| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Så kan Sverige bli ledande nation i resurseffektivitet
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2016-04-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ny rapport. Det svenska näringslivet kan bli mer hållbart, resurssmart och därmed internationellt konkurrenskraftigt. Men för det behövs en tydlig politisk avsiktsförklaring och riktlinjer. Vi har listat sex områden där policyutveckling brådskar, skriver företrädare för näringsliv, forskning och myndigheter i en gemensam uppmaning.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Soot Particle Aggregation on Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence Signals
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 104:2, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a versatile technique for quantitative soot measurements in flames and exhausts. When used for particle sizing, the time-resolved signals are analysed as these will show a decay rate dependent on the soot particle size. Such an analysis has traditionally been based on the assumption of isolated primary particles. However, soot particles in flames and exhausts are usually aggregated, which implies loss of surface area, less heat conduction and hence errors in estimated particle sizes. In this work we present an experimental investigation aiming to quantify this effect. A soot generator, based on a propane diffusion flame, was used to produce a stable soot stream and the soot was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerosol particle mass analyzer coupled in series after a differential mobility analyzer (DMA-APM). Despite nearly identical primary particle size distributions for three selected operating conditions, LII measurements resulted in signal decays with significant differences in decay rate. However, the three cases were found to have quite different levels of aggregation as shown both in TEM images and mobility size distributions, and the results agree qualitatively with the expected effect of diminished heat conduction from aggregated particles resulting in longer LII signal decays. In an attempt to explain the differences quantitatively, the LII signal dependence on aggregation was modelled using a heat and mass transfer model for LII given the primary particle and aggregate size distribution data as input. Quantitative agreement was not reached and reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Dillner, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of past or future sick leave
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may protect against future virus-associated disease is unknown. We invited all employees (n=15,300) at work at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden to participate in a study examining SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in relation to registered sick leave. For consenting 12,928 healthy hospital employees antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 could be determined and compared to participant sick leave records. Subjects with viral serum antibodies were not at excess risk for future sick leave (adjusted odds ratio (OR) controlling for age and sex: 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.85 (0.43-1.68)]. By contrast, subjects with antibodies had an excess risk for sick leave in the weeks prior to testing [adjusted OR in multivariate analysis: 3.34 (2.98-3.74)]. Thus, presence of viral antibodies marks past disease and protection against excess risk of future disease. Knowledge of whether exposed subjects have had disease in the past or are at risk for future disease is essential for planning of control measures.Trial registration: First registered on 02/06/20, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411576.
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| 6. |
- Earon, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Insight into the influence of local streambed heterogeneity on hyporheic-zone flow characteristics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157. ; 28:8, s. 2697-2712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interaction between surface water and groundwater plays a fundamental role in influencing aquatic chemistry, where hyporheic exchange processes, distribution of flow paths and residence times within the hyporheic zone will influence the transport of mass and energy in the surface-water/groundwater system. Geomorphological conditions greatly influence hyporheic exchange, and heterogeneities such as rocks and clay lenses will be a key factor for delineating the hyporheic zone. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to investigate the streambed along a 6.3-m-long reach in order to characterise geological layering and distinct features which may influence parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Time-lapse ERT measurements taken during a tracer injection demonstrated that geological features at the meter-scale played a determining role for the hyporheic flow field. The penetration depth of the tracer into the streambed sediment displayed a variable spatial pattern in areas where the presence of highly resistive anomalies was detected. In areas with more homogeneous sediments, the penetration depth was much more uniformly distributed than observed in more heterogeneous sections, demonstrating that ERT can play a vital role in identifying critical hydraulic features that may influence hyporheic exchange processes. Reciprocal ERT measurements linked variability and thus uncertainty in the modelled resistivity to the spatial locations, which also demonstrated larger variability in the tracer penetration depth, likely due to local heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field.
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| 7. |
- Edfeldt, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cost-utility in middle ear implantation in the 'Nordic School' : a multicenter study in Sweden and Norway
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 134:1, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion: Hearing restoration using an active middle ear implant (AMEI) is a highly cost-effective treatment for a selected group of patients with no other possibilities for auditory rehabilitation. Objectives: To evaluate the cost-utility of using an AMEI for hearing rehabilitation. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, single-subject repeated study in six tertiary referral centers. Twenty-four patients with sensorineural (SNHL), conductive (CHL), and mixed hearing loss (MHL) were implanted with the AMEI Vibrant Soundbridge (R) (VSB) for medical reasons. All patients were previously rehabilitated with conventional hearing aids. Multiple validated quality of life patient questionnaires, Health Utilities Index (HUI 2 and 3), and Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP) were used to determine the utility gain and quality adjusted life years (QALY). Directly related treatment costs for the implantation were calculated and related to utility gain and QALY. Results: The cost/QALY for patients with SNHL was estimated at (sic)7260/QALY, and for patients with C/MHL at (sic)12 503/QALY.
