, 17.5 and 18.7 m b.s.l. Detailed bathymetric mapping was based on multi-beam echo-sounding while surveillance and sampling of tree remains and archaeological findings were performed through diving. The Yoldia Sea low-stand reached its minimum level at 24–25 m b.s.l. just before 10,800 cal. BP. During the subsequent Ancylus transgression, a slow-flowing river passed through the area, accumulating thick deposits of fine-grained organic sediments in lagoonal basins. The river was surrounded by open woodland dominated by pine. Based on successive flooding of rooted tree stumps, the transgression rate was estimated at 4 cm·yr−1, until the Ancylus high-stand was reached at 5 m b.s.l. at 10,400–10,300 cal. BP. Findings of worked aurochs and beaver bones provide evidence of human presence in the landscape and show the importance of terrestrial resources for their subsistence. These integrated palaeoecological and archaeological investigations demonstrate the importance of submerged landscapes with well-preserved sediment, wood and bone material for our understanding of southern Baltic coastal landscapes and their inhabitants during the Early Mesolithic.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hermansson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Interaction between Shift Work and Established Coronary Risk Factors
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : IJOEM. - 2008-6520 .- 2008-6814. ; 10:2, s. 57-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work.OBJECTIVE: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction.METHODS: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45-70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis.RESULTS: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38).CONCLUSION: Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.
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| 30. |
- Hess, Timo, et al.
(author)
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Dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer
- 2023
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 92
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is clinically heterogenous according to location (cardia/non-cardia) and histopathology (diffuse/intestinal). We aimed to characterize the genetic risk architecture of GC according to its subtypes. Another aim was to examine whether cardia GC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's oesophagus (BO), which are all located at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), share polygenic risk architecture.Methods: We did a meta-analysis of ten European genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of GC and its subtypes. All patients had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. For the identification of risk genes among GWAS loci we did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) study from gastric corpus and antrum mucosa. To test whether cardia GC and OAC/BO share genetic aetiology we also used a European GWAS sample with OAC/BO.Findings: Our GWAS consisting of 5816 patients and 10,999 controls highlights the genetic heterogeneity of GC according to its subtypes. We newly identified two and replicated five GC risk loci, all of them with subtype-specific association. The gastric transcriptome data consisting of 361 corpus and 342 antrum mucosa samples revealed that an upregulated expression of MUC1, ANKRD50, PTGER4, and PSCA are plausible GC-pathomechanisms at four GWAS loci. At another risk locus, we found that the blood-group 0 exerts protective effects for non-cardia and diffuse GC, while blood-group A increases risk for both GC subtypes. Furthermore, our GWAS on cardia GC and OAC/BO (10,279 patients, 16,527 controls) showed that both cancer entities share genetic aetiology at the polygenic level and identified two new risk loci on the single-marker level.Interpretation: Our findings show that the pathophysiology of GC is genetically heterogenous according to location and histopathology. Moreover, our findings point to common molecular mechanisms underlying cardia GC and OAC/BO.
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| 31. |
- Hong, Thu Le, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic association between leg conformation in young pigs and longevity of Yorkshire sows
- 2014
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Direct selection for improved longevity might be ineffective due to late in life information on this trait. This study aims at studying genetic correlations between leg conformation traits scored in young Yorkshire pigs in nucleus herds and longevity traits of purebred Yorkshire sows in multiplier herds. Two datasets were available: 1) on 97,533 animals (both sexes) with information on movement and overall leg score recorded at performance testing and, 2) on 12,444 sows with information on longevity. The longevity traits were: stayability to survive up to second or third parity (STAY12/STAY13); length of productive life (LPL); number of litters (NoL); lifetime born alive (LBA) and lifetime total born (LTB). The estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.05 to 0.16. Almost all estimated genetic correlations between conformation and longevity traits were significantly favorable (better scores - better longevity). Movement showed higher correlations with longevity (0.36-0.53) compared with overall leg score (0.24- 0.33).
