| 1. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Metodik for læringsstile
- 2007. - 1
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In: Læring og læringsstile. - Köpenhamn : Dansk psykologisk Forlag. - 9788777061035 ; , s. 67-85, s. 67-85
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Aguetoni Cambui, Camila, et al.
(author)
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Patterns of Plant Biomass Partitioning Depend on Nitrogen Source
- 2011
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) availability is a strong determinant of plant biomass partitioning, but the role of different N sources in this process is unknown. Plants inhabiting low productivity ecosystems typically partition a large share of total biomass to belowground structures. In these systems, organic N may often dominate plant available N. With increasing productivity, plant biomass partitioning shifts to aboveground structures, along with a shift in available N to inorganic forms of N. We tested the hypothesis that the form of N taken up by plants is an important determinant of plant biomass partitioning by cultivating Arabidopsis thaliana on different N source mixtures. Plants grown on different N mixtures were similar in size, but those supplied with organic N displayed a significantly greater root fraction. (15)N labelling suggested that, in this case, a larger share of absorbed organic N was retained in roots and split-root experiments suggested this may depend on a direct incorporation of absorbed amino acid N into roots. These results suggest the form of N acquired affects plant biomass partitioning and adds new information on the interaction between N and biomass partitioning in plants.
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| 3. |
- Alves Dias, Joana, et al.
(author)
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Low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and risk of invasive post-menopausal breast cancer - A nested case-control study from the Malmö diet and cancer cohort
- 2016
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Although cancer promotes inflammation, the role of inflammation in tumor-genesis is less well established. The aim was to examine if low-grade inflammation is related to post-menopausal breast cancer risk, and if obesity modifies this association. Methods; In the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort, a nested case-control study was defined among 8,513 women free of cancer and aged 55.73 years at baseline (1991.96); 459 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during follow-up (until December 31st, 2010). In laboratory analyses of blood from 446 cases, and 885 controls (matched on age and date of blood sampling) we examined systemic inflammation markers: oxidized (ox)-LDL, interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer risk was calculated using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results: Inverse associations with breast cancer were seen in fully-adjusted models, for 2nd and 3rd tertiles of ox-LDL, OR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.47.0.90), 0.63 (0.45.0.89) respectively, p-trend = 0.01; and for the 3rd tertile of TNF-α, 0.65 (0.43.0.99), p-trend = 0.04. In contrast, those in the highest IL-1β category had higher risk, 1.71 (1.05.2.79), p-trend = 0.01. Obesity did not modify associations between inflammation biomarkers and breast cancer. Conclusion; Our study does not suggest that low-grade inflammation increase the risk of post-menopausal breast cancer.
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| 4. |
- Alves Dias, Joana, et al.
(author)
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Plasma variation and reproducibility of oxidized LDL-cholesterol and low-grade inflammation biomarkers among participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2016
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In: Biomarkers. - 1354-750X. ; 21:6, s. 562-571
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Large epidemiological studies often collect non-fasting samples, although the reliability of biomarkers may be uncertain. Objective: To explore the reliability and reproducibility of a single measurement of selected biomarkers in a sub-sample of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Methods: We estimated single- and average-measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for oxidized (ox)-LDL, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Results: Single-measures ICC in non-fasting samples of ox-LDL, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were the following: 0.85, 0.71, 0.61, 0.78 and 0.66 for men, and 0.67, 0.81, 0.87, 0.69 and 0.81 for women. Biomarkers at non-fasting and fasting samples were highly correlated (all r > 0.80). Conclusions: The observed ICC suggest that most of the examined biomarkers (non-fasting blood) would allow meaningful analysis in epidemiological studies.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Clemedson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Development of an in vitro test battery for the estimation of acute human systemic toxicity : An outline of the EDIT project. Evaluation-guided Development of New In Vitro Test Batteries
- 2002
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In: ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals). - 0261-1929. ; 30:3, s. 313-321