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| 8. |
- Einarsdottir, Berglind Osk, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A patient-derived xenograft pre-clinical trial reveals treatment responses and a resistance mechanism to karonudib in metastatic melanoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Death & Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Karonudib (TH1579) is a novel compound that exerts anti-tumor activities and has recently entered phase I clinical testing. The aim of this study was to conduct a pre-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts to identify the possible biomarkers of response or resistance that could guide inclusion of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma in phase II clinical trials. Patient-derived xenografts from 31 melanoma patients with metastatic disease were treated with karonudib or a vehicle for 18 days. Treatment responses were followed by measuring tumor sizes, and the models were categorized in the response groups. Tumors were harvested and processed for RNA sequencing and protein analysis. To investigate the effect of karonudib on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor activities, tumor-infiltrating T cells were injected in mice carrying autologous tumors and the mice treated with karonudib. We show that karonudib has heterogeneous anti-tumor effect on metastatic melanoma. Thus, based on the treatment responses, we could divide the 31 patient-derived xenografts in three treatment groups: progression group (32%), suppression group (42%), and regression group (26%). Furthermore, we show that karonudib has anti-tumor effect, irrespective of major melanoma driver mutations. Also, we identify high expression of ABCB1, which codes for p-gp pumps as a resistance biomarker. Finally, we show that karonudib treatment does not hamper T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. These findings can be used to guide future use of karonudib in clinical use with a potential approach as precision medicine.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Enochsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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CFRP strengthened openings in two-way concrete slabs : an experimental and numerical study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 21:4, s. 810-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) has been a viable technique for at least a decade. An interesting and useful application is strengthening of slabs or walls where openings are introduced. In these situations, FRP sheets are very suitable; not only because of their strength, but also due to that they are easy to apply in comparison to traditional steel girders or other lintel systems. Even though many benefits have been shown by strengthening openings with FRPs not much research have been presented in the literature. In this paper, laboratory tests on 11 slabs with openings, loaded with a distributed load are presented together with analytical and numerical evaluations. Six slabs with openings have been strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) sheets. These slabs are compared with traditionally steel reinforced slabs, both with (four slabs) and without openings (one slab). The slabs are quadratic with a side length of 2.6 m and a thickness of 100 mm. Two different sizes of openings are used, 0.85 × 0.85 m and 1.2 × 1.2 m. The results from the tests show that slabs with openings can be strengthened with externally bonded CFRP sheets. The performance is even better than for traditionally steel reinforced slabs. The numerical and analytical evaluations show good agreement with the experimental results.
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| 11. |
- Forsberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with Anti-HER2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (CAR-TILs) Is Safe and Associated with Antitumor Efficacy in Mice and Companion Dogs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary CAR-T cells are immune cells equipped with a claw that enable them to bind cancer cells. Usually, CAR-T cells are made using immune cells from blood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that also immune cells that reside in the tumor, so called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can also be modified to carry the claw. This may mean that these cells, called CAR-TILs, will be able to attack cancer cells in two ways, using the claw or binding using its normal protein on the cell surface, the so-called T cell receptor. We show that CAR-TILs can be generated, and that they can kill melanoma cells in cell culture and in mice. Finally, to prepare for clinical trials, we also assess if CAR-TILs can be safe in a human cancer patient-like model, a companion dog suffering from cancer. Our data suggest that CAR-TILs may be a way to treat patients with melanoma but human clinical trials are needed. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a historically poor prognosis, but recent advances in treatment options, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have drastically improved the outcomes for some of these patients. However, not all patients respond to available treatments, and around 50% of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma and almost all patients with metastases of uveal melanoma die of their disease. Thus, there is a need for novel treatment strategies for patients with melanoma that do not benefit from the available therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells are largely unexplored in melanoma. Traditionally, CAR-T cells have been produced by transducing blood-derived T cells with a virus expressing CAR. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can also be engineered to express CAR, and such CAR-TILs could be dual-targeting. To this end, tumor samples and autologous TILs from metastasized human uveal and cutaneous melanoma were expanded in vitro and transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding an anti-HER2 CAR construct. When infused into patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models carrying autologous tumors, CAR-TILs were able to eradicate melanoma, even in the absence of antigen presentation by HLA. To advance this concept to the clinic and assess its safety in an immune-competent and human-patient-like setting, we treated four companion dogs with autologous anti-HER2 CAR-TILs. We found that these cells were tolerable and showed signs of anti-tumor activity. Taken together, CAR-TIL therapy is a promising avenue for broadening the tumor-targeting capacity of TILs in patients with checkpoint immunotherapy-resistant melanoma.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular profiling of driver events in metastatic uveal melanoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic uveal melanoma is less well understood than its primary counterpart, has a distinct biology compared to skin melanoma, and lacks effective treatments. Here we genomically profile metastatic tumors and infiltrating lymphocytes. BAP1 alterations are overrepresented and found in 29/32 of cases. Reintroducing a functional BAP1 allele into a deficient patient-derived cell line, reveals a broad shift towards a transcriptomic subtype previously associated with better prognosis of the primary disease. One outlier tumor has ahigh mutational burden associated with UV-damage. CDKN2A deletions also occur, which are rarely present in primaries. A focused knockdown screen is used to investigate overexpressed genesassociated withcopy number gains. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are in several cases found tumor-reactive, but expression of the immune checkpoint receptors TIM-3, TIGIT and LAG3 is also abundant. This study represents the largest whole-genome analysis of uveal melanoma to date, and presents an updated view of the metastatic disease. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 15. |
- Lundmark, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: En hållbar omställning av energisystemet mot en ökad andel bioenergi
- 2016
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 3 PhD projects: Markets and price formulation (LTU, economics); Technologies and value chains (Chalmers) and; Location and industrial change (LTU, energy engineering). The general system perspective has its starting point in the importance of biomass and bioenergy in the transition to a long-run sustainable energy system and to an efficient spatial resource utilization and production with increased value chains. Focus is on biorefineries. A spatial approach will be applied in combination with national energy system modelling in connection with technological development potentials and industrial applications is linked to the feed-stock supply as well as market and policy issues.
