| 1. |
- Spotorno, Nicola, et al.
(author)
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Plasma neurofilament light protein correlates with diffusion tensor imaging metrics in frontotemporal dementia
- 2020
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neurofilaments are structural components of neurons and are particularly abundant in highly myelinated axons. The levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma have been related to degeneration in several neurodegenerative conditions including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and NfL is currently considered as the most promising diagnostic and prognostic fluid biomarker in FTD. Although the location and function of filaments in the healthy nervous system suggests a link between increased NfL and white matter degeneration, such a claim has not been fully elucidated in vivo, especially in the context of FTD. The present study provides evidence of an association between the plasma levels of NfL and white matter involvement in behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) by relating plasma concentration of NfL to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in a group of 20 bvFTD patients. The results of both voxel-wise and tract specific analysis showed that increased plasma NfL concentration is associated with a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in a widespread set of white matter tracts including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the fronto-occipital fasciculus the anterior thalamic radiation and the dorsal cingulum bundle. Plasma NfL concentration also correlated with cortical thinning in a portion of the right medial prefrontal cortex and of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that blood NfL levels reflect the global level of neurodegeneration in bvFTD and help to advance our understanding of the association between this blood biomarker for FTD and the disease process.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mårtensson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Deletion of the G protein-coupled receptor 30 impairs glucose tolerance, reduces bone growth, increases blood pressure, and eliminates estradiol-stimulated insulin release in female mice.
- 2009
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In: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 150:2, s. 687-98
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In vitro studies suggest that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 30 is a functional estrogen receptor. However, the physiological role of GPR30 in vivo is unknown, and it remains to be determined whether GPR30 is an estrogen receptor also in vivo. To this end, we studied the effects of disrupting the GPR30 gene in female and male mice. Female GPR30((-/-)) mice had hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance, reduced body growth, increased blood pressure, and reduced serum IGF-I levels. The reduced growth correlated with a proportional decrease in skeletal development. The elevated blood pressure was associated with an increased vascular resistance manifested as an increased media to lumen ratio of the resistance arteries. The hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in vivo were associated with decreased insulin expression and release in vivo and in vitro in isolated pancreatic islets. GPR30 is expressed in islets, and GPR30 deletion abolished estradiol-stimulated insulin release both in vivo in ovariectomized adult mice and in vitro in isolated islets. Our findings show that GPR30 is important for several metabolic functions in female mice, including estradiol-stimulated insulin release.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Hygrometry
- 2018
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In: Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-2031 .- 2213-204X. - 9783319742311 ; 26, s. 73-86
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Moisture distribution in a structure/ specimen—general
- 2018
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In: Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-204X .- 2213-2031. - 9783319742311 - 9783319742304 ; 26, s. 191-192
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Moisture in a substrate before surface covering
- 2018
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In: Moisture in a Substrate Before Surface Covering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-2031 .- 2213-204X. ; 26, s. 229-235
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Pore water pressure
- 2018
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In: Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-2031 .- 2213-204X. ; 26, s. 87-91
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Sandberg, Dick, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Utvändiga träfasader : Inverkan av materialval, konstruktion och ytbehandling på beständigheten hos fasader av gran och tall
