| 1. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Climate warming and land-use changes drive broad-scale floristic changes in Southern Sweden
- 2018
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 24:6, s. 2607-2621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Land-use changes, pollution and climate warming during the 20th century havecaused changes in biodiversity across the world. However, in many cases, the environmental drivers are poorly understood. To identify and rank the drivers currentlycausing broad-scale floristic changes in N Europe, we analysed data from two vascularplant surveys of 200 randomly selected 2.5 9 2.5 km grid-squares in Scania,southernmost Sweden, conducted 1989–2006 and 2008–2015, respectively, andrelated the change in frequency (performance) of the species to a wide range ofspecies-specific plant traits. We chose traits representing all plausible drivers ofrecent floristic changes: climatic change (northern distribution limit, flowering time),land-use change (light requirement, response to grazing/mowing, response to soildisturbance), drainage (water requirement), acidification (pH optimum), nitrogendeposition and eutrophication (N requirement, N fixation ability, carnivory, parasitism,mycorrhizal associations), pollinator decline (mode of reproduction) andchanges in CO2 levels (photosynthetic pathway). Our results suggest that climatewarming and changes in land-use were the main drivers of changes in the flora duringthe last decades. Climate warming appeared as the most influential driver, withnorthern distribution limit explaining 30%–60% of the variance in the GLMM models.However, the relative importance of the drivers differed among habitat types,with grassland species being affected the most by cessation of grazing/mowing andspecies of ruderal habitats by on-going concentration of both agriculture and humanpopulation to the most productive soils. For wetland species, only pH optimum wassignificantly related to species performance, possibly an effect of the increasinghumification of acidic water bodies. An observed relative decline of mycorrhizal species may possibly be explained by decreasing nitrogen deposition resulting in lesscompetition for phosphorus. We found no effect of shortage or decline of pollinatinglepidopterans and bees.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
- 2016
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common approach to the conservation of farmland biodiversity and the promotion of multifunctional landscapes, particularly in landscapes containing only small remnants of non-crop habitats, has been to maintain landscape heterogeneity and reduce land-use intensity. In contrast, it has recently been shown that devoting specific areas of non-crop habitats to conservation, segregated from high-yielding farmland (“land sparing”), can more effectively conserve biodiversity than promoting low-yielding, less intensively managed farmland occupying larger areas (“land sharing”). In the present paper we suggest that the debate over the relative merits of land sparing or land sharing is partly blurred by the differing spatial scales at which it is suggested that land sparing should be applied. We argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes. Instead we propose an alternative conceptual construct, which we call “multiple-scale land sparing,” targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes. We discuss how multiple-scale land sparing may overcome the apparent dichotomy between land sharing and land sparing and help to find acceptable compromises that conserve biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality.
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| 4. |
- Fagerberg, Nils, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of individual-tree growth models for Picea abies based on a case study of an uneven-sized stand in southern Sweden
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 37:1, s. 45-58
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To develop recommendations for tree selection in Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), access to valid tools for simulating growth at individual tree-level is necessary. To assist efforts to develop such tools, in this study, long-term observation data from two uneven-sized Norway spruce plots in southern Sweden are used to evaluate old and new individual-tree growth models (two established Swedish models, two new preliminary models and included as a reference, a Finnish model). The plots' historical management records and site conditions are the same, but their last thinning treatment differs. Observed diameter increment at tree-level is investigated in relation to treatment. Individual tree growth residuals of tested models are evaluated in relation to tree diameter, treatment, projection length and sensitivity to the predictor mean stand age. Furthermore, the relations between displayed residuals and basal area local competition are analysed. The analyses indicate that active thinning made annual diameter increment independent of tree diameter above a threshold level, while the absence of thinning supported a concave relationship. All tested models displayed a significant linear bias leading to overestimation of small trees' growth and increasing underestimations of larger trees' growth with tree diameter. All distance-independent models displayed residual trends related to local competition.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gjirja, Savo, 1945, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Investigation on the Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation Into the Inlet Duct of a Diesel Engine
- 2000
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In: SAE Technical Papers. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; SP-1551:2000-01-1919, s. 12-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Believed to have a potential in reducing the NOxemission level, hydrogen peroxide was fumigated into theinlet duct of the AVL single cylinder research engine via astandard gasoline injector, normally used in the Volvo850-car engine. A small metallic sphere installed 3 cmdownstream the injector tip, improved the spray formationand the uniform distribution of the fumigated peroxidefluid upstream the intake valve. The hydrogen peroxideflow was varied according to the desired value via anelectronic pulse frequency generator.The engine, equipped with an electronic unit injector, wasinitially run without any fumigation fluid until thespecifications of the engine test point were reached andremained very stable. Further, the hydrogen peroxideinjection was activated with three different injection flows,and the engine performance, including emission levels,was compared to reference performance. To avoidsecondary effects on combustion processes andemission levels, the engine was run with the same fuel/airratio.The most expected effect of the hydrogen peroxidefumigation would be on the NOx emission reduction.However, it was observed that other emissions such asCO and HC were remarkably affected as well.Experimental results have shown that the hydrogenperoxide fumigation affects the engine thermochemistry,but not necessarily the fuel consumption and otherenergetic parameters of the engine. However, theincrease of the fumigation flow above a certain limit coulddeteriorate the combustion quality, thereby increase HC,CO and soot formation levels.Nevertheless, heat release and ignition delay, (evaluatedaccording to the “Dragon” software program andacquisition from “Burst to File” PC based samplingsystem)[1], [3] show that the optimal fumigated flow of thehydrogen peroxide might reduce the ignition delay, andthereby significantly improve the engine thermochemistryoutput.Verified effective possibilities for using hydrogen peroxidefumigation, would lead to a proper version of the intakemanifold design, which would bring to another solution forlow emission level diesel engines
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Phosphorus and carbon availability regulate structural composition and complexity of AM fungal mycelium.
