| 1. |
- Ayeni, O. R., et al.
(author)
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Clinical and Radiographic Criteria Define "Acceptable" Surgical Correction of Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome as Well as Postoperative Complications: An International Modified Delphi Study
- 2023
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In: Arthroscopy-the Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-8063. ; 39:5, s. 1198-1210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To develop recommendations for clinical and radiographic criteria to help define the "acceptable" surgical correction of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and identify/define complications postoperatively. Methods: A 3-phase modified Delphi study was conducted involving a case-based survey; a Likert/multiple choice-based survey concerning radiographic and physical examination characteristics to help define FAIS correction, as well as the prevalence and definition of potential postoperative complications; and 2 consensus meetings. Results: Of the 75 experts invited, 54 completed the Phase I survey, 50 completed the Phase II survey (72% and 67% response rate), and 50 participated in the Phase III consensus meetings. For both typical and atypical (complex) cases, there was consensus that fluoroscopy with multiple views and dynamic hip assessment should be used intraoperatively (96% and 100%, respectively). For typical FAIS cases, the Expert Panel agreed that Dunn lateral and anteroposterior radiographs were the most important radiographs to evaluate the hip postoperatively (88%, consensus). When asked about evaluating the correction of cam impingement postoperatively, 87% voted that they use subjective evaluation of the "sphericity" of the femoral head. In the case of focal and global pincer-type FAIS, there was consensus that the reduction or elimination of the crossover sign (84%) and lateral center-edge angle (91%) were important to inform the extent of the FAIS correction. There was consensus for recommending further investigation at 6 months postoperatively if hip pain had increased/plateaued (92% agreed); that additional investigation and treatment should occur between 6 and 12 months (90% agreed); and that a reoperation may be recommended at 12 months or later following this investigation period (89% agreed). Conclusions: This consensus project identified the importance of using fluoroscopy and dynamic hip assessment intraoperatively; Dunn lateral and anteroposterior view radiographs postoperatively; evaluating the "sphericity" of the femoral head for cam-type correction and the use of dynamic hip assessment; reducing/eliminating the crossover sign for focal pincertype FAIS; evaluating the lateral center-edge angle for global pincer-type FAIS; and avoiding overcorrection of pincer-type FAIS. In cases in which postoperative hip pain increased/plateaued, further investigation and treatment is warranted between 6 and 12 months, and a reoperation may be recommended at a minimum of 12 months depending on the cause of the hip pain. Clinical Relevance: Hip arthroscopy surgeons have yet to reach a firm agreement on what constitutes an "acceptable" or "good" surgery radiographically and how they can achieve desired clinical outcomes. Although this was a comprehensive effort, more study is needed to determine therapeutic thresholds that can be universally applied.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sgaramella, Nicola, et al.
(author)
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Expression of p16 in squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue is independent of HPV infection despite presence of the HPV-receptor syndecan-1
- 2015
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 113:2, s. 321-326
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is increasing in incidence, especially among young patients and preferably females. Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) has been suggested as a cause of SCC in the head and neck, and the proportion of oropharyngeal cancers caused by HPV has steadily increased. Methods: Samples from 109 patients with primary TSCC were analysed for the presence of HPV16 by in situ hybridisation and for expression of its surrogate marker p16 and the HPV receptor syndecan-1 by immunhistochemistry. Results: No evidence of HPV16 DNA was observed in the tumours, although one-third showed p16 staining. There was no difference in the expression of the primary HPV receptor, syndecan-1, between TSCC and a group of tonsil SCC. Conclusion: Whereas p16 is expressed in some TSCCs, HPV16 is undetectable, therefore, p16 cannot be used as a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV-infection in this tumour. Despite presence of the HPV-receptor syndecan-1 in TSCC, HPV prefers the tonsillar environment. Lack of p16 associates with worse prognosis primarily in patients aged <= 40 years with tongue SCC. The improved prognosis seen in p16-positive TSCC can be due to induction of a senescent phenotype or an inherent radiosensitivity due to the ability of p16 to inhibit homologous recombination repair.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Axmon, A, et al.
(author)
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Psychiatric diagnoses in older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population a register study
- 2018
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In: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. - 2045-7960. ; 27:5, s. 479-491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To describe the occurrence of psychiatric diagnoses in a specialist care setting in older people with intellectual disability (ID) in relation to those found in the same age group in the general population.METHOD: A cohort of people with ID (n = 7936), aged 55 years or more in 2012, was identified, as was an age and sex-matched cohort from the general population (n = 7936). Information regarding psychiatric diagnoses during 2002-2012 was collected from the National Patient Register, which contains records from all inpatient care episodes and outpatient specialist visits in Sweden. The mean age at the start of data collection (i.e. January 1st, 2002) was 53 years (range 44-85 years).RESULTS: Seventeen per cent (n = 1382) of the people in the ID cohort had at least one psychiatric diagnosis recorded during the study period. The corresponding number in the general population cohort was 10% (n = 817), which translates to an odds ratio (OR) of 1.84. The diagnoses recorded for the largest number of people in the ID cohort were 'other' (i.e. not included in any of the diagnostic groups) psychiatric diagnoses (10% of the cohort had at least one such diagnosis recorded) and affective disorders (7%). In the general population cohort, the most common diagnoses were affective disorders (4%) and alcohol/substance-abuse-related disorders (4%). An increased odds of having at least one diagnosis was found for all investigated diagnoses except for alcohol/substance-abuse-related disorders (OR = 0.56). The highest odds for the ID cohort was found for diagnosis of psychotic disorder (OR = 10.4) followed by attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (OR = 3.81), dementia (OR = 2.71), personality disorder (OR = 2.67), affective disorder (OR = 1.74) and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.36). People with ID also had an increased odds of psychiatric diagnoses not included in any of these groups (OR = 8.02). The percentage of people with ID who had at least one diagnosis recorded during the study period decreased from more than 30% among those aged 55-59 years in 2012 (i.e. born 1953-1957) to approximately 20% among those aged 75+ years in 2012 (i.e. born in or before 1937).CONCLUSIONS: Older people with ID seem to be more likely to have psychiatric diagnoses in inpatient or outpatient specialist care than their peers in the general population. If this is an effect of different disorder prevalence, diagnostic difficulties or differences in health care availability remains unknown. More research is needed to understand the diagnostic and treatment challenges of psychiatric disorders in this vulnerable group.
