| 1. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 2. |
- Schmidt, Amand F., et al.
(author)
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Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9
- 2019
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In: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. Methods: Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration. Results: The PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer's disease - outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable. Conclusions: Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ny, Lars, 1967, et al.
(author)
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The PEMDAC phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and entinostat in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma
- 2021
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors report the results of the phase II PEMDAC clinical study testing the combination of the HDAC inhibitor entinostat with the anti- PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in uveal melanoma. Low tumor burden, a wildtype BAP1 gene in the tumor or iris melanoma correlates with response and longer survival. Preclinical studies have suggested that epigenetic therapy could enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells. We report the results of the PEMDAC phase 2 clinical trial (n = 29; NCT02697630) where the HDAC inhibitor entinostat was combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and was met with an ORR of 14%. The clinical benefit rate at 18 weeks was 28%, median progression free survival was 2.1 months and the median overall survival was 13.4 months. Toxicities were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Objective responses and/or prolonged survival were seen in patients with BAP1 wildtype tumors, and in one patient with an iris melanoma that exhibited a UV signature. Longer survival also correlated with low baseline ctDNA levels or LDH. In conclusion, HDAC inhibition and anti-PD1 immunotherapy results in durable responses in a subset of patients with metastatic UM.
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| 5. |
- Schoultz, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Tissue specificity of oncogenic BRAF targeted to lung and thyroid through a shared lineage factor
- 2023
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In: ISCIENCE. - 2589-0042. ; 26:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cells of origin in cancer determine tumor phenotypes, but whether lineage-defining transcription factors might influence tissue specificity of tumorigenesis among organs with similar developmental traits are unknown. We demonstrate here that tumor development and progression markedly differ in lung and thyroid targeted by Braf mutation in Nkx2.1CreER(T2) mice heterozygous for Nkx2-1. In absence of tamoxifen, non-induced Nkx2.1CreER(T2);Braf(CA/+) mutants developed multiple full-blown lung adenocarcinomas with a latency of 1-3 months whereas thyroid tumors were rare and constrained, although minute Braf(CA) activation documented by variant allele sequencing was similar in both tissues. Induced oncogene activation accelerated neoplastic growth only in the lungs. By contrast, NKX2-1(+) progenitor cells were equally responsive to constitutive expression of mutant Braf during lung and thyroid development. Both lung and thyroid cells transiently downregulated NKX2-1 in early tumor stages. These results indicate that BRAF(V600E)-induced tumorigenesis obey organ-specific traits that might be differentially modified by a shared lineage factor.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Billett, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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Alternatives To Supervised Placements : Work Integrated Education In Action: editorial board
- 2023
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When work integrated education (WIE) is discussed, the archetypal examples of supervised placements for medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and teacher education students are usually referenced. They comprise students engaging in authentic work activities and interactions, closely supervised by qualified and more experienced practitioners. Ideally, those supervisors identify and select students’ work activities and support and guide their engagement and learning. These arrangements often arise from long-standing occupational traditions of care and responsibility towards patients and students and have legislated arrangements demanding such supervision.However, for many occupations such traditions do not exist and, where they exist, placements are less structured. Moreover, the ability to provide placements are restricted by the size of the enterprise, the work undertaken and/or the number of students seeking these experiences. One deputy vice chancellor quipped “how can I provide supervised placements for 1500 undergraduate business students each semester?”. A good question.So, in seeking to provide WIE experiences across all occupational fields, it is not possible for many of the courses in which our students are enrolled. The educational challenge is, therefore, to identify how these students can come to experience, engage, and develop occupational understandings, procedures and dispositions (i.e., to think and act like practitioners). Hence, we need to find alternatives to provide these experiences. In the response to the quip above, it was suggested, for instance, that most undergraduate students engage in paid part-time work that provide experiences to assist understand many aspects of business practices. That is, processes of recruitment, supervision, customer interaction, stock provisions and organisation, financial processes and supervision. Engaging students in sharing, comparing and critiquing these work experiences, can secure insights from peers’ experiences and provide access to students who do not work part-time.Such alternatives might include students being workplace visitors able to observe and engage in some tasks, or interviewing practitioners to understand what constitutes their work, and is central to its enactment. Law students might attend court proceedings to understand those processes, finance students engaging in auditing of not-for-profit organisations’ accounts, or projects required the kinds of thinking and acting of practitioners. This kind of approach has been long rehearsed within faculties of engineering, creative arts etc. So, we can identify and use these kinds of experiences. But what if the students are dispersed around the world? The web based “Webmaster” program at University West faced this problem. Moreover, these students are in different stages of life, often having to balance work, family and study commitments. We have found that providing these students with glimpses of work practices offers an alternative to workplace visits.Moreover, the field of “web” is marked by openness and sharing, and videos on, for example, YouTube providing insights into workplace activities are abundant. A search for “A day in the life of an UX designer”, for instance, generates hundreds of video suggestions and in courses relating to that topic, students are provided with a list to view and then engage in discussions about them. Through using these kinds of materials, students gain insights into different work practices. Other alternatives have included engaging business representatives as guest lecturers, but with our students located across time zones this can be an option that is time-restricted. A “flipped” guest lecture or workshop is provided to campus-based students, and “re-enacted” by students in the Webmaster program, supervised by teachers.Moreover, as occupational practices are increasingly mediated by and through electronic technology, the need to engage in the physical and social environment of workplaces becomes less important. Alternatives not requiring physical presence in work sites can ease the demand on employers. The key consideration is, instead, for students to gaining access to and engage in the kinds of thinking and acting required for electronically-mediated work activities and interactions. In such contexts, supervised placements are not feasible and less applicable as an effective WIE approach, because future work environments are not necessarily place-based.The challenge we face includes preparing students for diverse work contexts. Remote work, nomadic work practices and gig-based work are becoming common, and these may or may not represent possible future work contexts for our students. We also aim to explore different forms of “one-to-many” engagements (Dean & Campbell, 2020), where, for example, enterprises can provide video-challenges, i.e., examples of problems they are currently facing, and engage groups of students in seeking to respond to these problems, while being supervised by teachers.Such short bursts of intense and focused WIE would benefit both our students and partner enterprises and serve to strengthen student employability.
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| 8. |
- Choudhury, Maidul I., et al.
