| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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In: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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In: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 4. |
- Blomberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Chronic Airflow Limitation, Emphysema and Impaired Diffusing Capacity in Relation to Smoking Habits in a Swedish Middle-Aged Population.
- 2024
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In: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). In some cases, emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are present, but characteristics and symptoms vary with smoking exposure.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of CAL, emphysema and impaired DLCO in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms in a middle-aged population.METHODS: We investigated 28,746 randomly invited individuals (52% women) aged 50-64 years across six Swedish sites. We performed spirometry, DLCO, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and asked for smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC)<0.7.RESULTS: The overall prevalence was for CAL 8.8%, for impaired DLCO (DLCOCONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based study of middle-aged people, CAL and impaired DLCO were associated with common respiratory symptoms. Self-reported asthma was not associated with CAL in never-smokers. Our findings suggest that CAL in never-smokers signifies a separate clinical phenotype that may be monitored and, possibly, treated differently from smoking-related COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ekström, Magnus Pär, et al.
(author)
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The association of body mass index, weight gain and central obesity with activity-related breathlessness : the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study
- 2019
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In: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 74:10, s. 958-964
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Breathlessness is common in the population, especially in women and associated with adverse health outcomes. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2)) is rapidly increasing globally and its impact on breathlessness is unclear.Methods: This population-based study aimed primarily to evaluate the association of current BMI and self-reported change in BMI since age 20 with breathlessness (modified Research Council score >= 1) in the middle-aged population. Secondary aims were to evaluate factors that contribute to breathlessness in obesity, including the interaction with spirometric lung volume and sex.Results: We included 13 437 individuals; mean age 57.5 years; 52.5% women; mean BMI 26.8 (SD 4.3); mean BMI increase since age 20 was 5.0 kg/m(2); and 1283 (9.6%) reported breathlessness. Obesity was strongly associated with increased breathlessness, OR 3.54 (95% CI, 3.03 to 4.13) independent of age, sex, smoking, airflow obstruction, exercise level and the presence of comorbidities. The association between BMI and breathlessness was modified by lung volume; the increase in breathlessness prevalence with higher BMI was steeper for individuals with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). The higher breathlessness prevalence in obese women than men (27.4% vs 12.5%; p<0.001) was related to their lower FVC. Irrespective of current BMI and confounders, individuals who had increased in BMI since age 20 had more breathlessness.Conclusion: Breathlessness is independently associated with obesity and with weight gain in adult life, and the association is stronger for individuals with lower lung volumes.
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| 7. |
- Stefansson, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Synthetic generation of passive infrared motion sensor data using a game engine
- 2021
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In: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 21:23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantifying the number of occupants in an indoor space is useful for a wide variety of applications. Attempts have been made at solving the task using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor data together with supervised learning methods. Collecting a large labeled dataset containing both PIR motion sensor data and ground truth people count is however time-consuming, often requiring one hour of observation for each hour of data gathered. In this paper, a method is proposed for generating such data synthetically. A simulator is developed in the Unity game engine capable of producing synthetic PIR motion sensor data by detecting simulated occupants. The accuracy of the simulator is tested by replicating a real-world meeting room inside the simulator and conducting an experiment where a set of choreographed movements are performed in the simulated environment as well as the real room. In 34 out of 50 tested situations, the output from the simulated PIR sensors is comparable to the output from the real-world PIR sensors. The developed simulator is also used to study how a PIR sensor’s output changes depending on where in a room a motion is carried out. Through this, the relationship between sensor output and spatial position of a motion is discovered to be highly non-linear, which highlights some of the difficulties associated with mapping PIR data to occupancy count.
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| 8. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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MEASURES OF WAIST AND HIP MODIFY SEX-SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
- 2019
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 13-13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is still a debate whether accumulation of fat in certain depots modifies this risk. Using data from the CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated if anthropometric measurements of obesity (waist and hip) modifies the risk of coronary artery calcification. Methods: In the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and anthropometry were recorded and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as; <25, 25-30, 30-35 and >35 kg/m2 , quartiles of waist and hip circumferences were constructed within each BMI category and compared using the lowest quartile as reference. Results were adjusted for site, age, smoking and diabetes status. Results: Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2 ) was found in 21.9% of men and in 20.5% of women. In both sexes the odds ratio (OR) for CACS >0 increased with increasing BMI categories: comparing <25 and >35 kg/m2 , OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.7) for men and OR = 1.4 (1.2-1.8) for women. In addition, increasing quartiles of waist significantly increased the prevalence of CACS >0 for men [p = 0.05; OR = 1.2 (1.0-1.4) for highest quartile] and women [p = 0.005; OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5)] while increasing quartiles of hip significantly decreased the prevalence for men [p = 0.005; OR = 0.8 (0.6-0.9)] and women [p = 0.04; OR = 0.8 (0.7-0.9)]. Data on education level and physical activity did not affect the model. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with increased prevalence of coronary artery calcification and the distribution of fat modifies this risk. Our results suggest that gluteofemoral adipose tissue (hip) counteracts the negative effects associated with BMI and abdominal adipose tissue (waist).