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den utvändiga fasaden ska ge byggnaden ett uttryck genom utformning och kulör. Fasaden ska också skydda de isolerande skikten i väggen från yttre påverkan. Dessa funktioner kan uppfyllas av i stort sett alla material. Om trä ska trä vara konkurrenskraftigt måste trämaterialet, fasadkonstruktionen och ytbehandlingssystemet väljas och samverka på ett sådant sätt att fasaden får en lång livslängd med litet och lågt underhåll. Därigenom blir träfasaden ekonomiskt och estetiskt attraktiv för brukaren i vid mening.Denna studie belyser kunskapsfronten för utomhusanvändning av träslagen tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) ovan mark. Specifikt studeras användning i fasader utifrån aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion, ytbehandling samt återvinning.Marknaden efterfrågar träfasadsystem. De behov som marknadens aktörer, dvs. byggherrar, fastighetsförvaltare, arkitekter, konstruktörer, stomleverantörer, entreprenörer och representanter för småhusindustrin, framhäver kan sammanfattas i följande punkter:Behov av specificerad livslängd och givna tidsintervall för underhåll av träfasader. (Ska vara i nivå med konkurrerande material)Det är önskvärt att leverantören av ett fasadsystem ikläder sig ett långsiktigt ansvar för underhåll.Flexibilitet, leverantören ska kunna byta ut eller renovera fasaden vid behov.Byggkrav, träfasadmaterial måste kunna samverka med andra, speciellt brandklassade, material.Fasadsystem skall vara utseendemässigt attraktivt.Den primära marknaden för nya fasadsystem bör vara flerbostadshus, men inte nödvändigtvis flerbostadshus av trä. Fokus ska ligga på fasadsystemets flexibilitet i arkitektoniskt uttryck och i relation till andra material och system. Nybyggnation är viktigt, men miljonprogrammet, renovering och tillbyggnad (ROT) samt energieffektivisering är också viktiga områden.Den svenska marknaden är liten (idag ca. 70 000 m3 trä för fasader), men bör inledningsvis ändå prioriteras och därefter de nordiska länderna, samt Schweiz, Österrike och Tyskland.I litteraturen beskrivs mer eller mindre välgrundade rekommendationer för att förlänga träfasaders livslängd och öka dess underhålls-intervall. Vissa av rekommendationerna är dock direkt motstridiga.När aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion och ytbehandling studeras finns det många detaljer som har betydelse för träfasadens beständighet. Det är svårt att sära ut de mest väsentliga faktorerna, men utan att ta hänsyn till aspekter som kostnader, tillgång, eller andra av praktiskt karaktär viktiga faktorer kan följande nyckelfaktorer identifieras för en miljöriktig och beständig fasad av tall eller gran:MaterialvalHög andel kärnved, helst uteslutande kärnvedVirket ska ha stående årsringarHanteringen ska utföras så att virket inte får mekaniska skador, får mikrobiella angrepp, eller blir uppfuktat eller nedsmutsat, dvs. snabb och rätt hantering, samt god emballering.Från marken – fasaden ska börja minst 30 cm ovan marken.Ventilation – utforma fasadbeklädnaden så att fukt snabbt kan torka ut. Ventilera utrymmet bakom fasaden vilket är ett enkelt sätt för att möjliggöra detta.Vattenavrinning – inga horisontella ytor.Flexibilitet – ska gälla både konstruktion och arkitektoniskt utförande. Fasadsystem som kan ”hängas på” befintliga byggnader efterfrågas.Förseglat ändträ – försegling av ändträytor för att förhindra fuktupptagning i träet är helt avgörande för trämaterialets livslängd. Spikning kan öppna nya ändträytor och bör därmed utföras omsorgsfullt och med eftertanke.Rundade virkeskanter – ger bättre täckförmåga hos färgen och minskar risk för mekaniska skador på fasadbrädorna.Val av ytbehandling – spelar en nyckelroll för fasadens prestanda. En träfasad ska levereras som en del av ett komplett underhållspaket.Hantering från skog till fasadKonstruktionYtbehandlingFör ytbehandling finns idag många tillämpningar där nanotekniken utnyttjas för att skapa mervärde hos en yta jämfört med vad dagens mer traditionella produkter kan erbjuda. Nanobaserade ytbehandlingsprodukter marknadsförs redan idag och där uppges de göra ytor smuts- och vattenavvisande, förhindra påväxt av alger, svamp och mossa, förbättra UV- och temperaturresistensen och kulörbeständigheten, förbättra rep- och nötningståligheten, samt ha antigraffiti egenskaper etc. De flesta produkterna är dock nya och för en del finns därför frågetecken vad gäller t.ex. långtidsprestanda och teknisk livslängd, underhållbarhet och därmed sammanhängande ekonomi sett ur ett livscykelperspektiv för den produkt eller system där ytbehandlingen utgör bara en del.En kostnadsanalys som genomförts i studien gör bedömningen att nya nanoteknikbaserade ytbehandlingssystem skulle kunna ge som mest en reduktion av underhållskostnaderna med 15 %. Antagandet är då att fasadrengöring behöver göras vart femte eller sjunde år då traditionella målningssystem används.Återvunnet trä från träfasader definieras enligt Svensk standard som trädbränsle och benämns generellt för returträ eller när materialet är i finfördelad form för returflis.Ett stort problem med att återvinna energin från returträ är att en del av materialet är behandlat på något sätt, t.ex. impregnerat med träskyddsmedel, ytbehandlat eller innehåller andra konstruktionsdelar av t.ex. plast eller metall. Returflis är ett utmärkt bränsle för energiåtervinning förutsatt att anläggningen har tillräcklig rökgasrening och att askan hanteras på ett korrekt sätt. Ett problem idag är vad som ska ske med förorenad askan då den klassas som farligt avfall och därmed inte kan återföras till skogen. Om halterna av tungmetaller inte är för höga kan askan användas som täck- och fyllmaterial annars måste askan gå till deponi.En bättre källsortering och översyn av regelverk skulle dessutom kunna leda till att det renare returträet skulle kunna eldas i konventionella biobränslepannor medan den förorenade andelen då skulle eldas separat.