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| 8. |
- Axmon, A, et al.
(author)
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Psychiatric diagnoses in relation to severity of intellectual disability and challenging behaviors : a register study among older people
- 2018
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In: Aging and Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-6915 .- 1360-7863. ; 22:10, s. 1344-1350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between severity of intellectual disability (ID) and presence of challenging behavior, respectively, on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders among older people with ID.METHODS: People with a diagnosis of ID in inpatient or specialist outpatient care in 2002-2012 were identified (n = 2147; 611 with mild ID, 285 with moderate ID, 255 with severe or profound ID, and 996 with other/unspecified ID). Moreover, using impairment of behavior as a proxy for challenging behavior, 627 people with, and 1514 without such behavior were identified.RESULTS: Severe/profound ID was associated with lower odds of diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders than was mild/moderate ID. People with moderate ID had higher odds than those with mild ID of having diagnoses of affective disorders. Diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders, and dementia were more common among people with challenging behavior than among those without.CONCLUSIONS: People with severe/profound ID had lower odds of receiving psychiatric diagnoses than those with mild and moderate ID. Whether this is a result of differences in prevalence of disorders or diagnostic difficulties is unknown. Further, challenging behaviors were associated with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders. However, the nature of this association remains unclear.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Brennan, Jennifer L., et al.
(author)
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Enzymatic Activity of Lipase-Nanoparticle Conjugates and the Digestion of Lipid Liquid Crystalline Assemblies
- 2010
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In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:16, s. 13590-13599
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Variants of lipase were attached to gold nanoparticles (NPs) and their enzymatic activity was studied. The two bioengineered lipase variants have been prepared with biotin groups attached to different residues on the protein outer surface. The biotinylation was evidenced by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantified by the ([2-(4'-hydroxyazobenzene)]benzoic acid spectrophotometric test. NPs of 14 +/- 1 nm diameter coated with thiolated-polyethylene glycol ligands containing controlled proportions of biotin moieties have been prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and elemental analysis. These biotin-functionalized NPs were conjugated to lipase using streptavidin as a linker molecule. Enzyme activity assays on the lipase-nanoparticle conjugates show that the lipase loading and activity of the NPs can be controlled by varying the percentage of biotin groups in the particle protecting coat. The lipase-NP conjugates prepared using one variant display higher activity than those prepared using the other variant, demonstrating orientation-dependent enzyme activity. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize the enzymatic activity of lipase-NP on well-defined lipid substrates. It was found that lipase-coated NPs are able to digest the substrates in a different manner in comparison to the free lipase.
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| 12. |
- Burrell, Jamie, et al.
(author)
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Using Curvature Power to Map the Domain of Inverse Micellar Cubic Phases : The Case of Aliphatic Aldehydes in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- 2017
-
In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 33:44, s. 12804-12813
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxylipins, or fatty aldehydes, are a class of molecules produced from membrane lipids as a result of oxidative stress or enzyme-mediated peroxidation. Here we report the effects of two biologically important fatty aldehydes, trans,trans-2,4-decanedienal (DD) and cis-11-hexadecenal (HD), on the phase behavior of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in water. We compare the phase behavior of DD/DOPE and HD/DOPE mixtures to the phase behavior of oleic acid/DOPE mixtures and show that DD, HD, and oleic acid have similar effects on the phase diagrams of DOPE. Notably, both DD and HD, like oleic acid, induce the formation of Fd3m inverse micellar cubic phases in DOPE/water mixtures. This is the first time that Fd3m phases in fatty aldehyde-containing mixtures have been reported. We assess the effects of DD, HD, and oleic acid on DOPE in terms of lipid spontaneous curvatures and propose a method to predict the formation of Fd3m phases from the curvature power of amphiphiles. This methodology predicts that Fd3m phases will become stable if the spontaneous curvature of a lipid mixture is -0.48 ± 0.05 nm-1 or less.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Identification of a susceptibility locus for migraine with and without aura on 6p12.2-p21.1
- 2002
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In: Neurology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 59:11, s. 1804-1807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Migraine is the most common type of chronic episodic headache. To find novel susceptibility genes for familial migraine with and without aura, a genomewide screen was performed in a large family from northern Sweden. Evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 6p12.2-p21.1, with a maximum two-point lod score of 5.41 for marker D6S452. The patients with migraine shared a common haplotype of 10 Mb between markers D6S1650 and D6S1960.
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| 14. |
- Dalen, Love, et al.
(author)
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Identifying Bird Remains Using Ancient DNA Barcoding
- 2017
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In: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 8:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bird remains that are difficult to identify taxonomically using morphological methods, are common in the palaeontological record. Other types of challenging avian material include artefacts and food items from endangered taxa, as well as remains from aircraft strikes. We here present a DNA-based method that enables taxonomic identification of bird remains, even from material where the DNA is heavily degraded. The method is based on the amplification and sequencing of two short variable parts of the 16S region in the mitochondrial genome. To demonstrate the applicability of this approach, we evaluated the method on a set of Holocene and Late Pleistocene postcranial bird bones from several palaeontological and archaeological sites in Europe with good success.
