| 1. |
- Ageborg Morsing, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Wind Turbine Noise and Sleep: Pilot Studies on the Influence of Noise Characteristics
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of onshore wind turbines in Europe has greatly increased over recent years, a trend which can be expected to continue. However, the effects of wind turbine noise on long-term health outcomes for residents living near wind farms is largely unknown, although sleep disturbance may be a cause for particular concern. Presented here are two pilot studies with the aim of examining the acoustical properties of wind turbine noise that might be of special relevance regarding effects on sleep. In both pilots, six participants spent five consecutive nights in a sound environment laboratory. During three of the nights, participants were exposed to wind turbine noise with variations in sound pressure level, amplitude modulation strength and frequency, spectral content, turbine rotational frequency and beating behaviour. The impact of noise on sleep was measured using polysomnography and questionnaires. During nights with wind turbine noise there was more frequent awakening, less deep sleep, less continuous N2 sleep and increased subjective disturbance compared to control nights. The findings indicated that amplitude modulation strength, spectral frequency and the presence of strong beats might be of particular importance for adverse sleep effects. The findings will be used in the development of experimental exposures for use in future, larger studies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bakker, Roel H., et al.
(author)
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Impact of wind turbine sound on annoyance, self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological distress
- 2012
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 425, s. 42-51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose of the research: The present government in the Netherlands intends to realize a substantial growth ofwind energy before 2020, both onshore and offshore. Wind turbines, when positioned in the neighborhood ofresidents may cause visual annoyance and noise annoyance. Studies on other environmental sound sources,such as railway, road traffic, industry and aircraft noise show that (long-term) exposure to sound can havenegative effects other than annoyance from noise. This study aims to elucidate the relation between exposureto the sound of wind turbines and annoyance, self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological distress ofpeople that live in their vicinity. Data were gathered by questionnaire that was sent by mail to a representativesample of residents of the Netherlands living in the vicinity of wind turbinesPrincipal results: A dose–response relationship was found between immission levels of wind turbine soundand selfreported noise annoyance. Sound exposure was also related to sleep disturbance and psychologicaldistress among those who reported that they could hear the sound, however not directly but with noiseannoyance acting as a mediator. Respondents living in areas with other background sounds were less affectedthan respondents in quiet areas.Major conclusions: People living in the vicinity of wind turbines are at risk of being annoyed by the noise, anadverse effect in itself. Noise annoyance in turn could lead to sleep disturbance and psychological distress. Nodirect effects of wind turbine noise on sleep disturbance or psychological stress has been demonstrated,which means that residents, who do not hear the sound, or do not feel disturbed, are not adversely affected.
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| 4. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Shades of grey challenge practical application of the Cultural Ecosystem Services concept
- 2017
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In: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416 .- 2212-0416. ; 23, s. 55-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite rapid advances in development of the ecosystem services (ES) concept, challenges remain for its use in decision making. Cultural ES (CES) have proven particularly difficult to pin down and resultant “shades of grey” impede their consideration by decision-makers. This study undertakes a literature review of CES to highlight the shades of grey, briefly illustrates findings by reference to the Swedish mountain landscape, then addresses potential implications for practical decision making. The concept of CES is complex and difficult to operationalize. The root of confusion appears to be a lack of rigour in identifying CES, hindering identification of proper methods for determining: the ecosystem elements that underpin CES; the beneficiaries of CES and how they value benefits delivered; and how CES may vary in space and time. We conclude by proposing a framework of questions, which we relate to the ES cascade model, that is intended to help researchers and decision-makers to reflect when considering CES. Answers to the questions should enable decision-makers to prioritise policy development or implementation in relation to the differing needs of potentially competing beneficiaries and what needs to be done or not done to the ecosystem, where, when and by whom.
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| 5. |
- Blomsterberg, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Tenants Acceptance or Rejection of Major Energy Renovation of Block of Flats - IEA Annex 56
- 2015
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In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 78, s. 2346-2351
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To meet EU energy and climate targets, energy efficiency of the existing building stock must be drastically improved. Within IEA EBC Annex 56 one of the best practice examples of energy renovations is a group of multi-family buildings in Sweden, recently thoroughly renovated. For this group of buildings the residents' perception of renovations and appraisal of implemented measures were captured by interviews with tenants and a literature review. Residents' possible acceptance of energy renovations are related to improvements that are directly experienced and visible. Resident participation is beneficial. Crucial is the collaboration between all stakeholders. Long-term environmental benefits or financial gains are arguments that might not be sufficient.
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| 6. |
- Blomsterberg, Åke, et al.
(author)
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User acceptance of cost-effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation.