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| 16. |
- Lundmark, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Storskalig utbyggnad av bioraffinaderier: Nya värdekedjor, produkter och effektivt utnyttjande av skoglig biomassa
- 2016
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Utvecklingen av kommersiella bioraffinaderikoncept är av strategisk betydelse för Sveriges utveckling till en biobaserad ekonomi. Bioraffinaderier bidrar till att ersätta fossila med biobaserade råvaror. Dessutom bidrar de till en smartare användning av biomassa, ökat förädlingsvärde samt utvecklingspotentialen av nya bioprodukter. Tekniska potentialer och industriella tillämpningar sammanlänkas med råvaruförsörjning samt marknads-, innovations- och policyaspekter. Projektet är tvärvetenskapligt och omfattar integration av modeller som kan redogöra för samspelet mellan olika sektorer, som inkluderar geografiska variationer av utbud och efterfrågan av skoglig biomassa, och som kan fånga effekterna av förändrade marknadsvillkor och styrmedel. För modellintegrationen kommer verktyg tas fram för att underlätta kommunikation och återkoppling mellan de ingående modellerna. Projektet syftar till att generera ny kunskap och ett modellramverk för avancerade systemanalyser relaterade till (i) den svenska biomassa och dess roll i ett hållbart energisystem och (ii) industriell omvandling av processindustrin i riktning mot ett framtida bioraffinaderi branschen. Genomförandefasen bygger på tre uppgiftsområden.
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| 17. |
- Lundqvist, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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A probability study of finite element analysis of near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer bonded to reinforced concrete
- 2007
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Ingår i: Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures. - Patras : FRPRCS-8 Symposium Secretariat. - 9789608969100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A structure is typically designed for a long life and it is probable that the demands on it change over time, e.g. carry larger loads or fulfill new standards. The structure might also have been exposed to a harsh environment leading to a degradation of its structural capacity. These reasons, and more, may lead to a need for strengthening the structure. Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been shown to be a very effective and advantageous retrofitting technique. The weight-to-strength ratio and resistance to corrosion are some of the advantages. Several different strengthening systems are available with CFRP and a relatively new technique is the near surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) method. As opposed to externally mounted strengthening systems, NSMR is composed of sawing a groove in a concrete member, applying an adhesive in the groove and inserting a CFRP bar. Although the idea of embedding reinforcing tendons in existing structures has been present for several decades [1], acceptance of the method has only been possible with the emergence of the FRP material. As NSMR comprise of the properties and advantages of an ordinary FRP strengthening system, e.g. plates, it also has the benefit of being embedded in the concrete. This means better protection against impact, fire, abrasion and a natural resistance to peeling stresses. Strengthening of concrete members with NSMR have been reported by e.g. [2], [3], [4], and [5]. For NSMR, or indeed for most FRP strengthening techniques, the bond between the concrete and the strengthening material is the most important issue. This is where the transfer of stresses takes place to realize full composite action. The behavior of strengthened reinforced concrete is quite complex and an approach to investigate this is to utilize the finite element (FE) method. Many numerical analyses of reinforced concrete strengthened with CFRP using the FE method have been carried out in recent years. These concern primarily studies of plate bonding though there are a few studies of bonding of NSMR. In [6], concrete beams are strengthened with plates and the analytical shear and peeling stresses are compared with a linear finite element (FE) analysis. Several authors, e.g. [7], have emphasized that sufficiently small elements must be used in a FE analysis to accurately describe stress distributions, particularly at the end of a bonded plate. Teng et al, [8], make further refinement of the FE mesh and examine the interfacial stresses in reinforced concrete beams bonded with a soffit plate. A concern for the element size where stress singularities occur was also raised. Nonlinear FE analyses of reinforced concrete strengthened with NSMR are performed in [3], [4], [5], and [9]. The common failure mode of a strengthening system with plates is in the outermost concrete layer close to the adhesive. This has been reported in many papers, e.g. [9]. The failure mode for NSMR is more complex. It spans from being a failure in the adhesive close to the FRP bar, i.e. pure pullout, to the concrete layer close to the adhesive, as for FRP plates but with the difference that more concrete is dislodged. In between, a mixed mode of failure is present with cracks in both the adhesive and the concrete. Where the failure occurs is determined by geometrical and material parameters. The thickness of the adhesive, the position of the bar in the adhesive, and the bonding length are possible geometrical parameters. Material parameters are the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of the concrete, adhesive and the FRP, and of course the tensile strength of the concrete and adhesive. Also, the configuration and the properties of the internal reinforcement may determine the failure mode. To study the bond behavior of reinforced concrete strengthened with NSMR, a test for CFRP bar pullout was devised. This is illustrated in Figure 1 and is reported in [10]. The concrete beam has a minimum amount of reinforcing steel not shown in the drawing. In this paper, the pullout of a rectangular NSMR CFRP bar bonded to reinforced concrete is studied by a finite element analysis in the linear elastic domain. Also, a Monte Carlo simulation, with the FE model incorporated, is carried out with the purpose of determining which geometrical and material parameters that are the most important for where the tensile strength is attained; in the adhesive or the concrete. The following simplifications have been made in this study; all materials are considered as isotropic and linear elastic, and the FE model utilizes symmetry.