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| 9. |
- Alawadi, Sadi, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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A Federated Interactive Learning IoT-Based Health Monitoring Platform
- 2021
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In: New Trends in Database and Information Systems. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 235-246, s. 235-246
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remote health monitoring is a trend for better health management which necessitates the need for secure monitoring and privacy-preservation of patient data. Moreover, accurate and continuous monitoring of personal health status may require expert validation in an active learning strategy. As a result, this paper proposes a Federated Interactive Learning IoT-based Health Monitoring Platform (FIL-IoT-HMP) which incorporates multi-expert feedback as ‘Human-in-the-loop’ in an active learning strategy in order to improve the clients’ Machine Learning (ML) models. The authors have proposed an architecture and conducted an experiment as a proof of concept. Federated learning approach has been preferred in this context given that it strengthens privacy by allowing the global model to be trained while sensitive data is retained at the local edge nodes. Also, each model’s accuracy is improved while privacy and security of data has been upheld.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults : The SCAPIS cohort study
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 32:5, s. 866-880
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an “at-risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
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| 12. |
- Engström, Jimmy
(author)
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Scaling Indoor Positioning : improving accuracy and privacy of indoor positioning
- 2023
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Our phones have many uses for positioning technologies, such as navigation, LocationBased Services (LBS), emergency positioning, fitness applications, and advertising. We trust our phones and wearables to be location-aware. However, as soon as we enter a building, we can no longer use GPS signals, as their already weak signals are well below the background noise of the environment. This requires us to develop alternatives, such as installing active radio beacons, using existing radio infrastructure, applying environmental sensing based on barometric pressure and magnetic fields, or utilizing Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to estimate the user location. This licentiate thesis aims to evaluate beacon-based indoor positioning, where we assume installing a set of small battery-powered Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons are possible. In particular, the thesis addresses essential factors such as installation effort, accuracy, the privacy aspects of an Indoor Positioning System(IPS), and mitigation of accuracy issues related to radio signal shadowing in complex indoor environments. The goal is to solve some obstacles to the widespread adoption of indoor positioning solutions.
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| 13. |
- Engström, Jimmy, et al.
(author)
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Some Design Considerations in Passive Indoor Positioning Systems
- 2023
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In: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 23:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- User location is becoming an increasingly common and important feature for a wide range of services. Smartphone owners increasingly use location-based services, as service providers add context-enhanced functionality such as car-driving routes, COVID-19 tracking, crowdedness indicators, and suggestions for nearby points of interest. However, positioning a user indoors is still problematic due to the fading of the radio signal caused by multipath and shadowing, where both have complex dependencies on the indoor environment. Location fingerprinting is a common positioning method where Radio Signal Strength (RSS) measurements are compared to a reference database of previously stored RSS values. Due to the size of the reference databases, these are often stored in the cloud. However, server-side positioning computations make preserving the user's privacy problematic. Given the assumption that a user does not want to communicate his/her location, we pose the question of whether a passive system with client-side computations can substitute fingerprinting-based systems, which commonly use active communication with a server. We compared two passive indoor location systems based on multilateration and sensor fusion using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) with fingerprinting and show how these may provide accurate indoor positioning without compromising the user's privacy in a busy office environment.
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| 14. |
- Erjefält, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Acute allergic responses induce a prompt luminal entry of airway tissue eosinophils.