(author)
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Enhancing nitrogen removal through macrophyte harvest and installation of woodchips-based floating beds in surface-flow constructed wetlands
- 2024
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In: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wetland management maintains nitrogen (N) removal capacity in mature and overgrown constructed wetlands (CWs). We evaluated whether CW management by macrophyte harvesting, and subsequent installation of woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) planted with Glyceria maxima and Filipendula ulmaria improved N removal. In sixteen heavily overgrown experimental CWs, we applied four treatments: i) only macrophyte harvesting, ii) 5% of the harvested-CW surface covered with WFBs, iii) 20% WFBs cover, and iv) a control treatment (heavily overgrown). N removal was determined in all wetlands at nine occasions. Plant biomass accrual, N assimilation, and denitrification genes nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII on plant roots and woodchips from WFBs were estimated. Macrophyte harvesting improved N removal of heavily overgrown CWs, whereas subsequent WFB installation only sometimes improved N removal. Mean N removal efficiencies (± standard deviation) overall were 41 ± 15 %, 45 ± 20 %, 46 ± 16 % and 27 ± 8.3 % for treatments i to iv, respectively. Relative biomass production, root length and root surface area for G. maxima (mean ± standard deviation: 234 ± 114 %, 40 ± 6.5 cm, 6308 ± 1059 cm2g-1, respectively) were higher than those for F. ulmaria (63 ± 86 %, 28 ± 12 cm, 3131 ± 535 cm2g-1, respectively) whereas biomass N assimilation was higher for F. ulmaria (1.8 ± 0.9 gNm−2 of WFB) than for G. maxima (1.3 ± 0.5 gNm−2 of WFB). Denitrification gene abundance was higher on plant roots than on woodchips while G. maxima hosted higher root denitrification gene abundance than F. ulmaria. We conclude that macrophyte harvesting improves N removal in heavily overgrown CWs. WFBs installation has the potential to support plant growth and denitrification in surface-flow constructed wetlands. Further studies need to evaluate the long-term effects of macrophyte harvesting and WFB installation on N removal in CWs. © 2024 The Authors
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
- 2024
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In: Nature Cardiovascular Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2731-0590.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Jobe, William, et al.
(author)
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Designing the CloudBoard: an innovative tool for collaborative e-learning environments using HTML5
- 2011
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In: 24th ICDE World Conference on Open and Distance Learning. - Turku : Turku Centre for Computer Science. ; , s. 327-338
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper aims to summarize the concepts of e-learning, LMS/VLE and cloud-based computing and present how the use of these technologies trends towards collaboration and interactive multimedia. Another purpose is to define and explain this trend in e-learning environments and technologies by presenting research grounded in constructivist learning theory. Subsequently, this paper summarizes the current situation of online whiteboard tools and the new HTML5 standard and key attributes. Next, this paper outlines how an open HTML5 solution for a collaborative, cloud-based, online whiteboard can improve accessibility, performance, collaboration, and security plus offer enhanced multimedia opportunities. Finally, this paper concludes with a presentation of an early prototype of an open, cloud-based online whiteboard, an e-learning cloudboard, which utilizes the advancements found in HTML5 and modern JavaScript libraries such as JQuery.
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| 12. |
- Jobe, William, et al.
(author)
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Improving the creation, curation and discovery of open educational resources for work integrated and lifelong learning
- 2018
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper concerns open education (OER) resources, and more specifically the process of publishing OER material to make it easier to find on the web. The overarching goals are to improve the creation and discovery of OER material for workplace learning as well as strive towards UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goal 4, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. As we see it, there are two key challenges. The first challenge regards the content creation and curation side; i.e. the process of making OER material available to the general public, how to maintain the resource and how to get feedback on it. The second challenge regards discovery i.e. for OER consumers to easily find OER material and discern its usefulness in their specific learning context. We are in the process of developing a web based system that aids content creators in publishing and maintaining their OER material. The system helps the content creator by generating semantic metadata about the resource based on the Dublin Core system and creates a package of the material itself along with said metadata in a search engine optimized HTML5 file, ready for publishing on a web server or a video streaming site like YouTube, or other media sharing sites. This approach primarily utilizes common search engines to find the material, thus making the OER material decentralized and not necessarily specific to a specific OER repository. The metadata created by the system does, however, enable developers to create systems specialized in collecting and aggregating OER material, further enhancing the capability of the decentralized ecosystem of OER resources to be used by learning management systems. The key contribution is a suggestion as to how to automatically generate and use an OERID so that all resources can be discovered, curated, and reused.
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| 13. |
- Larson, Ulf, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Decision Support for Intrusion Detection Data Collection
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Workshop on Secure IT-systems (NordSec 2008), October 9-10, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. - Copenhagen, Denmark.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data collection is a critical but difficult activity forintrusion detection. The amount of resources that must be monitored and the rate at which events are generated makes it impossible to use an exhaustive collection strategy. Furthermore, selection and configuration of data collection mechanisms is a tedious and elaborate task for both designers and operators. Therefore, we propose a decision support system (DSS) for selecting and configuring datacollection mechanisms. We suggest a generic system model for selecting data collection mechanisms based on the amount of excess data produced. We also provide an implementation of the system. The DSS reduces effort, time, and expertise required in the selection process, and allows both designers and operators to focus on intrusion detection rather than selection and configuration of data collection mechanisms.