- 2014
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In: Mycorrhiza. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1890 .- 0940-6360. ; 24:6, s. 443-451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The regulation of the structural composition and complexity of the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is not well understood due to their obligate biotrophic nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of extraradical mycelium at high and low availability of carbon (C) to the roots and phosphorus (P) to the fungus. We used monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices) with transformed carrot roots as the host in a cultivation system including a root-free compartment into which the extraradical mycelium could grow. We found that high C availability increased hyphal length and spore production and anastomosis formation within individual mycelia. High P availability increased the formation of branched absorbing structures and reduced spore production and the overall length of runner hyphae. The complexity of the mycelium, as indicated by its fractal dimensions, increased with both high C and P availability. The results indicate that low P availability induces a growth pattern that reflects foraging for both P and C. Low C availability to AM roots could still support the explorative development of the mycelium when P availability was low. These findings help us to better understand the development of AM fungi in ecosystems with high P input and/or when plants are subjected to shading, grazing or any management practice that reduces the photosynthetic ability of the plant.
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| 8. |
- Rydén, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Reproducibility of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 analysis in primary breast cancer: a national survey performed at pathology departments in Sweden.
- 2009
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In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 48:6, s. 860-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HER2 is a treatment predictive factor for the effect of trastuzumab and associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. The analysis of HER2 must be performed with good quality, with regard to both the immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis.A tissue microarray (TMA) including 11 breast cancer samples was sent twice (once in 2005 and again in 2006) to 24 pathology departments in Sweden. A questionnaire was also sent to the departments in 2006.With IHC, all departments reported the same results (0/1+ vs. 2+ vs. 3 + ) for three (2005) and six samples (2006). The mean kappa-value increased from 0.67 to 0.77, indicating a good reproducibility at both occasions. With fluorescence-ISH (FISH), the 11 departments using this technique reported the same results (amplified vs. normal) for nine (2005) and ten samples (2006). The mean kappa-value showed very good reproducibility both 2005 and 2006 (0.92 and 0.96, respectively). Based on the answers from the participating departments, the questionnaire revealed that 31% of primary breast cancer diagnosed in 2006 (n = 5 043) were 2 + /3+. FISH analysis of 2+ confirmed 12% of the samples to be amplified. The corresponding figure for 3 + was 90%. In total, 14.3% of the samples were HER2 positive (2+ and amplified, or 3 + ).The results obtained in this study indicate that the reproducibility for HER2 analysis is good (IHC) and very good (FISH) between the pathology departments in Sweden using TMA-based tumor samples. In 2006, 14.3% of invasive breast cancers were HER2 positive.
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| 9. |
- Sjöblom, Ted, et al.
(author)
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REEDS : Reference data and algorithms for research and development of smart ships
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Swedish Transport Administration Research and Innovation fund for Maritime research funded the project "Reference data and algorithms to support research and development of smart ships". The project goes by the working name, and is communicated as, Reeds. It responds to a synthesis of a number of different needs identified in previous projects and studies. The background to the project is that in recent years the focus has been on developing algorithms to interpret and act on the physical environment around different types of craft. In order to be able to develop and evaluate these algorithms, it has become clear that open datasets and a fair benchmarking platform are required that allow various developers in industries and researchers to evaluate algorithms. In the road vehicle sector, Kitti, as of 2013, is the largest dataset used as a reference dataset. The dataset in this project contains sensor data from several data collection occasions within a maritime context, from high-precision sensors such as cameras, radar, lidar, and IMU. For marine applications, there has been no similar dataset with anywhere near the same amount of data and time synchronisation between sensors. The reference data and reference algorithms were available periodically during the project through an online service where researchers and developers could upload their algorithms to use the dataset.In addition to the dataset itself, Reeds adds additional strengths compared to other reference datasets:- New approach to comparing algorithms fairly, where new algorithms are always compared on a centralised hardware in a cloud service and re-evaluated when new data is added, i.e. an unbiased algorithm evaluation service.- Method that combines NTP and PTP time protocols for synchronisation between the sensors with microsecond accuracy- More types and more modern sensors that can be used at a higher level of abstraction and can thus be applied in more areas.- Sensor fusion of both onboard and land-side sensors- Identify areas of application for navigation and surveillance on land based on the algorithms developed during the project and the use of new sensor types not established in shipping.- The project built up a maritime reference data set that enables the creation of a digital description for the ship's surrounding environment and developed reference algorithms to demonstrate new navigation and monitoring methodology in the area of "enhanced navigation"."Enhanced navigation" is defined under the project as the use of new technology based on developments in digitisation and autonomous functions, where new navigation methods use sensors both on board and ashore to increase maritime safety and robustness. The project has built a web-based user interface referred to in the report as "Crowsnest" that handles these new sensors and visualises this data in a familiar interface similar to an overlay in ECDIS that is openly available for the public to build on. Which was used for the evaluation and concept development of new user interfaces based on feedback from pilots and VTS operators.By providing reference datasets and reference algorithms with demonstrations, researchers and companies now have the opportunity to develop algorithms for the intelligent and autonomous ships of the future.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the geometric aspects of integrating BIM data into city models
- 2020
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In: Journal of Spatial Science. - UK : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1449-8596 .- 1836-5655. ; 65:2, s. 235-255
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is used to acquire three-dimensional(3D) city model data over large areas. However, because of the longALS update cycle, building information models (BIM) could be utilizedto maintain city models. In this study, we designed, implemented, andevaluated a methodology to formalize the integration of BIM data intocity models. CityGML models were created from BIM data and ALS/footprint data based on common modelling guidelines. Both CityGMLbuilding models are modelled in a similar way and the relative differencesbetween the models are on the order of decimetres.