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the Evaluation-guided Development of new In Vitro Test Batteries (EDIT) multicentre programme is to establish and validate in vitro tests relevant to toxicokinetics and for organ-specific toxicity, to be incorporated into optimal test batteries for the estimation of human acute systemic toxicity. The scientific basis of EDIT is the good prediction of human acute toxicity obtained with three human cell line tests (R(2) = 0.77), in the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. However, the results from the MEIC study indicated that at least two other types of in vitro test ought to be added to the existing test battery to improve the prediction of human acute systemic toxicity - to determine key kinetic events (such as biotransformation and passage through biological barriers), and to predict crucial organ-specific mechanisms not covered by the tests in the MEIC battery. The EDIT programme will be a case-by-case project, but the establishment and validation of new tests will be carried through by a common, step-wise procedure. The Scientific Committee of the EDIT programme defines the need for a specific set of toxicity or toxicokinetic data. Laboratories are then invited to perform the defined tests in order to provide the "missing" data for the EDIT reference chemicals. The results obtained will be evaluated against the MEMO (the MEIC Monograph programme) database, i.e. against human acute systemic lethal and toxicity data. The aim of the round-table discussions at the 19th Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology (SSCT) workshop, held in Ringsted, Denmark on 6-9 September 2001, was to identify which tests are the most important for inclusion in the MEIC battery, i.e. which types of tests the EDIT programme should focus on. It was proposed that it is important to include in vitro methods for various kinetic events, such as biotransformation, absorption in the gut, passage across the blood-brain barrier, distribution volumes, protein binding, and renal clearance/accumulation. Models for target organ toxicity were also discussed. Because several of the outlier chemicals (paracetamol, digoxin, malathion, nicotine, paraquat, atropine and potassium cyanide) in the MEIC in vivo-in vitro evaluation have a neurotoxic potential, it was proposed that the development within the EDIT target organ programme should initially be focused on the nervous system.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Freischmidt, Axel, et al.
(author)
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Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia
- 2015
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In: Nature Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 18:5, s. 631-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative syndrome hallmarked by adult-onset loss of motor neurons. We performed exome sequencing of 252 familial ALS (fALS) and 827 control individuals. Gene-based rare variant analysis identified an exome-wide significant enrichment of eight loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TBK1 (encoding TANK-binding kinase 1) in 13 fALS pedigrees. No enrichment of LoF mutations was observed in a targeted mutation screen of 1,010 sporadic ALS and 650 additional control individuals. Linkage analysis in four families gave an aggregate LOD score of 4.6. In vitro experiments confirmed the loss of expression of TBK1 LoF mutant alleles, or loss of interaction of the C-terminal TBK1 coiled-coil domain (CCD2) mutants with the TBK1 adaptor protein optineurin, which has been shown to be involved in ALS pathogenesis. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes ALS and fronto-temporal dementia.
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| 9. |
- Gupta, Dhanu, et al.
(author)
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Amelioration of systemic inflammation via the display of two different decoy protein receptors on extracellular vesicles
- 2021
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In: Nature Biomedical Engineering. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Laboratory Medicine. - 2157-846X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be functionalized to display specific protein receptors on their surface. However, surface-display technology typically labels only a small fraction of the EV population. Here, we show that the joint display of two different therapeutically relevant protein receptors on EVs can be optimized by systematically screening EV-loading protein moieties. We used cytokine-binding domains derived from tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST), which can act as decoy receptors for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6, respectively. We found that the genetic engineering of EV-producing cells to express oligomerized exosomal sorting domains and the N-terminal fragment of syntenin (a cytosolic adaptor of the single transmembrane domain protein syndecan) increased the display efficiency and inhibitory activity of TNFR1 and IL-6ST and facilitated their joint display on EVs. In mouse models of systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation, EVs displaying the cytokine decoys ameliorated the disease phenotypes with higher efficacy as compared with clinically approved biopharmaceutical agents targeting the TNF-α and IL-6 pathways.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Inventering av liten aspgelélav i södra delarna av Västernorrlands län
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna inventering som genomförts under en dryg vecka i Västernorrlands län sommaren 2010 är ett steg för att förbättra kunskapen om utbredningen av arten liten aspgelélav i länet och riket. Liten apsgelélav hittades i flera av de objekt som besöktes genom denna inventering och länsstyrelsen fick ett bättre kunskapsunderlag för såväl skyddade områden och områden som är av intresse för naturvården.