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| 15. |
- Ericson, Per G P, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Dating the diversification of the major lineages of Passeriformes (Aves)
- 2014
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In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 14:8, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The avian Order Passeriformes is an enormously species-rich group, which comprises almost 60% ofall living bird species. This diverse order is believed to have originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the lateCretaceous. However, previous molecular dating studies have relied heavily on the geological split between NewZealand and Antarctica, assumed to have occurred 85–82 Mya, for calibrating the molecular clock and might thusbe circular in their argument.Results: This study provides a time-scale for the evolution of the major clades of passerines using seven nuclearmarkers, five taxonomically well-determined passerine fossils, and an updated interpretation of the New Zealandsplit from Antarctica 85–52 Mya in a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach. We also assess how different interpretationsof the New Zealand–Antarctica vicariance event influence our age estimates. Our results suggest that thediversification of Passeriformes began in the late Cretaceous or early Cenozoic. Removing the root calibration forthe New Zealand–Antarctica vicariance event (85–52 Mya) dramatically increases the 95% credibility intervals andleads to unrealistically old age estimates. We assess the individual characteristics of the seven nuclear genesanalyzed in our study. Our analyses provide estimates of divergence times for the major groups of passerines,which can be used as secondary calibration points in future molecular studies.Conclusions: Our analysis takes recent paleontological and geological findings into account and provides the bestestimate of the passerine evolutionary time-scale currently available. This time-scale provides a temporalframework for further biogeographical, ecological, and co-evolutionary studies of the largest bird radiation, andadds to the growing support for a Cretaceous origin of Passeriformes.
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| 16. |
- Ericson, Per G P, et al.
(author)
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Parallel Evolution of Bower-Building Behavior in Two Groups of Bowerbirds Suggested by Phylogenomics
- 2020
-
In: Systematic Biology. - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 69:5, s. 820-829
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The bowerbirds in New Guinea and Australia include species that build the largest and perhaps most elaborately decorated constructions outside of humans. The males use these courtship bowers, along with their displays, to attract females. In these species, the mating system is polygynous and the females alone incubate and feed the nestlings. The bowerbirds also include 10 species of the socially monogamous catbirds in which the male participates in most aspects of raising the young. How the bower-building behavior evolved has remained poorly understood, as no comprehensive phylogeny exists for the family. It has been assumed that the monogamous catbird clade is sister to all polygynous species. We here test this hypothesis using a newly developed pipeline for obtaining homologous alignments of thousands of exonic and intronic regions from genomic data to build a phylogeny. Our well-supported species tree shows that the polygynous, bower-building species are not monophyletic. The result suggests either that bower-building behavior is an ancestral condition in the family that was secondarily lost in the catbirds, or that it has arisen in parallel in two lineages of bowerbirds. We favor the latter hypothesis based on an ancestral character reconstruction showing that polygyny but not bower-building is ancestral in bowerbirds, and on the observation that Scenopoeetes dentirostris, the sister species to one of the bower-building clades, does not build a proper bower but constructs a court for male display. This species is also sexually monomorphic in plumage despite having a polygynous mating system. We argue that the relatively stable tropical and subtropical forest environment in combination with low predator pressure and rich food access (mostly fruit) facilitated the evolution of these unique life-history traits.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gonçalves, Rui A., et al.
(author)
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Facile control of surfactant lamellar phase transition and adsorption behavior
- 2020
-
In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 10:31, s. 18025-18034
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study sets out to investigate the effect of the presence of small water-soluble additives on the tunability of the surfactant gel-to-liquid crystalline (Lß-La) phase transition temperature (Tm) for a bilayer-forming cationic surfactant and the phase behavior of such surfactant systems on dilution. This is strongly driven by the fact that this type of cationic surfactant has many interesting unanswered scientific questions and has found applications in various areas such as consumer care, the petrochemical industry, food science,etc.The underlying surfactant/additive interactions and the interfacial behavior of lamellar surfactant systems including the surfactant deposition on surfaces can provide new avenues to develop novel product formulations. We have examined dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DODAC) in the presence of small polar additives, with respect to the phase behavior upon dilution and the deposition on silica. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to track the transition temperature,Tm, and synchrotron and laboratory-based small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) were used to determine the self-assembled surfactant structure below and above theTm. DSC scans showed that upon dilution the additives could be removed from the surfactant bilayer which in turn tuned theTm. A spontaneous transition from a liquid crystalline (La) phase to a gel (Lß) phase on dilution was demonstrated, which indicated that additives could be taken out from the Laphase. By means ofin situnull ellipsometry, the deposition of a diluted surfactant Lßphase upon replacement of bulk solution by deionized water was followed. This technique enables time-resolved monitoring of the deposited surfactant layer thickness and adsorbed amount, which allows us to understand the deposition on surfaces. Robust layers at least one bilayer-thick were deposited onto the surface and shown to be irreversibly adsorbed due to poor surfactant solvency in water. The thickest layer of surfactant deposited after dilution was found for mixtures with small amounts of additive since high amounts might lead to a phase-separated system.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Grenegård, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The ATP-gated P2X1 receptor plays a pivotal role in activation of aspirin-treated platelets by thrombin and epinephrine
- 2008
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 283:27, s. 18493-18504
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human platelets express protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and PAR4 but limited data indicate for differences in signal transduction. We studied the involvement of PAR1 and PAR4 in the cross-talk between thrombin and epinephrine. The results show that epinephrine acted via alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors to provoke aggregation, secretion, and Ca(2+) mobilization in aspirin-treated platelets pre-stimulated with subthreshold concentrations of thrombin. Incubating platelets with antibodies against PAR4 or the PAR4-specific inhibitor pepducin P4pal-i1 abolished the aggregation. Furthermore, platelets pre-exposed to the PAR4-activating peptide AYPGKF, but not to the PAR1-activating peptide SFLLRN, were aggregated by epinephrine, whereas both AYPGKF and SFLLRN synergized with epinephrine in the absence of aspirin. The roles of released ATP and ADP were elucidated by using antagonists of the purinergic receptors P2X(1), P2Y(1), and P2Y(12) (i.e. NF449, MRS2159, MRS2179, and cangrelor). Intriguingly, ATP, but not ADP, was required for the epinephrine/thrombin-induced aggregation. In Western blot analysis, a low concentration of AYPGKF, but not SFLLRN, stimulated phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473. Moreover, the phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 antagonized the effect of epinephrine combined with thrombin or AYPGKF. Thus, in aspirin-treated platelets, PAR4, but not PAR1, interacts synergistically with alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors, and the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in this cross-talk. Furthermore, in PAR4-pretreated platelets, epinephrine caused dense granule secretion, and subsequent signaling from the ATP-gated P2X(1)-receptor and the alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor induced aggregation. These results suggest a new mechanism that has ATP as a key element and circumvents the action of aspirin on epinephrine-facilitated PAR4-mediated platelet activation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hart Reeve, Andrew, et al.