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To meet EU energy and climate targets, energy efficiency of the existing building stock must be drasticallyimproved. Within IEA ECB Annex 56 one of the best practice energy renovations is a group of multi-familybuildings in Sweden, recently thoroughly renovated. Residents' perception of renovations and appraisal ofimplemented measures were captured by interviews with tenants and a literature review. Residents'possible acceptance of energy renovations are related to improvements that are directly experienced andvisible. Resident participation is beneficial. Crucial is the collaboration between all stakeholders. Long-termenvironmental benefits or financial gains are arguments that might not be sufficient.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brorsson, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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12-weeks of hand exercise provides better hand function, muscle balance and muscle strength in the rheumatoid arthritis hand
- 2010
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In: Abstract Archive Sessions Index 2010. - : EULAR.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Impaired grip ability in RA is due to reduced strength in the flexor muscles as well as by dysfunctional extensor muscles leading to inability to open the hand. Furthermore the extensor muscles are important for stabilization during flexion force production and active for developing a controlled grip force. There is today scientific evidence showing that various forms of hand exercise are beneficial for improving hand function and strength in RA patients (Ronningen and Kjeken 2008; Brorsson, Hilliges et al. 2009). However, comparatively little research has evaluated and specific designed hand exercise program for the extensor muscles controlling the hand and fingers (Weiss, Moore et al. 2004; O'Brien, Jones et al. 2006).Objectives:The objectives for this study were to evaluate the effect of an exercise program on hand strength, hand function and perceived function of daily life activities among RA patients and to explore the possibility to improve the balance between the extensor and flexor muscle forces in the hand.Methods:The study group comprised of 20 patients with RA (median disease duration 20 years) that performed a hand exercise program for twelve weeks. The finger extension force was measured with a newly developed device (EX-it), finger flexion force was measured with the Grippit. Hand function was evaluated with the Grip Ability Test (GAT) and self reported questionnaire Disability Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH).Results:Hand strength (both extension and flexion force) and hand function improved significantly after twelve weeks. The RA group showed improvement in the results of the DASH questionnaire (p < 0.05), but on individual level, the result was partly significant. The relation between extension and flexion force in the hand was not correlated, however, after the exercise there was a strong association between flexion and extension force (p < 0.001). The result on individual level is related to age and duration time.Conclusion:Twelve weeks of hand exercise significantly improved hand strength, hand function and perceived function for RA patients. Furthermore, exercise improved the relation between the finger extension and flexion force. Hand exercise is thus an effective intervention for RA patients, providing better strength and function.References:Brorsson, S., M. Hilliges, et al. (2009). A six-week hand exercise programme improves strength and hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rehabil Med 41(5): 338-42.O'Brien, A.V., P. Jones, et al. (2006). Conservative hand therapy treatments in rheumatoid arthritis–a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45(5): 577-83.Ronningen, A. and I. Kjeken (2008). ffect of an intensive hand exercise programme in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Occup Ther: 1-11.Weiss, A. P., D. C. Moore, et al. (2004). Metacarpophalangeal joint mechanics after 3 different silicone arthroplasties. J Hand Surg [Am] 29(5): 796-803.
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| 9. |
- Brorsson, Sofia, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Relationship between finger flexion and extension force in healthy women and women with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2012
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - Uppsala, Sweden : Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 44:7, s. 605-608
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Balance between flexor and extensor muscle activity is essential for optimal function. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the relationship between maximum finger flexion force and maximum finger extension force in women with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy women.METHODS: Twenty healthy women (median age 61 years) and 20 women with rheumatoid arthritis (median age 59.5 years, median disease duration 16.5 years) were included in the study. Finger extension force was measured with an electronic device, EX-it, and finger flexion force using Grippit. The Grip Ability Test and the score from the patient-reported outcome Disability Arm Shoulder and Hand were used to evaluate activity limitations.RESULTS: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed significantly decreased hand function compared with healthy controls. A correlation was found between extension force and flexion force in the healthy group (r = 0.65, p = 0.002),but not in the rheumatoid arthritis group (r = 0.25, p = 0.289).CONCLUSION: Impaired hand function appears to influence the relationship between maximum finger flexion and extension force. This study showed a difference in the relationship between maximum finger flexion and extension force in healthy controls and those with rheumatoid arthritis. © 2012 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information.
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| 10. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Soundscape in Nature-Based Rehabilitation: A Patient Perspective
- 2016
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In: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nature-based rehabilitation (NBR) has convincing support in research, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study sought to increase understanding of the role of soundscapes in NBR, an aspect paid little attention thus far. Transcribed interviews with 59 patients suffering from stress-related mental disorders and undergoing a 12-week therapy programme in the rehabilitation garden in Alnarp, Sweden, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). Described sounds were categorised as natural, technological or human. The results showed that patients frequently referred to natural sounds as being part of a pleasant and "quiet" experience that supported recovery and induced "soft fascination". Technological sounds were experienced as disturbing, while perception of human sounds varied depending on loudness and the social context. The study further uncovered how sound influenced patients' behaviour and experiences in the garden, through examination of three cross-theme dimensions that materialised in the study; sound in relation to overall perception, sound in relation to garden usage, and increased susceptibility to sound. The findings are discussed in relation to NBR; the need for a more nuanced understanding of susceptibility to sound among people suffering from mental fatigue was identified and design considerations for future rehabilitation gardens were formulated.
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| 11. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Wind Turbine Noise Propagation over Flat Ground: Measurements and Predictions
- 2010
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In: Acta Acustica united with Acustica. - Stuttgart : S. Hirzel Verlag. - 1610-1928 .- 1861-9959. ; 96:4, s. 753-760(8)
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noise from wind turbines is of concern in the planning process of new wind farms, and accurate estimations of immission noise levels at residents nearby are required. Sound propagation from wind turbine to receiver could be modelled by a simplified standard model assuming constant meteorological conditions, by an engineering method taking atmospheric and ground propagation conditions into account, or by a more exact model. Epidemiological studies have found a higher frequency of annoyance due to wind turbine noise than to other community noise sources at equal noise levels, indicating that the often used simplified model is not sufficient. This paper evaluates the variation of immission sound levels under the influence of meteorological variation and explores if the prediction of levels could be improved by taking the effect of wind speed on sound propagation into account. Long-term sound recordings and measurements at a distance of 530 m from a wind turbine show that the simplified standard model predicts the average sound pressure levels satisfactorily under downwind conditions, and that a more complex propagation model might not be needed for wind turbine noise at a relatively short distance. Large variations of sound immission levels at the same wind speed were however present. Statistical analysis revealed that these variations were influenced by meteorological parameters, such as temperature, static pressure and deviation from ideal downwind direction. The overall results indicate that meteorological factors influence the noise generated by the wind turbine rather than the sound propagation.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Bra kontakter kan bli bättre : Utvärdering av kontakter mellan brukare, handläggare och politiker inom miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet i Hallands län och Borås stad
