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- Hollinsaid, NL, et al.
(author)
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Hypervigilance: An Understudied Mediator of the Longitudinal Relationship Between Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual-Minority Young Adults
- 2023
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In: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 11:5, s. 954-973
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hypervigilance is often theoretically invoked as a psychological mechanism linking stigma to internalizing psychopathology among sexual minorities. Empirically, however, hypervigilance is rarely explicitly assessed but is instead commonly conflated with putatively related constructs, including sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination, hindering conceptual and mechanistic understandings of this process. We therefore embedded a hypervigilance measure in a longitudinal, population-based study of 811 Swedish sexual-minority young adults (ages 17–34). Hypervigilance—but neither sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity nor rumination, with which it was only weakly correlated ( rs = .23–.24)—uniquely mediated prospective associations between perceived discrimination and internalizing symptoms 2 years later, explaining up to 40% of these effects. Sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination prospectively predicted hypervigilance on these paths. Findings suggest that hypervigilance represents a distinct construct and transdiagnostic mechanism through which stigma-related experiences and processes undermine sexual-minority mental health. We discuss implications for enhancing psychological interventions for sexual minorities by addressing hypervigilance.
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- Maiolatesi, AJ, et al.
(author)
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Development and Validation of Two Abbreviated Intraminority Gay Community Stress Scales
- 2023
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In: Assessment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3489 .- 1073-1911. ; 30:1, s. 84-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social stressors stemming from within the gay community might render gay and bisexual men vulnerable to mental health problems. The 20-item intraminority Gay Community Stress Scale (GCSS) is a reliable measure of gay community stress, but the scale’s length limits its widespread use in sexual minority mental health research. Using three independent samples of gay and bisexual men, the present research developed two abbreviated versions of the GCSS using nonparametric item response modeling and validated them. Results indicated that eight items provided maximal information about the gay community stress construct; these items were selected to form the eight-item GCSS. The eight-item GCSS reproduced the factor structure of the parent scale, and gay community stress scores obtained from it correlated with other identity-specific social stress constructs and mental health symptoms. Associations between gay community stress and mental health symptoms remained significant even after controlling for related identity-specific stressors, general life stress, and relevant demographics. A four-item version was also developed and assessed, showing good structural, convergent, criterion, and incremental validity and adequate reliability. The eight- and four-item versions of the GCSS offer efficient measures of gay community stress, an increasingly recognized source of stress for gay and bisexual men.
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- Scheer, JR, et al.
(author)
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Gender-based Structural Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence Across 28 Countries: A Population-based Study of Women Across Sexual Orientation, Immigration Status, and Socioeconomic Status
- 2022
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In: Journal of interpersonal violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6518 .- 0886-2605. ; 37:11-12, s. NP8941-NP8964
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reducing structural drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV), including gender inequity in education, employment, and health, surrounding women worldwide represents a clear public health priority. Within countries, some women are at disproportionate risk of IPV compared to other women, including sexual minority women, immigrant women, and women in poverty. However, limited research has assessed women’s IPV risk and related circumstances, including police involvement following IPV experiences and IPV-related worry, across sexual orientation, immigration status, and socioeconomic status in a population-based survey of women across countries. Further, few studies have examined IPV against minority women as a function of gender-based structural stigma. This study aimed to determine whether gender-based structural stigma is associated with IPV and related circumstances among European women; examine minority-majority IPV disparities; and assess whether structural stigma is associated with IPV disparities. We used the population-based 2012 Violence Against Women Survey ( n = 42,000) administered across 28 European Union countries: 724 (1.7%) identified as sexual minority, 841 (2.0%) as immigrant, and 2,272 (5.4%) as living in poverty. Women in high gender-based structural stigma countries had a greater risk of past-12-month IPV (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.34) and IPV-related worry (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.15) than women in low structural stigma countries. All minority women were at disproportionate risk of IPV and IPV-related worry compared to majority women. Associations between gender-based structural stigma and IPV and related circumstances differed across minority status. Country-level structural stigma can possibly perpetuate women’s risk of IPV and related circumstances. Associations between structural stigma and IPV and related circumstances for sexual minority women, immigrant women, and women in poverty call for research into the IPV experiences of minority populations across structural contexts.
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- van der Star, A, et al.
(author)
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Country-Level Structural Stigma, School-Based and Adulthood Victimization, and Life Satisfaction Among Sexual Minority Adults: A Life Course Approach
- 2021
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In: Journal of youth and adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6601 .- 0047-2891. ; 50:1, s. 189-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Country-level structural stigma, defined as prejudiced population attitudes and discriminatory legislation and policies, has been suggested to compromise the wellbeing of sexual minority adults. This study explores whether and how structural stigma might be associated with sexual minorities’ school-based and adulthood experiences of victimization and adulthood life satisfaction. Using a sample of 55,263 sexual minority individuals (22% female; 53% 18–29 years old; 85% lesbian/gay, 15% bisexual) living across 28 European countries and a country-level index of structural stigma, results show that sexual minorities, especially men, reported school bullying in both higher- and lower-stigma countries. Higher rates of school bullying were found among sexual minorities living in higher-stigma countries when open about their identity at school. Past exposure to school bullying was associated with lower adulthood life satisfaction, an association partially explained by an increased risk of adulthood victimization. These findings suggest that sexual minorities living in higher-stigma countries might benefit from not being open about their sexual identity at school, despite previously established mental health costs of identity concealment, because of the reduced risk of school bullying and adverse adulthood experiences. These results provide one of the first indications that structural stigma is associated with sexual minority adults’ wellbeing through both contemporaneous and historical experiences of victimization.
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