| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Skoglund, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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From spawner habitat selection to stock-recruitment: Implications for assessment
- 2022
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relationship between the spawning stock size and subsequent number of recruits is a central concept in fisheries ecology. The influence of habitat selection of spawning individuals on the stock-recruitment relationship is poorly known. Here we explore how each of four different spawner behaviors might influence the stock-recruitment relationship and estimates of its parameters in the two most commonly used stock-recruitment functions (Beverton-Holt and Ricker). Using simulated stock-recruitment data generated by four different spawner behaviors applied to multiple discrete habitats, we show that when spawners were distributed proportionally to local carrying capacities, there was small or no bias in estimated recruitment and stock-recruitment parameters. For an ideal free distribution of spawners, larger bias in the estimates of recruitment and stock-recruitment parameters was obtained, whereas a random and a stepwise spawner behavior introduced the largest bias. Using stock-recruitment data corresponding to a "realistic " range of population densities and adding measurement error (20%-60%) to the simulated stock-recruitment data generated larger variation in the estimation bias than what was introduced by the spawner behavior. Thus, for exploited stocks at low population density and where spawning stock size and recruitment cannot be observed perfectly, partial observation of the possible spawner abundance range and measurement error might be of higher concern for management.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bui, Thuy T., et al.
(author)
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Estimating uptake of phthalate ester metabolites into the human nail plate using pharmacokinetic modelling
- 2017
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 100, s. 148-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge regarding uptake of phthalate esters (PEs) and other chemicals into the human nail plate and thus, clarity concerning the suitability of human nails as a valid alternative matrix for monitoring longterm exposure. In particular, the relative importance of internal uptake of phthalate metabolites (from e.g. blood) compared to external uptake pathways is unknown. This study provides first insights into the partitioning of phthalate-metabolites between blood and nail using pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling and biomonitoring data from a Norwegian cohort. A previously published PK model (Lorber PK model) was used in combination with measured urine data to predict serum concentrations of DEHP and DnBP/DiBP metabolites at steady state. Then, partitioning between blood and nail was assessed assuming equilibrium conditions and treating the nail plate as a tissue, assuming a fixed lipid and water content. Although calculated as a worst-case scenario at equilibrium, the predicted nail concentrations of metabolites were lower than the biomonitoring data by factors of 44 to 1300 depending on the metabolite. It is therefore concluded that internal uptake of phthalate metabolites from blood into nail is a negligible pathway and does not explain the observed nail concentrations. Ingtead, external uptake pathways are more likely to dominate, possibly through deposition of phthalates onto the skin/nail and subsequent metabolism. Modelling gaseous diffusive uptake of PEs from air to nail revealed that this pathway is unlikely to be important. Experimental quantification of internal and external uptake pathways of phthalates and their metabolites into the human nail plate is needed to verify these modelling results. However, based on this model, human nails are not a good indicator of internal human exposure for the phthalate esters studied.
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| 10. |
- Cirino, Glauber, et al.
(author)
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Observations of Manaus urban plume evolution and interaction with biogenic emissions in GoAmazon 2014/5
- 2018
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 191, s. 513-524
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As part of the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon 2014/5) Experiment, detailed aerosol and trace gas measurements were conducted near Manaus, a metropolis located in the central Amazon Basin. Measurements of aerosol particles and trace gases were done downwind Manaus at the sites T2 (Tiwa Hotel) and T3 (Manacapuru), at a distance of 8 and 70 km from Manaus, respectively. Based on in-plume measurements closer to Manaus (site T2), the chemical signatures of city emissions were used to improve the interpretation of pollutant levels at the T3 site. We derived chemical and physical properties for the city's atmospheric emission ensemble, taking into account only air masses impacted by the Manaus plume at both sites, during the wet and dry season Intensive Operating Periods (IOPs). At T2, average concentrations of aerosol number (CN), CO and SO2 were 5500 cm(-3) (between 10 and 490 nm), 145 ppb and 0.60 ppb, respectively, with a typical ratio ACN/ACO of 60-130 particles cm(-3) ppb(-1). The aerosol scattering (at RH < 60%) and absorption at 637 nm at T2 ranged from 10 to 50 M m(-1) and 5-10 M m(-1), respectively, leading to a mean single scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.70. In addition to identifying periods dominated by Manaus emissions at both T2 and T3, the plume transport between the two sampling sites was studied using back trajectory calculations. Results show that the presence of the Manaus plume at site T3 was important mainly during the daytime and at the end of the afternoons. During time periods directly impacted by Manaus emissions, an average aerosol number concentration of 3200 cm(-3) was measured at T3. Analysis of plume evolution between T2 and T3 indicates a transport time of 4-5 h. Changes of submicron organic and sulfate aerosols ratios relative to CO (Delta OA/Delta CO and Delta SO4/Delta CO, respectively) indicate significant production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), corresponding to a 40% mass increase in OA and a 30% in SO4 mass concentration. Similarly, during air mass arrival at T3 the SSA increased to 0.83 from 0.70 at T2, mainly associated with an increase in organic aerosol concentration. Aerosol particle size distributions show a strong decrease in the Aitken nuclei mode (10-100 nm) during the transport from T2 to T3, in particular above 30 nm, as a result of efficient coagulation processes into larger particles. A decrease of 30% in the particle number concentration and an increase of about 50 nm in geometric mean diameter were observed from T2 to T3 sites. The study of the evolution of aerosol properties downwind of the city of Manaus improves our understanding of how coupling of anthropogenic and biogenic sources may be impacting the sensitive Amazonian atmosphere.