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| 14. |
- Larson, Ulf, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Operator-Centric and Adaptive Intrusion Detection
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (IAS 2008), September 8-10, 2008, Naples, Italy. - Naples, Italy : IEEE. - 9780769533247 ; , s. 161-166
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An intrusion detection system should support the operator of the system. Thus, in addition to producing alerts, it should allow for easy insertion of new detection algorithms. It should also support dynamic selection and de-selection of detection algorithms, and it should adjust its resource consumption to the current need. Such a system would allow the operator to easily extend the system when new detection algorithms become available. It would also allow the operator to maintain a low-cost monitoring baseline and perform more extensive monitoring when it is required. In this paper we propose an architecture for intrusion detection which aims at providing the operator with this support. The architecture uses a modular design to promote a high degree of flexibility. This supports creation of an environment in which state-of-the-art intrusion detection algorithms easily can be inserted. The modular design also allows for detection algorithms to be enabled and disabled when required. Additionally, the architecture uses a sensor reconfiguration mechanism to affect the amount of data collected. When a detection algorithm is enabled or disabled, the sensor providing the input data to the algorithm is correspondingly reconfigured. This implies a minimum of excess collected data. To illustrate the feasibility of the architecture, we provide a proof - of-concept supporting monitoring of users for insider detection and webserver monitoring for intrusion attempts
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| 15. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Using System Call Information to Reveal Hidden Attack Manifestations
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Security and Communication Networks, IWSCN 2009. - Piscataway, NJ, USA : IEEE. - 9788299710510
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate how system call-based intrusion detectors can be made more resistant against mimicry attacks. We show that by including extra information such as system call arguments, return values, and identity of the user responsible for the calls, the attackers options of constructing successful attacks are significantly reduced, in particular with respect to the use of no-op system calls. For our investigation, we add extra information to two system call-based detection algorithms one distance-based and one sequence-based that normally operate on system call names only. We then create two mimicry attacks which avoid detection by the original detectors but are revealed when the extra information is used. Our investigation shows that by providing the extra information to the detector the attackers options of constructing successful and undetected attacks decreases drastically
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| 16. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, Professor, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Pulp Particle Classification Based on Optical Fiber Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques
- 2024
-
In: Fibers. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6439. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the pulp and paper industry, pulp testing is typically a labor-intensive process performed on hand-made laboratory sheets. Online quality control by automated image analysis and machine learning (ML) could provide a consistent, fast and cost-efficient alternative. In this study, four different supervised ML techniques—Lasso regression, support vector machine (SVM), feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), and recurrent neural networks (RNN)—were applied to fiber data obtained from fiber suspension micrographs analyzed by two separate image analysis software. With the built-in software of a commercial fiber analyzer optimized for speed, the maximum accuracy of 81% was achieved using the FFNN algorithm with Yeo–Johnson preprocessing. With an in-house algorithm adapted for ML by an extended set of particle attributes, a maximum accuracy of 96% was achieved with Lasso regression. A parameter capturing the average intensity of the particle in the micrograph, only available from the latter software, has a particularly strong predictive capability. The high accuracy and sensitivity of the ML results indicate that such a strategy could be very useful for quality control of fiber dispersions.
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| 17. |
- Movérare, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Estren is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with transcriptional activity.
- 2003
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In: Molecular pharmacology. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0026-895X .- 1521-0111. ; 64:6, s. 1428-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It was recently reported that the synthetic compound estren increases bone mass without affecting reproductive organs or classic transcription. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the in vivo and in vitro effects of estren. We demonstrate that estren is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with a strong effect on thymus, a moderate effect on uterus and trabecular bone, but no major effect on fat or cortical bone in 11-month-old ovariectomized mice. The effect of estren on trabecular bone and uterus is mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs) because no effect is seen in ER double-inactivated mice. Furthermore, with the use of ERalpha- and ERbeta-expressing reporter cell lines, we demonstrate that estren displays an agonistic effect on transcriptional activity of an estrogen-responsive element-driven reporter gene with a degree of agonism similar to that of 17beta-estradiol for both ERalpha and ERbeta. Thus, estren has the capacity to exert genomic effects via both ERalpha and ERbeta. We conclude, in contrast to what was previously reported by others, that estren is a SERM with transcriptional activity.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Survival of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli water isolates in lake and well water
- 2018
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In: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 126:9, s. 762-770
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of water for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli to humans might be underestimated, as factors important for bacterial viability in water are largely unknown. We have studied water survival of seven C. jejuni and eight C. coli isolates originally isolated from Swedish waters, together with selected reference strains, over eight days at 4 °C in the dark in untreated water collected from a local lake and a private well. To study seasonality, lake water samples were collected during spring and autumn. Samples for culturable bacterial counts were taken on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 and compared to the start inoculum. For C. jejuni, a significantly better survival was observed in autumn than in spring lake water. Furthermore, C. jejuni had a significantly better survival than C. coli in autumn lake and well water samples; the rate of culturability loss was almost double for C. coli in autumn lake water. These findings contribute to a better understanding on the seasonality of waterborne Campylobacter infections and the general predominance of C. jejuni.
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| 19. |
- Nilsson, Josefin E., 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Mature wetland ecosystems remove nitrogen equally well regardless of initial planting
- 2020
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 716