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| 18. |
- Lundqvist, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical analysis of concrete beams strengthened with CFRP : a study of anchorage lengths
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bond Behaviour of FRP in Structures. - : International Institute for FRP in Construction. ; , s. 239-246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advantages of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening have been shown time and again during the last decade. All over the world several thousand structures have been retrofitted using FRP. Buildings and civil structures usually have a very long life and it is not uncommon that the demands on the structure change with time. The structures may have to carry larger loads at a later date or fulfil new standards. In extreme cases, a structure may need repair due to an accident, or due to errors made during the design or construction phase. To guarantee the function of the strengthening properties, anchorage of the FRP is essential. Without sufficient anchorage lengths, full utilization of the strengthening material cannot be achieved, leading to possible premature failure. In this paper, experimental work and numerical analyses of three different Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthening techniques have been carried out. The techniques are externally bonded plates, sheets and the use of Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement (NSMR). The aim is to find a critical anchorage length, where a longer anchorage length does not contribute to the load bearing capacity. Three different anchorage lengths have been investigated; 100, 200 and 500 mm. The finite element program ABAQUS has been used for the numerical study. The results show that a critical anchorage length exists for plates and sheets as well as for NSMR. However, the present study also shows that an exact critical anchorage length may be difficult to estimate, at least with the present test set-up. Further tests and investigations of the constitutive model for the concrete are needed.
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| 19. |
- Malmdin, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Ledare Qvartilen 22-1
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
- Malmdin, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Ledare Qvartilen 22-2
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 21. |
- Malmdin, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Ledare Qvartilen 22-3
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Malmdin, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Ledare Qvartilen 22-4
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 23. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 24. |
- Ny, Lars, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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The PEMDAC phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and entinostat in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors report the results of the phase II PEMDAC clinical study testing the combination of the HDAC inhibitor entinostat with the anti- PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in uveal melanoma. Low tumor burden, a wildtype BAP1 gene in the tumor or iris melanoma correlates with response and longer survival. Preclinical studies have suggested that epigenetic therapy could enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells. We report the results of the PEMDAC phase 2 clinical trial (n = 29; NCT02697630) where the HDAC inhibitor entinostat was combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and was met with an ORR of 14%. The clinical benefit rate at 18 weeks was 28%, median progression free survival was 2.1 months and the median overall survival was 13.4 months. Toxicities were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Objective responses and/or prolonged survival were seen in patients with BAP1 wildtype tumors, and in one patient with an iris melanoma that exhibited a UV signature. Longer survival also correlated with low baseline ctDNA levels or LDH. In conclusion, HDAC inhibition and anti-PD1 immunotherapy results in durable responses in a subset of patients with metastatic UM.
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| 25. |
- Olofsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The idea of a University in times of quality assurance : the voices of Swedish vice chancellors
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECER 2015, 7-11 September, Hungary.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical debate on the idea of the university goes back to the 19th century, originating in the intellectual and humanistic visions of Cardinal John Henry Newman in England and Wilhelm Von Humboldt in Germany. The history of the modern university, the celebration of triumph of reason over dogma and the notion of academic freedom and self-governance, which is even older, was borne of the 12th century Bologna Charter. During the 20th century, this debate continued and somewhat different idealised models of the university were presented (Wyatt 1990). During the 1960–1970s, intellectuals such as Habermas and Parsons sought to protect principles of the Enlightenment from becoming rigidified in factories of mass-produced technical expertise (Habermas 1987; Parsons & Platt 1973). In the 1990s, similar discussions emerged as new public management and academic capitalism continued to make its entry while turning higher education into what some called the “McUniversity in the postmodern consumer society” (Ritzer 1996).In the wake of more recent transformations of the higher education sector, scholars have returned to this debate (O’Byrne & Bond 2014; Rider, Hasselberg Waluszewski 2013). For example, it has been argued that the increasing external (and internal) monitoring, quality assurance and evaluation, together with the continued embracement of NPM, has managed to further erode intellectual ideals and push aside the free pursuit of knowledge. The need for external quality assurance has been questioned: Is not continuous self-evaluation intrinsic to the very discovery of knowledge—to the idea of a university as such? (Jarvis 2014)Against this background, the aim of this paper is to investigate the current ideas of a university in Sweden. Overall, the development in higher education in Sweden appears to follow international trends (Segerholm et al. 2014). Swedish higher education has undergone several reforms from 1993 and onwards that have produced governing tensions which reflect moves of simultaneous deregulation/decentralization/self-governing, and re-regulation/centralization including problems of balancing control/accountability and support (Segerholm et al. 2012). In the words of Segerholm et al. (2014: 7), higher education has ‘moved from being an internally managed “ill-defined problem” (evaluated by professionals themselves who needed leeway to define their own practice) to a “well-defined problem” managed and controlled by external (and internal) “expertise” by way of using indicators and standards’. We know what national and local policies say about the role of higher education—the key words—innovation, quality, internationalization, development, competitiveness, etc.