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| 11. |
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| 14. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Both predation and feeding opportunities may explain changes in survival of Baltic salmon post-smolts
- 2012
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In: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 69, s. 1574-1579
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The survival of wild and hatchery-reared post-smolts of salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea has declined since the 1990s. Direct observations of the processes affecting survival are, however, lacking. Here, the importance of food availability and predation in regulating post-smolt survival is analysed. Based on previous studies, the following explanatory variables were selected: (i) availability of herring (Clupea harengus membras) recruits in the Gulf of Bothnia (Bothnian Sea, Bothnian Bay) in the northern Baltic Sea; (ii) sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) and herring abundance in the southern Baltic Sea; and (iii) abundance of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) along the post-smolt migration route. Bayesian analysis was used to estimate the relative probability of each of the 32 combinations of these variables and revealed that the model including grey seal abundance and herring recruits per post-smolt had the highest posterior probability and a high coefficient of determination. The results suggest that the declining trend in post-smolt survival is explained by the increased number of grey seals, whereas the annual variation in survival coincides with variation in the recruitment of Bothnian Sea herring. However, it remains uncertain whether the observed correlations arise from direct causalities or other mechanisms.
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| 15. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Colonization history and human translocations explain the population genetic structure of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in Fennoscandia: Implications for the management of a critically endangered species
- 2021
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In: Aquatic Conservation: Marine And Freshwaterecosystems. - : Wiley. - 1052-7613 .- 1099-0755. ; 31, s. 1970-1982
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is an endangered freshwater species in Europe. The main threat is from lethal crayfish plague, caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci that has been spread over Europe by introduced North American crayfish species, acting as chronic carriers of the disease. Most of the remaining noble crayfish populations are found in the Baltic Sea area, and there is an urgent need to implement conservation actions to slow down or halt the extinction rate in this region. However, limited knowledge about the genetic structure of populations in this area has so far precluded the development of conservation strategies that take genetic aspects into consideration. Key objectives of this large-scale genetic study, covering 77 locations mainly from northern Europe, were to describe the contemporary population genetic structure of the noble crayfish in the Fennoscandian peninsula (Sweden, Norway, and Finland), taking postglacial colonization history into account, and to evaluate how human activities such as stocking have affected the genetic structure of the populations. Analyses of 15 microsatellite markers revealed three main genetic clusters corresponding to populations in northern, middle, and southern Fennoscandia, with measures of genetic diversity being markedly higher within populations in the southern cluster. The observed genetic structure probably mirrors two main colonizations of the Baltic Sea basin after the last glaciation period. At the same time, several deviations from this pattern were observed, reflecting past human translocations of noble crayfish. The results are discussed in relation to the conservation and management of this critically endangered species. In particular, we recommend increased efforts to protect the few remaining noble crayfish populations in southern Fennoscandia and the use of genetic information when planning stocking activities, such as reintroductions following local extinctions.
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| 16. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Genetisk kartläggning av öring i Mjörn
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I sjön Mjörn, som är belägen i Säveåns vattensystem i Västergötland, förekommer ett bestånd av storvuxen insjööring som klassats som genuint och skyddsvärt. Öringreproduktion förekommer i flera av sjöns tillflöden, men förekomsten av storvuxen, sjövandrande öring har minskat under senare årtionden. Det sätts också ut odlad öring i Mjörn enligt vattendom. Den odlade stam som används för att producera sättfisk till sjön grundades 1969 med lekfisk från ett av Mjörns viktigare tillflöden, och har sedan dess hållits genetiskt isolerad, d.v.s. inget nytt avelsmaterial har tillförts. Syftet med denna studie var att göra en genetisk kartläggning av öringen i Mjörn, vilket inkluderar identifiering av distinkta lekbestånd, skattningar av beståndens genetiskt effektiva storlekar samt ett försök att utreda Mjörnöringens ursprung genom jämförelser med öring från andra områden i Sverige. Resultaten visar att Mjörns öringbestånd är små med relativt låg grad av genetisk variation. Den vilda öring som idag finns i sjöns tillflöden bildar en separat och tydlig grupp i analyser som inkluderar öring från andra områden i Sverige, även om subtila likheter med havsvandrande öring från västkusten framträder i vissa analyser. Samtidigt föreligger tydliga genetiska skillnader inom Mjörn vilket indikerar att genflödet mellan de olika tillflödena är begränsat. Utsättningar av främmande öringstammar, samt förflyttningar av öring mellan vattendrag som mynnar i Mjörn bör därför undvikas. Den odlade stammen avviker markant från den vilda öringen i sjön, och påminner genetiskt sett mest om öring från Gullspångsälven i Vänern. I kombination med uppgifter om tidigare utsättningar pekar de genetiska resultaten på att den lekfisk som användes för att starta upp den odlade stammen i Ålanda sannolikt hade ett stort inslag av Gullspångsöring som tidigare satts ut i sjön. Bevarandevärdet på den odlade stammen kan därför ifrågasättas. Det finns dock alternativa, om än mindre sannolika, förklaringar till de observerade resultaten som inte helt kan uteslutas och bör utredas vidare.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Kunskapsunderlag för hållbar förvaltning av svenska laxbestånd