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Restored and constructed semi-natural wetlands are increasingly used in the agricultural landscape to intercept nutrients from surface waters. Vegetated surface-flow wetlands remove more nitrogen (N) than those without vegetation. However, changes in N removal over time as differently vegetated wetlands progress from early successional stages to mature systems are less investigated. We monitored three different types of initial planting over the course of 12 years, with the aim to examine how planting of newly constructed wetlands affects long-term N removal. All our data were collected in an experimental wetland facility in south-western Sweden. The facility consists of 18 identical small (ca. 25 m2) surface-flow wetlands, simulating semi-natural wetlands in an agricultural landscape. Initially, the 18 wetlands were randomly divided into three treatments (vegetation types) with six replicates each and planted with (1) emergent vegetation, (2) submerged vegetation and (3) no vegetation for free development. Vegetation succession afterwards progressed uninhibited in all wetlands. Emergent vegetation wetlands initially removed more N than both submerged vegetation and free development wetlands. We found that N removal in submerged vegetation and free development wetlands increased with ecosystem age, whereas N removal in emergent vegetation wetlands did not. N removal in all three vegetation types converged when the wetlands reached a more mature state, around 8 years after wetland construction. However, although all wetlands contained emergent vegetation in year 8, the proportion of emergent vegetation cover and vegetation composition still differed substantially between wetland types. Our study indicates that it is not the cover of emergent vegetation per se which promotes higher N removal in more mature wetlands, but the maturation process itself; mature wetlands despite differing emergent vegetation coverage achieved equally high N removal. In conclusion, once wetlands reach maturity, beneficial effects of initial planting on N removal disappear. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Josefin E., 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Näringsavskiljning i anlagda våtmarker i Kalmar län
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den här studien beräknades kväve- och fosforavskiljningen utifrån automatiserad flödesproportionell provtagning i fem anlagda våtmarker i Kalmar län under tre års tid samt i ett anlagt fosfordike i länet under två år (fortsättningsvis benämns alla sex studieobjekt som våtmarker). Syftet med studien var att utvärdera funktionen av våtmarker i Kalmar län för avskiljning av kväve och fosfor. I rapporten presenteras även nya beräkningsmetoder som tagits fram för att hantera de osäkerheter som oundvikligen följer av denna typ av situ-studier. Denna rapport bör kunna bidra till förbättrade mätmetoder och analyser i framtida våtmarksstudier.De våtmarker som ingår i studien är lokaliserade i fem olika kommuner i Kalmar län. Våtmarkerna som studerats är Hanåsa (Högsby kommun), Resmo (Mörbylånga kommun), Påboda (Torsås kommun), Grisbäck (Torsås kommun), Hossmo (Kalmar kommun) och Häckenstad (Västerviks kommun). Urvalet av våtmarker är gjort av Länsstyrelsen med målsättningen att få ett representativt urval av våtmarker i Kalmar län. Våtmarkerna i studien skiljer sig därför från varandra både i utformning och i vilken omgivning de är anlagda. De flesta av våtmarkerna är cirka en halv hektar stora, men den största våtmarkens area är 2,5 hektar och den minsta har en area på endast 220 kvadratmeter. Några av våtmarkerna har mycket hög andel åkermark i tillrinningsområdet, medan andra våtmarker främst har skog i sitt tillrinningsområde.Flödesproportionell provtagning har kontinuerligt genomförts vid in- och utlopp i fem våtmarker från november 2016 till och med december 2019, och i en våtmark från maj 2018 till och med december 2019. I tre av våtmarkerna mättes flöde både vid inlopp och utlopp, och i tre av våtmarkerna mättes flöde endast vid utlopp. Flödesmätning gjordes en gång per minut, och varje vecka hämtades vattenprover från våtmarkerna för att analyseras för bland annat innehåll av näringsämnen. Den data som samlats in har sedan bearbetats, beräknats och korrigerats för att kunna användas i bedömningen av våtmarkernas näringsavskiljning.Flödena i våtmarkerna följde vanligen tydliga säsongsmönster där sommarflöden var låga och flödestoppar skedde under höst, vinter och vår. Resmo, på Öland, hade längre torrperioder än övriga våtmarker i studien. Näringskoncentrationerna vid de olika våtmarkernas inlopp var i genomsnitt under studien mellan 1,7 och 9,9 mg kväve per liter och mellan 64 och 157 µg fosfor per liter. Kvävet var huvudsakligen i form av nitratkväve, och fosforn var i huvudsak partikelbunden fosfor. Både kväve- och fosforavskiljning i våtmarkerna ökade med ökad belastning. Den genomsnittliga årliga kväve- och fosforavskiljningen per hektar vattenyta skiljde sig stort mellan våtmarkerna. Den varierade från negativ avskiljning i den största våtmarken till över 1 000 kg per hektar vattenyta och år för både kväve och fosfor i den minsta våtmarken (tabell 1). Angivet i procent avskildes i genomsnitt upp till 14 % av den årliga kvävebelastningen och upp till 70 % av den årliga fosforbelastningen. Jämfört med tidigare modellerad kväve- och fosforavskiljning för våtmarker i Kalmar län och andra delar av Sverige var avskiljningen i våtmarkerna i denna studie generellt högre.Tabell 1. Genomsnittlig kväve- och fosforavskiljning angivet per hektar vattenyta och år och i procent av den årliga belastningen i de sex våtmarkerna i studien. På grund av mätosäkerheter anges avskiljningen i vissa av våtmarkerna som ett intervall. Kväveavskiljning FosforavskiljningVåtmark kg ha-1 år-1 % kg ha-1 år-1 %Hanåsa -351 -37 -49 -91Resmo 407 3,8 19 31Påboda 845 – 1 013 12 – 14 20 – 28 22 – 29Grisbäck 523 – 899 7,2 – 12 113 – 153 45 – 54Hossmo 346 – 965 2,7 – 7,3 -1,1 – 14 -4,4 – 13Häckenstad 1 471 4,3 1 688 70Resultaten i denna studie visar att våtmarker i Kalmar län kan uppnå hög näringsavskiljning, men att skillnaderna mellan olika våtmarker är stora. Resultaten visar också att hög kväve- och fosforavskiljning kan uppnås i våtmarker med relativt låg andel åkermark i tillrinningsområdet, och att mycket hög fosforavskiljning kan uppnås i små våtmarker även utan en djuphåla. Projektet bidrar till en bättre bild av vilken avskiljning av kväve och fosfor som kan uppnås i anlagda våtmarker i södra Sverige. Resultat från projektet kan tillsammans med tidigare mätningar utgöra en grund för säkrare modellberäkningar av kväve- och fosforavskiljning, vilka kan användas för att på ett enklare sätt undersöka avskiljningen i ett större antal våtmarker eller för att prediktera vad som kan uppnås i planerade våtmarksprogram.
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Josefin E., 1994-, et al.
(author)
-
Wetlands in a future climate : How will drier summers affect wetland nitrogen removal?
- 2022
-
In: Abstract Book. ; , s. 138-139
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Wetland nitrogen (N) removal is temperature dependent and therefore generally highest during summer in the northern temperate zone. However, climate change scenarios predict more frequent summer droughts in these regions, resulting in lowered N transports during summer to wetlands created for interception of agricultural runoff. This may adversely affect annual wetland N removal, thus reducing the mitigative effects wetlands have on eutrophication. In this study, continuous flow-proportional sampling was performed in six agricultural wetlands located on the east coast, and three on the west coast, of southern Sweden. These two regions represent different climate conditions, where precipitation is lower and summer temperatures are higher on the east coast. Our results showed a pronounced no-flow period during summer in east coast wetlands, but not in west coast wetlands. No-flow periods only decreased N load and removal rate during summer but had no effect on annual N removal. Annual N removal was instead best explained by multiple regression with annual N load and hydraulic efficiency as predictors. This indicates that low wetland N removal during drier summers may be compensated by higher N removal during other seasons. A possible explanation is that annual N removal through denitrification is determined by the amount of organic carbon provided by wetland vegetation, and that organic carbon not utilized during summer, due to lack of nitrate and oxygen under no-flow conditions, will be available for denitrification during other seasons. In conclusion, climate change might not have the anticipated decreasing effect on wetland N removal.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Josefin E., 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Will planting of surface-flow wetlands improve nitrogen removal in the long run?