- 2003
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In: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1535-4989. ; 29:4, s. 439-448
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditionally, traffic and activation of eosinophils in asthmatic airways are thought to take place during the late-phase allergic reaction. The present study tests the hypothesis that when eosinophils are present in the tissue before allergen exposure, as in chronically inflamed asthmatic airways, acute anaphylactic reactions initiate an eosinophil response. Using a guinea-pig allergic model, where eosinophilia is present at baseline conditions, the traffic of resident eosinophils was examined in vivo immediately after allergen challenge. By 2 min after challenge, eosinophils had moved up to apical epithelial positions. Within 10 min, a marked migration of eosinophils into the airway lumen was demonstrated. Along with the allergen-induced egression of eosinophils, acute luminal entry of plasma proteins and eotaxin occurred. Eosinophil egression was effectively inhibited by the antiexudative drug formoterol, whereas the proexudative drug bradykinin could in naive animals evoke a prompt luminal entry of eosinophils. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that acute allergic reactions initiate a prompt transepithelial migration of resident eosinophils. Our data further suggest that this response in part is initiated by the plasma exudation response, which may alter the transepithelial gradient of eosinophil chemoattractants including eotaxin. We propose that prompt eosinophil response is a significant component of the acute phase of allergic reactions when occurring in airways where these cells are already present in the mucosa.
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| 15. |
- Erjefält, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Association between inflammation and epithelial damage-restitution processes in allergic airways in vivo
- 1997
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In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222 .- 0954-7894. ; 27:11, s. 1344-1355
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between allergen challenge-induced sites of epithelial damage and the distribution of leucocytes and extravasated plasma remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To study neutrophils, eosinophils, and fibrinogen at allergen challenge-induced patchy epithelial damage-restitution sites in guinea-pig trachea. METHODS: After local challenge tracheal tissue (cryo sections and whole-mounts) and lumen (selective tracheal lavage) were examined at 1, 5, and 24 h. Eosinophils, neutrophils and fibrinogen were identified by histochemistry. RESULTS: Neutrophils increased markedly in tracheal lavage fluids and in tissue and were strongly associated with the challenge-induced epithelial craters of damage-restitution. At 1 and 24 h eosinophils were increased in the tracheal lumen whereas the surrounding tissue displayed a reversed pattern. Gels rich in fibrinogen, neutrophils, and eosinophils were present in epithelial crater areas, protruding into the lumen. Clusters of free eosinophil granules, Cfegs, released through lysis of eosinophils, and neutrophils with long cytoplasmatic protrusions abounded in these crater areas. CONCLUSION: The present findings provide important new insights into allergic airways where sites of epithelial damage-restitution processes emerge as the major loci for eosinophil, neutrophil, and plasma protein activities, the latter likely causing leukocyte adhesion and activation in vivo. The distribution of eosinophils in this study suggests roles of these cells both in airway mucosa and in regional lymph nodes. Based on the present study we also propose that lysis of eosinophils and Cfegs generation are a major paradigm for activation of these cells in vivo.
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| 16. |
- Erjefält, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Prompt epithelial damage and restitution processes in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea in vivo
- 1997
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In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222 .- 0954-7894. ; 27:12, s. 1458-1470
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about the induction and the morphology of epithelial damage, and of the ensuing epithelial restitution processes in allergic airways. OBJECTIVE: To examine epithelial damage and restitution in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea. METHODS: Whole-mount techniques, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, cryosectioning, and histochemical staining were used. Cell proliferation was monitored by BrdU-immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Allergen challenge produced patchy, crater-like, and leucocyte-rich epithelial damage sites. At 1, 5, and 24 h damage was associated with poorly differentiated epithelial restitution cells. Already at 1 h the epithelial craters had a floor of flattened restitution cells and the damaged areas comprised < 1% of the mucosal surface area (whole-mount preparations). In contrast, cryo sections displayed large areas (approximately 20%, 1 h) of denudation. Epithelial, and subepithelial (fibroblasts, smooth muscle) proliferation was increased 5 and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Within 1 h allergen challenge has induced patchy damage sites where epithelial restitution is already advanced; although easily produced by cryosectioning frank denudation was not evident in whole-mount preparations. The present findings may explain the well maintained, functional tightness of allergic airways displaying epithelial damage, shedding, and even denudation. The present data also suggest the possibility that epithelial damage-restitution may be causative to allergic airway remodelling.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of iron(III) in organic soils using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
- 2008
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 42:15, s. 5449-5454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The distribution of different iron (Fe) species in soils, sediments, and surface waters has a large influence on the mobility and availability of Fe, other nutrients, and potentially toxic trace elements. However, the knowledge about the specific forms of Fe that occurs in these systems is limited, especially regarding associations of Fe with natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to characterize Fe(III) in organic soils (pH 4.6-6.0) with varying natural Fe content. The EXAFS data were subjected to wavelet transform analysis, to facilitate the identification of the nature of backscattering atoms, and to conventional EXAFS data fitting. The collective results showed the existence of two pools of iron: mononuclear Fe(III)-NOM complexes and precipitated Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. In the soil with lowest pH (4.6) and Fe content mononuclear organic complexes were the completely dominating fraction whereas in soils with higher pH and Fe content increasing amounts of Fe (hydr)oxides were detected. These results are of environmental importance, as the different iron pools most likely have markedly different reactivities.