—are all familiar. However, the mainstream agenda for universities constructed and maintained in modalities of the knowledge economy have international, as well as national, opponents (Barnett 2011; Gustafsson 2014).This paper then, more specifically, aims to investigate what responsible key actors have to say on this critical issue. Vice chancellors are such key actors in their capacity as representatives for their universities in the Association of Swedish Higher Education (SUHF). What kind of ideas, conceptions and visions do the vice chancellors express concerning the role of the university today?The study is part of the project ‘Governing by Evaluation in Higher Education in Sweden’, which evaluates the recent reform of quality evaluations in higher education and examines the ways in which it may be understood as governing education. By way of interviewing rectors regarding their ideas of the university, we examine and make sense of these tensions in order to understand ideas, systems and practices within the transformed higher education sector with a particular focus on implications that are related to quality assurance and evaluation. MethodIn order to highlight different, and possibly even contradictory, views on what a university and a university college is, all vice chancellors in Sweden were interviewed. A total of 35 vice chancellors answered our questions on this topic: ‘What characterises a university (university college)’? and ‘What makes it a university (university college)’? All of the interviews were conducted by telephone, recorded and fully transcribed. The analyses of the transcribed interviews were done by qualitative ideology analysis (Bergström & Boréus, 2005) that focused the content and significance of the vice-chancellors’ views on what characterises a university/university college and sought to identify similarities and variations. The universities and university colleges were classified into four categories, including old established, relatively new, regional and aesthetic/musical, in order to investigate possible links between the vice chancellors’ views and type of university. The results will be discussed in relation to the historically dominating forms of what a university is and the current debate on what it should be (e.g., Englund et al 2008, Shattock 2014, Rider et al. 2013, Rider, Hasselberg Waluszewski 2013). Expected OutcomesThe preliminary results indicate four themes by which a university can be characterised. The first theme was based on the so-called knowledge economy with its base in assignments from private companies and the public sector. The focus is on utility. The theme was only represented by a few vice chancellors. In the second theme, rectors from universities and university colleges highlighted their educational mission from the long- and short-term perspective to ensure the general and advanced education and competences. The theme was expressed by vice chancellors from a specialised institution and a younger university. In the third theme, several vice chancellors emphasised that the hallmark of a university is independently commissioned to critically examine and investigate in combination with contributions to innovation and, thus, to society. Some of the rectors from the university and university colleges expressed this view. Vice chancellors representing university colleges often related to their regional mission at the same time as they underlined the university’s more academic standalone tasks. University representatives emphasised the importance of its independent role, combined with the benefits universities can contribute regarding economic and social development. Unlike university colleges, they emphasised the importance of being a world-class university that understands, explains, and improves our world. In the last theme, some of the vice chancellors emphasised the universities’ responsibility for conducting independent research and education, a multi-century-old mission. Representatives of this view were found among some of the rectors from the universities and the aesthetic institutions. One of them put it this way: It would be good if the state didn’t put any obstacles in the way of teaching people to think for themselves. In sum, the pluralism of beliefs regarding the ideals of what a university is, which history and the present have created, are also expressed as realities of the contemporary Swedish University vice chancellors.
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| 26. |
- Olofsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The idea of a University in times of quality assurance: the voices of Swedish vice chancellors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ECER 2015, 7-11 September, Hungary: Education and Transition - Contributions from Educational Research, 2015.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical debate on the idea of the university goes back to the 19th century, originating in the intellectual and humanistic visions of Cardinal John Henry Newman in England and Wilhelm Von Humboldt in Germany. The history of the modern university, the celebration of triumph of reason over dogma and the notion of academic freedom and self-governance, which is even older, was borne of the 12th century Bologna Charter. During the 20th century, this debate continued and somewhat different idealised models of the university were presented (Wyatt 1990). During the 1960–1970s, intellectuals such as Habermas and Parsons sought to protect principles of the Enlightenment from becoming rigidified in factories of mass-produced technical expertise (Habermas 1987; Parsons & Platt 1973). In the 1990s, similar discussions emerged as new public management and academic capitalism continued to make its entry while turning higher education into what some called the “McUniversity in the postmodern consumer society” (Ritzer 1996).In the wake of more recent transformations of the higher education sector, scholars have returned to this debate (O’Byrne & Bond 2014; Rider, Hasselberg Waluszewski 2013). For example, it has been argued that the increasing external (and internal) monitoring, quality assurance and evaluation, together with the continued embracement of NPM, has managed to further erode intellectual ideals and push aside the free pursuit of knowledge. The need for external quality assurance has been questioned: Is not continuous self-evaluation intrinsic to the very discovery of knowledge—to the idea of a university as such? (Jarvis 2014)Against this background, the aim of this paper is to investigate the current ideas of a university in Sweden. Overall, the development in higher education in Sweden appears to follow international trends (Segerholm et al. 2014). Swedish higher education has undergone several reforms from 1993 and onwards that have produced governing tensions which reflect moves of simultaneous deregulation/decentralization/self-governing, and re-regulation/centralization including problems of balancing control/accountability and support (Segerholm et al. 2012). In the words of Segerholm et al. (2014: 7), higher education has ‘moved from being an internally managed “ill-defined problem” (evaluated by professionals themselves who needed leeway to define their own practice) to a “well-defined problem” managed and controlled by external (and internal) “expertise” by way of using indicators and standards’. We know what national and local policies say about the role of higher education—the key words—innovation, quality, internationalization, development, competitiveness, etc.—are all familiar. However, the mainstream agenda for universities constructed and maintained in modalities of the knowledge economy have international, as well as national, opponents (Barnett 2011; Gustafsson 2014).This paper then, more specifically, aims to investigate what responsible key actors have to say on this critical issue. Vice chancellors are such key actors in their capacity as representatives for their universities in the Association of Swedish Higher Education (SUHF). What kind of ideas, conceptions and visions do the vice chancellors express concerning the role of the university today?The study is part of the project ‘Governing by Evaluation in Higher Education in Sweden’, which evaluates the recent reform of quality evaluations in higher education and examines the ways in which it may be understood as governing education. By way of interviewing rectors regarding their ideas of the university, we examine and make sense of these tensions in order to understand ideas, systems and practices within the transformed higher education sector with a particular focus on implications that are related to quality assurance and evaluation.