- 2019
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In: Book of Abstracts. - Aarhus : Aarhus Universitetsforlag. - 9788797148600 - 9788797148617 ; , s. 340-340
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Initial planting of created wetlands is common practice in order to, for instance, improve nitrogen (N) removal. It has been shown that vegetated surface-flow wetlands remove more N than non-vegetated surface-flow wetlands. However, changes in N removal as differently vegetated wetlands progress from an early successional stage to a mature system are less investigated.In our study, we followed three different wetland types of initial planting over the course of 12 years, with the aim to examine how planting of newly created wetlands affects long-term N removal. All our data were collected in the experimental wetland facility near Halmstad in south-western Sweden. The facility consist of 18 small (ca. 25 m2) surface-flow wetlands, equal in age, shape and size. At the time of creation, the 18 wetlands were randomly divided into three types. One type was then planted with emergent vegetation, one was planted with submerged vegetation and the last type was left unplanted for free development. Succession of vegetation was thereafter allowed to progress uninhibited in all wetlands.Our results confirmed that emergent vegetation wetlands initially removed more N than submerged vegetation and free development wetlands. In addition, our results showed that N removal in submerged vegetation and free development wetlands increased with ecosystem age, whereas N removal in emergent vegetation wetlands did not. N removal in all three wetland vegetation types converged when the wetlands reached a more mature state, around year 9 after wetland creation. However, although all wetlands contained emergent vegetation in year 9, proportion cover of emergent vegetation and vegetation composition still differed substantially between wetland types.We therefore conclude planting of created surface-flow wetlands with emergent vegetation will have a positive effect on N removal, but only during an early successional stage. Our study indicates it is not the emergent vegetation per se which results in higher N removal in more mature wetlands, but the maturation process in itself, since mature wetlands with different emergent vegetation cover achieved similar N removal. Initial planting will not result in higher N removal once the system has reached maturity.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Josefin, et al.
(author)
-
Wetland nitrogen removal from agricultural runoff in a changing climate
- 2023
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : ELSEVIER. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 892
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wetlands in agricultural areas mitigate eutrophication by intercepting nutrient transports from land to sea. The role of wetlands for nutrient removal may become even more important in the future because of the expected increase in agricultural runoff due to climate change. Because denitrification is temperature dependent, wetland nitrogen (N) removal usually peaks during the warm summer. However, climate change scenarios for the northern temperate zone predict decreased summer and increased winter flows. Future wetlands may therefore shift towards lower hydraulic loading rate and N load during summer. We hypothesised that low summer N loads would decrease annual wetland N removal and tested this by examining 1.5-3 years of continuous N removal data from created agricultural wetlands in two regions in southern Sweden (East and West) during different periods. West wetlands showed relatively stable hydraulic loads throughout the year, whereas East wetlands had pronounced no-flow periods during summer. We compared East and West wetlands and tested the effects of several variables (e.g., N concentration, N load, hydraulic load, depth, vegetation cover, hydraulic shape) on annual absolute and relative N removal. We found no difference in annual N removal between East and West wetlands, even though summer N loads were lower in East than in West wetlands. A possible explanation is that stagnant water conditions in East wetlands suppressed decomposition of organic matter during summer, making more organic matter available for denitrification during winter. Absolute N removal in all wetlands was best explained by N load and hydraulic shape, whereas relative N removal was best explained by emergent vegetation cover and hydraulic shape. This study highlights the importance of design and location of agricultural wetlands for high N removal, and we conclude that wetlands in a future climate may remove N from agricultural runoff as efficiently as today.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Ragnhild, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Den samiska väljarkåren i val till Riksdagen : Deltagande och partival
- 2022
-
In: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - 0039-0747. ; 124:3, s. 591-621
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Sámi electorate in elections to the Swedish Riksdag: participation and party choiceThe Sámi electorate in Sweden votes to the same extent as the general population in elections to the Riksdag, something that differs considerably from other parts of the world where turnout in elections to national parliaments usually is significantly lower among people who identify themselves as belonging to an Indigenous People in com-parison with the majority population. How the Sámi in Sweden vote in parliamentary elections is, however, an unexplored field of research so far. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to analyse how the Sámi electorate votes in elections to the Riksdag, and second, to explain the voters’ choice of party on an individual level. The study shows that the Social Democrats and the Left Party would have had a parliamentary majority in all elections since the 2010 parliamentary elections, if the Sámi electorate had the decision-making power. In comparison with the election results for the entire Swedish population in the elections 2018, the Social Democrats and the Left Party were about ten percent larger within the Sámi electorate, while the Conservative Party and the Sweden Democrats were around ten percent smaller. The analysis also indicates that the voters’ opinions on specific political issues are decisive for how the Sámi electorate votes in the Riksdag elections: the Sámi electorate votes to a large extent on the Left Party and the Green Party, two small parties in the Riksdag clearly stating that they work for a strength-ening of Sámi rights, simultaneously as the two parties that most clearly has opposed Sámi rights, the Conservative Party and the Sweden Democrats, have a considerably weaker support among the Sámi in comparison to the majority population in general.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Awareness information and user behavior : A field experiment of an online collective system
- 2005
-
In: WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications. - 1790-0832 .- 2224-3402. ; 2:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper sets out to investigate the effects synchronous non-verbal awareness information has on users of a collaborative system. The experiment was setup in on online picture exhibition where users were given a minimalistic indication of any co-present users present. Logs from the website were analyzed and revealed that users who were in the online gallery and were exposed to the notion that there were other visitors there at the same time spent a statistically significant longer time in the gallery as opposed to visitors who were given the information that they were all alone in the gallery. We also noted that although time in the gallery differed between the two groups, we cannot say anything conclusive as to whether use-patterns differed or not.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-
(author)
-
Design Patterns for Visualization of User Activities in a Synchronous Shared Workspace
- 2015
-
In: International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning. - 1867-5565. ; 8:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scholars in fields such as Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) have extensively covered the general theme of distributed collaboration in the past few decades. Recent advances in web technologies have pushed forward the boundaries of what is possible to create on the web, aiding the development of various types of collaborative software. Standing on the shoulders of previous research, and in the light of the new web technologies, we here outline the development of what we label a "synchronous shared workspace". The purpose of the system is to serve as a web-based collaboration tool for small groups of geographically and/or temporally dispersed persons within a learning context. Designing this type of system presents interesting challenges on how to graphically visualize the presence of others and their activities, i.e. awareness information. Further, the system provides other types of functionalities such as visualizing previous activities and real-time manipulation of media objects that provides challenges for designers. Utilizing a "design pattern" approach, this paper explores visualization patterns for collaboration in shared workspaces in order to support mutual awareness and coordination activities. Five design patterns were implemented in the system and evaluated by a small group of online learners. The results support the notion that visualization of awareness information is a complex issue and that the work to provide effortless coordination of collaboration is a research interest that needs more attention.