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) ska under 2023 revidera den nationella förvaltningsstrategi för landets lax- och öringbestånd som ursprungligen togs fram 2015 inom ramen för ett regeringsuppdrag (HaV 2015). I strategin från 2015 inkluderades endast havsvandrande lax och öring i svenska vattendrag upp till första vandringshindret. I den reviderade versionen ska även lax i Vänern ingå, samt öring i samtliga inlandsvatten. HaV har inför revideringen av förvaltningsstrategin beställt två separata kunskapsunderlag från SLU Aqua - ett som behandlar landets laxbestånd och ett med fokus på öring. I detta underlag beskrivs kunskapsläget för landets laxbestånd, som kan delas in i tre geografiska grupper – lax i Östersjön, lax på svenska västkusten och lax i Vänern. Nedan benämns dessa grupper som östersjölax, atlantlax respektive vänerlax. Sammanställningen fokuserar i första hand på hur kunskapsläget och situationen för svenska laxbestånd förändrats sedan den förra förvaltningsstrategin presenterades 2015. I avsnitt 2 beskrivs olika typer av förvaltningsmål, från produktionsmål till mer bevarandeinriktade mål. Avsnitt 3 innehåller resultat från de senaste analyserna av beståndens status och utveckling. Avsnitt 4 sammanfattar dagens laxförvaltning på internationell och nationell nivå. Avsnitt 5 fokuserar på nyvunnen biologisk kunskap av relevans för vidareutveckling av en bestånds- och ekosystembaserad förvaltning, medan tänkbara framtida förvaltningsmodeller för både yrkes- och fritidsfiske efter lax diskuteras i avsnitt 6. Avsnitt 7 behandlar kunskaps- och datainsamlingsbehov, dels i relation till dagens förvaltningssystem och dels med fokus på den framtida förvaltningens förväntade krav på biologisk rådgivning. Vi har i underlaget främst fokuserat på biologisk kunskap och hur denna kan användas för att utveckla laxförvaltningen, men går inte in på andra relevanta aspekter (samhällsekonomi, juridik mm) som ligger utanför vårt kompetensområde.
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| 19. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Post-smolt survival of Baltic salmon in context to changing environmental conditions and predators
- 2017
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In: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 74, s. 1344-1355
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The survival of Baltic salmon Salmo salar during the first year at sea (post-smolt stage) has declined since the beginning of the 1990s. In this analysis, we complement previous studies on possible causes of this decline by considering a suite of environmental parameters, potential change in predation pressure, and post-smolt growth. Marine survival estimates were found to be negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that warming conditions have not favoured survival. Survival was also found to be positively correlated with dissolved oxygen levels and regionally related to shifts in salinity. These relationships were further studied in context to the potential predation on post-smolts by one of the main piscivores in the Baltic, Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias). Concomitant with changes in environmental conditions, Baltic cod has changed its latitudinal range, moving northward in the Baltic, possibly in response to warming conditions. These changes lead us to hypothesize that predation pressure on salmon may have increased in recent years as cod has now occupied habitats used by salmon post-smolts during their southward feeding migrations. This predation may have been intensified as a result of anoxic conditions in the central basin by concentrating predation interactions in coastal waters and/or the upper water column typically occupied by salmon post-smolts. Indicators of post-smolt growth were applied to test the alternate hypothesis that mortality is growth-mediated; these indicators lacked a time series trend, which supports the contention that shifting predation pressure rather than feeding opportunities is responsible for the decline in post-smolt survival in Baltic salmon.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Återetablering av vandrande storöring i övre Österdalälven : en genetisk utvärdering av utsättningar av Siljansöring i biflödet Fjätälven
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie var att göra en genetisk kartläggning av öringen i Österdalälven, samt att utvärdera ett projekt med målsättningen att återintroducera Siljansöring i de övre delarna av Österdalälven genom utsättningar av främst befruktad rom i biflödet Fjätälven. Resultaten är baserade på DNA-analyser av s.k. mikrosatellitmarkörer och visar på en påtaglig populationsstruktur i området. Mer eller mindre tydliga genetiska skillnader observerades mellan i princip samtliga analyserade stickprov av naturligt förekommande öring från området. Sammanfattningsvis bildar öringen i Storån (en av Österdalälvens huvudsakliga tillflöden) en genetiskt distinkt grupp, likaså den i biflödet Grövlan, medan öringen i biflöden längre nedströms i Österdalälven, som Sörälven, Fjätälven och Krypån, bildar en tredje grupp med mindre tydliga genetiska skillnader sinsemellan. Den storvuxna, vandrande öring som hålls på odlingen i Särna och som benämns Siljansöring avvek genetiskt från samtliga stickprov av naturligt förekommande öring i övre Österdalälven med biflöden. Detta gjorde det möjligt att utvärdera utsättningarna i biflödet Fjätälven med hjälp av genetiska analyser. Förekomst av återvändande vuxna individer med genuppsättningar typiska för Siljansöring visar att den utsatta fisken överlevt i området och att andelen storvuxen, vandrande öring successivt har ökat i Fjätälven sedan utsättningarna påbörjades. Den utsatta öringen nyttjar sannolikt Trängslets regleringsmagasin som uppväxtområde. Analyser av datorsimulerade individer av olika ursprung visar vidare att det i framtiden finns möjlighet att studera den utsatta Siljanöringens reproduktiva framgång i Fjätälven, samt utreda i vilken grad stammarna hybridiserar. Analys av storvuxna öringar från andra delar av Österdalälven visar att det även finns en annan storvuxen, vandrande öring naturligt i området, som sannolikt nyttjar främst biflödena Sörälven och Krypån som lekområden. Denna öring påminner genetiskt om den odlade Siljansöring som satts ut i Fjätälven, även om vissa skillnader finns. Det är osäkert om denna stam är att betrakta som en rest av den öring i Österdalälven som innan vattenkraftsutbyggnaden nyttjade Siljan som uppväxtområde, eller om den utgör en storvuxen öringstam som hela tiden nyttjat andra områden längre uppströms under uppväxtfasen (som t.ex. Idresjön och Särnasjön). Resultaten pekar på en påtaglig populationsstruktur i övre Österdalälven, och det kan inte uteslutas att öring från olika populationer anpassats genetiskt till lokala miljöbetingelser. Öringen i området bör därför förvaltas lokalt, vilket bl.a. innebär att utsättningar av främmande öringstammar inte bör ske, och eventuella förflyttningar av öring inom området bör genomföras med hänsyn till den populationsgenetiska struktur som föreligger.