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| 27. |
- Olofsson, Charlotta S, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired insulin exocytosis in neural cell adhesion molecule-/- mice due to defective reorganization of the submembrane F-actin network.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 150:7, s. 3067-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is required for cell type segregation during pancreatic islet organogenesis. We have investigated the functional consequences of ablating NCAM on pancreatic beta-cell function. In vivo, NCAM(-/-) mice exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and basal hyperinsulinemia. Insulin secretion from isolated NCAM(-/-) islets is enhanced at glucose concentrations below 15 mM but inhibited at higher concentrations. Glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells evoked by low glucose was also severely impaired in NCAM(-/-) islets. The diminution of insulin secretion is not attributable to defective glucose metabolism or glucose sensing (documented as glucose-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) and K(ATP)-channel activity). Resting K(ATP) conductance was lower in NCAM(-/-) beta-cells than wild-type cells, and this difference was abolished when F-actin was disrupted by cytochalasin D (1 muM). In wild-type beta-cells, the submembrane actin network disassembles within 10 min during glucose stimulation (30 mM), an effect not seen in NCAM(-/-) beta-cells. Cytochalasin D eliminated this difference and normalized insulin and glucagon secretion in NCAM(-/-) islets. Capacitance measurements of exocytosis indicate that replenishment of the readily releasable granule pool is suppressed in NCAM(-/-) alpha- and beta-cells. Our data suggest that remodeling of the submembrane actin network is critical to normal glucose regulation of both insulin and glucagon secretion.
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| 28. |
- Olofsson, Hans, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Nationella prov i historia för åk 6 : Några erfarenheter
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Att bedöma i historieämnet. - Uddevalla : Historielärarnas förening. - 9789151976105 ; , s. 113-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vilka utmaningar finns kring bedömning i historia? Under de senaste åren har förutsättningarna för historieundervisning förändrats som en följd av en dramatiskt förändrad bedömningspraktik. Kapitlen i denna bok diskuterar olika aspekter av bedömning i historieämnet. Sammantaget ger de en fördjupad insikt om bedömningspraktiken i det moderna historieämnet, men därutöver får läsaren indirekt bred kunskap om de villkor som gäller för historieundervisning i svensk skola under tidigt 2020-tal.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Olofsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A collagen-based microwell migration assay to study NK—target cell interactions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity is highly dependent on the ability of NK cells to migrate through the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Traditional imaging studies of NK cell migration and cytotoxicity have utilized 2-D surfaces, which do not properly reproduce the structural and mechanical cues that shape the migratory response of NK cells in vivo. In addition, current in vivo imaging does not allow for the accurate long-term single-cell imaging required to dissect the functional heterogeneity of NK cell populations, and importantly, it does not allow studies of human cells. Therefore, it is desirable to implement in vitro migration and killing assays that better mimic in vivo conditions.We have combined a microwell assay that allows long-term imaging and tracking of small, well-defined populations of NK cells with an interstitial ECM-like matrix to more closely approximate in vivo conditions. The microwells, which are loaded with a gel mixture containing NK and target cells, allows for long-term imaging of NK–target cell interactions within a confined 3-D volume. The microwells were optically sectioned by confocal fluorescence microscopy once every 2 min for 12 h. NK cells were tracked by the Baxter Algorithms to assess motility parameters and interactions with target cells were manually scored for duration and outcome.We found marked differences in motility between individual cells with a significant fraction of the cells moving slowly and being confined to a small area within the matrix, while other cells moved more freely, probably reflecting local variations in the matrix structure and inherent difference in motility between individual cells. A majority of NK cells also exhibited transient variation in their mobility alternating between periods of migration arrest and random movement. NK cells that alternated between different modes of migration switched on average once every 3 h.NK cells made fewer and shorter contacts with target cells than in comparable 2-D assays. The difference was particularly pronounced for the process of post-conjugation attachment when NK and target cells separate. The timing of this process is likely influenced by a biomechanical component only present in 3-D environments where the cells are offered multiple anchor points with the matrix that can be used to generate the forces needed to pull apart.The developed microwell-based assay is suitable for 3-D time-lapse imaging of NK cells migration and cytotoxicity. As it allows for experiments with human cells, it could be used as a complement to in vivo imaging to study the influence of e.g. education and cytokine activation on NK cell heterogeneity in migration and cytotoxicity.
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| 31. |
- Olofsson, Per E., et al.
(författare)
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A collagen-based microwell migration assay to study NK-target cell interactions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in tissue is dependent on the ability of NK cells to migrate through the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Traditional imaging studies of NK cell migration and cytotoxicity have utilized 2D surfaces, which do not properly reproduce the structural and mechanical cues that shape the migratory response of NK cells in vivo. Here, we have combined a microwell assay that allows long-term imaging and tracking of small, well-defined populations of NK cells with an interstitial ECM-like matrix. The assay allows for long-term imaging of NK-target cell interactions within a confined 3D volume. We found marked differences in motility between individual cells with a small fraction of the cells moving slowly and being confined to a small volume within the matrix, while other cells moved more freely. A majority of NK cells also exhibited transient variation in their motility, alternating between periods of migration arrest and movement. The assay could be used as a complement to in vivo imaging to study human NK cell heterogeneity in migration and cytotoxicity.
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| 32. |
- Petersson, Jöran, Docent, et al.