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975
(author)
-
Designing for technology-mediated collaboration
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis concerns the design of a synchronous shared workspace supporting technology-mediated collaboration. In order to collaborate, participants need to be able to coordinate the activity. And to coordinate an activity, they need be aware of others involved in the collaboration. However, what do we need to be aware of concerning the others? And how do we visualize that? Further, how well does contemporary technology support what we need to visualize? And finally, how do we evaluate this type of system, and how do we communicate the results? Two systems were developed having different support for coordination of activities. The first system was used to gain insight into the impact of minimalist awareness information on a web page, while the second system, a web-based collaboration software was developed based on design guidelines emerging from the first system. Two observation studies and focus group sessions, as well as a literature study, supplemented the set of design guidelines into a first set of design requirements for the collaborative system. Inspired by a design science research approach, the system was developed in a cyclical fashion, alternating between development steps and various forms of evaluation. The thesis contributes by supplying a set of design patterns made to support coordination in a shared workspace based on a theoretical construct I call “self-awareness”, where users are not only seeing the activity of others, but also their own activity as seen by the others.
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| 29. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Designing the CloudBoard : an ICT Tool for Online Tutoring in Higher Education
- 2011
-
In: Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011. - Chesapeake, VA : AACE. ; , s. 589-592
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper concerns online tutoring in higher education. Observation studies of online tutoring sessions in two masters level engineering courses were conducted where teachers on campus tutored students located at different manufacturing plants doing their masters project. The tutoring regarded problems surrounding the construction of advanced 3D-models for manufacturing and required the shared view of the 3D-models as well as synchronous voice communication, e-mail and image sharing using a flora of different services. While advanced screen sharing applications like WebEX and TeamViewer were central in the tutoring sessions, the research presented here focus on the tools that supplemented the use of the screen sharing applications. Addressing issues such as the need to record historical data to be able for teachers to follow the progression of the project, sharing media files between participants and discussing the results, we here present a system to support online tutoring in higher education.
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| 30. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring Awareness
- 2000
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 31. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-
(author)
-
Exploring Design Patterns of Shared Interfaces for Web Collaboration
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on E-Learning in the Workplace. - 9780982767054
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Scholars in fields such as Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) have extensively covered the general theme of distributed collaboration in the past few decades. Recent advances in web technologies havepushed forward the boundaries of what is possible to create on the web, aiding the development of various types of collaborative software. Standing on the shoulders of previous research, and in the light of the new web technologies, we here outline the development of what we label a "synchronous shared workspace". The purpose of the system is to serve as a web-based collaboration tool for small groups of geographically and/or temporally dispersed persons within a learning context. Designing this type ofsystem presents interesting challenges on how to graphically visualize the presence of others and their activities, i.e. awareness information. Further, the system provides other types of functionalities such as visualizing previous activities and real-time manipulation of media objects that provideschallenges for designers. Utilizing a "design pattern" approach, this paper explores visualization patterns for collaboration in shared workspaces in order to supportmutual awareness and coordination activities. Five design patterns were implemented in the system and evaluated by a small group of online learners. The results support the notion that visualization of awareness information is acomplex issue and that the work to provide effortless coordination of collaboration is a field that needs more attention.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-
(author)
-
Exploring the relationship between awareness information and user activities online
- 2010
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis contributes to the domain of awareness information. Awareness information can be viewed as a fundamental building-block of social media, visualizing people and their activities in an online setting. With life becoming more and more influenced by social media such as Facebook, Flickr, Twitter, Linkedin and Digg, it becomes important for designers of social media to have an understanding of how users respond to awareness information. An online gallery of pictures was developed and equipped with a chat and a basic awareness information system. Usage data was collected by the system and analyzed combining qualitative as well as quantitative approaches aiming to explore the influence awareness information have on the usage of the system. The analysis reveals that awareness information is a powerful tool triggering social behaviour. It is, at the same time, challenging to implement in a way that it provides a sound environment for social interaction. This was manifested by co-present users both stayed longer in the system and also was inclined to take a different path through the gallery than the solitary user. However, the interaction that took place in the gallery was characterized by frequent conversational break-downs and irritation among users. Results indicate that this is, in part, due to the lack of built-in social norms guiding users in their activities in the system. Subsequently, it is important to facilitate the creation, recreation and reinforcement of social norms when designing social systems.
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| 33. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Presenting the Kludd : A Shared Workspace for Collaboration
- 2015
-
In: GROUP '14 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450330435 ; , s. 295-298
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this poster, we would like to present the current state of the Kludd system. Kludd is a web-based collaboration tool, enabling users to collaborate around various media objects like images, videos, texts and audio in a shared workspace. The design metaphor is an online whiteboard, where multiple actors can add, manipulate and remove objects, all while everyone sees the same view. The system is made with standard components like HTML5, CSS3 and a number of open-source javascript libraries enabling real-time collaboration in a browser. Utilizing a Design Science Research methodology, the initial design was based on 9 design requirements. In this poster, a further four requirements are presented as a result of the analysis of the first phase, and an initial design of the second phase of the project is presented
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| 34. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Supporting nomadic work- and study practices in groupware design
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings on E-Learn. - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada : Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. - 9781939797315 ; , s. 822-826
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This brief paper concerns the design of real-time collaborative systems adhering to a nomadic work- and study practice. Nomadic practices can be characterized as having a heterogeneous workplace, working or studying from different locations during a day. This practice has been enabled by advances in technology and formed by human behavior. This means that we now must consider this type of work when designing collaboration software. This brief paper outlines some major issues concerning technology-mediated collaboration arising from nomadic work practices; different network conditions, data cost and device heterogeneity, and proposes tentative design ideas addressing these issues.