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| 11. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Recent changes in the frequency of plant species and vegetation types in Scania, S Sweden, compared to changes during the twentieth century
- 2019
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In: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on data from three surveys of the vascular flora of the province of Scania, southernmost Sweden, conducted 1938–1971, 1987–2006 and 2008–2015, we analyse the change in frequency of individual species and groups of species associated with particular vegetation types. A majority of all species have experienced a change in frequency since 1938, and this turnover has continued in recent decades. The species showing the most dramatic declines since 1987 represent a mixture of arable weeds, grassland species and ruderals, but excludes forest species. In contrast, a majority of the most increasing species are escapes from cultivation that thrive under shaded conditions. The vegetation types showing the largest decreases since 1987 are all open seminatural grasslands and wetlands, while the vegetation types performing best are wooded. All vegetation types increasing since 1987 also increased during the 1900s; however, species of wooded types performed relatively better in recent decades, as opposed to the minimal increase observed for species of vegetation strongly influenced by human activities. Among decreasing vegetation types, those that have received much attention from conservationists, e.g. sand-steppe andcalcareous fens tend to perform relatively better now than during the 1900s, while those that have received less attention, e.g. poor fens, oligotrophic waters and heaths, now comprise the most rapidly declining vegetation types. A majority of the species that decreased 1938–1996 also decreased 1987–2015, but, in general, species shown to have increased during the 1900s have not continued to increase.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- von Post, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Grön infrastruktur för bevarande av biologisk mångfald
- 2020
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In: ; 7
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Det svenska arbetet med att skapa en grön infrastruktur syftar till att bevara biologisk mångfald, gynna ekosystemtjänster och stärka ekosystemens resiliens mot exempelvis klimatförändringar. Inom det strategiska forskningsområdet BECC (Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate) har vi undersökt de teoretiska förutsättningar och praktiska utmaningar som finns när det gäller att använda grön infrastruktur för att ta ett landskapsperspektiv på bevarandearbetet, och för att skapa samverkan mellan olika landskapsaktörer i detta arbete.
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| 14. |
- von Post, Maria, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish green infrastructure policy as a policy assemblage : What does it do for biodiversity conservation?
- 2023
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In: People and Nature. - : Wiley. - 2575-8314. ; 5:2, s. 839-851
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Green infrastructure (GI) is increasingly used in policymaking to promote biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services through the protection, creation, restoration and connection of natural and man-made green areas. The EU Commission adopted in 2013, the concept as a strategy. When member states apply the policy, it is translated into specific bureaucratic and political systems, creating different ‘policy assemblages’ of ideas and institutional features. We analyse the Swedish GI policy to draw conclusions about how it has been assembled in one particular member state and what that particular assemblage will imply for biodiversity conservation. In combination with understanding policies as assemblages, we use the ‘What's the problem represented to be’-approach as method. We show that the Swedish GI policy assemblage consists of a mix of policy ideas developed in Sweden and the EU. Despite the current strong focus on biodiversity conservation, the notion of land's multifunctionality, characterizing the EU strategy and the possibility to conserve biodiversity on land used for purposes other than conservation increasingly influence the Swedish policy as it is formed. Although the policy has the potential to mainstream biodiversity conservation measures across different sectors, based on our analysis of current discourse, its implementation will likely promote GI measures less disruptive to existing land use activities, making its capacity to halt biodiversity loss marginal. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Social Capital vs Institutions in the Growth Process
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Is social capital always important for economic growth? A number of recent micro studies suggest that interpersonal trust and social capital will have its greatest impact on economic performance when court institutions are relatively weak. The conventional wisdom from macro studies, however, is that social capital is unconditionally good for growth. On the basis of the micro evidence, we outline an investment game between a producer and a lender in an incomplete-contracts setting. A key insight is that social capital will have the greatest e¤ect on the total surplus from the game at lower levels of institutional strength and that the effect of social capital vanishes when institutions are very strong. When we bring this prediction to an empirical cross-country growth regression, it is shown that the marginal e¤ect of social capital (in the form of inter- personal trust) decreases with institutional strength. Our results imply that a one standard deviation rise in social capital in weakly institutionalized Nigeria should increase economic growth by 1.8 percentage points, whereas the same increase in social capital only increases growth by 0.3 percentage points in strongly institutionalized Canada.
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| 18. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable Economic Growth: A Critical Assessment of SDG 8.1
- 2023
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this report, we focus on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 8.1, stipulating that countries should pursue real GDP per capita growth rates that are in accordance with their national circumstances and that total GDP should grow by more than seven percent a year in the least developed countries. We start by briefly discussing the background of this target and then review some of the existing research on economic growth across the world, starting with growth theory and its predictions concerning the convergence of growth rates and income levels in the short and long term. We also review the extensive empirical work on cross-country income and growth regressions that have accumulated during the last three decades, focusing on recent (pre-covid) and historical patterns regarding the fulfillment of the SDG 8.1 targets. We show that a growth rate in total GDP of seven percent per year has only been observed in about 10 percent of all available country-year observations over history. Growth rates exceeding seven percent were relatively frequent among poor countries during 2000-2009 but not during 2009-2019. Since 2000, the relatively high average growth rates among poor countries have implied that their income levels have steadily converged towards those of richer countries, although at a slow pace. This pattern is manifested in longer periods of sustained growth episodes in poor countries and can probably be explained by successful policy reforms. We also show that about a third of all countries managed to have positive economic growth during 2010-19 while at the same time decreasing their emissions of CO2 from production (decoupling). For poor and rich countries alike, the growth prospects post-covid and after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, are uncertain.