(författare)
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Nya kursplanen : Enhetsanalys för attundervisa omhärledda enheter
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Härledda enheter ligger i området proportionalitet, vilket matematikdidaktisk forskning betraktar som både svårt att undervisa och svårt att lära sig. I ett regionalt skolutvecklingsprojekt omformade vi högskolematematikens enhetsanalys (dimensionsanalys) till att passa åk 7-gy då grundidén är att betrakta en storhets enhet, exempelvis kr/kg, och dra slutsatser om hur storheten (kvot eller produkt) ska beräknas. I projektet utvecklade vi både övningsproblem och undervisningsmetoder för detta.
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| 33. |
- Rusinowski, P., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical analysis of two-way concrete slabs with openings strengthened with CFRP
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bridge maintenance, safety, management, life-cycle performance and cost. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0415403154 - 9780415403153 ; , s. 1045-1046, s. 387-390
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers, CFRP, offer excellent corrosion resistance to environmental agents as well as the advantages of high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios when compared to conventional construction materials. Perhaps the biggest advantage of CFRP is its tailorability. One common application for CFRP sheets is to strengthen slabs and walls when openings are to be made. In spite of this, there have not been many studies reported on slabs with openings strengthened with CFRP and especially, not with distributed loading. This paper presents numerical analyses of simply supported two-way concrete slabs with openings strengthened with CFRP sheets. The finite element program ABAQUS is utilized for the analyses. The analyses are compared with full-scale laboratory tests and show a good agreement
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| 34. |
- Sah, Vasu R., et al.
(författare)
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Chemokine Analysis in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Suggests a Role for CCL21 Signaling in Combined Epigenetic Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research Communications. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2767-9764. ; 3:5, s. 884-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma have limited therapeutic options and high mortality rate so new treatment options are needed.Patients and Methods: We previously reported that patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in the PEMDAC trial, experienced clinical benefits if their tu-mor originated from iris or was wildtype for BAP1 tumor suppressor gene. Here we present the 2-year follow-up of the patients in the PEMDAC trial and identify additional factors that correlate with response or survival.Results: Durable responses were observed in 4 patients, with additional 8 patients exhibiting a stable disease. The median overall survival was 13.7 months. Grade 3 adverse events were reported in 62% of the patients, but they were all manageable. No fatal toxicity was observed. Activity of thymidine kinase 1 in plasma was higher in patients with stable disease or who progressed on treatment, compared with those with partial response. Chemokines and cytokines were analyzed in plasma. Three chemokines were significantly different when comparing patients with and without response. One of the factors, CCL21, was higher in the plasma of respond-ing patients before treatment initiation but decreased in the same patients upon treatment. In tumors, CCL21 was expressed in areas resembling ter -tiar y lymphoid structures (TLS). High plasma levels of CCL21 and presence of TLS-like regions in the tumor correlated with longer survival.Conclusions: This study provides insight into durable responses in the PEMDAC trial, and describes dynamic changes of chemokines and cytokines in the blood of these patients.Significance: The most significant finding from the 2-year follow-up study of the PEMDAC trial was that high CCL21 levels in blood was associated with response and survival. CCL21 was also expressed in TLS-like regions and presence of these regions was associated with longer survival. These analyses of soluble and tumor markers can inform on predictive biomark-ers needing validation and become hypothesis generating for experimental research.
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| 35. |
- Saini, Puneet Kumar
(författare)
-
Solar integrated heating systems: Applications in buildings and industries
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Heat is half” of the global final energy consumption, and the decarbonization of the heating sector is critical to achieving climate goals. This thesis employs a system modelling approach to evaluate renewable heating systems. The overarching goal is to reduce fossil fuel reliance by integrating renewable energy technologies, such as solar thermal, photovoltaics, photovoltaic thermal, heat pump, and thermal energy storage in different system concepts. Two primary sectors are addressed: buildings, with a focus on utilizing solar collectors and heat pumps for heating systems in multifamily houses by recovery of waste heat; and industries, utilizing solar collectors for steam generation below 200 °C. The work is centred around five primary research questions, addressing the technical and economic feasibility of the mentioned technologies and their roles in decarbonization.Two system arrangements were simulated to address the heating demands of buildings: a) Centralized heat pump that utilizes ventilation air as a heat source, serving three multifamily buildings, and b) A fifth generation district heating system that utilizes industrial waste heat as its source. The techno-economic performance of these systems was evaluated. The results suggest that the economic viability of such arrangements largely depends on critical factors that include the costs of heat pump sub-stations, prevailing electricity prices, and the cost of waste heat. Incorporating solar air heating collectors and optimizing flow controls enhance both component and system energy efficiency. Moreover, integrating photovoltaic systems, up to a specific capacity, is advantageous as it offers reductions in heating costs.For industrial steam generation, the importance of the solar fraction in technological comparisons is highlighted. Parabolic trough collector and heat pump for steam generation are compared for 34 locations in the European Union, using solar fraction as an indicator. The results highlight the economic competitiveness of both technologies for a wide range of boundary conditions. However, heating costs from solar thermal collectors increase at higher solar fractions, primarily due to the storage costs. This trend sets an economic limit on the maximum feasible solar fraction. As a result, hybrid systems combining solar thermal collectors with steam heat pumps offer a promising combination to achieve a high renewable fraction for industrial applications.Concerns about CO2 emissions from the electricity grid, and its reliability in many countries, necessitate the exploration of alternative system concepts to meet a higher fraction of heating demand. One such novel energy system combines a parabolic trough collector, photovoltaic, and thermal energy storage (using water and sand as storage media) to reach a combined solar fraction of 90 %, while remaining cost-competitive with fossil fuels. The techno-economic performance of solar thermal collectors is system dependent, largely influenced by their integration within industrial systems. Two novel indicators are introduced to quantify the integration incompatibilities, offering insights into the dynamics for specific integration point. Using this method for a case study resulted in an optimized configuration, improving the overall system performance.Collectively, the results are expected to be leveraged by relevant stakeholders to advance the cause of heating decarbonization in buildings and industries.