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| 32. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Åtgärder i syfte att stärka svaga lax- och öringbestånd i Bottniska viken
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta biologiska underlag sammanfattar situationen för Bottniska vikens bestånd av lax och havsöring. Underlaget har skrivits efter att Havs- och vattenmyndigheten beställt biologisk rådgivning från SLU Aqua avseende ändrade föreskrifter för fiske i svaga älvar (FIFS 2004:37) samt för svenskt nyttjande och fördelning av laxkvoten (FIFS 2004:25 och 2004:36) med särskilt fokus på skydd av Vindelälvens laxbestånd. Inledningsvis ges en generell beskrivning av laxbeståndens utveckling och hälsostatus där även svaga bestånd som är i behov av akuta förvaltningsåtgärder identifieras. Därefter utvärderas tänkbara förvaltningsåtgärder varav vissa tidigare diskuterats vid ett arbetsmöte mellan Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, Länsstyrelserna i Västerbotten och Norrbotten samt SLU Aqua i Luleå 2018-11-21. I underlaget utvärderas även förslag från Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrland avseende förändrade fiskeregler i och utanför Ljungan. Avslutningsvis ges en kort sammanfattning av havsöringens beståndsstatus samt förslag på åtgärder i vattendragen i syfte att minska negativa effekter av fiske.
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| 33. |
- Delling, Bo, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Genetic signs of multiple colonization events in Baltic ciscoes with radiation into sympatric spring- and autumnspawners confined to early postglacial arrival
- 2014
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 4:22, s. 4346-4360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presence of sympatric populations may reflect local diversification or secondary contact of already distinct forms. The Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) normally spawns in late autumn, but in a few lakes in Northern Europe sympatric autumn and spring- or winter-spawners have been described. So far, the evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status of these main life history forms have remained largely unclear. With microsatellites and mtDNA sequences, we analyzed extant and extinct spring- and autumn-spawners from a total of 23 Swedish localities, including sympatric populations. Published sequences from Baltic ciscoes in Germany and Finland, and Coregonus sardinella from North America were also included together with novel mtDNA sequences from Siberian C. sardinella. A clear genetic structure within Sweden was found that included two population assemblages markedly differentiated at microsatellites and apparently fixed for mtDNA haplotypes from two distinct clades. All sympatric Swedish populations belonged to the same assemblage, suggesting parallel evolution of spring-spawning rather than secondary contact. The pattern observed further suggests that postglacial immigration to Northern Europe occurred from at least two different refugia. Previous results showing that mtDNA in Baltic cisco is paraphyletic with respect to North American C. sardinella were confirmed. However, the inclusion of Siberian C. sardinella revealed a more complicated pattern, as these novel haplotypes were found within one of the two main C. albula clades and were clearly distinct from those in North American C. sardinella. The evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere ciscoes thus seems to be more complex than previously recognized.
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| 34. |
- Enbody, Erik D., et al.
(author)
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Ecological adaptation in European eels is based on phenotypic plasticity
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relative role of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity is of fundamental importance in evolutionary ecology [M. J. West-Eberhard, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (suppl. 1), 6543-6549 (2005)]. European eels have a complex life cycle, including transitions between life stages across ecological conditions in the Sargasso Sea, where spawning occurs, and those in brackish and freshwater bodies from northern Europe to northern Africa. Whether continental eel populations consist of locally adapted and genetically distinct populations or comprise a single panmictic population has received conflicting support. Here we use whole-genome sequencing and show that European eels belong to one panmictic population. A complete lack of geographical genetic differentiation is demonstrated. We postulate that this is possible because the most critical life stages-spawning and embryonic development-take place under near-identical conditions in the Sargasso Sea. We further show that within-generation selection, which has recently been proposed as a mechanism for genetic adaptation in eels, can only marginally change allele frequencies between cohorts of eels from different geographic regions. Our results strongly indicate plasticity as the predominant mechanism for how eels respond to diverse environmental conditions during postlarval stages, ultimately solving a long-standing question for a classically enigmatic species.