(author)
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The formation of the Indo-Pacific montane avifauna
- 2023
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The processes generating the earth’s montane biodiversity remain a matter of debate. Two contrasting hypotheses have been advanced to explain how montane populations form: via direct colonization from other mountains, or, alternatively, via upslope range shifts from adjacent lowland areas. We seek to reconcile these apparently conflicting hypotheses by asking whether a species’ ancestral geographic origin determines its mode of mountain colonization. Island-dwelling passerine birds at the faunal crossroads between Eurasia and Australo-Papua provide an ideal study system. We recover the phylogenetic relationships of the region’s montane species and reconstruct their ancestral geographic ranges, elevational ranges, and migratory behavior. We also perform genomic population studies of three super-dispersive montane species/clades with broad island distributions. Eurasian-origin species populated archipelagos via direct colonization between mountains. This mode of colonization appears related to ancestral adaptations to cold and seasonal climates, specifically short-distance migration. Australo-Papuan-origin mountain populations, by contrast, evolved from lowland ancestors, and highland distribution mostly precludes their further colonization of island mountains. Our study explains much of the distributional variation within a complex biological system, and provides a synthesis of two seemingly discordant hypotheses for montane community formation.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Herrera-Marschitz, M, et al.
(author)
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On the origin of extracellular glutamate levels monitored in the basal ganglia of the rat by in vivo microdialysis
- 1996
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In: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 66:4, s. 1726-1735
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several putative neurotransmitters and metabolites were monitored simultaneously in the extracellular space of neostriatum, substantia nigra, and cortex and in subcutaneous tissue of the rat by in vivo microdialysis. Glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) were at submicromolar and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was at nanomolar concentrations in all brain regions. The highest concentration of dopamine (DA) was in the neostriatum. Dynorphin B (Dyn B) was in the picomolar range in all brain regions. Although no GABA, DA, or Dyn B could be detected in subcutaneous tissue, Glu and Asp levels were 5 and approximately 5 and approximately 0.4 microM, respectively. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations were approximately 200 and approximately 10 microM in all regions. The following criteria were applied to ascertain the neuronal origin of substances quantified by microdialysis: sensitivity to (a) K+ depolarization, (b) Na+ channel blockade, (c) removal of extracellular Ca2+, and (d) depletion of presynaptic vesicles by local administration of alpha-latrotoxin. DA, Dyn B, and GABA largely satisfied all these criteria. In contrast, Glu and Asp levels were not greatly affected by K+ depolarization and were increased by perfusing with tetrodotoxin or with Ca2+-free medium, arguing against a neuronal origin. However, Glu and Asp, as well as DA and GABA, levels were decreased under both basal and K+-depolarizing conditions by alpha-latrotoxin. Because the effect of K+ depolarization on Glu and Asp could be masked by reuptake into nerve terminals and glial cells, the reuptake blocker dihydrokainic acid (DHKA) or L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) was included in the microdialysis perfusion medium. The effect of K+ depolarization on Glu and Asp levels was increased by DHKA, but GABA levels were also affected. In contrast, PDC increased only Glu levels. It is concluded that there is pool of releasable Glu and Asp in the rat brain. However, extracellular levels of amino acids monitored by in vivo microdialysis reflect the balance between neuronal release and reuptake into surrounding nerve terminals and glial elements.
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| 28. |
- Hillarp, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Myotonic dystrophy revealed at videoradiography of deglutition and speech in adult patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency: presentation of four cases
- 1994
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In: Cleft Palate Journal. - 0009-8701. ; 31:2, s. 125-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) without cleft palate, who appear for the first time in adulthood for treatment, will probably reveal a high percentage of undiagnosed myotonic dystrophy (MD). Videoradiography of deglutition and speech reveals the diagnosis. Eleven adult noncleft palate patients with VPI were studied with videoradiography of the pharynx and esophagus. Three exhibited functional radiographic manifestations of MD during deglutition and speech. The diagnosis confirmed by neurologic examination was not known or suspected prior to videoradiography. An additional patient with VPI and suspected MD displayed the same constellation of radiographic findings. Follow-up examinations confirmed the diagnosis of MD. Three of the four patients had had symptoms of VPI since childhood, but none had complaints of deglutition problems except for accidental nasal regurgitations.