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| 10. |
- Santillo, Alexander Frizell, et al.
(author)
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Diffusion Tensor Tractography versus Volumetric Imaging in the Diagnosis of Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7, s. e66932-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of white matter integrity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia have consistently shown involvement of frontal and temporal white matter, corresponding to regional loss of cortical volume. Volumetric imaging has a suboptimal sensitivity as a diagnostic tool and thus we wanted to explore if DTI is a better method to discriminate patients and controls than volumetric imaging. We examined the anterior cingulum bundle in 14 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and 22 healthy controls using deterministic manual diffusion tensor tractography, and compared DTI parameters with two measures of cortical atrophy, VBM and cortical thickness, of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Statistically significant changes between patients and controls were detected in all DTI parameters, with large effect sizes. ROC-AUC was for the best DTI parameters: 0.92 (fractional anisotropy) to 0.97 (radial diffusivity), 0.82 for the best cortical parameter, VBM of the ACC. Results from the AUC were confirmed with binary logistic regression analysis including demographic variables, but only for fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Ability to classify patient/nonpatient status was significantly better for mean diffusivity vs. VBM (p = 0.031), and borderline significant for fractional anisotropy vs. VBM (p = 0.062). The results indicate that DTI could offer advantages in comparison with the assessment of cortical volume in differentiating patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and controls.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Tomic, Tajana Tesan, et al.
(author)
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MYO5B mutations in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma promote cancer progression
- 2020
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In: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 16:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identification of additional cancer-associated genes and secondary mutations driving the metastatic progression in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is important for subtyping, and may provide optimization of therapeutic regimens. We recently reported novel recurrent nonsynonymous mutations in the MYO5B gene in metastatic PPGL. Here, we explored the functional impact of these MYO5B mutations, and analyzed MYO5B expression in primary PPGL tumor cases in relation to mutation status. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis in 30 PPGL tumors revealed an increased MYO5B expression in metastatic compared to non-metastatic cases. In addition, subcellular localization of MYO5B protein was altered from cytoplasmic to membranous in some metastatic tumors, and the strongest and most abnormal expression pattern was observed in a paraganglioma harboring a somatic MYO5B:p.G1611S mutation. In addition to five previously discovered MYO5B mutations, the present study of 30 PPGL (8 previous and 22 new samples) also revealed two, and hence recurrent, mutations in the gene paralog MYO5A. The three MYO5B missense mutations with the highest prediction scores (p.L587P, p.G1611S and p.R1641C) were selected and functionally validated using site directed mutagenesis and stable transfection into human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-AS) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). In vitro analysis showed a significant increased proliferation rate in all three MYO5B mutated clones. The two somatically derived mutations, p.L587P and p.G1611S, were also found to increase the migration rate. Expression analysis of MYO5B mutants compared to wild type clones, demonstrated a significant enrichment of genes involved in migration, proliferation, cell adhesion, glucose metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Our study validates the functional role of novel MYO5B mutations in proliferation and migration, and suggest the MYO5-pathway to be involved in the malignant progression in some PPGL tumors. © 2020 Tomic et al.