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Att få återkoppling från de som berörs av miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsyn och rådgivning, det vill säga brukarna, är viktigt i det ständiga förbättringsarbetet. Denna studie ”Bra kontakter kan bli bättre” handlar därför om hur mötet mellan myndighet (handläggare och nämndledamöter) och brukare kan utvärderas på bästa sätt. Studien fokuserar på miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsynen av två olika grupper av brukare: verksamhetsutövare med enskilda avlopp (som ofta är privata fastighetsägare) och verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedel (som ofta är företagare), i Hallands län samt i Borås stad.Studien tog utgångspunkt i metoden grundad teori där resultatet tas fram och valideras i en process där framväxande faktorer testas i datamaterialet, för att sedan modifieras och testas igen. I denna studie innebar detta en analys av fritextsvar från över 500 tidigare utskickade enkäter, gruppintervjuer med totalt 17 tjänstemän och närmare 30 nämndledamöter samt 23 intervjuer med brukare varav 8 innebar längre samtal vid platsbesök. Analysarbetet fortgick tills faktorerna var kompletta och mättnad uppstod, dvs. inga nya aspekter som ändrade faktorerna kom fram.Av analyserna framgår att brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter har en gemensam syn på vilka faktorer som är viktiga i miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet, även om de olika rollerna ibland leder till delvis olika tolkningar av vad dessa innebär. Brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter är överens om att brukaren har rätt Att bli rättvist behandlad med korrekt bemötande på jämlik nivå och med hänsyn tagen till omständigheterna kring den egna verksamheten. Det är också viktigt som brukare Att få stöd, men det kan vara svårt för handläggaren i sin dubbla roll som rådgivare och inspektör. Både brukare och handläggare upplevde att dialog är nyckeln till god kommunikation, ur brukarnas synpunkt uttryckt som Att bli lyssnad på. Att få kontakt och besked, gärna muntligt, under arbetets gång är centralt. Kontakt med samma handläggare ger möjlighet till Att få kontinuitet, men likartad handläggning oavsett handläggare är viktigast. De avgifter som brukarna betalar för miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsynen upplevdes ibland, av både brukare och handläggare, som svårmotiverade. Upplevelsen Att få valuta för pengarna kan ökas med ökad samsyn av vad miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsyn innebär.Resultatet gav också en bild av vad brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter efterfrågar av utvärderingar kopplade till miljö- och hälsoskyddskontorens arbete. Brukarnas motiv är möjligheten att få uttrycka en åsikt och påverka tillsynsarbetet. Handläggare och nämndledamöter vill kunna använda utvärderingar för att få svar på vad brukarna tycker om tillsynsarbetet och deras bemötande. De vill att resultaten från utvärderingar värderas och leder till kunskap om vad som kan förbättras så att förbättringsåtgärder sätts in där de blir som mest effektiva. En utvärdering ska ge klara svar och förhoppningsvis leda till samsyn mellan olika handläggare och nämndledamöter samt mellan olika kommuner.Resultatet som identifierades i studien handlar mycket om kommunikation och behovet av ömsesidig förståelse mellan parterna. Att arbeta för en gemensam samsyn av vad miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbete innebär skulle kunna vara en väg att ytterligare förbättra kontakterna. Svårigheter som uppstår kan bero på att brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter har olika målbild. Utifrån vad som framkommit i studien och tidigare erfarenheter ger vi ett förslag på hur framtida utvärderingar kan utformas. Förslaget ska ses som ett diskussionsunderlag, snarare än ett färdigt förslag.- Syftet med utvärderingen och hur resultatet ska användas klargörs gemensamt av handläggare och nämndledamöter.- En övergripande enkät, där det finns möjlighet att följa arbetet över åren och att jämföra kommuner, gärna nationellt, skickas ut även i fortsättningen. Resurser läggs på att få in så många svar som möjligt och att analysera resultaten.- Mer detaljerad kunskap om brukarnas upplevelse av miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet studeras i samband med utvärdering av själva verksamheten.- I utvärdering av en riktad satsning, eller av ett delområde inom den löpande verksamheten, utifrån de kriterier som respektive kommun använder, t.ex. nyckeltal för miljönytta eller kvalitetsmätningar, bör utvärdering av brukarnas upplevelse ingå och belysas av handläggare och nämndledamöter.- Utvärderingen bör göras av utredare utanför miljö- och hälsoskyddskontoren med kunskap om utvärderingar, t.ex. av kommunens utredningsavdelning eller av en fristående konsult.- Resultatet av utvärderingen, dvs. utvärdering av verksamhet där även brukare, handläggare och nämnledamöters synpunkter synliggörs, återkopplas till brukare som har ärenden inom det studerade ärendeområdet.- Utvärderingen ger nämndledamöter ökad kunskap om verksamheten och om hur brukare och handläggare uppfattar den.- Utvärderingen ger handläggare återkoppling på sitt arbete och en bas för det fortsatta förbättringsarbetet.- Utvärderingen ger brukarna möjlighet att se hur deras perspektiv beaktas och öka sin förståelse för miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet.
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Landowners' incentives for constructing wetlands in an agricultural area in south Sweden
- 2012
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - London : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 113, s. 271-278
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea has in Sweden led to the initiation of government schemes aiming to increase wetland areas in agricultural regions and thereby reduce nutrient transport to the sea. Landowners play a significant role as providers of this ecosystem service and are currently offered subsidies to cover their costs for constructing and maintaining wetlands. We undertook a grounded theory study, in which landowners were interviewed, aiming at identifying landowners' incentives for constructing wetlands on their land. The study showed that adequate subsidies, additional services that the wetland could provide to the landowner, local environmental benefits, sufficient knowledge, and peers' good experiences could encourage landowners to construct wetlands. Perceived hindrances were burdensome management, deficient knowledge, time-consuming application procedures and unclear effectiveness of nutrient reduction. The main reason for not creating a wetland, however, was that the land was classified as productive by the landowner, i.e., suitable for food production. Current schemes are directed toward landowners as individuals and based on subsidies to cover costs. We propose that landowners instead are approached as ecosystem service entrepreneurs and contracted after a tendering process based on nutrient reduction effects. This would lead to new definitions of production and may stimulate improved design and placement of wetlands. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Hansson, Anna M., 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Barriers and drivers for sustainable business model innovation based on a radical farmland change scenario
- 2023
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In: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975. ; 25:8, s. 8083-8106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The agricultural sector has a critical role in creating social and environmental value of natural resources in addition to its traditional role of creating economic value by supplying food to the ever-increasing world population. In fulfilling this dual role, the agricultural sector often faces competing pressures: to operate financially profitable businesses and to create, maintain, and benefit from ecosystem services (ES) in their operations. This paper analyses these pressures in an examination of drivers and barriers to the initiation of the business model innovation process for sustainability (BMIpfS) as perceived by ten agricultural business managers who operate farms in southern Sweden. The paper explores the interplay between managerial cognition and business decisions as revealed in semi-structured interviews. The new ES in focus connect to radical land-use change, paludiculture, as used in the rewetting of farmland intended to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that drained peat soil causes. The paper contributes to the literature by identifying drivers and barriers that moderates the initiation of the BMIpfS. Although the managers acknowledge the importance of long-term, sustainable social, and environmental value creation, they have grave doubts about the profitability of activities associated with the preservation of peat soils and connected ES. These managers would benefit from taking a more proactive, long-term approach to business model changes for sustainability and from acquiring more knowledge about market demand for sustainability-oriented ES. Successful facilitation and implementation of knowledge transfer and government subsidies that support ES could improve the turning of profits based on sustainable value creation.