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| 35. |
- Giovanoulis, Georgios, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters and DINCH in urine and nails from a Norwegian study population
- 2016
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In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 151, s. 80-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phthalate esters (PEs) and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) used as additives in numerous consumer products are continuously released into the environment, leading to subsequent human exposure which might cause adverse health effects. The human biomonitoring approach allows the detection of PEs and DINCH in specific populations, by taking into account all possible routes of exposure (e.g. inhalation, transdermal and oral) and all relevant sources (e.g. air, dust, personal care products, diet). We have investigated the presence of nine PE and two DINCH metabolites and their exposure determinants in 61 adult residents of the Oslo area (Norway). Three urine spots and fingernails were collected from each participant according to established sampling protocols. Metabolite analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. Metabolite levels in urine were used to back-calculate the total exposure to their corresponding parent compound. The primary monoesters, such as monomethyl phthalate (MMP, geometric mean 89.7 ng/g), monoethyl phthalate (MEP, 104.8 ng/g) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, 893 ng/g) were observed in higher levels in nails, whereas the secondary bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and DINCH oxidative metabolites were more abundant in urine (detection frequency 84-100%). The estimated daily intakes of PEs and DINCH for this Norwegian population did not exceed the established tolerable daily intake and reference doses, and the cumulative risk assessment for combined exposure to plasticizers with similar toxic endpoints indicated no health concerns for the selected population. We found a moderate positive correlation between MEP levels in 3 urine spots and nails (range: 0.56-0.68). Higher frequency of personal care products use was associated with greater MEP concentrations in both urine and nail samples. Increased age, smoking, wearing plastic gloves during house cleaning, consuming food with plastic packaging and eating with hands were associated with higher levels in urine and nails for some of the metabolites. In contrast, frequent hair and hand washing was associated with lower urinary levels of monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5-OH-MEHP), respectively.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Grönwall, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Generation of Affibody (R) ligands binding interieukin-2 receptor alpha/CD25
- 2008
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In: Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. - 0885-4513 .- 1470-8744. ; 50:2, s. 97-112
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Affibody (R) molecules specific for human IL-2R alpha, the IL-2 (interieukin-2) receptor a subunit, also known as CD25, were selected by phage-display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the 58-residue Protein A-derived Z domain. The IL-2R system plays a major role in T-cell activation and the regulation of cellular immune responses. Moreover, CD25 has been found to be overexpressed in organ rejections, a number of autoimmune diseases and T-cell malignancies. The phage-display selection using Fc-fused target protein generated 16 unique Affibody (R) molecules targeting CD25. The two most promising binders were characterized in more detail using biosensor analysis and demonstrated strong and selective binding to CD25. Kinetic biosensor analysis revealed that the two monomeric Affibody (R) molecules bound to CD25 with apparent affinities of 130 and 240 nM respectively. The Affibody (R) molecules were, on biosensor analysis, found to compete for the same binding site as the natural ligand IL-2 and the IL-2 blocking monoclonal antibody 2A3. Hence the Affibody (R) molecules were assumed to have an overlapping binding site with IL-2 and antibodies targeting the IL-2 blocking Tac epitope (for example, the monoclonal antibodies Daclizumab and Basiliximab, both of which have been approved for therapeutic use). Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow-cytometric analysis of CD25-expressing cells demonstrated that the selected Affibody (R) molecules bound to CD4(+) CD25(+) PMBCs (peripheral-blood mononuclear cells), the IL-2-dependent cell line NK92 and phytohaemagglutinin-activated PMBCs. The potential use of the CD25-binding Affibody (R) molecules as targeting agents for medical imaging and for therapeutic applications is discussed.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(author)
-
Spawning migration behavior of salmon and sea trout in the Tornionjoki river system: Interim report 2018‒2019
- 2020
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tornionjoki salmon and sea trout are closely monitored annually with multiple methods. Despite extensive data collection, some fundamental knowledge of the Tornionjoki salmon and sea trout relevant for modern adaptive salmon management is still lacking. Specifically, the in-river migratory behavior and survival of both pre- and post-spawning salmon and sea trout, as well as the distribution of spawning sites, are not well known. In addition, recent observations of sick and dying salmon in the Tornionjoki system, and declining returns reported from many rivers in connection with these observations, are concerning. More knowledge about how the disease symptoms affect behavior and survival of the Tornionjoki salmon is therefore needed. In-river migrations of Tonionjoki salmon and sea trout have been studied in cooperation between Luke and Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU) by means of radio telemetry in 2018‒2019. Radiotagging of salmon was carried out at the estuary from June to July (n = 227) and in the river in spring (May-June, n = 10) and autumn (August-October, n = 38). Sea trout were tagged in the river in spring (May-June, n = 33) and autumn (August-October, n = 59). Samples for age and genetic analysis were taken from all tagged individual, and the visual condition of the fish was classified in conjunction with the tagging. In both study years, a majority (61% in 2018; 83% in 2019) of the salmon tagged at the estuary returned to the sea by the end of July, i.e before spawning. Of the salmon that entered and stayed in the river until spawning, most of them were located below the Kattilakoski echo sounding place (c. 100 km from the sea) during spawning time. The salmon caught and tagged in the river showed a highly varying post-release behavior. In both study years, all salmon tagged in the spring moved downstream and descended to the sea or died during downstream movement. In contrast, all salmon tagged in autumn stayed in the river over the spawning time. Most of them stayed near the tagging site during the autumn, but some of them moved a long distance upstream after release. The tagged sea trout can be divided into two groups based on their migration pattern: (1) immature trout which moved into the lowermost river for overwintering and returned back to the sea in next spring, and (2) mature trout which ascended the river for spawning. The second group can be further divided into trout which entered the lowermost river in autumn and overwinter there before continuing to the spawning areas next spring, and trout which entered the river in springtime and continued to the spawning areas within the same season. In spawning time, autumn 2019, tagged trout were located in the main stem Tornionjoki and Muonionjoki, as well as in the tributaries Naamijoki, Äkäsjoki, Parkajoki and Merasjoki.