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| 32. |
- Hong, Thu Le, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic association between leg conformation in young pigs and sow longevity
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0931-2668 .- 1439-0388. ; 133, s. 283-290
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Longevity is important in pig production with respect to both economic and ethical aspects. Direct selection for longevity might be ineffective because 'true' longevity can only be recorded when a sow has been culled or died. Thus, indirect selection for longevity using information from other traits that can be recorded early in life and are genetically correlated with longevity might be an alternative. Leg conformation has been included in many breeding schemes for a number of years. However, proving that leg conformation traits are good early indicators for longevity still remains. Our aim was to study genetic associations between leg conformation traits of young (5 months; 100 kg) Swedish Yorkshire pigs in nucleus herds and longevity traits of sows in nucleus and multiplier herds. Data included 97 533 animals with information on conformation (Movement and Overall score) recorded at performance testing and 26 962 sows with information on longevity. The longevity traits were as follows: stayability from 1st to 2nd parity, lifetime number of litters and lifetime number of born alive piglets. Genetic analyses were performed with both linear models using REML and linear-threshold models using Bayesian methods. Heritabilities estimated using the Bayesian method were higher than those estimated using REML, ranging from 0.10 to 0.24 and 0.07 to 0.20, respectively. All estimated genetic correlations between conformation and longevity traits were significant and favourable. Heritabilities and genetic correlations between conformation and longevity indicate that selection on leg conformation should improve sow longevity.
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| 33. |
- Hong, Thu Le, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic association between leg conformation in young pigs and sow reproduction
- 2015
-
In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 178, s. 9-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lameness is an issue of concern in pig production due both to animal welfare and to economical aspects. Lame sows are believed to suffer from pain and stress which is re ported to have a negative influence on reproduction. Leg conformation and locomotion traits in young animals are associated with the risk of lameness at higher age. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of leg conformation traits recorded at performance testing (around 5 months of age) and their genetic correlations with reproduction traits. Information on leg conformation traits from 123,307pigs scored and on reproduction traits from 22,204 litters in the first and second parity from Swedish Yorkshire nucleus herds were available for genetic analysis. Eight conformation and locomotion traits, coming from the old or the new scoring system in Sweden, included old movement, old overall leg score, new movement, new toes quality, new front leg quality, new rear leg quality, standing-under-position syndrome and new overall score. Four reproduction traits were analyzed by parity: the number of total born piglets, the number of liveborn piglets, the number of stillborn piglets and weaning to service interval. Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits were obtained using a multi-trait linear animal mixed model. The heritability estimates were low to moderate, ranging from 0.02 to 0.20 for conformation traits and from 0.06 to 0.10 for reproduction traits.Significant genetic correlations were found between new toes quality and new overall score and the number of liveborn piglets in the 1st parity (-0.35 and -0.31, respectively), indicating that sows with even toes and better overall leg score tend to have higher number of liveborn piglets. Old movement score showed significant correlations with number of total born and number of liveborn piglets in both parities (0.20 to 0.36) and with weaning to service interval in the 2nd parity (-0.357±0.11). Similarly, standing-under-position syndrome was highly associated with number of total born and number of liveborn piglets in both parities (-0.54 to -0.35), indicating that sows with better movement and not suffering from standing-under-position syndrome are likely to have larger litter size and shorter interval to return heat after weaning. Heritabilities and significantly favorable genetic correlation estimates suggest the possibility of simultaneous improvement of both leg quality and reproduction performance by selecting on sound leg conformation and locomotion of young pigs.
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| 34. |
- Hong, Thu Le, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic correlation between leg conformation in young pigs, sow reproduction and longevity in Danish pig populations
- 2015
-
In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 65, s. 132-138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Selection for sow longevity using information from traits, which are expressed in early life and genetically highly related to longevity, is expected to be more effective than direct selection as it can overcome the disadvantage of late recording of true longevity. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between leg conformation recorded on young pigs, litter size at first parity and longevity of Danish Landrace and Yorkshire sows. Information on conformation from 116,733 Landrace and 89,963 Yorkshire pigs and information on reproduction and longevity from 27,070 Landrace and 11,895 Yorkshire sows were analyzed. All considered traits were low to moderately heritable, ranging from 0.02 to 0.41. In general, both conformation and reproduction traits were favorably genetically correlated with longevity (0.07-0.39 and 0.00-0.58, respectively). These estimates suggest a potential of improving sow longevity by selection on conformation recorded at young age and litter size at first parity.
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| 35. |
- Hong, Thu Le, et al.
