| 1. |
- Nässel, Dick R., et al.
(author)
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Neuropeptides in modulation of Drosophila behavior : how to get a grip on their pleiotropic actions
- 2019
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In: Current Opinion in Insect Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-5745 .- 2214-5753. ; 36, s. 1-8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropeptides constitute a large and diverse class of signaling molecules that are produced by many types of neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrines and other cells. Many neuropeptides display pleiotropic actions either as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, while some play these roles concurrently. Here, we highlight pleiotropic functions of neuropeptides and different levels of neuropeptide signaling in the brain, from context-dependent orchestrating signaling by higher order neurons, to local executive modulation in specific circuits. Additionally, orchestrating neurons receive peptidergic signals from neurons conveying organismal internal state cues and relay these to executive circuits. We exemplify these levels of signaling with four neuropeptides, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A and leucokinin, each with a specific expression pattern and level of complexity in signaling.
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| 2. |
- Pauls, Dennis, et al.
(author)
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Endocrine signals fine-tune daily activity patterns in Drosophila
- 2021
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 31:18, s. 4076-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animals need to balance competitive behaviors to maintain internal homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms are complex but typically involve neuroendocrine signaling. Using Drosophila, we systematically manipulated signaling between energy-mobilizing endocrine cells producing adipokinetic hormone (AKH), octopaminergic neurons, and the energy-storing fat body to assess whether this neuroendocrine axis involved in starvation-induced hyperactivity also balances activity levels under ad libitum access to food. Our results suggest that AKH signals via two divergent pathways that are mutually competitive in terms of activity and rest. AKH increases activity via the octopaminergic system during the day, while it prevents high activity levels during the night by signaling to the fat body. This regulation involves feedback signaling from octopaminergic neurons to AKH-producing cells (APCs). APCs are known to integrate a multitude of metabolic and endocrine signals. Our results add a new facet to the versatile regulatory functions of APCs by showing that their output contributes to shape the daily activity pattern under ad libitum access to food.
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| 3. |
- Selcho, Mareike, et al.
(author)
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The Role of octopamine and tyramine in Drosophila larval locomotion
- 2012
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In: Journal of Comparative Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9861 .- 0021-9967. ; 520:16, s. 3764-3785
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The characteristic crawling behavior of Drosophila larvae consists of a series of rhythmic waves of peristalsis and episodes of head swinging and turning. The two biogenic amines octopamine and tyramine have recently been shown to modulate various parameters of locomotion, such as muscle contraction, the time spent in pausing or forward locomotion, and the initiation and maintenance of rhythmic motor patterns. By using mutants having altered octopamine and tyramine levels and by genetic interference with both systems we confirm that signaling of these two amines is necessary for larval locomotion. We show that a small set of about 40 octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons within the ventral nerve cord is sufficient to trigger proper larval locomotion. Using single-cell clones, we describe the morphology of these neurons individually. Given various potential roles of octopamine and tyramine in the larval brain, such as locomotion, learning and memory, stress-induced behaviors or the regulation of the energy state, functions that are often not easy to discriminate, we dissect here for the first time a subset of this complex circuit that modulates specifically larval locomotion. Thus, these data will help to understandfor a given neuronal modulatorhow specific behavioral functions are executed within distinct subcircuits of a complex neuronal network. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:37643785, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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