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| 39. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(author)
-
Spawning migration of salmon and sea trout in the Tornionjoki river
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this collaborative project between the Natural Resources Institute (Luke) and the Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), the migratory behaviour and survival of Tornionjoki (Torneälv in Swedish) salmon and sea trout were studied between 2018‒2021 by the means of radiote-lemetry. Altogether, 227 and 92 salmon were tagged at the Tornionjoki estuary and in the river, respectively. 114 sea trout were tagged in the river. Scale samples and fin clips for age-ing and genetic identification were taken from all the tagged specimens. The external condi-tion of the tagged specimen was also documented (wounds, skin colour, degree of haemor-rhage etc.). Moreover, a separate follow-up of the external condition of salmon caught in trap nets was conducted in 2020‒2021 at sea near the river mouth.The post-release behaviour of salmon tagged at the estuary was markedly different from that normally expected: a large majority (61% and 83% in 2018 and 2019, respectively) of the salmon which ascended the river after tagging aborted their riverine migration on the lower river and returned to the sea during the summer (i.e., before spawning season). Those salmon which stayed in the river until spawning time predominantly stayed on the lowermost 100 km of the river. More varying migration patterns were observed among the salmon tagged in the river. All specimens caught and tagged during the early summer of 2018 and 2019 started to drift downstream after their release and none of them was alive in the river at spawning time. However, about half of the specimens tagged in the river in early summer 2020 and 2021 continued their upstream migration and were alive in the river at spawning time. Salmon tagged in late summer 2018‒2020 stayed alive in the river and almost half of them also moved further upstream by spawning time. A large majority of salmon overwintered in the river after spawning and returned to the sea in spring. The majority of the salmon caught in the estuary had various external damages (wounds, scale losses, fin damages, and skin haem-orrhage). Most of the damages, however, were regarded as minor. No correlation between the occurrence of damages and the post-tagging behaviour of salmon could be detected.Based on the data obtained from tagged sea trout, two distinct groups of trout were recog-nised: (1) non-mature trout which ascended the river in autumn and returned to the sea in spring after overwintering in river, and (2) maturing trout which ascended the river in autumn, overwintered in the river, and continued their upstream spawning migration the following summer. Specimens belonging to either of these groups typically overwintered in the same short lowermost stretch of the river, although some of the maturing trout overwintered fur-ther upstream. At spawning season, tagged trout were located both on the main stem (Torni-onjoki and Muonionjoki rivers) and in several tributaries (Naamijoki, Äkäsjoki, Parkajoki, Paka-joki and Merasjoki rivers). After spawning time, trout which were observed in the tributaries usually moved back to the main stem where they overwintered and descended to the sea the next spring. Both the immature and the maturing overwintering trout descended to the sea at almost the same time in spring.The results of the project highlight the sensitivity of salmon to handling at/around the time of their river ascent in early summer. This sensitivity is likely linked to the recent health problems observed among Tornionjoki salmon and may have induced the unexpected (and seemingly maladaptive) migratory behaviour of salmon observed in the study. The in-river and sea to river movements observed for the Tornionjoki sea trout provides very useful information for efforts to protect this species and strengthen its stock status. In general, mature Tornionjoki sea trout have a two year in-river migratory cycle in connection with spawning, and hence spend a large majority of their life in the river, which underlines the need for good management of the riverine environment and river fisheries.
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| 40. |
- Ignatowicz, Monika, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
ISO-PARAFFINS AS LOW TEMPERATURE SECONDARY FLUIDS
- 2017
-
In: 5TH IIR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TRANSFER PROCESSES OF REFRIGERANTS (TPTPR). - : INT INST REFRIGERATION. ; , s. 436-442
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethylene and propylene glycol water based secondary solutions are very popular due to their low corrosivity character, low freezing point, high boiling point and low fire hazards. The main drawback of ethylene glycol solutions is its potential toxicity both to the environment, animals and food products. Therefore, propylene glycol is the most common substitute for ethylene glycol. The biggest disadvantage of propylene glycol solutions is its very high viscosity at low temperatures, which results in higher pumping power and lower system performance. For very low temperatures, it is common to use non-aqueous synthetic fluids, which have lower viscosities at these temperatures. Thus, the aim of this paper is to propose a new generation of synthetic iso-paraffins having better thermophysical properties compared to existing synthetic products used for very low temperature applications. The first results showed that the new generation of iso-paraffins having the freezing temperature of - 50 degrees C or lower had significantly lower viscosity (between 75 % and 98 %) at very low temperatures compared to 60 wt-% propylene glycol (PG 60 %) and 60 wt-% ethylene glycol solution (EG 60 %). Iso-paraffin 1 showed better performance than iso-paraffin 2 by giving the lowest freezing point, the lowest dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity as well as the highest thermal conductivity. Instead, iso-paraffin 2 had higher specific heat capacity. As seen, the different composition of iso-paraffin mixture can result in different properties and operating temperature ranges. Thus, iso-paraffins could become an interesting alternative for very low temperature cooling applications.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Laikre, Linda, et al.