(author)
-
Good legs means good stayability of the sows
- 2016
-
In: Annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. - 1382-6077. ; , s. 378-378
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Leg weakness is one of the major reasons for culling of sows. Improvement of leg conformation is expected to improve both animal welfare and producers' profit. We summarize here the possibilities to breed for better legs/ gaits and the potential influence on reproduction and stayability, based on data on Landrace and Yorkshire sows in Sweden and Denmark. Purebred young pigs were scored for leg conformation traits at performance testing (5 months of age) in our studies. Leg conformation traits were analyzed together with litter size in parities 1 and 2 and stayability traits (culled or not culled after parity 1 or parity 2), recorded on purebred sows in nucleus and multiplier herds. Genetic (co)variances between traits were estimated. We estimated heritabilities for leg conformation traits ranging from 0.02 to 0.20 depending on breed and population. Estimated genetic correlations between leg conformation and litter size were favorable for Swedish Yorkshire (+0.15 to +0.42), but unfavorable in the Danish populations (-0.17 to -0.46). Estimated correlations between leg conformation and stayability were favorable in both Swedish Yorkshire and the Danish populations (0.12 to 0.42). Our results indicate that leg conformation can be improved by selection. Indirect selection for improved stayability based on leg conformation traits would be possible but influenced by the size of the genetic correlations between traits. Our ongoing project on genome wide association study using high density SNP chip is expected to identify chromosome regions associated with leg traits in three Danish pig populations (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc). Results from this study could be used as prior information in genomic selection, helping to more effectively improve leg conformation and accordingly improve sow longevity.
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| 36. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(author)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
In: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 37. |
- Högfeldt, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Pedagogisk meritering på KTH - Samarbete, excellens och utbildningsinnovation
- 2019
-
In: Bidrag från 7:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - Luleå : Luleå University of Technology. ; , s. 76-81
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detta bidrag beskriver och analyserar förberedelsefasen inför implementeringen av ett högskolepedagogiskt excellensprogram vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH. Programmet syftar till att ytterligare stärka värdet av pedagogiska meriter och samtidigt bidra till lärosätets fortsatta och fördjupade utveckling av utbildningarna och organisationen. De tydligaste riskerna som har identifierats med befintliga pedagogiska meriteringsmodeller är att de kan skapa ett A- och B-lag (mellan en karriär som forskare och en karriär som lärare). Dessutom är det ofta oklart hur personer som har utnämnts till excellenta lärare ska kunna bidra till organisationens och utbildningens utveckling ur ett kortsiktigt såväl som ett långsiktigt perspektiv. En tydlig svaghet med befintliga pedagogiska meriteringsmodeller är att de inte explicit nog ger emfas till aktivt och relevant utvecklingsarbete, utan fokuserar på egenhändigt skrivna pedagogiska portföljer som sällan är framtidsinriktade. KTH:s högskolepedagogiska excellensprogram siktar på att försöka möta dessa risker och svagheter. KTH har, alltjämt sedan det nationella obligatoriet om 15 hp Högskolepedagogik infördes, kvarhållit detta obligatorium. Stora satsningar har gjorts på den högskolepedagogiska verksamheten. Ett gediget utbud av fortbildningsmöjligheter samt arenor för nätverkande har utvecklats. Samtidigt råder svagheter i systemet gällande prövande och tillvaratagande av pedagogisk skicklighet, och det är tydligt att KTH behöver ytterligare utveckling i området. Författarna menar också att i och med att de utmaningar vi står inför gällande pedagogisk meritering ser relativt lika ut vid landets lärosäten, bör ett stärkt nationellt samarbete och nätverkande inom landets ingenjörsutbildningar främjas inom området. Artikelförfattarna representerar KTH:s övergripande ledning, utbildningsledning samt ledningen för den högskolepedagogiska verksamheten.
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| 38. |
- Hörnstedt, Katja, et al.
(author)
-
Managers’ Perceptions of Older Workers and an Extended Working Life in Sweden
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research. - 2688-8548. ; 1:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Raising older workers’ participation level is a key objective in many countries. It is important therefore, to deepen the knowledge regarding older workers’ work situations.The objective of the present study was to describe how managers perceived older workers, and an extended working life, in Sweden.Seven focus groups, with a total of 26 managers, were conducted; with participants coming from municipal care, or from private companies. Data was analyzed using content analysis.Five categories emerged in the analysis: Work capacity, Education, Technical devices and ergonomics, Organizational and technological changes, and Sustainable and extended working life.Managers’ attitudes range from positive to negative, confirming previous research, and strengthening the evidence. However, managers in the present study emphasized differences between blue and white collar workers’ ability to extend working life. Furthermore, these managers thought that there were greater differences between different individuals than between different age groups.