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| 19. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(author)
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The Roots of Ethnic Diversity
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The level of ethnic diversity is believed to have significant consequences for economic and political development within countries. In this article, we provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the determinants of ethnic diversity in the world. We introduce a model of cultural and genetic drift where new ethnic groups endogenously emerge among peripheral populations as a response to an insufficient supply of public goods. In line with our model, we find that the duration of human settlements has a strong positive association with ethnic diversity. Ethnic diversity decreases with the length of modern state experience and with distance from the equator. Both "primordial" and "constructivist" hypotheses of ethnic fractionalization thus receive some support by our analysis.
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| 20. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(author)
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The Roots of Ethnic Diversity
- 2012
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In: Journal of Economic Growth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-4338 .- 1573-7020. ; 17:2, s. 71-102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The level of ethnic diversity is believed to have significant consequences for economic and political development within countries. In this article, we provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the determinants of ethnolinguistic diversity in the world. We introduce a model of cultural and genetic drift where new groups endogenously emerge among peripheral populations in response to an insufficient supply of collective goods. In line with our model, we find that the duration of human settlements since prehistoric times has a strong positive association with current levels of ethnolinguistic diversity. Diversity is further negatively correlated with the length of modern state experience and with distance from the equator. Our results are thus consistent with both “evolutionary” and “constructivist” hypotheses of ethnolinguistic fractionalization.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ambrosi, Aurelie, et al.
(author)
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Development of heart block in children of SSA/SSB-autoantibody-positive women is associated with maternal age and displays a season-of-birth pattern
- 2012
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 71:3, s. 334-340
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Congenital heart block may develop in the fetuses of Ro/SSA-positive and La/SSB-positive mothers. Recurrence rates of only 10-20% despite persisting maternal antibodies indicate that additional factors are critical for the establishment of heart block. The authors investigated the influence of other maternal and fetal factors on heart block development in a Swedish population-based cohort. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods The influence of fetal gender, maternal age, parity and time of birth on heart block development was analysed in 145 families, including Ro/La-positive (n=190) and Ro/La-negative (n=165) pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults There was a recurrence rate of 12.1% in Ro/La-positive women, and no recurrence in Ro/La-negative women. Fetal gender and parity did not influence the development of heart block in either group. Maternal age in Ro/La-positive pregnancies with a child affected by heart block was, however, significantly higher than in pregnancies resulting in babies without heart block (pandlt;0.05). Seasonal timing of pregnancy influenced the outcome. Gestational susceptibility weeks 18-24 occurring during January-March correlated with a higher proportion of children with heart block and lower vitamin D levels during the same period in a representative sample of Swedish women and a corresponding higher proportion of children with heart block born in the summer (pandlt;0.02). Maternal age or seasonal timing of pregnancy did not affect the outcome in Ro/La-negative pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion This study identifies maternal age and seasonal timing of pregnancy as novel risk factors for heart block development in children of Ro/La-positive women. These observations may be useful for counselling when pregnancy is considered.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, et al.
(author)
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Drills and Diets, Consumption and Conservation– the Role of Primate Meat in Local Diets in and Around Cross River National Park, Nigeria
- 2017
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In: Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development. - 2233-6192. ; 8:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study uses household level data from four villages inand around Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria to assess therole of primate meat in local livelihoods and diets. Okwangwo is anenclave community within the national park, Butatong houses theCRNP headquarters. Kanyang1 and Abo Ebam are located fartheraway from the park. 149 respondents were surveyed. Sale ofbushmeat contributed 4 percent of total cash income on average, butis important as a source of protein in the context of poorly developedlivestock systems. 98 percent of the households ate bushmeat duringthe past year and 74 percent hunted for consumption. 77 percent atemeat from primates, although this varied from 53 percent in Butatongto 97 percent in Okwangwo. Differences emerge among the villageswith less reliance on bushmeat, less hunting and a dietary shifttowards poultry in Butatong. There is no correlation between incomelevels and consumption of primate meat. The overwhelming motivefor eating primate meat was taste preferences. Solutions tounsustainable extraction of primate meat must be sourced in relationto local consumption. Improving access to animal source foods,through widening the livestock basis of local agrarian
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Per-Ola, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Reduced transforming growth factor-beta1 production by mononuclear cells from patients with active chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
- 2002
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In: British journal of haematology. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 116:4, s. 862-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which activated T-helper (Th) cells and different Th-cell cytokines might play an important role. We have recently reported that chronic ITP patients in remission had elevated plasma levels of the Th3 cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), possibly as a part of a bystander immune suppression. In the present study we found that, in ITP patients with active disease [platelet count (plc) < 50 x 10(9)/l], mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) had a significantly reduced production of TGF-beta1 (444 +/- 178 pg/ml; n = 6) compared with patients with plc 50-150 x 10(9)/l (1293 +/- 374 pg/ml; n = 9; P < 0.05), patients with plc >150 x 10(9)/l (1894 +/- 244 pg/ml; n =12; P <0.005) and healthy controls (1698 +/- 241 pg/ml; n = 10; P < 0.01). Nineteen per cent of ITP patients expressed a platelet-induced PBMC proliferation. Surprisingly, 22% of the ITP patients had a PBMC proliferation below the normal range, i.e. a suppressed proliferation in the presence of platelets; five of these six patients had active disease. In summary, this study demonstrated that chronic ITP patients with active disease had reduced PBMC production of the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta1. This result gives further support to the theory that chronic ITP in active phase is associated with a downregulated Th3-response.