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| 13. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(author)
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A broad range tagging spectrometer for the MAX-laboratory
- 1997
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 388:1-2, s. 17-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A broad range tagging spectrometer together with a new beam transport system for photonuclear experiments at the MAX-laboratory in Lund is described. The spectrometer consists of a quadrupole followed by an Elbek-type dipole and has a large momentum acceptance. It can produce both polarized and unpolarized tagged photons in the energy range 10–80 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bankell, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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LL-37-induced caspase-independent apoptosis is associated with plasma membrane permeabilization in human osteoblast-like cells
- 2021
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In: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The host defense peptide LL-37 is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but it has also been shown to reduce human host cell viability. However, the mechanisms behind LL-37-induced human host cell cytotoxicity are not yet fully understood. Here, we assess if LL-37-evoked attenuation of human osteoblast-like MG63 cell viability is associated with apoptosis, and if the underlying mechanism may involve LL-37-induced plasma membrane permeabilization. MG63 cell viability and plasma membrane permeabilization were investigated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Annexin V flow cytometry, and caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage were determined by Western blot. LL-37 (4 and 10 μM) reduced both cell number and cell viability, and these effects were associated with a pro-apoptotic effect demonstrated by positive TUNEL staining and Annexin V flow cytometry. LL-37-induced apoptosis was not coupled to either caspase-3 or PARP cleavage, suggesting that LL-37 causes caspase-independent apoptosis in MG63 cells. Both LL-37 and the well-known plasma membrane permeabilizer Triton X-100 reduced cell viability and stimulated LDH release. Triton X-100-treated cells showed positive TUNEL staining, and the detergent accumulated cells in late apoptosis/necrosis. Similar to LL-37, Triton X-100 caused no PARP cleavage. We conclude that LL-37 promotes caspase-independent apoptosis, and that this effect seems coupled to plasma membrane permeabilization in human MG63 cells.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(author)
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Sleeping problems as a risk factor for subsequent musculoskeletal pain and the role of job strain: results from a one-year follow-up of the Malmö Shoulder Neck Study Cohort.
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:4, s. 254-262
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of sleeping problems in the causal pathway between job strain and musculoskeletal pain is not clear. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleeping problems and job strain on the one-year risk for neck, shoulder, and lumbar pain. METHOD: A prospective study, using self-administered questionnaires, of a healthy cohort of 4,140 vocationally active persons ages 45-64, residing in the city of Malmo. RESULTS: At follow-up, 11.8% of the men and 14.8% of the women had developed pain. The odds ratios (OR) for pain at follow-up and sleeping problems at baseline were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.13-2.61) in men and 1.91 (1.35-2.70) in women. Regarding exposure to job strain, ORs were 1.39 (0.94-2.05) for men and 1.63 (1.18-2.23) for women. These statistically significant risks remained so when controlled for possible confounding. A modest synergistic effect was noted in women with concurrent sleeping problems and job strain, but not in men. CONCLUSION: One in 15-20 of all new cases of chronic pain in the population could be attributed to sleeping problems. No evidence was found for a causal chain with job strain leading to musculoskeletal pain by the pathway of sleeping problems.
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| 18. |
- Casswall, Thomas H., et al.
(author)
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Helicobacter species DNA in liver and gastric tissues in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 45:2, s. 160-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) have previously been found in adults with hepatobiliary diseases. Here, we report the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and EHS in liver and gastric tissue in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods. Seventy-seven consecutive children and adolescents with CLD with or without ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (UC/CD) were investigated. Tissue samples were analysed using a Helicobacter genus specific 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and DNA-sequence analysis. Sera from 61 subjects were also analysed using enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. Results. The Helicobacter PCR was positive in 3/23 (13%) livers from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and UC, and in 1/2 livers from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and UC. Sequenced PCR products matched the 16S rDNA of H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. canis, and H. pylori, respectively. H. ganmani and H. bilis were detected in gastric tissues from two AIH patients. H. hepaticus and H. pullorum were found in livers from two patients with acute liver failure and intrahepatic cholestasis. Antibody reactivity to Helicobacter cell-surface proteins was negative. Conclusions. H. pylori and EHS can be detected in the livers of some patients with UC and concomitant liver disease, as well as in other children with liver diseases. Multicentre studies from different locations are needed to find out whether these bacteria play a pathogenetic role or whether their presence is an epiphenomenon.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Dahl, Sara, et al.
(author)
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The host defense peptide LL-37 triggers release of nucleic acids from human mast cells
- 2018
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In: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 109, s. 39-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The human host defense peptide LL-37 possesses antimicrobial activity but also affects host cell function and viability. Mast cells are involved in innate immunity but no data have been presented on effects of LL-37 on human mast cell viability and export of nucleic acids. Here, we demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy that synthesized LL-37 was internalized by human LAD2 mast cells and detected both in cytoplasm and nucleus. Treatment with high (4 and 10 μM) but not low (1 μM) concentrations of LL-37 for 4 h reduced cell viability assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Stimulation with 10 μM LL-37 for 4 h enhanced export of nucleic acids, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggesting that both nuclear and plasma membranes are permeabilized by LL-37. Although LL-37 triggered release of nucleic acids, no extracellular trap-like structures were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy of cells incubated with the plasma membrane impermeable nucleic acid fluorophore SYTOX-Green, indicating that LL-37 promotes export of nucleic acids but not formation of extracellular traps. On the other hand, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), which is a well-known inducer of extracellular traps, stimulated export of nucleic acids and also formation of extracellular trap-like structures. However, PMA had no effect on export of either total protein or LDH. Hence, LL-37 and PMA seem to stimulate export of nucleic acids from LAD2 mast cells through different pathways. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LL-37 triggers release of nucleic acids from human mast cells but not the formation of extracellular trap-like structures.