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Ringlavsövervakning i Gävleborg 1996-2002
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- 1996 och 1997 startades en övervakning av 19 ringlavslokaler i Gävlebors län. I denna rapport redovisas resultatet från en återinventering av dessa lokaler år 2002. I rapporten redovisas också de förändringar som skett på lokaler år 2002. i rapporten redovisas också de förändringar som skett på lokalerna under perioden 1996 till 2002.Inventeringen skedde på fasta provytor, 10 x 20 m stora (provytekartering) och längs transekter utgående från dessa (grovkartering).I Hälsingland har 14 lokaler inventerats.På sex av lokalerna har antalet ringlavsbålar ökat kraftigt, mer än 40% i provytorna sedan inventeringsstarten. På ytterligare fyra har en måttligare ökning skett och på fyra har en minskning skett.I Gästrikland har fem lokaler övervakats och där har ringlaven ökat kraftigt på en lokal i norra Gästrikland medan den har minskat mer eller mindre kraftigt på de fyra som ligger i den södra halvan av landskapet.I Gästrikland växte ringlaven i lika stor utsträckning på gran som på en, medan ringlaven i Hälsingland växte främst på gran, men även ganska rikligt på tall och björk.på samtliga ringlavslokaler söder om gävle i gästrikland har ringlaven minskat kraftigt. Detta trots att inga stora förändringar tycks ha skett i provytornas omedelbara närhet sedan inventeringsstarten.I Hälsningland och norra gästrikland förfaller bestånden vara relativt stabila.En viktig del i skyddet av ringlav i Gävleborgs län är att genom inventeringsinsater finna och avgränsa hittils okända ringlavslokaler.det är troligt att flera oupptäckta ringlavslokaler avverkas på grund av att man saknar kännedom om dem.
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| 12. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av fjällvegetation på Anjeskutan : Förändringar mellan åren 2008 och 2013
- 2014
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Fjället Anjeskutan i Jämtland har övervakats med fem års mellanrum, år 2008 och år 2013, med avseende på fjällvegetationen och resultaten presenteras i denna rapport. Metodiken går i korthet ut på att provytor i sex transekter i olika riktningar med utgångspunkt från fjällets topp inventeras där variabler inom bottenskikt, fältskikt, buskskikt och trädskikt noteras. Metoden är hämtad och utvecklad från NILS-projektet.Resultaten visar att inom bottenskiktet har busklavarna minskat lite, i övrigt är har inga stora förändringarna skett. Fältskiktet visar på en svag ökning. Det är främst graminiderna som har ökat något medan örterna uppvisar en svag minskning. Ljungväxterna har också ökat ytterst lite. Dvärgvide har ökat i de flesta transekter och höjdintervall. Antalet provytor med buskar var detsamma båda åren. Träd har bara noterats i fyra provytor år 2008 och tre provytor år 2013. Det enda trädslaget som har påträffats i provytorna är glasbjörk.Totalt antal kärlväxter som påträffades var 97 arter år 2008 och 105 arter år 2013. En svag ökning av antalet arter har skett i alla transekter. Den vanligaste kärlväxtarten på Anjeskutan var dvärgvide år 2013 och styvstarr år 2008. Styvstarr var också den vanligaste graminiden vid båda inventeringstillfällena. Den vanligaste ljungväxten var kråkbär och den vanligaste örten var fjällnoppa, båda åren. Några arter som har ökat kraftigt var fjälltåtel, fjällven, ripstarr och dvärgdunört. Den art som minskat mest är slidstarr.