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Anna M., 1984-
(author)
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Get it off the ground – Facilitating water-related environmental measures to support agricultural managers in business model innovation processes for sustainability
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Agricultural businesses, which currently maintain, manage, create, and capture economic value from natural resources on farmland, play an important role in creating sustainable economic, environmental, and social value through maintaining and utilising a variety of ecosystem services in addition to traditional food production. This thesis focuses on ecosystem services that derive from water-related environmental measures (WREMs). This focus is motivated by a growing awareness of WREMs in the agricultural landscape, and of their connection to climate effects and water quantity and quality issues, which have substantial societal impact. Even though many agricultural business managers have a genuine interest in sustainability concerns, they tend to favour food production at the cost of providing other ecosystem services. Part of the explanation is that ecosystem services’ ability to provide social and environmental value for the public good often lacks full-cost accounting and clear market demand. This results in uncertainties among agricultural business managers about how to capture economic value from WREMs and associated ecosystem services, leading to their benefits and value being only partly known or only indirectly connected to the main agricultural production, and therefore not included in current business models to any great extent.Business models can be developed to enable value capture from WREMs through the business model innovation process for sustainability (BMIpfS). The BMIpfS identifies changes of current activities and adapts existing business models to support sustainable development and produce positive (or reduce negative) environmental effects on society, while producing long-term prosperity for businesses and their stakeholders. Due to the wide range of activities and stakeholders, the BMIpfS is complex and needs to be incentivised and facilitated. To provide sufficient facilitation for the BMIpfS initiation, underlying barriers and drivers for business managers’ value intention (their business motives) for the BMIpfS need to be explored. Facilitation based on the value intention of business managers can ease the process and be used to support identification of value not yet captured in business models, as well as provide expertise to identify marketable sustainable products and services beyond existing markets. Facilitation can be managed through government-affiliated intermediaries who are in a favourable position to assess local conditions, identify needs and resources, and develop partnerships with stakeholders that align with current agri-environmental programmes. To facilitate sustainable business commitments in agriculture, a better understanding is needed of how government-affiliated intermediaries can support implementation of WREMs and promote the BMIpfS initiation by aligning agricultural business managers’ value intention with societal sustainability goals. Consequently, the overarching aim of this thesis is to explore how the facilitation of WREMs can support the BMIpfS through an improved understanding of (i) the value intention of agricultural business managers and (ii) how government-affiliated intermediaries can facilitate the process initiation.This thesis builds on four sequential studies, all conducted within external research projects. The first two are qualitative interview studies that build on each other to inductively explore agricultural business mangers’ incentives for taking on more long-term and high-effort WREMs and committing to value capture of sustainability-related measures. They identify barriers and drivers as part of the agricultural business managers’ value intention and analyse its connection to the BMIpfS initiation. The third study is quantitative and was conducted through a survey that more deductively explores how opportunities for sustainable value creation and business model innovation through WREMs can be facilitated to align with the managers’ value intention that emerged in the first two studies. Finally, the fourth study is a qualitative interview study that takes an evaluative approach to further clarify how the facilitation of WREMs can be structured and organised to promote BMIpfS initiation in agriculture. The results of this research show that business change incentives for sustainability activities are part of pre-initiation conditions of the BMIpfS through the value intention of business managers. The value intention is clarified as business managers’ (i) identification as producers of value, (ii) difficulties identifying uncaptured sustainability value, and (iii) prioritisation of profitability and practical benefits. Adding value intention to a pre-initiation process phase contributes to the BMIpfS literature by providing a better understanding of how to support the BMIpfS initiation and promote more long-term and high-effort sustainability commitments, and value creating and capturing activities, among business managers. The results also show how WREM commitments and initiation of the BMIpfS can be facilitated through government-affiliated intermediaries. The government-affiliated intermediation is explained as comprising structures and activities to promote: (i) WREMs that include synergy between environmental and business aspects from a long-term perspective on value creating and capturing activities; (ii) flexible approaches adapted to business managers’ needs, that promote autonomy, trust, and sense of control; and (iii) structured collaboration and networks for knowledge exchange between stakeholders on different societal levels. With the value intention of business managers as a foundation, these results complement previous research on government-affiliated intermediaries and show how they can be structured to facilitate sustainable agricultural business activities and promote the BMIpfS initiation in line with societal sustainability targets. To integrate its results, this thesis develops a framework that advances the understanding of how to facilitate business model innovation towards sustainability and capture a wider range of value from ecosystem services. Through facilitation, innovation of business models towards sustainability can be promoted to realise currently uncaptured value that could benefit business revenues and societal goals. In this way, agriculture could continue to provide the world’s population with food, in line with the goals of sustainable development, but with an expanded approach so that food production becomes a basis on which to build business activities that also improve the conditions for several other goals, such as protection of ecosystems and water resources.