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| 21. |
- Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Time transfer using an asynchronous computer network: Results from three weeks of measurements
- 2007
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In: European Frequency and Time Forum, 29/5 - 1/6, Geneva, CH.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have performed a time transfer experimentbetween two atomic clocks, over a distance of approximately 75km using an 10 Gbit/s asynchronous fiber-optic computernetwork. The time transfer was accomplished through passivelistening on existing data traffic and a pilot sequence in the SDHbit stream. In order to assess the fiber-link clock comparison, wesimultaneously compared the clocks using a GPS carrier phaselink. The standard deviation of the difference between the twotime transfer links over the three-week time period was 243 ps.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ellis, Vincenzo A., et al.
(author)
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Explaining prevalence, diversity and host specificity in a community of avian haemosporidian parasites
- 2020
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In: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 129:9, s. 1314-1329
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many hypotheses attempt to explain parasite–host associations, but rarely are they examined together in a single community. For hosts, key traits are the proportion of infected individuals (prevalence) and the diversity of parasites infecting them. A key parasite trait is host specificity, ranging from specialists infecting one or a few closely related species to generalists infecting many species. We tested 10 hypotheses to explain host-parasite associations; five ‘host-centric’ (e.g. prevalence is related to host abundance) and five ‘parasite-centric’ (e.g. parasite abundance is related to host specificity). We analyzed a community of 67 locally transmitted avian haemosporidian parasite lineages (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus or Leucocytozoon), sampled from 2726 birds (64 species) in southern Sweden. Among host-centric hypotheses, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon prevalence and Haemoproteus diversity were related to host habitat preferences, whereas there were no relationships with host abundance or body mass. Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon prevalences were more similar among closely related than among distantly related host species. Haemoproteus prevalence and diversity were lower in host species with few close relatives (‘evolutionarily distinct’ hosts). Among parasite-centric hypotheses, most lineages, even relative generalists, infected closely related host species more often than expected by chance. However, the host species of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon lineages overlapped less among lineages than expected by chance. Specialists did not reach higher prevalences than generalists on single host species. However, the abundance of Haemoproteus lineages was related to host specificity with generalists more common than specialists; this was driven by three closely related generalists. Host specificity of parasites was unrelated to the abundance or evolutionarily distinctiveness of their hosts. Parasite communities are likely structured by many factors and cannot be explained by hypotheses focusing solely on hosts or parasites. However, we found consistent effects of host phylogenetic relationships, plausibly a result of evolutionarily conserved host immune systems limiting parasite distributions.
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| 33. |
- Forsberg, Per-Olof, et al.
(author)
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In vitro phosphorylation of human complement factor C3 by protein kinase A and protein kinase C : Effects on the classical and alternative pathways
- 1990
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 265:5, s. 2941-2946
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Complement factor C3, recently found to contain covalently bound phosphate, was phosphorylated in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) and Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Both protein kinases phosphorylated the same serine residue(s) located in the C3a portion of the alpha-chain. In addition, protein kinase C phosphorylated the beta-chain to a lesser extent. Protein kinase A gave a maximal incorporation of 1 mol of phosphate/mol of C3 while that value with protein kinase C was 1.5 mol of phosphate/mol of C3. The velocity in pmol of [32P]phosphate/(min x unit kinase) was 20 times higher for protein kinase C than for protein kinase A although a 10 times lower ratio of protein kinase to C3 was used in the former case. The apparent Kmfor C3 was 2.6 µM when protein kinase C was used. The phosphorylated C3 was found to be more resistant to partial degradation by trypsin than unphosphorylated C3. It was also found that phosphorylation of C3 in the C3a portion of the alpha-chain inhibited both the classical and alternative complement activation pathways on an approximately stoichiometric basis.