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| 29. |
- Holm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Absence de papillomavirus humain à risque élevé dans le papillome inversé naso-sinusien p16 positif : [Absence of high-risk human papillomavirus in p16 positive inverted sinonasal papilloma]
- 2020
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In: Annales Francaises d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-Faciale. - : Elsevier. - 1879-7261. ; 137:3, s. 186-191
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Le papillome inversé naso-sinusien (PINS) est une tumeur relativement rare dont l’étiologie est mal connue. Elle se caractérise par une agressivité locale et un fort potentiel de récidive en dépit d’une histologie bénigne.Objectif: L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier la présence du papillomavirus humain (HPV) et de son marqueur de substitution, la protéine p16, dans des prélèvements tissulaires de PINS issus d’une cohorte régionale.Matériels et méthodes: À partir de notre cohorte régionale de 88 patients atteints de PINS traités entre 1984 et 2014, 54 sujets ont été sélectionnés et inclus dans cette étude. La technologie PCR a été réalisée sur 53 prélèvements et la coloration immunohistochimique pour recherche de p16 a été réalisée sur 54 prélèvements. L’ADN a été extrait après confirmation histopathologique du PINS. Un génotypage pour 13 types de HPV à risque élevé, 5 types de HPV à risque oncogène et 6 types de HPV à faible risque a été réalisé à l’aide du test de dépistage HPV PapilloCheck®.Résultats: L’analyse HPV a été réalisable sur 38 des 53 prélèvements. Sur ces 38 prélèvements, seuls 2 étaient positifs pour HPV 11. L’analyse immunohistochimique a montré que p16 était présent dans l’épithélium de tous les prélèvements, et dans les régions papillomateuses de 37 prélèvements.Conclusion: Étant donné que seuls 2 sur 38 PINS étaient positifs pour HPV (type 11) et que, dans le même temps, p16 était positif dans l’épithélium de tous les prélèvements et dans 37 des 38 régions papillomateuses, nous avons conclu que p16 ne peut pas être utilisé comme marqueur de substitution pour l’infection HPV à risque élevé dans le PINS. Nous préparons actuellement une étude multicentrique prospective afin d’augmenter la puissance de l’étude et de pouvoir mieux évaluer les implications cliniques de HPV et de p16 dans le PINS.
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| 30. |
- Holm, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Duodenal alkaline secretion in rabbits : influence of artificial ventilation.
- 1990
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In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 138:4, s. 471-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of artificial ventilation on duodenal alkaline secretion and blood flow was studied in sodium pentobarbital-anaesthetized rabbits. A duodenal segment (approximately 3 cm) was cannulated in situ and continuously perfused with isotonic saline, and the bicarbonate secretion was titrated by pH-stat. Compared with the spontaneous breathing state, artificial ventilation improved the respiratory status of the animal, increasing Po2 and decreasing both Pco2 and plasma bicarbonate. Duodenal blood flow as measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry was not altered but the alkaline secretion was reduced. Pretreatment with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (0.5 mg kg-1 i.v., followed by 0.5 mg kg-1 h-1 i.v.) or the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (10 mg kg-1 i.v.) did not affect the decline in duodenal alkaline secretion in response to artificial ventilation. Nor did these pretreatments affect the changes in plasma bicarbonate and Pco2 or significantly alter the blood flow. Increasing Pco2 in the respirator air increased the plasma Pco2 and bicarbonate concentration as well as the duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Pretreatment with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (80 mg kg-1 i.v.) reduced the bicarbonate secretion, and artificial ventilation induced a further reduction. Increasing Pco2 in the respirator in the animals pretreated with acetazolamide did not affect the bicarbonate secretion. Duodenal alkaline secretion was thus always reduced on artificial ventilation. The mechanism for this reduction does not seem to involve the sympathetic nervous system or the blood flow, but appears to be the consequence of alterations in the plasma concentration of bicarbonate and the plasma Pco2.
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| 31. |
- Irestedt, Martin, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
A crowd-sourced genomic project to assess hybrid content in a rare avian vagrant (Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus (Pallas, 1770))
- 2023
-
In: Avian Research. - : Elsevier. - 2053-7166. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to correlate plumage variation with the amount of genomic hybrid content in hybrids between Azure Tits Cyanistes cyanus (Pallas, 1770) and European Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758), by re-sequencing the genomes of museum specimens of non-hybrids and presumed hybrids with varying plumages. The project was funded by crowdsourcing and initiated when two presumed Azure Tits, observed by hundreds of Swedish birdwatchers, were rejected as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations assumed to indicate hybrid contents from the European Blue Tit. The results confirm that hybrids with intermediate plumages, so called Pleske’s Tits, are first generation hybrids (F1 hybrids). Individuals, whose plumages are similar to Azure Tits, but assessed as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations, are all backcrosses but vary in their degree of hybrid content. However, some individuals morphologically recognized as pure Azure Tits expressed similar degrees of hybrid content. The results indicate that: (1) hybrid content may be widespread in Azure Tits in the western part of its habitat distribution; (2) plumage deviation in backcrosses is not linearly correlated with the genetic degree of hybrid origin; and (3) all Azure Tits observed in Europe outside its natural distribution may have some degree of hybrid origin. We therefore suggest that it is very difficult to phenotypically single out hybrids beyond first generation backcrosses. We argue that decreased sequencing costs and improved analytical tools open the doors for museomic crowd-sourced projects that may not address outstanding biological questions but have a major interest for lay citizens such as birdwatchers.
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| 32. |
- Irestedt, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Phylogenetic relationships of typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) and test of incongruence based on Bayes factors
- 2004
-
In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2148. ; 4:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) form a monophyletic and diverse family of suboscine passerines that inhabit neotropical forests. However, the phylogenetic relationships within this assemblage are poorly understood. Herein, we present a hypothesis of the generic relationships of this group based on Bayesian inference analyses of two nuclear introns and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The level of phylogenetic congruence between the individual genes has been investigated utilizing Bayes factors. We also explore how changes in the substitution models affected the observed incongruence between partitions of our data set.
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| 33. |
- Jergling, Alf G, et al.
(author)
-
Fogar i byggnaders ytterväggar
- 1988
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten är utformad som en handbok för hjälp vid dimensionering och utformning av fogar i byggnaders ytterväggar. Boken innehåller en grundläggande problembeskrivning, genomgång av påverkande faktorer, materiallära, dimensionerings- och utformningsanvisningar samt tillämpningsexempel på lämpliga fogutformningar.
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| 34. |
- Lenton, S, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic footprint of sequestration in the molecular fluctuations of osteopontin.