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| 27. |
- Appelstrand, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Påståendet om äldre skogar baseras på en föråldrad hypotes
- 2021
-
In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- REPLIK DN DEBATT 20/4.Fem Lunda-forskare: Modern forskning som direkt mäter koldioxidutbytet mellan skog och atmosfär visar att gamla skogar fortsätter att ta upp och binda koldioxid.Detta är en opinionstext i Dagens Nyheter. Skribenten svarar för åsikter i artikeln.
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| 28. |
- Arkell, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Extraction of Lignin from Kraft Black Liquor by Membrane Filtration
- 2014
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In: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 219-220
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lignin from black liquor in the kraft pulping process is a potential raw material for production of renewable chemicals and fuels. However, an efficient extraction method for the lignin from the black liquor is needed. Therefore, two new processes have been designed, which both utilize membrane filtration for the isolation of lignin from the kraft black liquor. The first one includes precipitation and filtration for the production of a solid lignin, while the second involves a base-catalysed reaction and organic-solvent extraction for the production of a precursor for liquid fuels.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Arkell, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Process performance in lignin separation from softwood black liquor by membrane filtration
- 2014
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In: Chemical Engineering Research & Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8762. ; 92:9, s. 1792-1800
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Black liquor is a side-stream in the production of kraft pulp. The extraction of lignin and hemicelluloses from black liquor would reduce the load on the recovery boiler and give valuable by-products. Lignin was separated from black liquor by membrane filtration, using one ceramic and three polymeric nanofiltration membranes, with molecular weight cut-offs in the range of 200 Da to 1 kDa. Ultrafiltration was tested as a form of pretreatment prior to nanofiltration to separate hemicelluloses from lignin. The use of ultrafiltration prior to nanofiltration increased the flux drastically in the nanofiltration step with three of the membranes. The ceramic membrane exhibited a higher flux and lower lignin retention than the polymeric membranes. The two membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 1 kDa were found to have the best performance in parametric studies, and were therefore used in concentration studies. The results were used for a preliminary economic evaluation of the process. These calculations showed that the most cost-effective alternative for the extraction of lignin was with the polymeric 1 kDa membrane without pretreatment, and that the production cost for a lignin solution with a concentration of 230 g L−1 would be 46 € per ton of lignin.
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| 31. |
- Arnqvist, Goran, et al.
(author)
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Falsk marknadsföring om hållbart skogsbruk
- 2022
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In: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Dagens svenska skogsbruk är inte ekologiskt hållbart. Att saluföra det som hållbart är därför – för att tala klarspråk – falsk marknadsföring, skriver forskare.
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| 32. |
- Arunachalampillai, Athimoolam, et al.
(author)
-
Crystal structure of mu-(cis-1,3-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)cyclohexane-kappa(2)-P,P)-b is[chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I)] - tetrahydrofuran (1:0.5), Ir2Cl2(C8H12)(2)[C8H14P2(C4H9)(4)] center dot 0.5C(4)H(8)O
- 2010
-
In: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. New Crystal Structures. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1433-7266 .- 2197-4578. ; 225:3, s. 451-453
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- C42H78Cl2Ir2O0.50P2, monoclinic, P12(1)/c1 (no. 14), a = 9.1257(1) angstrom, b = 16.8704(2) angstrom, c = 29.4032(4) angstrom, beta = 98.101(1)degrees, V = 4481.6 angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-gt(F) = 0.028, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.063, T = 293 K.
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| 33. |
- Arunachalampillai, Athimoolam, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and characterisation of PCsp3P phosphine and phosphinite iridium complexes. Cyclometallation and dehydrogenation of a cyclohexyl ring.
- 2009
-
In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234 .- 1477-9226. ; :40, s. 8626-8630
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cyclohexyl based pincer phosphine ligand undergoes cyclometalation with an iridium cyclooctadiene precursor to give a highly thermally stable iridium(III) complex where a C(sp3)-H bond has been oxidatively added. This iridium(III) hydride complex is reduced with potassium to give a terminal iridium(I) dinitrogen complex with no tendency to dimerization. The corresponding cyclohexyl phosphinite ligand undergoes reversible dehydrogenation to give the aromatic cyclometalated iridium(III) hydride complex together with 3 equivalents of dihydrogen.
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| 34. |
- Atance, Sara Romeo, et al.
(author)
-
De Novo Drug Design Using Reinforcement Learning with Graph- Based Deep Generative Models
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-960X .- 1549-9596. ; 62:20, s. 4863-4872
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Machine learning provides effective computational tools for exploring the chemical space via deep generative models. Here, we propose a new reinforcement learning scheme to finetune graph-based deep generative models for de novo molecular design tasks. We show how our computational framework can successfully guide a pretrained generative model toward the generation of molecules with a specific property profile, even when such molecules are not present in the training set and unlikely to be generated by the pretrained model. We explored the following tasks: generating molecules of decreasing/increasing size, increasing drug-likeness, and increasing bioactivity. Using the proposed approach, we achieve a model which generates diverse compounds with predicted DRD2 activity for 95% of sampled molecules, outperforming previously reported methods on this metric.
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| 35. |
- Baey, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Calibration of a bumble bee foraging model using Approximate Bayesian Computation
- 2023
-
In: Ecological Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3800. ; 477
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Challenging calibration of complex models can be approached by using prior knowledge on the parameters. However, the natural choice of Bayesian inference can be computationally heavy when relying on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. When the likelihood of the data is intractable, alternative Bayesian methods have been proposed. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) only requires sampling from the data generative model, but may be problematic when the dimension of the data is high. 2. We studied alternative strategies to handle high dimensional data in ABC applied to the calibration of a spatially explicit foraging model for Bombus terrestris. The first step consisted in building a set of summary statistics carrying enough biological meaning, i.e. as much as the original data, and then applying ABC on this set. Two ABC strategies, the use of regression adjustment leading to the production of ABC posterior samples, and the use of machine learning approaches to approximate ABC posterior quantiles, were compared with respect to coverage of model estimates and true parameter values. The comparison was made on simulated data as well as on data from two field studies. 3. Results from simulated data showed that some model parameters were easier to calibrate than others. Approaches based on random forests in general performed better on simulated data. They also performed well on field data, even though the posterior predictive distribution exhibited a higher variance. Nonlinear regression adjustment performed better than linear ones, and the classical ABC rejection algorithm performed badly. 4. ABC is an interesting and appealing approach for the calibration of complex models in biology, such as spatially explicit foraging models. However, while ABC methods are easy to implement, they often require considerable tuning.