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| 36. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Inledning
- 2014
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In: Att laga revor i samhällsväven – om social utsatthet och sociala risker i den postindustriella staden. - 9789187997006 ; 18, s. 8-9
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under de senaste trettio åren har Sverige och Europa genomgått en dramatisk omvandling. Geopolitiska förändringar i kombination med globalisering har förändrat näringsliv och politik i grunden. Därmed har efterkrigstidens hot och risker ersatts av andra och i vissa fall mer diffusa samhällsrisker. Även sociala frågor har kommit att diskuteras och betraktas som hot och risker. Denna rapport är en samlad redovisning av forskningsprojektet ”Sociala risker, civilsamhällets omvandling och strategisk riskhantering. För en beredskap inför 2000-talets kriser”. Projektet har pågått under tre och ett halvt år och finansierats av Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskap (MSB). Bakgrunden till forskningsprojektet är den framväxt eller snarare återkomst av socialt orsakade risker, händelser och kriser som inträffat i början av 2000-talet men som historiskt sett inte är nya. Vad som kan ses som sociala risker är ett brett fält, men under senare år har särskilt konflikter i svenska bostadsområden blivit särskilt uppmärksammade. Som rapporten visar har begreppet social risk emellertid ett mycket bredare användningsområde än så. Forskningsprojektets syfte har varit att identifiera och analysera sociala risker och deras bakomliggande orsaker, men också att utveckla metoder och synsätt för social riskanalys samt ge förslag på hur samhället i vid mening skall kunna förbättra sin förmåga att motverka och hantera sociala risker.Projektet har behandlat ett antal forskningsfrågor:• Hur kan sociala risker bestämda av långsamma och underliggande samhälleliga förändringsprocesser identifieras och analyseras?• Hur kan lokalt förankrade nätverk för risk- och krishantering utvecklas och stödjas, och vilken roll kan myndigheter som räddningstjänst och polis ha i detta arbete?• Är vissa bostadsområden med likartade förhållanden mer motståndskraftiga (resilienta) mot socialt oönskade händelser än andra och i så fall varför?• Hur kan en gemensam kunskapsutveckling och kunskapspraktik kring sociala risker och krishantering utvecklas och tillämpas mellan räddningstjänst, polis, kommunala förvaltningar, fastighetsföretag, forskning och andra aktörer?
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| 37. |
- Hagnelius, Nils-Olof, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Blood concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid among demented and non-demented Swedish elderly with and without home care services and vitamin B(12) prescriptions
- 2012
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. - Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger. - 1664-5464. ; 2:1, s. 387-399
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Aims: Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) has been suggested as a risk factor of dementia. Our aim was to investigate potential differences in tHcy status in relation to the prescription of vitamin B(12) and dementia diagnosis. We examined whether vitamin B(12) prescriptions, a family history of dementia, or the need for home care service might be associated with tHcy values.Methods: A cross-sectional monocenter study comprising 926 consecutive subjects attending our Memory Care Unit was conducted.Results: Demented subjects being prescribed vitamin B(12) had higher serum vitamin B(12) (p = 0.025) but also higher tHcy (p < 0.001) and serum methylmalonate (p = 0.032), and lower serum folate (p < 0.001) than those who did not receive vitamin B(12) prescriptions. tHcy levels were significantly higher in non-demented subjects receiving home care service (p = 0.007). This group also had lower serum albumin (dementia: p < 0.001; non-dementia: p = 0.004). There was no difference in renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) in demented or non-demented subjects with or without vitamin B(12) prescriptions (dementia with/without vitamin B(12) prescription: p = 0.561; non-dementia with/without vitamin B(12) prescription: p = 0.710).Conclusion: Despite vitamin B(12) prescriptions, demented subjects had higher tHcy and methylmalonate values. The elevated metabolite values could not be explained by differences in renal function. Thus, elderly subjects on vitamin B(12) prescription appear to have unmet nutritional needs.
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| 38. |
- Hagnelius, Nils-Olof, et al.