- 2015
-
In: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5662 .- 1742-5689. ; 12:110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sequestration of calcium phosphate by unfolded proteins is fundamental to the stabilization of biofluids supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, such as milk, blood or urine. The unfolded state of osteopontin (OPN) is thought to be a prerequisite for this activity, which leads to the formation of core-shell calcium phosphate nanoclusters. We report on the structures and dynamics of a native OPN peptide from bovine milk, studied by neutron spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. The effects of sequestration are quantified on the nanosecond- ångström resolution by elastic incoherent neutron scattering. The molecular fluctuations of the free phosphopeptide are in agreement with a highly flexible protein. An increased resilience to diffusive motions of OPN is corroborated by molecular fluctuations similar to those observed for globular proteins, yet retaining conformational flexibilities. The results bring insight into the modulation of the activity of OPN and phosphopeptides with a role in the control of biomineralization. The quantification of such effects provides an important handle for the future design of new peptides based on the dynamics-activity relationship.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindholm, E, et al.
(author)
-
Linkage analysis of a Swedish kindred provides further support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p23
- 1999
-
In: American Journal of Medical Genetics. - 0148-7299 .- 1096-8628. ; 88:4, s. 369-377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several reports have indicated genetic linkage between markers on the short arm of chromosome 6 and schizophrenia. However, significant threshold levels were not always achieved, and the chromosomal regions identified are large and different in different families. One way to decrease the problem of heterogeneity is to study a single extended pedigree. Here we report the analysis of a very large, previously undescribed pedigree from northern Sweden that includes 31 affected individuals. We typed 16 markers spanning 40 cM on the short arm of chromosome 6. Linkage analysis was performed only with the affected individuals. Suggestive lod scores (maximum 2.6) were obtained with markers on chromosome 6p23 in a single branch of the large pedigree indicating possible heterogeneity inside the family. A haplotype comprising markers from D6S309 to D6S1578 was found to segregate with the disease. This chromosomal region is included within a segment proposed to contain a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia by many other investigators. Our results thus give further support for a possible localization of a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia in 6p23 and help to narrow the candidate chromosomal region to the segment included between markers D6S309 and D6S1578. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 38. |
- Misiunas, A., et al.
(author)
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Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase in the liquid-crystalline phases of aqueous phytantriol: X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic studies
- 2008
-
In: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 134:3, s. 144-156
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) on the phase behaviour of liquid-crystalline phases of aqueous phytantriol as well as conformational changes of TLL entrapped in the cubic Q(230) phase have been studied by small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), FT-Raman, and FT-IR techniques. It was found that the lipidic Q(230) Phase is able to accommodate up to 10 wt.% of TLL, and the temperature of phase transition to the inverted hexagonal phase H-11 increases indicating stabilizing effect of the protein. FT-Raman analysis of Trp amino acid marker band W3 revealed that the average rotation angle around the C-3 - C-beta bond of four TLL residues of TLL in the Q(230) phase increases. Reasoning from available TLL crystallographic data, this result is explained by structural transition of entrapped protein to so-called "open" and more related to the enzymaticallyactive conformation. TLL secondary structure analysis by amide I and amide III vibrational bands showed that content of alpha-helixes does not change, while a part of beta-sheet structures transforms to less ordered elements upon incorporation of protein into the Q230 phase of aqueous phytantriol. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights served.
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| 39. |
- Monstein, H J, et al.
(author)
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Cholecystokinin-A and cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor mRNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of the rat and man. A polymerase chain reaction study
- 1996
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 31:4, s. 383-390
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are thought to exert trophic effects on the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Two types of receptors have been cloned, CCK-A and CCK-B/ gastrin. We have examined the occurrence of CCK-A and CCK-B receptor mRNA in the brain, digestive tract, pancreas, and kidney of the rat and man by Northern blot and reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from rat tissues and reverse transcribed into cDNA. cDNA from brain, kidney, and pancreas of the rat and man and from human whole stomach were commercially available. Northern blot and a PCR technique based on Taq polymerase-antibody interaction and using CCK-A and CCK-B receptor-specific primers, followed by Southern blot analysis, were the methods used. RESULTS: By means of Northern blots, CCK-A receptor mRNA was detected in rat fundus mucosa and pancreas but not in the remaining GI tract or brain. By means of RT-PCR, CCK-A receptor mRNA was demonstrated in the brain and the mucosa of the fundus, antrum, duodenum, and colon, kidney, pancreas and pancreatic islets. CCK-B receptor mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis in the brain and the fundus mucosa but not in the rest of the digestive tract and not in the pancreas, pancreatic islets, or kidney. By RT-PCR, expression of CCK-B receptor mRNA could also be detected in antrum mucosa. In man, CCK-A receptor mRNA was detected in the brain, stomach, pancreas, and kidney, whereas CCK-B receptor mRNA was found in the brain, stomach, and pancreas but not in the kidney. Cloning and DNA-sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified rat and human CCK-A and CCK-B receptor DNA fragments, which cover the protein-encoding regions of the intracellular loop C3, showed complete sequence homology as compared with published rat and human sequences. CONCLUSIONS: It appears unlikely that CCK will have effects in the ileum, at least not effects mediated by CCK-A receptors. It also appears unlikely that physiologic concentrations of gastrin in the circulation will promote growth (or exert other effects) in the pancreas, duodenum, ileum, and colon, since CCK-B receptor mRNA is not expressed or is poorly expressed in these tissues.
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| 40. |
- Mortazavi, Susanne E., et al.