(author)
-
Spatial genetic structure of northern pike (Esox lucius) in the Baltic Sea
- 2005
-
In: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 14:7, s. 1955-1964
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The genetic relationships among 337 northern pike (Esox lucius) collected from the coastal zone of the central Baltic region and the Finnish islands of Åland were analysed using five microsatellite loci. Spatial structure was delineated using both traditional F-statistics and individually based approaches including spatial autocorrelation analysis. Our results indicate that the observed genotypic distribution is incompatible with that of a single, panmictic population. Isolation by distance appears important for shaping the genetic structure of pike in this region resulting in a largely continuous genetic change over the study area. Spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran’s I) of individual pairwise genotypic data show significant positive genetic correlation among pike collected within geographical distances of less than c. 100–150 km (genetic patch size). We suggest that the genetic patch size may be used as a preliminary basis for identifying management units for pike in the Baltic Sea.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Concordance of allozyme and microsatellite differentiation in a marine fish, but evidence of selection at a microsatellite locus.
- 2007
-
In: Molecular ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 16, s. 1135-1147
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have reported higher levels of divergence for microsatellites than for allozymes in several species, suggested to reflect stabilizing selection on the allozymes. We compared the differentiation patterns of 11 allozyme and nine microsatellite loci using 679 spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) collected in the Baltic and North Seas to test for differential natural selection on these markers. Observed distributions of F statistics for the two types of markers are conspicuously dissimilar, but we show that these differences can largely be explained by sampling phenomena caused by different allele frequency distributions and degrees of variability. The results show consistently low levels of differentiation for both marker types, with the exception of one outlier microsatellite locus with a notably high F(ST). The aberrant pattern at this locus is primarily due to two alleles occurring at markedly high frequencies in the Baltic, suggesting selection at this locus, or a closely linked one. When excluding this locus, the two marker types show similar, weak differentiation patterns with F(ST) values between the Baltic and the North Seas of 0.001 and 0.002 for allozymes and microsatellites, respectively. This small heterogeneity, and weak isolation by distance, is easier to distinguish statistically with microsatellites than with allozymes that have fewer alleles and skewed frequency distributions. The allozymes, however, also detect surprisingly low levels of divergence. Our results support suggestions that previously described differences between marker types are primarily caused by a small number of outlier loci.
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| 46. |
- Ljunggren, Stefan, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Modified lipoproteins in periodontitis : a link to cardiovascular disease?
- 2019
-
In: Bioscience Reports. - : Portland Press. - 0144-8463 .- 1573-4935. ; 39:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a strong association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders. A key event in the development of atherosclerosis is accumulation of modified lipoproteins within the arterial wall. We hypothesize that patients with periodontitis have an altered lipoprotein profile towards an atherogenic form. Therefore, this study aims at identifying modifications of plasma lipoproteins in periodontitis. Lipoproteins from ten female patients with periodontitis and gender- and age-matched healthy controls were isolated by density-gradient-ultracentrifugation. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and identified by map-matching or by nano-liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. ApoA-I methionine oxidation, Oxyblot, total antioxidant capacity and a multiplex of 71 inflammation-related plasma proteins were assessed.Reduced levels of apoJ, phospholipid transfer protein, apoF, complement C3, paraoxonase 3 and increased levels of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, apoA-II, apoC-III were found in HDL from the patients. In LDL/VLDL, the levels of apoL-1 and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase as well as apo-B fragments were increased. Methionine oxidation of apoA-I was increased in HDL and showed a relationship with periodontal parameters. Alpha-1 antitrypsin and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein were oxidised in LDL/VLDL and antioxidant capacity was increased in the patient group. 17 inflammation-related proteins were important for group separation with the highest discriminating proteins identified as IL-21, Fractalkine, IL-17F, IL-7, IL-1RA and IL-2.Patients with periodontitis have an altered plasma lipoprotein profile, defined by altered protein levels as well as posttranslational and other structural modifications towards an atherogenic form, which supports a role of modified plasma lipoproteins as central in the link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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| 47. |
- Lundqvist, H, et al.