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| 35. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Supporting participation in online learning communities with awareness information
- 2012
-
In: International Journal of Web Based Communities. - 1477-8394 .- 1741-8216. ; 8:4, s. 537-549
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article sets out to investigate the relationship between awareness information and participation in an online learning community (OLC). Inspired by the sociocultural notion of learning as social participation, this article will analyse the events that took place in an online photo gallery equipped with a system for visualising co-present users. The article discusses the importance of why social systems should support the creation, recreation and reinforcement of social norms to better facilitate participation. The article concludes by presenting four design implications of educational technologies supporting participation as well as a section referencing the importance of a transactional perspective in order to understand the effects of awareness information.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
The challenges and opportunities incorporation work-integrated learning in online higher education
- 2023
-
In: EDULEARN23 Proceedings. - : iated Digital Library. - 9788409521517 ; , s. 4091-4096
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of applying a Work-integrated learning (WIL) perspective to distance learning programs in higher education. More specifically, it disseminates the Work-integrated education (WIE) elements incorporated in the 2-year program ”Webmaster” at University West, Sweden, with about 100 students each year.The program consists of two main themes, web programming and graphic- and user experience (UX) design, respectively. A majority of the students live in Sweden, but about 10 percent live abroad. With so many students dispersed around the world, more traditional placement-based WIE activities, such as internships, are challenging to accommodate. Other challenges are that the students are in different stages of life, often having to balance work, family, and study commitments (cf. Dean et al., 2020; Dean & Campbell, 2020). Another factor to consider when implementing WIE activities is that for these students, placement-based WIL is not necessarily preparing them for a future in the web industry. While more traditional work settings are common, more novel forms of work, such as work-from-home, nomadic work practices, and gig-based work, are increasingly common. Hence, a traditional placement-based WIE activity would not suffice to prepare students for work in the industry.So, given the heterogenic nature of the student group regarding their demographics, their purpose and ambitions, physical location and uncertain future work contexts, taking in a WIL perspective is challenging at the same time as it is presenting us with the opportunity to explore alternative non-placement forms of WIL.In this paper we explore the students’ attitudes towards and impressions of the implementation of three forms of non-placement WIL:i) ”WIL glimpses” features a series of curated (by the lecturer) resources already freely and readily available on the internet, in which people in the industry share glimpses from their workdays,ii) ”follow-along workshops” in which we have contracted experienced guest lecturers to conduct workshops with students on campus-based courses and filmed these sessions for use as follow-along workshops for the online students,iii) a series of ”Alumni interviews”, where former students are interviewed about their careers after graduating, the process of obtaining an income in the industry, their typical workday, and what competencies are sought after in the industry.The findings suggests that, despite none of these elements being mandatory in the various courses in the program, they are appreciated by the students as well as by the guest lecturers and alumni that take part. Thus, the elements contribute to the students’ readiness (Billet, n.d.).Taken together, the three elements of WIL provide not only opportunities to incorporate non-placement WIE activities in the program. They have also proved to be a re-usable educational resource, and as such highly valued by the lecturers involved in the program. Hence, we suggest that an innovative way to incorporate WIL in an online education is to offer a series of non-placement glimpses that represents the industry perspectives.
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| 38. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-
(author)
-
Utilizing emerging web standards designing a Synchronous Shared Workspace
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2015. - Chesapeake, VA : Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. ; , s. 1157-1161
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This brief paper is part of a larger project aimed at innovating mediated collaboration in higher education. In this paper, we will discuss technology needed to be able to develop a web based synchronous shared workspace. With the emerging HTML5 standard together with the JavaScript platform called "Node.js" utilizing WebSocket communication, it is possible to create able web based real-time systems. Preliminary testing reveals the setup very reliable, supporting collaborative processes even on bad wireless connections.
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Working as an Online Educator : Challenges when scaling up distance education
- 2013
-
In: Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2013. - Chesapeake, VA : Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). - 9781939797025 ; , s. 881-885
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years online and blended learning has scaled up from being a pilot endeavour driven by pioneers, to constituting a large portion of many institutions of higher education. In the process, the conditions for the online teacher has gradually changed, and the situation of today is in many ways problematic where student interaction and dialogue has to stand back in favour of time consuming content production, material delivery, and technical problem solving. This paper draws on the experiences from a Scandinavian University to illustrate how this transition can be understood in the light of rapid technological development in combination with slow evolution of pedagogical models for online education.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Robinson, Kathryn M., 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Variation in non-target traits in genetically modified hybrid aspens does not exceed natural variation
- 2021
-
In: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 64, s. 27-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetically modified hybrid aspens (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.), selected for increased growth under controlled conditions, have been grown in highly replicated field trials to evaluate how the target trait (growth) translated to natural conditions. Moreover, the variation was compared among genotypes of ecologically important non-target traits: number of shoots, bud set, pathogen infection, amount of insect herbivory, composition of the insect herbivore community and flower bud induction. This variation was compared with the variation in a population of randomly selected natural accessions of P. tremula grown in common garden trials, to estimate how the “unintended variation” present in transgenic trees, which in the future may be commercialized, compares with natural variation. The natural variation in the traits was found to be typically significantly greater. The data suggest that when authorities evaluate the potential risks associated with a field experiment or commercial introduction of transgenic trees, risk evaluation should focus on target traits and that unintentional variation in non-target traits is of less concern.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Rögnvaldsson, Thorsteinn, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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ARC13 – Assessment of Research and Coproduction : Reports from the assessment of all research at Halmstad University 2013
- 2014
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- During 2013, an evaluation of all the research conducted at Halmstad University was carried out. The purpose was to assess the quality of the research, coproduction, and collaboration in research, as well as the impact of the research. The evaluation was dubbed the Assessment of Research and Coproduction 2013, or ARC13. (Extract from Executive Summary)
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| 44. |
- Scheidl, Stefan Johannes, 1972, et al.
(author)
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mRNA expression profiling of laser microbeam microdissected cells from slender embryonic structures.
- 2002
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In: The American journal of pathology. - 0002-9440. ; 160:3, s. 801-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microarray hybridization has rapidly evolved as an important tool for genomic studies and studies of gene regulation at the transcriptome level. Expression profiles from homogenous samples such as yeast and mammalian cell cultures are currently extending our understanding of biology, whereas analyses of multicellular organisms are more difficult because of tissue complexity. The combination of laser microdissection, RNA amplification, and microarray hybridization has the potential to provide expression profiles from selected populations of cells in vivo. In this article, we present and evaluate an experimental procedure for global gene expression analysis of slender embryonic structures using laser microbeam microdissection and laser pressure catapulting. As a proof of principle, expression profiles from 1000 cells in the mouse embryonic (E9.5) dorsal aorta were generated and compared with profiles for captured mesenchymal cells located one cell diameter further away from the aortic lumen. A number of genes were overexpressed in the aorta, including 11 previously known markers for blood vessels. Among the blood vessel markers were endoglin, tie-2, PDGFB, and integrin-beta1, that are important regulators of blood vessel formation. This demonstrates that microarray analysis of laser microbeam micro-dissected cells is sufficiently sensitive for identifying genes with regulative functions.