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| 36. |
- Sandberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Hållbarhetsutvärdering av byggnader : Case Ripan i Kiruna
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability includes several parameters, and these can be measured and valued in many different ways. This study focuses on balancing the various parts to achieve sustainability by minimizing energy for heating and energy to produce the materials used in the building as well as minimizing cost for material investment and cost for heating using optimization techniques. This is balanced together with the environmental impact. This report describes an initial study for sustainability optimization of a smaller building. The goal is to develop a comprehensive approach to provide a broader basis of decisions for new construction.The calculation included the building envelope (exterior walls, roof and floors), interior walls and stabilizing elements for different frames of wood (timber frame and CLT).The result from the Ripan Case shows that the timber frame design has the lowest embodied energy and operating energy, and lowest cost for investment and heating during the operating phase. The environmental impact of the timber frame design was also low.
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| 37. |
- Segerholm, Christina, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing evaluation systems – changing expectations? The case of Swedish higher education
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Symposium Governing by Expectations: School Inspection and Evaluation across Europe and Beyond.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the ‘audit society’ (Power 1997), the idea of systematic evaluations is strongly promoted in contemporary education policy (Ozga et al. 2011). Higher education is not an exception and European policy like the Bologna declaration and the development of common quality indicators are just a few examples. Looking at the national arena, this paper aims at exploring the relation between evaluation systems in Swedish higher education and governing from 1993 and onwards. Theoretically we recognize the dynamic relationship underling both institutional reproduction and change (Mahoney & Thelen 2010). Evaluation systems may change gradually or more dramatically and these dynamics hold implications for governing and for how we can understand expectations of what is to count as, for instance, as ‘good quality’ Hopmann et al. 2007). Official policy texts are used and a qualitative content analysis (Bergström & Boréus 2005) is performed, guided by questions like: What is evaluated? Why? By whom? How? With what consequences? The results suggest that the governing potential in the evaluation systems in higher education in the Swedish case partly relies on the shifts themselves. By constantly changing the systems, expectations are also changed and form one important part of the work of governing.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Stolare, Martin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedes and their history
- 2017
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Ingår i: London Review of Education. - London : Routledge. - 1474-8460 .- 1474-8479. ; 15:2, s. 243-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Taghavi, Hamidreza, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A vibration investigation of a flat surface contact to skull bone for direct bone conduction transmission in sheep skulls in vivo.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. - 1537-4505 .- 1531-7129. ; 34:4, s. 690-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothesis: Bone conduction implant (BCI) attached with a flat surface contact will offer efficient and linear vibration transmission over time. Background: Despite that percutaneous bone conduction devices (PBCD) are successful in treating patients with conductive hearing loss, there are some drawbacks related to the need of a permanent skin penetration. The BCI system is designed as an alternative to the PBCD because it leaves the skin intact. Methods: BCI dummy implants were installed in 3 sheep skulls in vivo to study the vibration transmission characteristics over time. Mechanical point impedances and vibration transfer response functions of the BCI implants were measured at the time of surgery and after a healing period of 8 months. Results: In 1 sheep both implants healed without complications. In the other 2 sheep, the implants were either partially loose or lost to follow up. In the sheep with stable implants, it was found by the resonance frequency shift of the mechanical point impedance that a firmer integration between the implant and bone tissue as seen in osseointegrated surfaces developed over time. It was also shown that the transcranial vibration transmission remains stable and linear. Providing bone chips in the contact between the implant and the bone did not enhance vibration transmission. The surgical procedure for installing the BCI dummy implants was uneventful. Conclusion: The mechanical point impedances and vibration transfer response functions indicate that the BCI implants integrate and that transmission conditions remain stable over time.
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| 41. |
- Östergren, Rickard, 1975-
(författare)
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Mathematical Learning Disability : Cognitive Conditions, Development and Predictions
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present thesis was to test and contrast hypotheses about the cognitive conditions that support the development of mathematical learning disability (MLD). Following hypotheses were tested in the thesis: a) domain general deficit, the deficit is primarily located in the domain general systems such as the working memory, b) number sense deficit, the deficit is located in the innate approximate number system (ANS), c) numerosity coding deficit, the deficit is located to a exact number representation system, d) access deficit, the deficit is in the mapping between symbols and the innate number representational system (e.g., ANS), e) multiple deficit hypothesis states that MLD could be related to more than one deficit.Three studies examined the connection between cognitive abilities and arithmetic. Study one and three compared different groups of children with or without MLD (or risk of MLD). Study two investigated the connection between early number knowledge, verbal working memory and the development of arithmetic ability.The results favoring the multiple deficit hypothesis, more specifically the result indicate that number sense deficit together with working memory functions constitutes risk-factors to the development of MLD in children. A simple developmental model that is based on von Asters and Shalev´s (2007) model and the present results is suggested, in order to understand the development of MLD in children.
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