(author)
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Monitoring Juvenile Atlantic Salmon and Sea Trout in the River Sävarån, Northern Sweden
- 2010
-
In: Conservation Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats. - Netherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402092770 - 9781402092787 ; , s. 207-218
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wild salmon stocks have declined worldwide (NRC 1996) . In many Baltic Sea riversmost wild populations of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) and anadromous trout(sea trout, Salmo trutta L.) have been destroyed, with the remaining stocks foundprimarily in rivers within northern Sweden and Finland. Here they suffer high ratesof fishery exploitation, while hydropower regulation and the re-engineering of riversfor floating timber has led to the loss of spawning and rearing habitat and to a lossof connectivity among habitats (McKinnell 1998) .To remain viable in the face of demographic and environmental stochasticity,salmonid populations require a certain level of abundance, positive growth rates,adequate spatial structure, and access to (connectivity among) habitats of sufficientquantity and quality to express their life history and genetic diversity (McElhanyet al . 2000) . To understand what is limiting their productivity and viability anddevelop conservation actions for these threatened populations, we need informationon both the freshwater and marine phases of the salmon and sea trout life cycles.The Salmon Action Plan (SAP) 1997–2010 was adopted by IBSFC (InternationalBaltic Sea Fishery Commission), and states that by 2010 natural production inBaltic rivers should be >50% of the maximum production potential. To date, maximumnatural production levels have primarily been based on expert knowledge ratherthan empirical estimates (e.g. WGBAST 2008) . The Swedish Government nowrecognises the need for index rivers to obtain reliable estimates of abundance,productivity, population structure, and to collect the information on life-historydiversity needed to manage salmonid stocks.From 2005 to 2008, a pilot study was implemented in the River Sävarån (a small,unregulated forest river in northern Sweden), to monitor the downstream migrationsof salmon and trout, and explore its suitability as an index river. Rotary screwtraps were used to investigate the abundance of smolts as well as their timing, sizeand age, and to obtain samples to analyse the genetic composition of the stock. Parrdensities from electro-fishing surveys were compared with screw-trap data to determinewhether the two approaches produced similar smolt production estimates.
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| 48. |
- Magnusson, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Kunskapsunderlag för hållbar förvaltning av svenska öringbestånd
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Öringen har en komplex livscykel och bestånd kan innehålla varierande grad av stationära och vandrande individer. Öringen finns i många miljöer, från havet till fjällsjöar, och har bland annat krav på goda strömvattenmiljöer, fria vandringsvägar och en god miljö i kustområdet. Många bestånd av öring är generellt sett små och därför känsliga för negativ miljöpåverkan och fiske. Risken för genetisk utarmning är stor i små och reproduktivt isolerade populationer. Där möjlighet finns har dock öringen i regel ett genutbyte med andra närliggande populationer, vilket minskar riskerna för förlust av genetisk variation och inavel samt medför ökad återhämtningsförmåga. Dagens bestånd av havsöring är generellt svagare än historiskt, då stora arealer i rinnande vatten inte längre kan nås på grund av vandringshinder. Fisket efter öring domineras av fritidsfiske vars fångstmängder och omfattning är dåligt kända.För att skatta öringens beståndsstatus behöver specifika uppföljningsbara förvaltningsmål för öring tas fram. Förekomsten av många små bestånd medför svårigheter (och höga kostnader) för övervakning och bedömning av beståndsstatus för enskilda lokala bestånd. Förvaltningen av öring bör därför vara områdesbaserad, där varje område har liknande miljö- och påverkansfaktorer. Förvaltningen bör även vara ekosystembaserad och adaptiv, för att snabbt kunna anpassas till rådande förhållanden (torka och andra påverkansfaktorer). Adaptiv förvaltning kräver flexibla regelverk och en i övrigt transparent förvaltning, samt datainsamling/övervakning i typiska öringvattendrag spridda över hela landet inklusive ett antal representativa (för enskilda förvaltningsområden) ”indexvattendrag” med utökad datainsamling.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(author)
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Low compartment pressure and myoglobin levels in tibial fractures with suspected acute compartment syndrome.
- 2019
-
In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 20:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The intense ischemic pain of acute compartment syndrome can be difficult to discriminate from the pain related to an associated fracture. Lacking objective measures, the decision to perform fasciotomy is often only based on clinical findings and performed at a low threshold. Biomarkers of muscle cell damage might help to identify and monitor patients at risk. In patients with fractures, however, markers of muscle cell damage could be elevated because of other reasons associated with the trauma, which would make interpretation difficult. In a review of all patients who underwent emergency fasciotomy in our health care district we aimed to investigate the decision-making process and specifically the use of biomarkers in patients with and without fractures.METHODS: In the southeast health care region of Sweden 79 patients (60 men) with fractures (median age 26 years) and 42 patients (34 men) without associated fractures (median age 44 years) were treated with emergency fasciotomy of the lower leg between 2007 and 2016. Differences in clinical findings, p-myoglobin and p-creatine phosphokinase as well as pressure measurements were investigated.RESULTS: P-myoglobin was analyzed preoperatively in 20% of all cases and p-creatine phosphokinase in 8%. Preoperative levels of p-myoglobin were lower in patients with fractures (median 1065 μg/L, range 200-3700 μg/L) compared with those without fractures (median 7450 μg/L, range 29-31,000 μg/L), p < 0.05. Preoperative intracompartmental pressure was lower in the fracture group (median 45 mmHg, range 25-90 mmHg) compared with those without fractures (median 83 mmHg, range 18-130 mmHg), p < 0.05.CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers are seldom used in the context of acute fasciotomy of the lower leg. Contrary to our expectations, preoperative levels of p-myoglobin and intracompartmental pressures were lower in fracture patients. These findings support differences in the underlying pathomechanism between the groups and indicate that biomarkers of muscle cell necrosis might play a more important role in the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome than previously thought.
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