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| 17. |
- Hansson, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Markägares motiv för att anlägga våtmarker
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- För att minska näringsläckaget från jordbruksmark via vattendrag till havet ges i Sverige bidrag till privata markägare genom olika åtgärdsprogram. Målet har varit att erhålla 12 000 hektar anlagda våtmarker 2010. Målet kommer dock inte att uppnås. Ett av skälen kan vara att markägarna har andra motiv än ekonomiska när de väljer att anlägga, eller avstå från att anlägga, en våtmark. För att öka förståelsen för markägares syn på miljö, markanvändning och vattenförvaltning och att identifiera motiv för att anlägga våtmarker genomfördes en kvalitativ studie i södra Halland. Femton markägare intervjuades och deras svar analyserades i enlighet med metoden Grundad teori. Viktigast för markägarna var Att förvalta sin mark på bästa sätt vilket innebar att mark som var odlingsbar i första hand skulle användas för det ändamålet. Lågproduktiv mark kunde komma ifråga för våtmarksanläggande, men det var inte självklart. Att ta sitt miljöansvar innebar främst att följa regelverket, men kunde också omfatta frivilliga åtgärder för miljön. Det var dock nödvändigt Att främja företagets ekonomi. Markägarna hade goda Kunskaper och insikter om jordbrukets miljöbelastning, men efterlyste Stöd och bekräftelse. Att vara missgynnad av regelverket som ansågs gynna större jordbruk och jordbruk i andra länder var allmänt. Utifrån resultatet har rekommendationer utformats inför det fortsatta arbetet med att anlägga våtmarker på privat mark.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Janssen, S.A., et al.
(author)
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A comparison between exposure-response relationships for wind turbine annoyance and annoyance due to other sources
- 2011
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In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - New York : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 130:6, s. 3746-3753
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surveys have shown that noise from wind turbines is perceived as annoying by a proportion of residents living in their vicinity, apparently at much lower noise levels than those inducing annoyance due to other environmental sources. The aim of the present study was to derive the exposure-response relationship between wind turbine noise exposure in L(den) and the expected percentage annoyed residents and to compare it to previously established relationships for industrial noise and transportation noise. In addition, the influence of several individual and situational factors was assessed. On the basis of available data from two surveys in Sweden (N=341, N=754) and one survey in the Netherlands (N=725), a relationship was derived for annoyance indoors and for annoyance outdoors at the dwelling. In comparison to other sources of environmental noise, annoyance due to wind turbine noise was found at relatively low noise exposure levels. Furthermore, annoyance was lower among residents who received economical benefit from wind turbines and higher among residents for whom the wind turbine was visible from the dwelling. Age and noise sensitivity had similar effects on annoyance to those found in research on annoyance by other sources
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| 21. |
- Janssen, Sabine A., et al.
(author)
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Exposure-response relationships for annoyance by wind turbine noise : a comparison with other stationary sources
- 2009
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In: 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009 (EURONOISE 2009). - St. Albans Hertfordshire, UK : Institute of Acoustics. - 9781615676804 ; , s. 1472-1478
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are indications that, given a certain level of noise exposure, the expected annoyance by wind turbine noise is higher than that by noise from other sources such as industrial noise or transportation noise. The aim of the present study was to establish the exposure-response relationship between wind turbine noise exposure and the expected percentage annoyed residents on the basis of available data. Data from two surveys in Sweden (N=341, N=754) and one survey in the Netherlands (N=725) were combined to achieve relationships between Lden and annoyance indoors as well as annoyance outdoors at the dwelling. In addition, the influence of several individual and situational factors was assessed. In particular, annoyance was lower in residents who received economical benefit from wind turbines, and higher in residents for whom the wind turbine was visible from the dwelling. Age and noise sensitivity had similar effects on annoyance to those found in research on annoyance by other sources. The exposure-response relationship for wind turbine noise is compared to previously established relationships for industrial noise.
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| 22. |
- Janssen, S.A., et al.
(author)
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Exposure-response relationships for annoyance by wind turbine noise: a comparison with other stationary sources
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of EURONOISE, Edinburgh, 26 – 28 October 2009.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are indications that, given a certain level of noise exposure, the expected annoyance by wind turbine noise is higher than that by noise from other sources such as industrial noise or transportation noise. The aim of the present study was to establish the exposure-response relationship between wind turbine noise exposure and the expected percentage annoyed residents on the basis of available data. Data from two surveys in Sweden (N=341, N=754) and one survey in the Netherlands (N=725) were combined to achieve relationships between Lden and annoyance indoors as well as annoyance outdoors at the dwelling. In addition, the influence of several individual and situational factors was assessed. In particular, annoyance was lower in residents who received economical benefit from wind turbines, and higher in residents for whom the wind turbine was visible from the dwelling. Age and noise sensitivity had similar effects on annoyance to those found in research on annoyance by other sources. The exposure-response relationship for wind turbine noise is compared to previously established relationships for industrial noise and transportation noise
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| 23. |
- Janssen, Sabine, et al.