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| 13. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av fjällvegetation på Buarkantjahke : Förändringar mellan åren 2010 och 2016
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fjället Buarkantjahke i Jämtlands län har övervakats med sex års mellanrum, år 2010 och år 2016, med avseende på fjällvegetationen och resultaten presenteras i denna rapport. Metodiken går i korthet ut på att provytor i sex transekter i olika riktningar med utgångspunkt från fjällets topp inventeras där variabler inom bottenskikt, fältskikt, buskskikt och trädskikt noteras. Metoden är delvis hämtad och utvecklad från NILS-projektet.Jämförelser mellan åren 2010 och 2016 visar på små skillnader för de flesta variabler. Störst förändringar i bottenskiktet uppvisar renlavarna, som har minskat från 5,1 procent täckningsgrad till 2,8 procent. För övriga dominerande variabler i bottenskiktet var förändringarna mycket små. Fältskiktet uppvisar små skillnader. I buskskiktet kan en ökning av dvärgvidets täckningsgrad konstateras, från till 4,7 till 7,4 procent (gäller diffus täckning i 10-metersprovytorna).
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| 14. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av fjällvegetation på Lill-Skarven : Förändringar mellan åren 2009 och 2014
- 2015
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Fjället Lillskarven i Härjedalen i Jämtlands län har övervakats med fem års mellanrum, år 2009 och år 2014, med avseende på fjällvegetationen och resultaten presenteras i denna rapport. Metodiken går i korthet ut på att provytor i sex transekter i olika riktningar med utgångspunkt från fjällets topp inventeras där variabler inom bottenskikt, fältskikt, buskskikt och trädskikt noteras. Metoden är delvis hämtad och utvecklad från NILS-projektet.Resultatet för bottenskiktet visar att täckningsgraden av mossor har ökat med 17 procent och andelen humus/torv minskat med 24 procent. Förändringarna är likartade i alla transekterna utom i A som visar motsatt resultat. Täckningsgraden av busklavar har minskat något medan andelen sten, block och häll är relativt lika mellan åren.Fältskiktet har ökat i samtliga transekter. Den grupp som ökat mest i täckningsgrad är ljungväxter följt av graminider, medan örterna har minskat något. Den största procentuella ökningen har skett närmast toppen.Det totala antalet arter som påträffades i 10-metersprovytorna var 182 arter år 2009 och 196 arter år 2014. Det motsvarar en ökning med 14 procent. Ökningar i artantal har skett i samtliga transekter. Den vanligaste artgruppen år 2014 var örter med 97 arter. De vanligaste kärlväxtarterna på Lill-Skarven år 2014 var lappljung och kråkbär, som påträffades i samtliga 60 provytor.Alla de fyra trädslag som påträffades, gran, tall, glasbjörk och rönn, har ökat i höjdled.
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| 15. |
- Jonsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av varglav i Gävleborg 1996-2001
- 2002
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- År 1996 valdes 20 lokaler, varav 16 är myrlokaler och 4 fastmarkslokaler, med känd förekomst av varglav ut och inventerades. År 2001 återinventerades samtliga av dessa lokaler.På varje lokal gjordes en provytekartering,detaljkartering och grovkartering av varglav.Sammanfattningsvis av inventeringen kan sägas att de flesta myrlokaler hyser så stora och stabila populationer att de ej är hotade på kortsikt.För flera av fastmarkslokalerna är framtiden mer osäker.Dessa lokaler hyser endast några få bålar på enstaka träd och nyetableringen är otillfredställande.