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| 39. |
- Hörsted, Katja, et al.
(author)
-
Employers' attitudes toward older workers and a sustainable working life in a public geriatric care and in private building and manufacturing companies, in Sweden
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract/Introduction:In most of the industrialized world, the proportion of older and retired people in the population is increasing.The active working part of the population must in a short future fund the not working and ageing population.There is research going on in Scandinavia to obtain knowledge about older workers’ work and life situationin association with their planning and decision to retire from working life. One of the results has shown thatemployers’ attitudes towards ageing workers play a major role in the decision-making to work beyond normativeretirement age or not. If it is desirable for society that the active workforce extend their working life it isimportant to provide a supporting environment inside working life. This requires a focus on organizations andemployers’ attitudes towards ageing workers in order to provide incentives that keep older workers in the workforce.This thesis will form part of a larger research project on the Institution of occupational and environmentalmedicine at Lund University. Future studies in this project aim to develop proposals on actions, interventionsand recommendations regarding age adaptation/management.
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| 40. |
- Kircher, Albert, et al.
(author)
-
Mobile telephone simulator study
- 2004
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The study consists of four separate experiments conducted in the VTI drivingsimulator. The common theme was to investigate how driver behaviour andtraffic safety are influenced when the driver attends to another technicaldevice while driving. The experiments were concerned with handsfree orhandheld mobile phone conversation and dialling, receiving mobile phone SMSmessages and watching a DVD film (the latter two being minor pilotexperiments). In three of the experiments (mobile phone conversation, SMS,DVD) the participants drove a route which led through urban and ruralenvironments, ranging from 90 km/h rural to 50 km/h urban environments. Theurban environments differed in complexity (three levels). The drivingdistance was about 70 km. The dialling experiment used a rural environmentwith a speed limit of 110 km/h. The driving distance was about 15 km. In themain experiment dealing with mobile phone conversation, a number of drivingperformance measures were analysed: driving speed, variation in lateralposition, deceleration, brake reaction time, headway, time to collision, etc.PDT (Peripheral Detection Task) was used as a measure of mental workload.Mobile phone conversation was found demanding in terms of mental workload. Italso had effects on driving. Most effects were quite similar for the twophone modes (handsfree, handheld). Impaired reaction time performance wasdemonstrated in one of the situations for handheld mode. However, effectswere found which could be interpreted as attempts to compensate for theincreased workload caused by the mobile phone conversation: speed was reduced(more so for handheld than for handsfree mode), and time and distance headwayincreased. In spite of these compensatory behaviours, mental workload wasstill markedly increased by phone use. In the SMS experiment the participantsbraked later in one situation when reading the SMS message. No other effectswere found in this minor experiment. In the DVD experiment, mental workloadincreased when watching the film, although this was compensated for to someextent by the increased distance headway to a lead vehicle. No compensationin terms of reduced driving speed, however, was apparent in this experiment.In the dialling experiment negative effects on traffic safety were evidentfrom the larger variance of lateral car position during the dialling task forthe handsfree phone mode. The mental workload also increased with thedialling task. Compensation in terms of reduced driving speed was apparentfor both phone modes. Other aspects of mobile phone use while driving stillremain to be analysed in more detail, such as starting or finishing a call,looking for a phone number to dial, mishaps like dropping the phone, etc.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Kircher, Katja, et al.
