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- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Lara Avila, Samuel, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Triggered Conductance Switching in Single-Molecule Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Junctions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:37, s. 18372-18377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Derivatives of 1,1-dicyano-1,8a-dihydroazulene (DHA) undergo light-induced ring-opening to a corresponding vinylheptafulvene (VHF), which in turn is thermally reverted to DHA. Here we have fabricated single-molecule DHA/VHF junctions and measured light-triggered conductance switching of these junctions. The DHA/VHF system studied includes a substituent group at the seven-membered ring. Light-induced conversion of this DHA to VHF in the junction is supported by a reduced tunnelling gap in tunnelling density of states. In fact, the reduced tunnelling gap corresponds to the reduced HOMO-LUMO gap of VHF relative to that of DHA as measured by absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry. For this comparison, electrochemical measurements were performed on both the parent DHA/VHF system and the functionalized system that was subject to transport measurements. In one junction, it was possible to switch back and forth between DHA and VHF three times, the forward reaction being induced by light and the back-reaction occurring after waiting a period of time.
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- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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