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| 16. |
- Nordin, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Moderniserad maktdelning
- 2024
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In: Nordbor : Liv och rörelse under 500 år - Liv och rörelse under 500 år. - 9789170614705 ; , s. 244-249
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Frihetstiden driver fram ett unikt statsskick i Sverige, världens första tryckfrihetslag och en rad civila rättigheter. Tankar om att makten ska var lojal mot folket, snarare än mot Gud och kungen, är upptakten till genomgripande samhällsomvälvningar som tar fart med den europeiska upplysningen.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nordin, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av ringlav i Gävleborgs län 1996 - 2013
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sedan år 1996 pågår en övervakning av ringlav Evernia divaricata på 19 lokaler i Gävleborgs län. I denna rapport redovisas resultatet från den senaste återinventeringen år 2012/2013, samt jämförelser med tidigare inventeringar. Övervakningen omfattar dels räkning av lavbålar i en provyta på varje lokal, dels räkning av antalet träd med ringlav i transekter som går ut 50 meter från provytan i alla fyra väderstreck (”grovkartering”).Resultatet från inventeringen i provytan visar att antalet ringlavbålar har minskat på 12 ringlavslokaler och ökat på 7 lokaler sedan inventeringsstarten. Antalet träd med ringlav visar liknande trend, en minskning på 13 lokaler och en ökning på 5 lokaler. Men den senaste trenden, sedan år 2002, visar att minskningar av antalet ringlavbålar skett på alla 19 lokalerna. För antalet ringlavsträd under motsvarande period har minskningar skett på 17 lokaler, ökning på en lokal och oförändrat antal på en lokal.I grovkarteringen har antal träd med ringlav, under perioden år 1999 till år 2012/2013, minskat på 13 lokaler, ökat på 5 lokaler och är oförändrat på en lokal.Både storskaliga och lokala faktorer som kan ha påverkat ringlaven diskuteras i rapporten. Till de storskaliga hör förtätning av skogsbestånden; klimatvariationer och stormen Dagmar. Mer lokala påverkansfaktorer som diskuteras är luftföroreningar, markavvattning, skogsbruk (hygge) och utdöendeskuld.Slutsatsen från övervakningen är att ringlavens framtid fortfarande är osäker i länet. Även på två lokaler som är klassade som nyckelbiotoper har avverkningar skett. På en lokal har en kraftig minskning skett på grund av dikning och vägbygge som har skett ganska långt tillbaka i tiden. På ytterligare några lokaler har ringlaven minskat av okänd anledning, eventuellt som en följd av utdöendeskuld. På de fyra sydligaste lokalerna är utvecklingen alarmerande. Södra Gästrikland har tidigare ansetts vara ett starkt fäste för ringlaven, men nu verkar det som om den helt håller på att försvinna från området.
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| 19. |
- Norgren, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Capillary blood tests may overestimate ketosis : triangulation between three different measures of beta-hydroxybutyrate
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 318:2, s. e184-E188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), assessed by a point-of-care meter in venous whole blood (BHBv), was used as the main outcome in a study on nutritional ketosis in healthy older adults. Two other BHB measures were also used in the study for validation and exploratory purposes, and here we report findings on correlation and agreement between those three methods. Ketosis in the range of 0-1.5 mmol/L was induced in 15 healthy volunteers by intake of medium-chain fatty acids after a 12-h fast. BHBv was assessed at 12 time points for 4 h. The same point-of-care meter was also used to test capillary blood (BHBc) at three time points, and a laboratory test determined total ketones (TK) in plasma (BHBp + acetoacetate) at four time points. A total of 180 cases included simultaneous data on BHBv, BHBc, BHBp, and TK. TK correlated with BHBp (Pearson's r = 0.99), BHBv (r = 0.91), and BHBc (r = 0.91), all P < 0.0001. BHBv and BHBp had good agreement in absolute values. However, the slope between BHBc and BHBv, measured with the same device, was in the range of 0.64-0.78 in different regression models, indicating substantially higher BHB concentrations in capillary versus venous blood. We conclude that all three methods are valid to detect relative changes in ketosis, but our results highlight the importance of method considerations and the possible need to adjust cutoffs, e.g., in the management of ketoacidosis and in the evaluation and comparison of dietary interventions.