(author)
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Predicting annoyance by wind turbine noise
- 2010
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While wind turbines have beneficial effects for the environment, they inevitably generate environmental noise. In order to protect residents against unacceptable levels of noise, exposure-response relationships are needed to predict the expected percentage of people annoyed or highly annoyed at a given level of wind turbine noise. Exposure-response relationships for wind turbine noise were derived on the basis of available data, using the same method that was previously used to derive relationships for transportation noise and industrial noise. Data from surveys in Sweden and the Netherlands were used to achieve relationships between Lden and annoyance, both indoors and outdoors at the dwelling. It is shown that a given percentage of annoyance by wind turbine noise is expected at much lower levels of Lden than the same percentage of annoyance by for instance road traffic noise. Results were used to guide new noise regulation for wind turbines in the Netherlands.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Assessing cultural ecosystem services as individuals’ place-based appraisals
- 2019
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - München : Elsevier. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 39, s. 79-88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Though the existence of cultural ecosystem services is dependent on people’s activities and experiences, these services are still commonly assessed using top–down approaches. In this study, appraisal theory and research into human responses to natural environments formed the basis of a systematic multilevel investigation of appraisals of created wetland areas. The aim was to explore how appraisals could be used as a bottom–up approach to assessing the perceived contribution of wetland areas s to people’s quality of life (QoL). In total, 111 participants assessed environmental perceptions, affective experiences, and restorative potentials on site at three wetlands in Sweden. The results indicate that wetland areas and specific places with different ecological functions within these areas were appraised significantly differently. Moreover these places were perceived to support various QoL aspects to different degrees. Concepts and methods tested here give environmental planners hands-on tools for facilitating communication with expected users about the cultural ecosystem services of created wetland areas. © 2019
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Factors Governing Human Fear of Brown Bear and Wolf
- 2012
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In: Human Dimensions of Wildlife. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1087-1209 .- 1533-158X. ; 17:1, s. 58-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article analyzes people's subjectively experienced fear in areas with presence of brown bear or wolf. Departing from the Human-Environment Interaction Model (Küller, 1991), a hypothetical model of environmental and individual antecedents of fear was tested using structural equation modeling of survey data (n = 391). In the model of fear of brown bear, the main predictor was the appraisal of the species as dangerous/uncontrollable and unpredictable. In the model of fear of wolf, the greater experience with the species and a stronger appraisal of wolf as dangerous, uncontrollable, and unpredictable led to low social trust and this, together with the appraisal of wolf as dangerous/uncontrollable and unpredictable, increased the likelihood of fear. Efforts to reduce human fear of wolves should focus on building trust between the public and authorities, whereas efforts to reduce fear of brown bear should focus on the individual's appraisal of the species. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Factors governing human fear of wolves : moderating effects of geographical location and standpoint on protected nature
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - New York : Springer. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 62:6, s. 749-760
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyses psychological antecedents of feelings of fear of wolves in a proportional sample of the Swedish population (national sample, n = 545) and in a sample of people in counties with wolf presence (regional sample, n = 1,892). Structural equation modelling of survey data suggests a dual pathway to self-reported fear. One path encompasses the appraisal of the environmental context operationalised as a potential wolf encounter. The second path concerns the appraisal of the social context assessed as social trust in managing authorities. The relative importance of the paths differs between the national and the regional sample, and between people in the administrative centre of the region and the regional periphery. We show that the public's fear of wolves should be addressed both at an individual level, focusing on situations with potential encounters, and at a collective level, by strengthening the trust between the public and authorities, and regional variation should be considered.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived outdoor lighting quality POLQ. A lighting assessment tool
- 2014
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In: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-9610 .- 0272-4944. ; 39, s. 14-21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedA shift towards more energy-efficient light sources for outdoor lighting such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is underway. Photometric measures are not sufficient to capture how users experience the light, so complementary tools are required. This study aimed to develop an observer-based environmental assessment tool, based on bipolar semantic differentials, for outdoor lighting in urban spaces. Exploratory (N = 130) and confirmatory (N = 117) factor analyses of observations of lighting installations made by laypersons on-site along pedestrian paths, resulted in two dimensions of high reliability: the Perceived Strength Quality (PSQ, Cronbach's alpha = 0.82–0.85) and the Perceived Comfort Quality (PCQ, Cronbach's alpha = 0.77–0.81). PSQ and PCQ differentiated between light sources of different illuminance level, colour temperature and colour rendering. Regression analyses showed that the perceived lighting qualities helped to explain the variance in visual accessibility, whereas PCQ helped to explain perceived danger in the environment. The perceived lighting qualities can add to the understanding of pedestrians' perception of outdoor lighting, and is proposed as a complementary tool for development of sustainable light designs in the urban environment
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
The feared object in fear of brown bear and wolf
- 2012
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In: HUMAN EXPERIENCE IN THE NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH POLICY & PRACTICE (IAPS 22 Conference, Abstracts of Presentations).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Understanding a housing cooperatives' reasons for rejecting energy-efficient outdoor lighting
- 2015
-
In: Lighting Research and Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-1535 .- 1477-0938. ; 47:7, s. 876-892
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interviews with board members and surveys of residents in a Swedish housing cooperative revealed that their choice to partly reject new energy-efficient outdoor lighting for their outdoor environment (retrofit with light emitting diods) was motivated by multiple goal frames. The board weighed the normative goal of perceived safety and the subordinate hedonic goal of the perceived quality of the light against gain goals. The final choice could be attributed to the normative goal of perceived safety for the elderly. This was consistent with the view of the residents who rated all goal frames high, but perceived safety as the most important. Adoption or rejection of new energy-efficient lighting technology is determined by both cost and energy savings, and people's expectations and perceptions of the light and the lit environment.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Liuke, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Every-day Life and Energy Use - Self-reported Household Energy Behaviour in Malmö, Sweden
- 2017
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Development in building envelopes and energy efficient systems has an impact in reducing energy use, but the everyday life of the households significantly influences the total performance of the housing sector that in Sweden constitutes 25% of the total energy use. This paper presents and discusses some results of a study investigating the relationship between every-day life and energy use among the socio-culturally diverse tenant population in Malmö. The method consists of interviews and questionnaires conducted within a group of respondents learning Swedish. The energy behaviour is assessed based on the interview and questionnaire responses and the household energy use is quantified based on this assessed behaviour and available values of the energy efficiency of appliances focusing on electricity use. The results show a variation in energy use among the respondents that principally seems to be derived from the current life-style while being primarily influenced by individual preferences.