(author)
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CSF/serum folate gradient : physiology and determinants with special reference to dementia
- 2008
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 25:6, s. 516-523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Folate depletion has been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that transport of folate to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment could be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders.METHODS: The CSF/serum folate gradient (R(CSF/S)) was studied in 205 subjects with suspected cognitive disorder. Its relation to clinical and biochemical indices, including the integrity of the blood-CSF barrier, were characterized.RESULTS: In subjects who were diagnosed as nondemented (ND) the mean R(CSF/S )+/- SD was 2.46 +/- 0.62 versus 2.09 +/- 0.67 (p = 0.008) in the dementia subgroup with a vascular component (VaD + mixed). The ND subgroup had higher CSF folate (p = 0.001) and lower serum homocysteine values (p = 0.001) than the VaD + mixed subgroup. The folate gradient R(CSF/S) was negatively correlated with serum folate (p < 0.001, R(2) = 0.518) and to the albumin ratio, a blood-CSF barrier biomarker (beta = -0.235). The Alzheimer patients had R(CSF/S) and albumin ratios similar to the ND subjects.CONCLUSION: The R(CSF/S) was significantly lower in the VaD + mixed dementia subgroup, suggestive of a defect in the transport of folate over the choroid plexus that seems to be characteristic of, and limited to, the VaD + mixed dementia subgroup.
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| 39. |
- Hagnelius, Nils-Olof, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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High homocysteine and methylmalonate among demented and non-demented elderly receiving vitamin-B12 prescription and home help service
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background & Aims: Total homocysteine (tHcy) has been suggested as a dementia risk factor. Our aim was to investigate potential differences in tHcy and its determinants (mainly Serum-B12 and Serum-folate) in relation dementia. We examined the effect of vitamin-B12 prescription, whether a family history of dementia, or the need for home help service might have influence on tHcy.Methods: A cross sectional monocenter study comprising 926 consecutive subjects attending our Memory Care Unit.Results: Demented subjects being prescribed vitamin-B12 had higher Serum-B12 (p =0.025) but also higher tHcy (p =<0.001) and S-methylmalonate (p =0.032), and lower Serum-folate (p<0.001) than those who did not receive B12 prescriptions. tHcy levels were higher in subjects in need of home help service (non-dementia: p= 0.007), this group also had lower S-albumin (dementia: p<0.001; non-dementia: p=0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis with diagnosis of dementia as outcome, both vitamin-B12 prescriptions, family history of dementia, and existent home help service, predicted dementia (p=0.037; 0.044; 0.002 respectively).Conclusion: Elderly subjects on vitamin-B12 prescription appear to have unmet needs of nutritional support, causing elevated homocysteine levels. The home help service should pay a closer attention to nutritional aspects and drug compliance among geriatric patients.
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| 40. |
- Harper, Luke, et al.
(author)
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Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability
- 2024
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In: Brain Structure and Function. - 1863-2653.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sulcation of the anterior cingulate may be defined by presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing during the third gestational trimester with implications on cognitive function and disease. In this cross-sectional study we examine task-free resting state functional connectivity and diffusion-weighted tract segmentation data from a cohort of healthy adults (< 60-year-old, n = 129), exploring the impact of ipsilateral paracingulate sulcal presence on structural and functional connectivity. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the left cingulum bundle and the left peri-genual and dorsal bundle segments, suggesting reduced structural organisational coherence in these tracts. This association was not observed in the offsite temporal cingulum bundle segment. Left paracingulate sulcal presence was associated with increased left peri-genual radial diffusivity and tract volume possibly suggesting increased U-fibre density in this region. Greater network dispersity was identified in individuals with an absent left paracingulate sulcus by presence of a significant, predominantly intraregional, frontal component of resting state functional connectivity which was not present in individuals with a present left paracingulate sulcus. Seed-based functional connectivity in pre-defined networks was not associated with paracingulate sulcal presence. These results identify a novel association between sulcation and structural connectivity in a healthy adult population with implications for conditions where this variation is of interest. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus appears to alter local structural and functional connectivity, possibly as a result of the presence of a local network reliant on short association fibres.
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| 41. |
- Hedekvist, Per Olof E, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Accurate time transfer utilizing the synchronization in an SDH-network
- 2006
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In: 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference, and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference; Anaheim, CA; United States; 5 March 2006 through 10 March 2006. - 9781557528032 ; 2006
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A nationwide system for accurate time distribution is being developed, utilizing synchronization in an SDH-network. The first experimental results based on this technique are presented, performed on, but not limited to, STM-64.