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| 20. |
- Norgren, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Ketosis After Intake of Coconut Oil and Caprylic Acid-With and Without Glucose : A Cross-Over Study in Healthy Older Adults
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Medium-chain-triglycerides (MCT), formed by fatty acids with a length of 6-12 carbon atoms (C6-C12), constitute about two thirds of coconut oil (Coc). MCT have specific metabolic properties which has led them to be described as ketogenic even in the absence of carbohydrate restriction. This effect has mainly been demonstrated for caprylic acid (C8), which constitutes about 6-8% of coconut oil. Our aim was to quantify ketosis and blood glucose after intake of Coc and C8, with and without glucose intake. Sunflower oil (Suf) was used as control, expected to not break fasting ketosis, nor induce supply-driven ketosis. Method: In a 6-arm cross-over design, 15 healthy volunteers-age 65-73, 53% women-were tested once a week. After a 12-h fast, ketones were measured during 4 h after intake of coffee with cream, in combination with each of the intervention arms in a randomized order: 1. Suf (30 g); 2. C8 (20 g) + Suf (10 g); 3. C8 (20 g) + Suf (10 g) + Glucose (50 g); 4. Coc (30 g); 5. Coc (30 g) + Glucose (50 g); 6. C8 (20 g) + Coc (30 g). The primary outcome was absolute blood levels of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate, area under the curve (AUC). ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to compare arms. Results: beta-hydroxybutyrate, AUC/time (mean +/- SD), for arms were 1: 0.18 +/- 0.11; 2: 0.45 +/- 0.19; 3: 0.28 +/- 0.12; 4: 0.22 +/- 0.12; 5: 0.08 +/- 0.04; 6: 0.45 +/- 0.20 (mmol/L). Differences were significant (all p <= 0.02), except for arm 2 vs. 6, and 4 vs. 1 & 3. Blood glucose was stable in arm 1, 2, 4, & 6, at levels slightly below baseline (p <= 0.05) at all timepoints hours 1-4 after intake. Conclusions: C8 had a higher ketogenic effect than the other components. Coc was not significantly different from Suf, or C8 with glucose. In addition, we report that a 16-h non-carbohydrate window contributed to a mild ketosis, while blood glucose remained stable. Our results suggest that time-restricted feeding regarding carbohydrates may optimize ketosis from intake of MCT.
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| 21. |
- Norgren, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Serum proBDNF Is Associated With Changes in the Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate and Shows Superior Repeatability Over Mature BDNF : Secondary Outcomes From a Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Older Adults
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice, but little is known about the associations between BHB and BDNF in humans. The primary aim here was to investigate whether ketosis (i.e., raised BHB levels), induced by a ketogenic supplement, influences serum levels of mature BDNF (mBDNF) and its precursor proBDNF in healthy older adults. A secondary aim was to determine the intra-individual stability (repeatability) of those biomarkers, measured as intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).Method: Three of the arms in a 6-arm randomized cross-over trial were used for the current sub-study. Fifteen healthy volunteers, 65–75 y, 53% women, were tested once a week. Test oils, mixed in coffee and cream, were ingested after a 12-h fast. Labeled by their level of ketosis, the arms provided: sunflower oil (lowK); coconut oil (midK); caprylic acid + coconut oil (highK). Repeated blood samples were collected for 4 h after ingestion. Serum BDNF levels were analyzed for changes from baseline to 1, 2 and 4 h to compare the arms. Individual associations between BHB and BDNF were analyzed cross-sectionally and for a delayed response (changes in BHB 0–2 h to changes in BDNF at 0–4 h). ICC estimates were calculated from baseline levels from the three study days.Results: proBDNF increased more in highK vs. lowK between 0 and 4 h (z-score: β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.44; p = 0.007). Individual change in BHB 0–2 h, predicted change in proBDNF 0–4 h, (β = 0.40, CI 0.12–0.67; p = 0.006). Change in mBDNF was lower in highK vs. lowK at 0–2 h (β = −0.88, CI −1.37 to −0.40; p < 0.001) and cumulatively 0–4 h (β = −1.01, CI −1.75 to −0.27; p = 0.01), but this could not be predicted by BHB levels. ICC was 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) for proBDNF, and 0.72 (CI 0.47–0.89) for mBDNF.Conclusions: The findings support a link between changes in peripheral BHB and proBDNF in healthy older adults. For mBDNF, changes differed between arms but independent to BHB levels. Replication is warranted due to the small sample. Excellent repeatability encourages future investigations on proBDNF as a predictor of brain health.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03904433.