(author)
-
Acquisition of complement fixing antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum merozoites in infants and their mothers in Uganda
- 2023
-
In: Frontiers in Immunology. - 1664-3224. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Antibody-mediated complement fixation has previously been associated with protection against malaria in naturally acquired immunity. However, the process of early-life development of complement-fixing antibodies in infants, both in comparison to their respective mothers and to other immune parameters, remains less clear. Results: We measured complement-fixing antibodies in newborns and their mothers in a malaria endemic area over 5 years follow-up and found that infants’ complement-fixing antibody levels were highest at birth, decreased until six months, then increased progressively until they were similar to birth at five years. Infants with high levels at birth experienced a faster decay of complement-fixing antibodies but showed similar levels to the low response group of newborns thereafter. No difference was observed in antibody levels between infant cord blood and mothers at delivery. The same result was found when categorized into high and low response groups, indicating placental transfer of antibodies. Complement-fixing antibodies were positively correlated with total schizont-specific IgG and IgM levels in mothers and infants at several time points. At nine months, complement-fixing antibodies were negatively correlated with total B cell frequency and osteopontin concentrations in the infants, while positively correlated with atypical memory B cells and P. falciparum-positive atypical memory B cells. Conclusion: This study indicates that complement-fixing antibodies against P. falciparum merozoites are produced in the mothers and placentally-transferred, and they are acquired in infants over time during the first years of life. Understanding early life immune responses is crucial for developing a functional, long lasting malaria vaccine.
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(author)
-
Five simple guidelines for establishing basic authenticity and reliability of newly generated fungal ITS sequences
- 2012
-
In: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 4, s. 37-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Molecular data form an important research tool in most branches of mycology. A non-trivial proportion of the public fungal DNA sequences are, however, compromised in terms of quality and reliability, contributing noise and bias to sequence-borne inferences such as phylogenetic analysis, diversity assessment, and barcoding. In this paper we discuss various aspects and pitfalls of sequence quality assessment. Based on our observations, we provide a set of guidelines to assist in manual quality management of newly generated, near-full-length (Sanger-derived) fungal ITS sequences and to some extent also sequences of shorter read lengths, other genes or markers, and groups of organisms. The guidelines are intentionally non-technical and do not require substantial bioinformatics skills or significant computational power. Despite their simple nature, we feel they would have caught the vast majority of the severely compromised ITS sequences in the public corpus. Our guidelines are nevertheless not infallible, and common sense and intuition remain important elements in the pursuit of compromised sequence data. The guidelines focus on basic sequence authenticity and reliability of the newly generated sequences, and the user may want to consider additional resources and steps to accomplish the best possible quality control. A discussion on the technical resources for further sequence quality management is therefore provided in the supplementary material.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Nylander, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Elvägars utveckling– Från demonstratorer till storskaligutbyggnad
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den övergripande utvecklingen mot el som energikälla för transporter sker nu snabbt. Förtyngre transporter på väg samlas arbetet kring elvägar, d.v.s. att befintliga vägar förses mednågon teknik där fordon, utefter hela eller delar av vägarna, kan tillföras elenergi under drift.Drivkraften för tyngre kommersiella transportfordon är i huvudsak ekonomisk, relaterat tilltransportköpares kostnader och intäkter samt risker och möjligheter relaterat till bl.a.transporter, transportsystem, arbetsmiljö, tillgång till marknader och påverkan avvarumärke. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv är det helt centralt att övergången till el sker i tid,med bibehållen flexibilitet för framtida teknik och system samt med så lågatransaktionskostnader som möjligt. Till detta kommer en politisk ambition som påverkarmyndigheter, skatter, avgifter och regelverk med en katalyserande och systemförändrandeansats. Det är dock viktigt att notera att den offentliga ambitionen aldrig kommer attresultera i leverans av en lösning om inte transportköparna finner det motiverat att nyttjaelvägar.Utvecklingen mot eldrivna transportsystem är tydlig. Däremot är det fortfarande osäkert hurenergin tillförs eller transporteras i fordonet. Det finns inte EN lösning på detta. Olikatillämpning, teknikutveckling och parters förmåga att ta fungerande lösningar till marknadoch nytta kommer steg för steg att styra utvecklingen. Vi kommer under många år att ha olikasamverkande lösningar, beroende på utveckling, kommersiell mognadsgrad, tillämpning ochbehov. Teknik och affärsekosystem kommer på samma sätt att variera. Varor och tjänstermed kort livslängd ska i dessa modeller kombineras med lösningar med mycket långlivslängd. Utvecklingen ska på ett sätt som gör att finansieringen säkras, och på ett sätt somgör att en komplex samling behov från olika intressenter tillgodoses samtidigt som finansiellaincitament och risker balanseras långsiktigt. Så måste även balansen hållas mellan olikaparters mål och medel, så att forskning och utveckling balanseras med utbyggnad och nytta ikundledet. Arbetet inom FFI-projektet ”Forsknings- och innovationsplattform för elvägar”visar att om sträckan mellan Gävle och Borlänge (120 km) skulle elektrifieras skulleinvesteringen betala sina egna kostnader om den trafikerades av en volym om 190elektrifierade lastbilar, givet samma kostnader för infrastruktur som det pågåendedemonstrationsprojektet visat. Mellan Sandviken och Gävle hamn (30 km) bär det sig med50 elektrifierade lastbilar. Möjligheterna är tydliga, finansieringen möjlig, nyttan sannolik, regelverk och förordningar hanterbara, nu gäller det att hålla igång samarbete och tryck föratt tillsammans få detta på plats, nationellt och internationellt.Ur ett samlat hållbarhetsperspektiv är elektrifiering centralt. Det gäller ekonomisk ochmiljörelaterad hållbarhet men även nationalekonomisk där en nationell komparativ fördel ärvår förmåga att driva på och implementera förändringar i multidisciplinära komplexasamhällssystem. Hållbarhetsfrågan har i detta sammanhang även att göra med vår förmågaatt implementera, bygga ut och nyttja klimatsmart väginfrastruktur. Det kombinerar teknik,finansiering, flexibilitet och hänsyn med behov av konkretisering, beslut, utbyggnad ochimplementering; d.v.s. ytterst om ledarskap i multidisciplinära innovationssystem, någotsom är väldigt svårt men där Sverige genom åren visat sig vara bland de bästa.Det är ett mycket viktigt ansvar för politik och myndigheter att sköta denna balans på ett brasätt. Balansen kräver dialog och samarbete, utefter hela förädlingskedjan, från forskning tillkommersiellt nyttjande. De kommande åren är en spännande utmaning för att lagom snabbt,säkert och till rimlig kostnad balansera offentliga och privata roller så attkonkurrensutsättning, upphandlingsbarhet, innovation och utveckling kombineras medansvar, säkerhet och hållbarhet. En central del i utvecklingen är att det affärsekosystem somomger elvägar identifieras, definieras, utvecklas och i viss mån implementeras. Dettakommer även att variera internationellt, bara jämfört med Tyskland finns olika syn där vissadelar är gemensamma och andra alltid kommer att variera. Denna rapport har ambitionen attbidra med ett första steg för en principiell plattform för fortsatt strategiarbete.Denna rapport bör läsas tillsammans med huvudrapporten från förstudien avaffärsekosystem för elvägar (Håkan Sundelin et.al). Denna rapport har ambitionen att bidratill den första strategiska plattform som Trafikverket arbetar med kring utveckling,uppbyggnad, utrullning och nyttjande av elvägar som pågår.Just dialog, diskussion, överväganden och förankring kombinerat med pådrivning leder tillatt denna rapport bara är ett första steg och att en dialog nu tar vid, där alla utefterförädlingskedjan engageras, bidrar och samlas för att elvägar ska komma till nytta isamhället. Rapporten har inget externt syfte, målgruppen är de redan insatta, varförreferenser, direkta eller indirekta, samt annat underlag utelämnats utom där det har direktrelevans i syfte att hålla rapporten kort, effektiv och fokuserad.