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| 36. |
- Bedri, Sahl Khalid, et al.
(author)
-
Plasma protein profiling reveals candidate biomarkers for multiple sclerosis treatment
- 2019
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment options have improved significantly over the past decades, but the consequences of MS can still be devastating and the needs for monitoring treatment surveillance are considerable. In the current study we used affinity proteomics technology to identify potential biomarkers which could ultimately be used to as facilitate treatment decisions. We profiled the intra-individual changes in the levels of 59 target proteins using an antibody suspension bead array in serial plasma samples from 44 MS patients during treatment with natalizumab followed by fingolimod. Nine proteins showed decreasing plasma levels during natalizumab treatment, with PEBP1 and RTN3 displaying the most significant changes. Protein levels remained stable during fingolimod treatment for both proteins. The decreasing PEBP1 levels during natalizumab treatment could be validated using ELISA and replicated in an independent cohort. These results support the use of this technology as a high throughput method of identifying potentially useful biomarkers of MS treatment.
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| 37. |
- Billeter, Markus, 1984, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient stream compaction on wide SIMD many-core architectures
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Graphics. - 9781605586038 ; 2009, s. 159-166
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stream compaction is a common parallel primitive used to remove unwanted elements in sparse data. This allows highly parallel algorithms to maintain performance over several processing steps and reduces overall memory usage.For wide SIMD many-core architectures, we present a novel stream compaction algorithm and explore several variations thereof. Our algorithm is designed to maximize concurrent execution, with minimal use of synchronization. Bandwidth and auxiliary storage requirements are reduced significantly, which allows for substantially better performance.We have tested our algorithms using CUDA on a PC with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX280 GPU. On this hardware, our reference implementation provides a 3x speedup over previous published algorithms.
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| 38. |
- Billeter, Markus, 1984, et al.
(author)
-
Tiled Forward Shading
- 2013
-
In: GPU Pro 4: Advanced Rendering Techniques. - : A K Peters/CRC Press. ; , s. 99-114
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We will explore the tiled forward shading algorithm in this chapter. Tiledforward shading is an extension or modification of tiled deferred shad-ing [Balestra and Engstad 08,Swoboda 09,Andersson 09,Lauritzen 10,Olssonand Assarsson 11], which itself improves upon traditional deferred shadingmethods [Hargreaves and Harris 04, Engel 09]. Tiled forward rendering attempts to combine one of the main advantages of (tiled) deferred rendering, i.e. the reduced amount of lighting computations done, with the advantages of forward rendering. Besides reduced memory requirements (forward rendering does not need the large G-buffer), it also enables transparency [Kircher and Lawrance 09, Enderton et al. 10], multi-sampling schemes [Swoboda 09,Lauritzen 10] and does not force the use of ubershaders if different shading models must be supported.
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| 39. |
- Birkhofer, Klaus, et al.
(author)
-
A framework to identify indicator species for ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes
- 2018
-
In: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 91, s. 278-286
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improving our understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services is crucial for the development of sustainable agriculture. We introduce a novel framework that is based on the identification of indicator species for single or multiple ecosystem services across taxonomic groups based on indicator species analyses. We utilize multi-species community data (unlike previous single species approaches) without giving up information about the identity of species in our framework (unlike previous species richness approaches). We compiled a comprehensive community dataset including abundances of 683 invertebrate, vertebrate and plant species to identify indicator species that were either positively or negatively related to biological control, diversity of red-listed species or crop yield in agricultural landscapes in southern Sweden. Our results demonstrate that some taxonomic groups include significantly higher percentages of indicator species for these ecosystem services. Spider communities for example included a higher percentage of significant positive indicator species for biological control than ground or rove beetle communities. Bundles of indicator species for the analysed ecosystem service potentials usually included species that could be linked to the respective ecosystem service based on their functional role in local communities. Several of these species are conspicuous enough to be monitored by trained amateurs and could be used in bundles that are either crucial for the provision of individual ecosystem services or indicate agricultural landscapes with high value for red-listed species or crop yields. The use of bundles of characteristic indicator species for the simultaneous assessment of ecosystem services may reduce the amount of labour, time and cost in future assessments. In addition, future analysis using our framework in other ecosystems or with other subsets of ecosystem services and taxonomic groups will improve our understanding of service-providing species in local communities. In any case, expert knowledge is needed to select species from the identified subsets of significant indicator species and these species should be validated by existing data or additional sampling prior to being used for ecosystem service monitoring.
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| 40. |
- Birkhofer, Klaus, et al.