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| 42. |
- Hiensch, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Two-material rail development : field test results regarding rolling contact fatigue and squeal behaviour
- 2005
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 258:7-8, s. 964-972
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from the European 5th Framework project “InfraStar” are presented. The InfraStar project is developing a two-material rail to increase the productivity and reliability of rail infrastructure. The two-material rail aims to be rolling contact fatigue (RCF) resistant and to reduce squeal noise.The InfraStar consortium has built a high level of wheel–rail expertise and understanding regarding RCF initiation and development, level and position of wheel–rail contact forces, and new interface materials and has gained experience in both laboratory and field test operating conditions. Within the project a validated theoretical train–track interaction model and a fatigue design model for two-material rails have been developed.This paper focuses on the field test results of the two-material rail, and how the predictions and expectations from the selection process match with the results observed in track. Results are very promising. The two-material rail prototypes, now over 1 year in track, show no RCF damage where the non-treated rail shows clear RCF damage. The development of the application process and other objectives of the InfraStar project are discussed.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Holm, Anders, et al.
(author)
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The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 agonist G-1 disrupts endothelial cell microtubule structure in a receptor-independent manner.
- 2012
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In: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-8177 .- 1573-4919. ; 366:1-2, s. 239-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER1, also known as GPR30, has been implicated in oestrogen signalling, but the physiological importance of GPER1 is not fully understood. The GPER1 agonist G-1 has become an important tool to assess GPER1-mediated cellular effects. Here, we report that this substance, besides acting via GPER1, affects the microtubule network in endothelial cells. Treatment with G-1 (3 μM) for 24 h reduced DNA synthesis by about 60 % in mouse microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells. Treatment with 3 μM G-1 prevented outgrowth of primary endothelial cells from mouse aortic explants embedded in Matrigel. Treatment with G-1 (0.3-3 μM) for 24 h disrupted bEnd.3 cell and HUVEC microtubule structure in a concentration-dependent manner as assessed by laser-scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. G-1-induced (3 μM) disruption of microtubule was observed also after acute (3 and 6 h) treatment and in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Disruption of microtubules by 3 μM G-1 was observed in aortic smooth muscle cells obtained from both GPER1 knockout and wild-type mice, suggesting that G-1 influences microtubules through a mechanism independent of GPER1. G-1 dose dependently (10-50 μM) stimulated microtubule assembly in vitro. On the other hand, microtubules appeared normal in the presence of 10-50 μM G-1 as determined by electron microscopy. We suggest that G-1-promoted endothelial cell anti-proliferation is due in part to alteration of microtubule organization through a mechanism independent of GPER1. This G-1-promoted mechanism may be used to block unwanted endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis such as that observed in, e.g. cancer.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Holmberg, Anna H, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for hip fractures in a middle-aged population: a study of 33,000 men and women.
- 2005
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In: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 16:Sep22, s. 2185-2194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge about subjects who sustain hip fractures in middle age is poor. This study prospectively investigated risk factors for hip fracture in middle age and compared risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. The Malmo Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men, mean age 44 years, and 10,902 women, mean age 50 years at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. Follow-up was up to 16 years with regard to occurrence of fracture. One hundred thirty-five women had one low-energy hip fracture each, 93 of which were cervical and 42 trochanteric. One hundred sixty-three men had 166 hip fractures, of which 81 were cervical and 85 trochanteric. In the final Cox regression model for women, the risk factors with the strongest associations with hip fracture were diabetes (risk ratio (RR) 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-8.93, p=0.001) and poor self-rated health (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.22-2.48, p=0.002). A history of previous fracture (RR 4.76, 95%CI 2.74-8.26, p=0.0001) was also a significant risk factor. In men, diabetes had the strongest association with hip fracture (RR 6.13, 95%CI 3.19-11.8, p=0.001). Smoking (RR 2.20, 95%CI 1.54-3.15, p=0.001), high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.50-2.26, p=0.001), poor self-rated health (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06-2.10, p=0.02) and reported sleep disturbances (RR 1.52, 95%CI 1.03-2.27, p=0.04) were other significant risk factors. The strongest risk factor for hip fracture for both women and men in middle age was diabetes. Many risk factors were similar for men and women, although the risk ratio differed. The risk factor pattern for cervical versus trochanteric fractures differed in both men and women. The findings indicate that those suffering a hip fracture before the age of 75 have a shorter life expectancy, suggesting that hip fractures affect the less healthy segment of the population.
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| 49. |
- Hultman, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Hållbara hem i växande städer
- 2004
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In: Miljö och hållbar utveckling. - 9144031432 ; , s. 337-360
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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