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| 35. |
- Lundgren Kownacki, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Does a building renovation improve the indoor thermal comfort? : A thermal environment evaluation before and after renovation
- 2019
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A sustainable renovation results in both a good indoor environment and high-energy efficiency. However, contemporary renovations often focus on energy and environmental performance, leaving out other aspects, such as the thermal comfort. The aim of the ongoing study is to compare the results of an extensive thermal environment evaluation before and after major renovation of ten typical 1970’s rental apartments in multi-family buildings located in Southern Sweden. The data collected is comprehensive and includes measurements of air temperature, relative humidity (RH), air velocity, plane radiant and globe temperature, draught rate, turbulence intensity, operative temperature, PMV/PPD indices and thermal sensation (thermal comfort evaluation) using a LumaSense INNOVA 1221 Thermal Comfort data logger. MSR Temp/RH data logger sensors were also placed at four different heights. The outside weather data and individual factors such as clothing, activity, gender, age were also collected. Measurements were taken in the living room of each apartment for 2 hours during three winter seasons: one measurement session before and two after renovation resulting in 30 measurements in total. The preliminary results from the first two winter seasons for draught rate, PMV/PPD, RH and radiant temperature all showed slight improvements after renovation. Further, the study results show that the individual perceived thermal comfort does not always agree with the measured and calculated thermal comfort. The data is currently under analysis and final results will be presented.
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| 36. |
- Maclachlan, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring perception of vibrations from rail: : An interview study
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 14:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rail transport is an environmentally responsible approach and traffic is expected to increase in the coming decades. Little is known about the implications for quality of life of populations living close to railways. This study explores the way in which vibrations from rail are perceived and described by these populations. The study took place in the Västra Götaland and Värmland regions of Sweden. A qualitative study approach was undertaken using semi-structured interviews within a framework of predetermined questions in participants’ homes. A 26.3% response rate was achieved and 17 participants were interviewed. The experience of vibrations was described in tangible terms through different senses. Important emerging themes included habituation to and acceptance of vibrations, worry about property damage, worry about family members and general safety. Participants did not reflect on health effects, however, chronic exposure to vibrations through multimodal senses in individual living environments may reduce the possibility for restoration in the home. Lack of empowerment to reduce exposure to vibrations was important. This may alter individual coping strategies, as taking actions to avoid the stressor is not possible. The adoption of other strategies, such as avoidance, may negatively affect an individual’s ability to cope with the stressor and their health.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Omelekhina, Yuliya, et al.
(author)
-
Indoor-to-outdoor ratios of ultrafine particles in Swedish residences
- 2019
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A number of health effects have been linked to exposure to airborne particles, however the consequences of exposure to ultrafine particles is largely unknown. Ultrafine particles can be emitted from different indoor activities or be of the outdoor origin. This is further complicated by the fact that we are spending majority of the time indoors. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of renovations on indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios of ultrafine particles (UFP) in 6 occupied Swedish residences. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in 6 residences for seven consecutive days in urban area in southern Sweden. The apartments were mechanically ventilated and had volumes between 115-218 m3. The renovation activities included adjusting air exchange rates (AER) to meet Swedish standards (0.5 AER h-1) and installation of the new kitchen extraction fans. NanoTracers (Oxility Aerasense) were used to measure particle number concentrations and mean particle diameters (10 - 300 nm). Based on the averages of particle number concentrations (PNC) during occupancy period, indoor-to-outdoor ratios (I/O) were calculated for each home. AER have been increased in the apartments during renovations to 0.4-0.7 h-1 in comparison to values before the renovation 0.2-0.4 h-1. After renovation I/O ratios of PNC during occupancy periods varied between 0.2-3.8 and were lower in comparison to the values before renovations 1.0-11.9. This could indicate increased efficiency of particles removal after renovation but also can be influenced by lower amount of performed activities by occupants, which were 2-3 times lower after in comparison to before. Results have shown the positive changes of the renovation processes on AER and particle removal. Nevertheless, the frequency and type of indoor activities performed by residents at home influence the indoor concentrations. The Swedish Research Council FORMAS and the Swedish Energy Agency financed the project.
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| 40. |
- Pedersen, Eja, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Aesthetical aspects of attitude towards the noise source influencing noise annoyance – example from a study on response to wind turbines
- 2007
-
In: Proceedings of Internoise 2007, International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, 28–31 August 2007, Paper 833100..
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attitude towards the noise source is well known to be associated with noise annoyance. The meaning of this attitude is ambiguous, but it appears to include an aesthetic aspect. This aesthetic aspect of the attitude towards the noise source has however not yet been thoroughly assessed. Wind turbines are visual noise sources in the environment, prominent in the landscape and seen by many people living in the vicinity. They are therefore suitable objects for studies on aesthetical evaluation in relation to noise annoyance. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of visual attitude towards wind turbines on annoyance with wind turbine noise. A cross-sectional field study was carried out among people living near wind turbines in Sweden (n = 754). Subjective measurements (noise annoyance, attitude and potential moderating variables such as visibility of the noise source and gender) were assessed by a questionnaire and analysed in relation to A-weighted sound pressure levels outside the dwelling of each respondent. The results showed that the visual attitude towards wind turbines was highly correlated with noise annoyance, while the general attitude was not. Wind turbines, that are technical devises often placed in a contrasting rural surrounding, could be appraised as incongruent with the landscape and therefore distressing; a distress enhancing noise annoyance.
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| 41. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Annoyance caused by community noise – interaction of sounds from road traffic and wind turbines
- 2008
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In: SAE Technical Papers. - Warrendale, PA : SAE Inc.. - 0148-7191.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sound from an additional source, for example rail road in addition to road traffic, modifies community noise response. However, interactions of response to low vs. high level sources are not known. The impact of wind turbine sound on annoyance with road traffic noise, and vice versa, was therefore explored. Immission levels of both sounds were assessed for respondents in a survey measuring response to environmental exposures (n = 725). Dose-response relationships for both road traffic and wind turbines were found. Neither sound masked the other, physically or cognitively. However, being annoyed by noise from one of the sources increased the risk for annoyance with the additional noise.