(author)
-
Relationships between multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem services along a landscape complexity gradient
- 2018
-
In: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 218, s. 247-253
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The assessment of effects of anthropogenic disturbance on biodiversity (BD) and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships are key priorities of the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Agricultural landscapes and their associated BD provide multiple ES and it is crucial to understand how relationships between ES and BD components change along gradients of landscape complexity. In this study, we related eight ES potentials to the species richness of five invertebrate, vertebrate and plant taxonomic groups in cereal farming systems. The landscape complexity gradient ranged from areas dominated by annually tilled arable land to areas with high proportions of unfertilized, non-rotational pastures and uncultivated field borders. We show that after accounting for landscape complexity relationships between yield and bird richness or biological control became more positive, but relationships between bird richness and biological control became less positive. The relationship between bird and plant richness turned from positive to negative. Multidiversity (overall biodiversity), was positively related to landscape complexity, whereas multifunctionality (overall ES provision), was not significantly related to either one of these. Our results suggest that multidiversity can be promoted by increasing landscape complexity; however; we found no support for a simultaneous increase of several individual ES, BD components or multifunctionality. These results challenge the assumption that bio-diversity-friendly landscape management will always simultaneously promote multiple ES in agricultural landscapes. Future studies need to verify this pattern by using multi-year data, larger sets of ES and BD components and a study design that is appropriate to address larger spatial scales and relationships in several regions.
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| 41. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Structure-activity studies of human beta2-glycoprotein I using capillary electrophoresis
- 2011
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated various modes of CE to evaluate the interaction between beta2-glycoprotein I (b2gpI) and a number of anionic ligands to contribute to the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of b2gpI. b2gpI is a plasma protein which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade under normal, physiological conditions, however, its precise function is undefined. It is also involved in pathological conditions such as the so-called anti-phospholipid syndrome, where anti-b2gpI autoantibodies induce a prothrombotic state. Therefore, functional characterization of b2gpI under near physiological conditions is of interest. To avoid charge-dependent analyte adsorption to the inner surface of the capillary wall, we have utilized the pH hysteresis effect, where an acidic pretreatment of the capillary made it possible to perform subsequent CE analyses of b2gpI at neutral pH. The interaction between b2gpI and the anionic ligand heparin was studied with migration shift ACE, where the ionic strength, temperature and conformation of b2gpI were easily varied. The interaction between b2gpI and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine liposomes are subject to an ongoing investigation by means of migration shift ACE, frontal analysis CE, partial filling CE and pre-equilibration partial filling ACE. We conclude that differential, but relatively low binding affinities that are highly dependent on electrostatic interactions and on a preserved conformation of the protein, characterize its interactions with ligands that in vivo will be present in multiple copies on e.g. cell surfaces. The CE procedure for this study is simple, fast and automatic and quantitative binding affinity parameters are conveniently obtained using small amounts of biological materials.
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| 42. |
- Bohlooly-Yeganeh, Mohammad, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity in bovine GH transgenic mice involves peripheral mechanisms
- 2001
-
In: Endocrinology. ; 142:10, s. 4560-4567
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical and experimental studies indicate a role for GH in mechanisms related to anhedonia/hedonia, psychic energy, and reward. Recently we showed that transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH display increased spontaneous locomotor activity. In the present study, we investigated whether this behavioral change is owing to a direct action of GH in the central nervous system or to peripheral GH actions. A transgenic construct, containing the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter directing specific expression of bovine GH to the central nervous system, was designed. The central nervous system-specific expression of bovine GH in the glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH transgenic mice was confirmed, but no effect on spontaneous locomotor activity was observed. Serum bovine GH levels were increased in glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH transgenic mice but clearly lower than in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH. In contrast to the transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH, glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH mice did not display any difference in serum IGF-I levels. The levels of free T(3) and the conversion of the free T(4) to free T(3) were only increased in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH, but serum corticosterone levels were similarly increased in both transgenic models. These results suggest that free T(3) and/or IGF-I, affecting dopamine and serotonin systems in the central nervous system, may mediate the enhanced locomotor activity observed in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH.
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| 43. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Visual Water : En visualiseringsplattform för dagvatten- och skyfallsplanering i ett klimat under förändring
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Visual Water (http//visualwater.se) är en interaktiv webbaserad visualiseringsplattform som syftar till att stötta svenska kommuner i arbetet för en hållbar dagvatten- och skyfallshantering. Plattformen är utformad för att svara mot centrala utmaningar som lyfts av svenska dagvattenaktörer som befinner sig i skiftet bort från de rörbundna nätverksidealen för avledning av dagvatten och strävar efter en högre grad av grön-blå och öppna lösningar i stadsmiljön.
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| 44. |
- Bolin, Arvid, et al.
(author)
-
Scale-dependent foraging tradeoff allows competitive coexistence
- 2018
-
In: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299. ; 127:11, s. 1575-1585
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In spatially heterogeneous environments, coexistence between competing species can be facilitated by spatially mediated tradeoffs. In this paper we develop a mechanistic model to investigate under which circumstances interspecific differences in the tradeoff between foraging efficiency and travel costs can allow two central place foraging species to coexist in spite of considerable overlap in resource use. One species (Flyer) has a high basal metabolic rate, but a low relative cost of travelling such that it can use patches at a greater distance from its central place while the minimum patch quality it can economically use is high. The other species (Forager), by contrast, has a lower basal metabolic rate, but higher relative cost of travelling, and can therefore be a more efficient forager and able to use foraging patches of low quality, as long as they are not too far from the nest. We demonstrate that the coexistence of these two species critically depends on landscape composition and structure, with the Flyer outcompeting the Forager in structurally simple, coarse-grained, landscapes with abundant high-quality forage and the Forager outcompeting the Flyer in fine-grained highly diverse landscapes. Coexistence between the two species is possible when the landscape is structurally and compositionally complex, fine-grained, and has both high and low quality forage. Our results demonstrate that exploitative competition between two contrasting life histories can produce very different community dynamics depending on landscape composition and structure.
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| 45. |
- Borcan, Oana, 1987, et al.