(author)
-
Countermeasures against dangerous use of communication devices while driving – : a toolbox
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport behandlar tänkbara åtgärder för att reducera farligt användande av mobiltelefon och annan kommunikationsutrustning under körning. En viktig del i uppdraget var att belysa alternativ till lagstiftning om förbud. Åtgärdsförslagen täcker flera områden. Ett av dem är teknik, vilket innefattar både teknik i fordonet, teknik i kommunikationsutrustningen och en sammankoppling med infrastrukturen. Ett annat område handlar om utbildning och information och beskriver olika sätt att öka människans kunskap och förståelse. Ett tredje område belyser olika möjligheter som samhället har att påverka människans beteende, både via förbud och lagar och via incitament. En lista över samtliga åtgärdsförslag finns på rapportens baksida. Det finns både för- och nackdelar med användandet av kommunikationsutrustning under körning. Hur användandet ska hanteras är ett komplext problem och det är osannolikt att en enskild åtgärd står för hela lösningen. En åtgärd kan till och med vara beroende av att andra åtgärder redan är implementerade. Många åtgärder har en baksida och man kan inte förvänta sig tydliga målbilder och rakt igenom positiva resultat. Man måste därför lyfta blicken och inse att om fördelarna överväger nackdelarna så är åtgärden värd att genomföra. Olika åtgärder kan dock stärka varandra och delvis fånga upp möjliga negativa sidoeffekter. Vi anser att en kombination av olika åtgärder som dels utbildar och informerar och dels stöttar föraren i att kunna hantera kommunikation på ett säkert sätt är att föredra över ett förbud av användningen av kommunikationsutrustning under färd likt det som idag finns i andra europeiska länder. En kontinuerlig uppföljning och utvärdering krävs för att säkerställa att åtgärderna har förväntad effekt.
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| 43. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Cyklisters kompensationsstrategier när de använder mobil IT i trafiken
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det finns en oro att cyklister som använder mobil IT utgör en trafikfara, men trots den ökande användningen verkar inte olyckstalen stiga. Målet med denna studie är därför att undersöka om och i så fall hur cyklister anpassar sitt beteende när de använder mobil IT medan de cyklar. Tjugotvå unga cyklister fick cykla fem varv längs en gata på en cykelbana i verklig trafik. Under varje varv fick de utföra olika uppgifter: cykla som vanligt, lyssna på musik, bli uppringda och ringa, skriva och läsa sms, samt söka efter information på internet. Rutten och uppgifterna var förutbestämda, men cyklisterna fick till stor del själva välja var och när de utförde de olika uppgifterna. På så sätt kunde vi studera om cyklisterna använde någon strategi när de använde mobil IT samtidigt som de cyklade. Resultaten visar tydligt att cyklisterna i studien väljer strategier för att ta sig an de olika telefonuppgifterna och att de flesta cyklisterna är medvetna om vilka strategier de använder. De valda strategierna skiljer sig åt mellan cyklister och mellan olika situationer, men de har en gemensam nämnare – att motverka belastning från telefonuppgiften. Jämfört med att bara cykla normalt (17.6 ± 3.5 km/h) så ökar hastigheten något vid musiklyssnande (18.2 ± 3.7 km/h) medan hastigheten sänks markant när cyklisten hanterar telefonen (13.0 ± 5.0 km/h). För de uppgifter som cyklisten själv kan påverka (ringa upp, skriva sms, söka information på internet) så sänks hastigheten i god tid före användandet och för resterande uppgifter så sänks hastigheten när ringsignalen hörs. I 26 % av fallen valde cyklisterna att stanna eller att leda cykeln medan de utförde telefonuppgifterna. Även för blickbeteendet var det väldigt liten skillnad mellan att cykla som vanligt och att cykla med musik. Cyklisterna själva beskriver även fler strategier som inte framgår av mätningarna. Till exempel anger vissa att de lyssnar mer aktivt eller att de bara använder en hörlur, att de planerar sitt användande genom längre framförhållning eller genom att inte använda mobil IT i korsningar, eller genom att mana sig själva till att vara mer alerta. Kompensationsstrategin beror också på hur van cyklisten är att använda mobil IT.
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| 44. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Åtgärder mot trafikfarlig användning av kommunikationsutrustning under körning : en verktygslåda
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten kan ses som en verktygslåda av åtgärder med syfte att motverka de trafikfarliga aspekterna av kommunikation under körning och samtidigt bevara de positiva effekterna. Åtgärdsförslagen täcker flera områden och är tänkta som alternativ till lagstiftning om förbud. Ett av dem är teknik, vilket innefattar både teknik i fordonet, teknik i kommunikationsutrustningen och en sammankoppling med infrastrukturen. Ett annat område handlar om utbildning och information och beskriver olika sätt att öka människans kunskap och förståelse. Ett tredje område belyser olika möjligheter som samhället har att påverka människans beteende, både via förbud och lagar och via incitament. Vi vill poängtera att det finns både för- och nackdelar med användandet av kommunikationsutrustning under körning. Hur användandet ska hanteras är ett komplext problem och det är osannolikt att en enskild åtgärd står för hela lösningen. En åtgärd kan till och med vara beroende av att andra åtgärder redan är implementerade. Många åtgärder har en baksida och man kan inte förvänta sig entydiga och rakt igenom positiva resultat. Man måste därför lyfta blicken och inse att om fördelarna överväger nackdelarna så är åtgärden värd att genomföra. Olika åtgärder kan dock stärka varandra och delvis fånga upp möjliga negativa sidoeffekter.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Loza, M. J., et al.