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| 42. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
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Audio-visual reactions to wind turbines
- 2003
-
In: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica. - Stuttgart : S. Hirzel Verlag. - 1610-1928 .- 1861-9959. ; 89:Suppl.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cross sectional study with the aim of evaluating dose response relationships between noise exposure from wind turbines and subjective reactions was performed in a flat landscape in Sweden. The study area comprised 16 turbines. Subjective reactions were obtained by a questionnaire, which purpose was masked. The response rate was 69% (356 respondents). Outdoor noise levels (dBA) were calculated for each dwelling at 2.5 dB intervals. The results showed a significant dose response relationship between noise level and annoyance. The prevalence of noise annoyance was comparatively high. In the categories of greatest noise exposure 37.5-40 dBA and >40 dBA, 20% (95%Cl: ±12.4) and 36% (95%Cl: ±18.4) were very annoyed. The noise only explained part of the annoyance. Noise annoyance was also correlated to visual factors such as the respondents’ opinion of the turbines’ impact on the landscape. To further study interactions between noise annoyance and visual disturbance, the shadows from wind turbines (hours/year) were calculated for each respondent and used as dose for annoyance of shadows, but also as a variable when trying to explain noise annoyance. The results of the analysis and the possible interactions between audio and visual annoyance will be presented at the conference.
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| 43. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
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Can road traffic mask sound from wind turbines? : Response to wind turbine sound at different levels of road traffic sound
- 2010
-
In: Energy Policy. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 38:5, s. 2520-2527
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wind turbines are favoured in the switch-over to renewable energy. Suitable sites for further developments could be difficult to find as the sound emitted from the rotor blades calls for a sufficient distance to residents to avoid negative effects. The aim of this study was to explore if road traffic sound could mask wind turbine sound or, in contrast, increases annoyance due to wind turbine noise. Annoyance of road traffic and wind turbine noise was measured in the WINDFARMperception survey in the Netherlands in 2007 (n = 725) and related to calculated levels of sound. The presence of road traffic sound did not in general decrease annoyance with wind turbine noise, except when levels of wind turbine sound were moderate (35-40 dB(A) Lden) and road traffic sound level exceeded that level with at least 20 dB(A). Annoyance with both noises was intercorrelated but this correlation was probably due to the influence of individual factors. Furthermore, visibility and attitude towards wind turbines were significantly related to noise annoyance of modern wind turbines. The results can be used for the selection of suitable sites, possibly favouring already noise exposed areas if wind turbine sound levels are sufficiently low. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Challenges in transdisciplinary research : Example from a study on people as part of energy and ventilation systems in residential buildings (PEIRE)
- 2019
-
In: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 802-812
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. Thereis a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the ocupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Challenges in Transdisciplinary Research—Example from a Study on People as Part of Energy and Ventilation Systems in Residential Buildings (PEIRE)
- 2018
-
In: Cold Climate HVAC 2018. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 803-812
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. There is a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the occupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 47. |
- Pedersen, Eja
(author)
-
City Dweller Responses to Multiple Stressors Intruding into Their Homes: Noise, Light, Odour, and Vibration.
- 2015
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 12:3, s. 3246-3263
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: Urban densification increases exposure to noise, light, odour, and vibration in urban dwellings. Exposure from combined environmental stressors intruding into the home could increase the risk of adverse effects on wellbeing, even when the exposure is at a relatively low level. This study assesses the prevalence of annoyance with a combination of potential environmental stressors common in urban areas and the association with wellbeing. A questionnaire was sent by mail to residents in five areas in Halmstad (Sweden) with similar socioeconomic and housing characteristics but different exposure (response rate 56%; n = 385). Of the respondents, 50% were annoyed to some degree by at least one of the suggested stressors, most commonly by noise and vibration from local traffic. Structural equation modelling showed that annoyance led to lowered quality of life via the mediating construct residential satisfaction, which in turn was influenced by place attachment and perceived restoration possibilities in the dwelling. Stress had a negative impact on quality of life, but was not directly correlated to annoyance. Stress was however correlated with sensitivity. The findings suggest that dose-response relationships for environmental stressors should be studied in a broader context of environmental and individual factors. Also relatively low levels of exposure should be mitigated, especially if several stressors are present.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic pedestrian lighting: Effects on walking speed, legibility and environmental perception
- 2016
-
In: Lighting Research and Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-1535 .- 1477-0938. ; , s. 522-536
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- LED technology provides new opportunities to change the illuminance on pedestrian pathways in response to the presence of people. This study explores possible effects of dimming as such on walking, legibility and perception. In an indoor full-scale laboratory, 61 participants walked along a 19-m pathway with a motion-detection sensor 10 m before an LED luminaire. The participants walked significantly slower under dimmed than static lighting conditions, even after the illuminance had increased. Legibility decreased with the extent of dimming. The larger the difference in illuminance between dimmed and full light, the stronger the self-reported reaction. The results indicate that changes in illuminance affect walking, and that legibility and perception are affected by the overall lighting design of pedestrian pathways rather than by dimming as such.
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| 50. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of dynamic street lighting on walking speed and reading perfomance : a full-scale laboratory study
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dynamic lighting systems are introduced in urban outdoor environments with the objective to reduce energy use. Effects on pedestrians are not fully known. Previous studies have mainly used observer assessment (Viliunas et al., 2014), and focused on perceived personal safety (Haans & de Kort, 2012) or acceptance (Boomsma & Steg, 2013). In this study, performance (walking speed and reading) was assessed in a full-scale laboratory arranged as an outdoor environment with a 19m pathway and a luminaire (LED). A movement detector was placed 10m before the luminaire. Participants (N = 61) walked the pathway at slower speed if the lighting was dimed, although light levels increased to 100% when they passed the sensor, than if the light level was held constant at 100% (F(4, 212) = 6.67, p<0.001, ω2 = 0.01). Consistently, the visibility was rated lower in the dimed than in the constant condition (F(4, 240) = 2.53, p<0.05, ω2 = 0.01). Reading performance decreased with increased dimming (F(2, 120) = 33.89, p<0.001, ω2 = 0.08), but was not influenced by previous diming in the 100% condition. The results imply that the effect on pedestrians’ performance should be weighed against energy usage in the introduction of dynamic outdoor lighting.
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