(author)
-
State History and Economic Development: Evidence from Six Millennia
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- All since the rise of the first civilizations, economic development has been closely intertwined with the evolution of states. In this paper, we contribute to the literature on state history and long-run economic development in four ways. First, we extend and complete the state history index from Bockstette, Chanda and Putterman (2002) by coding the experience with states from the first state origins, 3500 BCE, up until 2000 CE. Second, we explore empirically the relationship between time since transition to agriculture and state age, as well as subsequent state history. Our estimated unconditional correlation implies that a 1000 year earlier transition to agriculture is associated with a 470 years earlier emergence of state institutions. We show how this relationship differs between indigenously- and externally- originated states. Third, we show that the relationship between our extended state history index and current levels of economic development has the shape of an inverted u. The results reflect the fact that countries that were home to the oldest states, such as Iraq, Egypt and China, are poorer today than younger inheritors of their civilizations, such as Germany, Denmark and Japan. This pattern was already in place by 1500 CE and is robust to adjusting for migrations during the colonial era. Finally, we demonstrate a very close relationship between state formation and the adoption of writing.
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| 46. |
- Borcan, O., et al.
(author)
-
State history and economic development: evidence from six millennia
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Economic Growth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-4338 .- 1573-7020. ; 23:1, s. 1-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presence of a state is one of the most reliable historical predictors of social and economic development. In this article, we complete the coding of an extant indicator of state presence from 3500 BCE forward for almost all but the smallest countries of the world today. We outline a theoretical framework where accumulated state experience increases aggregate productivity in individual countries but where newer or relatively inexperienced states can reach a higher productivity maximum by learning from the experience of older states. The predicted pattern of comparative development is tested in an empirical analysis where we introduce our extended state history variable. Our key finding is that the current level of economic development across countries has a hump-shaped relationship with accumulated state history.
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| 47. |
- Borcan, Oana, et al.
(author)
-
Transition to Agriculture and First State Presence: A Global Analysis
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples. Our findings show that this relationship is not markedly different in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination.
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| 48. |
- Borcan, Oana, et al.
(author)
-
Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis
- 2021
-
In: Explorations in Economic History. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4983 .- 1090-2457. ; 82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples and also when we use alternative sources of data at different levels of geographical aggregation. A one millennium earlier transition to agriculture among non-pristine states predicts a 317-430 year earlier state emergence. We uncover differences in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination. The agriculture-state lag is on average 3.1 millennia in internally originated (including pristine) states, and 2.7 millennia in externally originated states. We also explore some of the mechanisms through which agriculture is believed to have influenced the emergence of states. Our results indicate that the rise of social classes was often an intermediate step towards the presence of early states.
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| 49. |
- Borg, Julia, et al.
(author)
-
Oesophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- 2007
-
In: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-5491 .- 0742-3071. ; 24:11, s. 1235-1239
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Gastroparesis is a common gastrointestinal complication in diabetes mellitus, whereas dysfunction in the other gastrointestinal organs has been less thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, it is not known whether there is any relationship between motility and dysmotility between these organs. The aim of this study was to examine whether diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms also have motility disturbances in the oesophagus and stomach and, if so, whether there are any associations between these disturbances. Methods Thirty-one patients with diabetes mellitus who complained of gastrointestinal symptoms were asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms. They were further investigated with oesophageal manometry and gastric emptying scintigraphy. Results Fifty-eight per cent of the patients had abnormal oesophageal function, and 68% had delayed gastric emptying. Abdominal fullness was the only symptom that related to any dysfunction, and it was associated with delayed gastric emptying (P = 0.02). We did not find any relationship in motility or dysmotility between the oesophagus and the stomach. Conclusion Oesophageal dysmotility, as well as gastroparesis, are common in patients with diabetes who have gastrointestinal symptoms. It is important to investigate these patients further, to be able to reach an accurate diagnosis and instigate appropriate treatment. Our findings indicate that the oesophagus and the stomach function as separate organs and that pathology in one does not necessarily mean pathology in the other.
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| 50. |
- Bouras, El houssaine, et al.
(author)
-
Wheat Yield Estimation at High Spatial Resolution through the Assimilation of Sentinel-2 Data into a Crop Growth Model
- 2023
-
In: Remote Sensing. - 2072-4292. ; 15:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring crop growth and estimating crop yield are essential for managing agricultural production, ensuring food security, and maintaining sustainable agricultural development. Combining the mechanistic framework of a crop growth model with remote sensing observations can provide a means of generating realistic and spatially detailed crop growth information that can facilitate accurate crop yield estimates at different scales. The main objective of this study was to develop a robust estimation methodology of within-field winter wheat yield at a high spatial resolution (20 m × 20 m) by combining a light use efficiency-based model and Sentinel-2 data. For this purpose, Sentinel-2 derived leaf area index (LAI) time series were assimilated into the Simple Algorithm for Yield Estimation (SAFY) model using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The study was conducted on rainfed winter wheat fields in southern Sweden. LAI was estimated using vegetation indices (VIs) derived from Sentinel-2 data with semi-empirical models. The enhanced two-band vegetation index (EVI2) was found to be a useful VI for LAI estimation, with a coefficient of determination (R2) and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.80 and 0.65 m2/m2, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the assimilation of LAI derived from Sentinel-2 into the SAFY model using EnKF enhances the estimation of within-field spatial variability of winter wheat yield by 70% compared to the baseline simulation without the assimilation of remotely sensed data. Additionally, the assimilation of LAI improves the accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation by decreasing the RMSE by 53%. This study demonstrates an approach towards practical applications of freely accessible Sentinel-2 data and a crop growth model through data assimilation for fine-scale mapping of crop yield. Such information is critical for quantifying the yield gap at the field scale, and to aid the optimization of management practices to increase crop production.
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