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| 45. |
- Nylander, K., et al.
(author)
-
A non-random deletion in the p53 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma
- 1996
-
In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 73:11, s. 1381-1386
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a retrospective study of the mutational spectrum of the p53 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma, 80 primary tumours diagnosed in 1980-90 were included. Using polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR/SSCP) analysis 47 mutations were found distributed in 39 of the tumours (49%). Unexpectedly, the majority of the mutations (29/47; 62%) were found in exon 8, and at sequencing 17 of them showed a 14 bp deletion in codons 287-292, causing formation of a stop codon and accordingly a truncated protein lacking the C-terminal. The majority of the patients with the 14 bp deletion were women (13/17), and it seemed as though certain potential risk factors for carcinoma of the head and neck were less common in this group.
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| 46. |
- Nylander, O, et al.
(author)
-
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide reduces hydrochloric acid-induced duodenal mucosal permeability.
- 1993
-
In: American Journal of Physiology. - 0002-9513 .- 2163-5773. ; 264:2 Pt 1, s. G272-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The duodenum in anesthetized rats was perfused with HCl, and mucosal integrity was assessed by measuring the clearance of 51Cr-labeled EDTA from blood to lumen and/or by morphological examination (lesion score). Duodenal blood flow was determined by laser Doppler flowmetry and luminal alkalinization as well as H+ disappearance by backtitration. Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 13.5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) increased luminal alkalinization threefold and decreased clearance of 51Cr-EDTA by 50%. VIP also decreased arterial blood pressure and induced a small and irregular decrease in duodenal blood flow. Perfusion with 10 mM HCl increased clearance of 51Cr-EDTA 2.1-fold, but the lesion score was not different from that in saline-perfused animals. Perfusion with 20 mM HCl increased clearance of 51Cr-EDTA four-fold and induced a greater lesion score than did 10 mM. Perfusion with either 10 or 20 mM HCl did not affect the duodenal blood flow. VIP reduced the rise in clearance of 51Cr-EDTA in response to 10 mM but not that to 20 mM HCl. Intravenous injection of prazosin (50 micrograms/kg) decreased luminal alkalinization, clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, blood pressure, and duodenal blood flow. In prazosin-pretreated rats, perfusion with 10 mM HCl increased clearance of 51Cr-EDTA 2.6-fold, and the lesion score was greater in this group than in animals infused with VIP. A positive linear correlation was obtained between HCO3- secretion and the mean rate of H+ disappearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Nylander, Åsa, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Structural and functional analysis of the N-terminal domain of the Streptococcus gordonii adhesin Sgo0707
- 2013
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e63768-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The commensal Streptococcus gordonii expresses numerous surface adhesins with which it interacts with other microorganisms, host cells and salivary proteins to initiate dental plaque formation. However, this Gram-positive bacterium can also spread to non-oral sites such as the heart valves and cause infective endocarditis. One of its surface adhesins, Sgo0707, is a large protein composed of a non-repetitive N-terminal region followed by several C-terminal repeat domains and a cell wall sorting motif. Here we present the crystal structure of the Sgo0707 N-terminal domains, refined to 2.1 Å resolution. The model consists of two domains, N1 and N2. The largest domain, N1, comprises a putative binding cleft with a single cysteine located in its centre and exhibits an unexpected structural similarity to the variable domains of the streptococcal Antigen I/II adhesins. The N2-domain has an IgG-like fold commonly found among Gram-positive surface adhesins. Binding studies performed on S. gordonii wild-type and a Sgo0707 deficient mutant show that the Sgo0707 adhesin is involved in binding to type-1 collagen and to oral keratinocytes.
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| 50. |
- Ploj, Karolina, et al.
(author)
-
Neonatal handling in rats induces long-term effects on dynorphin peptides
- 1999
-
In: Neuropeptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 33:6, s. 468-474
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of neonatal handling on the opioid dynorphin peptides in the brain and pituitary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Ten weeks after the neonatal handling, handled rats had higher tissue levels of dynorphin A and B in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and striatum and slightly higher dynorphin B levels in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata and midbrain as compared with non-handled controls. The results indicate a persistent upregulation of the dynorphin system in certain brain areas after neonatal handling, which could contribute to the behavioural changes in these rats observed later in life. Observation in the open field and the elevated plus-maze tests confirmed behavioural effects of neonatal handling, i.e. showing that handled rats exhibit attenuated fearfulness in novel environments as compared with non-handled rats.
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