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| 45. |
- Svensson, Lars, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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From Tutor to Producer : Changes in the design space of online education
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 33rd IRIS Seminar. 2010.. - Rebild, Denmark.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years online and blended learning has scaled up from being a pilot endeavour driven by pioneers, to constituting a large portion of many institutions of higher education. In the process, the conditions for the online teacher has gradually changed, and the situation of today is in many ways problematic where student interaction and dialogue has to stand back in favour of time consuming content production, material delivery, and technical problem solving. This paper draws on the experiences from a Scandinavian University to illustrate how this transition can be understood in the light of rapid technological development in combination with slow evolution of pedagogical models for online education.
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| 46. |
- Svensson, Lars, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Learning Models in Online Education : On the Transformation from Tutors to Producers
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of Global Learn Asia Pacific 2010. - : AACE. - 1880094797 ; , s. 3707-3712
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In recent years online and blended learning has scaled up from being a pilot endeavor driven by pioneers, to constituting a large portion of many institutions of higher education. In the process, the conditions for the online teacher has gradually changed, and the situation of today is in many ways problematic where student interaction and dialogue has to stand back in favor of time consuming content production, material delivery, and technical problem solving. This paper draws on the experiences from a Scandinavian University to illustrate how this transition can be understood in the light of rapid technological development in combination with slow evolution of pedagogical models for online education.
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| 47. |
- Svensson, Lars, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Re-thinking the LMS : Designing for Engaged Collaboration
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2014. - Chesapeake, VA : AACE. - 9781939797070 ; , s. 1702-1707
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While there has been extensive research done on technology supporting communication and interaction in online higher education, this research focus on the potential of new web development tools for designing educational technologies. With the recent advent and maturity of the HTML5-standard together with CSS3 and advanced javascript libraries such as jQuery andNode.js developers now have access to tools enabling them to create dynamic, web-based systemssupporting rich social interaction & collaboration between students & educators with features that were previously only available in proprietary applications. This paper reports from an ongoingresearch project utilizing a design research approach aimed at creating and evaluating such a tool.
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| 48. |
- Tarnawski, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Cholinergic regulation of vascular endothelial function by human ChAT + T cells
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation are linked with adverse cardiovascular events. T lymphocytes expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing biosynthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine (ACh), regulate vasodilation and are integral to the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in an inflammatory reflex in mice. Here, we found that human T cell ChAT mRNA expression was induced by T cell activation involving the PI3K signaling cascade. Mechanistically, we identified that ChAT mRNA expression was induced following the attenuation of RE-1 Silencing Transcription factor REST-mediated methylation of the ChAT promoter, and that ChAT mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by GATA3 in human T cells. In functional experiments, T cell-derived ACh increased endothelial nitric oxide-synthase activity, promoted vasorelaxation, and reduced vascular endothelial activation and promoted barrier integrity by a cholinergic mechanism. Further, we observed that survival in a cohort of patients with severe circulatory failure correlated with their relative frequency of ChAT+CD4+ T cells in blood. These findings on ChAT+ human T cells provide a mechanism for cholinergic immune regulation of vascular endothelial function in human inflammation.
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| 49. |
- Varga, Tibor V., et al.
(author)
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Novel genetic loci associated with long-term deterioration in blood lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease in European adults
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 46:4, s. 1211-1222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cross-sectional genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci associated with blood lipids and related cardiovascular traits, but few genetic association studies have focused on long-term changes in blood lipids.Methods: Participants from the GLACIER Study (N-max = 3492) were genotyped with the MetaboChip array, from which 29 387 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms;replication, fine-mapping regions and wildcard SNPs for lipid traits) were extracted for association tests with 10-year change in total cholesterol (Delta TC) and triglycerides (Delta TG). Four additional prospective cohort studies (MDC, PIVUS, ULSAM, MRC Ely; N-max = 8263 participants) were used for replication. We conducted an in silico look-up for association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) Consortium (N similar to 190 000) and functional annotation for the top ranking variants.Results: In total, 956 variants were associated (P < 0.01) with either Delta TC or Delta TG in GLACIER. In GLACIER, chr19:50121999 at APOE was associated with Delta TG and multiple SNPs in the APOA1/A4/C3/A5 region at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)), whereas variants in four loci, DOCK7, BRE, SYNE1 and KCNIP1, reached study-wide significance (P < 1.7 x 10(-6)). The rs7412 variant at APOE was associated with DTC in GLACIER (P < 1.7 x 10(-6)). In pooled analyses of all cohorts, 139 SNPs at six and five loci were associated with Delta TC and for Delta TG, respectively (P < 10(-3)). Of these, a variant at CAPN3 (P = 1.2 x 10(-4)), multiple variants at HPR (P-min = 1.5 x 10(-6)) and a variant at SIX5 (P = 1.9 x 10(-4)) showed evidence for association with CAD.Conclusions: We identified seven novel genomic regions associated with long-term changes in blood lipids, of which three also raise CAD risk.
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| 50. |
- Wang, Jing, et al.
(author)
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A major locus controls local adaptation and adaptive life history variation in a perennial plant
- 2018
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In: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The initiation of growth cessation and dormancy represent critical life history trade offs between survival and growth and have important fitness effects in perennial plants Such adaptive life history traits often show strong local adaptation along environmental gradients but, despite then importance, the genetic architecture of these traits remains poorly understood.Results: We integrate whole genome re sequencing with environmental and phenotypic data from common garden experiments to investigate the genomic basis of local adaptation across a latitudinal gradient in European aspen (Populus tremula). A single genomic region containing the PtFT2 gene mediates local adaptation in the timing of bud set and explains 65% of the observed genetic variation in bud set This locus is the likely target of a recent selective sweep that originated right before or during colonization of northern Scandinavia following the last glaciation Field and greenhouse experiments confirm that variation in PtFT2 gene expression affects the phenotypic variation in bud set that we observe in wild natural populations.Conclusions: Our results reveal a major effect locus that determines the timing of bud set and that has facilitated rapid adaptation to shorter growing seasons and colder climates in European aspen. The discovery of a single locus explaining a substantial fraction of the variation in a key life-history trait is remarkable, given that such traits are generally considered to be highly polygenic. These findings provide a dramatic illustration of how loci of large effect for adaptive traits can arise and be maintained over large geographical scales in natural populations.
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