(author)
-
Validated and longitudinally stable asthma phenotypes based on cluster analysis of the ADEPT study
- 2016
-
In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Asthma is a disease of varying severity and differing disease mechanisms. To date, studies aimed at stratifying asthma into clinically useful phenotypes have produced a number of phenotypes that have yet to be assessed for stability and to be validated in independent cohorts. The aim of this study was to define and validate, for the first time ever, clinically driven asthma phenotypes using two independent, severe asthma cohorts: ADEPT and U-BIOPRED. Methods: Fuzzy partition-around-medoid clustering was performed on pre-specified data from the ADEPT participants (n = 156) and independently on data from a subset of U-BIOPRED asthma participants (n = 82) for whom the same variables were available. Models for cluster classification probabilities were derived and applied to the 12-month longitudinal ADEPT data and to a larger subset of the U-BIOPRED asthma dataset (n = 397). High and low type-2 inflammation phenotypes were defined as high or low Th2 activity, indicated by endobronchial biopsies gene expression changes downstream of IL-4 or IL-13. Results: Four phenotypes were identified in the ADEPT (training) cohort, with distinct clinical and biomarker profiles. Phenotype 1 was "mild, good lung function, early onset", with a low-inflammatory, predominantly Type-2, phenotype. Phenotype 2 had a "moderate, hyper-responsive, eosinophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control, mild airflow obstruction and predominant Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 3 had a "mixed severity, predominantly fixed obstructive, non-eosinophilic and neutrophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control and low Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 4 had a "severe uncontrolled, severe reversible obstruction, mixed granulocytic" phenotype, with moderate Type-2 inflammation. These phenotypes had good longitudinal stability in the ADEPT cohort. They were reproduced and demonstrated high classification probability in two subsets of the U-BIOPRED asthma cohort. Conclusions: Focusing on the biology of the four clinical independently-validated easy-to-assess ADEPT asthma phenotypes will help understanding the unmet need and will aid in developing tailored therapies. Trial registration:NCT01274507(ADEPT), registered October 28, 2010 and NCT01982162(U-BIOPRED), registered October 30, 2013.
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| 48. |
- Lundgren, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic analysis of reproductive performance in Landrace sows and its correlation to piglet growth
- 2010
-
In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 128, s. 173-178
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive performance of sows, including the interval from weaning to service after 1st litter and litter size in the following (2nd) parity, as well as the direct and maternal genetic effects of piglet growth on these reproduction traits. Data on 15 946 Norwegian Landrace sows' 1st and 2nd parity, and on 106,962 piglets born in 11,323 1st parity litters were included in the analyses, in total, five traits were analysed. Weaning-to-service interval was based on a 1- to 7-day interval (WS17) or a transformed 1- to 50-day interval (WS150). A third reproduction trait was total number of piglets born in 2nd parity (NBTnext). Piglet weight was included in the analyses, either as average piglet weight in the litter at 3 weeks of age (meanW3) or as individual piglet weight gain during the first 3 weeks of life (IWG03). Genetic parameters were estimated with animal models, including both direct and maternal effects for IWG03. Heritability estimates for WS17, WS150 and NBTnext were 0.08, 0.03 and 0.09 respectively. For meanW3. the heritability estimate was 0.21. For IWG03, the direct and maternal heritability estimates were 0.15 and 0.10 respectively. Negative and unfavourable genetic correlations were estimated between meanW3 and NBTnext (r(g) = -0.37), and between IWG03(maternal) and NBTnext (r(g) = -0.39). The ability to raise fast growing, heavy piglets seems to have an unfavorable effect on total number born in next litter but not on the weaning-to-service interval. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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