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| 22. |
- Ranlund, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Epiphytic lichen responses to environmental change due to clear-cutting differ among tree taxa
- 2018
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In: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 29:6, s. 1065-1074
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Question Many species-rich communities are associated with a foundation species. While we often have detailed information about the foundation species, we know less about its associated species. We explore such a situation, comparing the responses of lichen species associated with different tree taxa, which differ in successional strategy, to the environmental change that takes place when the surrounding trees are clear-cut. Location Boreal forests in Sweden. Methods We illustrated general differences in lichen species composition among four tree taxa and three stand categories using ordination of species occurrences. To analyse responses to clear-cutting we modelled the occurrence probability individually for 144 epiphytic lichen species from the lower 2 m of 2,400 tree trunks of four tree taxa in 130 stands, and compared trees in closed-canopy forests with those retained in logged stands, using Bayesian hierarchical models. Results The composition of lichens on aspen trees deviated clearly from that on the other tree species. Also lichen responses to logging differed among main host tree taxa, where lichen species associated with birches, European aspen, and Scots pine increased in probability of occurrence on trees in logged areas compared to intact forest, while lichen species associated with Norway spruce decreased. We found that time lags for changes in occupancy existed primarily in the increase, but not in the decline, of the groups of lichens associated with different tree taxa. Conclusions Lichens associated with different tree taxa vary in their response to the environmental change brought about by logging, but in a way that differs from the differences in species composition among host trees. Our results highlight the importance of considering the taxa of trees in forest management for the conservation of their associated lichen species. The extent to which the ecology of foundation species influences their associated species merits further inquiry, since such knowledge may facilitate predictions of responses of associated species also in other species-rich communities.
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| 23. |
- Star, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Challenges of safe medication practice in paediatric care : A nursing perspective
- 2013
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:5, s. 532-538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMTo explore nurses' experiences of handling medications in paediatric clinical practice, with a focus on factors that hinder and facilitate safe medication practices.METHODSTwenty nurses (registered nurses) from four paediatric wards at two hospitals in Sweden were interviewed in focus groups. The interviews were analysed using content analysis.RESULTSSix themes emerged from the analysed interviews: the complexity specific for nurses working on paediatric wards are hindrances to safe medication practices; nurses concerns about medication errors causes a considerable psychological burden; the individual nurse works hard for safe medication practices and values support from other nurse colleagues; circumstances out of the ordinary are perceived as critical challenges for maintaining patient safety; nurses value clear instructions, guidelines and routines but these are often missing, variable or changeable; management, other medical professionals, the pharmacy, the pharmaceutical industry and informatics support need to respond to the requirements of the nurses working situations to improve safe medication practices.CONCLUSIONWeaknesses were apparent in the long chain of the medication delivery process. A joint effort by different professions involved in that delivery process, and a nationwide collaboration between hospitals is recommended to increase safe medication practices in paediatric care.
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| 24. |
- Wendel, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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A novel monoclonal antibody targeting carboxymethyllysine, an advanced glycation end product in atherosclerosis and pancreatic cancer
- 2018
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Advanced glycation end products are formed by non-enzymatic reactions between proteins and carbohydrates, causing irreversible lysine and arginine alterations that severely affect protein structure and function. The resulting modifications induce inflammation by binding to scavenger receptors. An increase in advanced glycation end products is observed in a number of diseases e.g. atherosclerosis and cancer. Since advanced glycation end products also are present in healthy individuals, their detection and quantification are of great importance for usage as potential biomarkers. Current methods for advanced glycation end product detection are though limited and solely measure total glycation. This study describes a new epitope-mapped single chain variable fragment, D1-B2, against carboxymethyllysine, produced from a phage library that was constructed from mouse immunizations. The phage library was selected against advanced glycation end product targets using a phage display platform. Characterization of its binding pattern was performed using large synthetic glycated peptide and protein libraries displayed on microarray slides. D1-B2 showed a preference for an aspartic acid, three positions N-terminally from a carboxymethyllysine residue and also bound to a broad collection of glycated proteins. Positive immunohistochemical staining of mouse atherosclerotic plaques and of a tissue microarray of human pancreatic tumors confirmed the usability of the new scFv for advanced glycation end product detection in tissues. This study demonstrates a promising methodology for high-throughput generation of epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies against AGE.
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