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| 18. |
- Kebande, Victor R., Dr, et al.
(author)
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Leveraging Federated Learning & Blockchain to counter Adversarial Attacks in Incremental Learning
- 2020
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In: IoT '20 Companion. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450388207 ; , s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas data labelling in IoT applications is costly, it is also time consuming to train a supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. Hence, a human oracle is required to gradually annotate the data patterns at run-time to improve the models’ learning behavior, through an active learning strategy in form of User Feedback Process (UFP). Consequently, it is worth to note that during UFP there may exist malicious content that may subject the learning model to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, more so, manipulative attacks. We argue in this position paper, that there are instances during incremental learning, where the local data model may present wrong output, if retraining is done using data that has already been subjected to adversarial attack. We propose a Distributed Interactive Secure Federated Learning (DISFL) framework that utilizes UFP in the edge and fog node, that subsequently increases the amount of labelled personal local data for the ML model during incremental training. Furthermore, the DISFL framework addresses data privacy by leveraging federated learning, where only the model's knowledge is moved to a global unit, herein referred to as Collective Intelligence Node (CIN). During incremental learning, this would then allow the creation of an immutable chain of data that has to be trained, which in its entirety is tamper-free while increasing trust between parties. With a degree of certainty, this approach counters adversarial manipulation during incremental learning in active learning context at the same time strengthens data privacy, while reducing the computation costs.
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| 19. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Allergic eosinophil-rich inflammation develops in lungs and airways of B cell-deficient mice
- 1997
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - 1540-9538. ; 185:5, s. 885-892
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immunoglobulins (Ig), particularly IgE, are believed to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and, equally, in allergic models of the disease. To validate this paradigm we examined homozygous mutant C57BL/6 mice, which are B cell deficient, lacking all Ig. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 micrograms ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum, followed by daily (day 14-20) 30 min exposures to OVA aerosol (OVA/OVA group). Three control groups were run: OVA intraperitoneally plus saline (SAL) aerosol (OVA/SAL group); saline intraperitoneally plus saline aerosol; saline intraperitoneally plus OVA aerosol (n = 6-7). Lung and large airway tissues obtained 24 h after the last OVA or SAL exposure were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Ig-deficient mice receiving OVA/ OVA treatment had swollen and discolored lungs and exhibited marked eosinophilia both in large airway subepithelial tissue (49.2 +/- 12.0 cells/mm basement membrane [BM] versus OVA/ SAL control 1.2 +/- 0.3 cells/mm BM; P < 0.001), and perivascularly and peribronchially in the lung (49.3 +/- 9.0 cells/unit area versus OVA/SAL control 2.6 +/- 0.6 cells/unit area; P < 0.001). The eosinophilia extended to the regional lymph nodes. TEM confirmed the subepithelial and perivascular localization of eosinophils. Mucus cells in large airway epithelium increased from 1.5 +/- 0.8 (OVA/SAL mice) to 39.5 +/- 5.7 cells/mm BM in OVA/OVA treated mice (P < 0.001). OVA/SAL mice never differed from the other control groups. Corresponding experiments in wild-type mice (n = 6-7 in each group) showed qualitatively similar but less pronounced eosinophil and mucus cell changes. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells increased in lungs of all OVA/OVA-treated mice. Mast cell number did not differ but degranulation was detected only in OVA/OVA-treated wild-type mice. Immunization to OVA followed by OVA challenges thus cause eosinophil-rich inflammation in airways and lungs of mice without involvement of B cells and Ig.
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| 20. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Lack of systemic anaphylaxis and aeroallergen-induced airway plasma extravasation in allergic immunoglobulin-deficient mice
- 1999
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 118:1, s. 67-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Ig-deficient mice allergen challenge-induced pulmonary late phase inflammation is at least as pronounced as in wild-type animals. This study investigates immediate hypersensitivity responses in these mice. METHODS: To examine the acute plasma extravasation response in airway tissue, immunized Ig-deficient and wild-type mice and sham-immunized wild-type controls were subjected to 15 min ovalbumin aerosol challenge. 125I-albumin was injected (i.v.) 1 min prior to challenge. Immediately after challenge 131I-albumin was injected and the experiment was terminated. Plasma and trachea were analyzed for 125I and 131I, and the amount of extravasated plasma in the trachea was calculated. To study the development of systemic anaphylaxis immunized Ig-deficient and wild-type animals received intravenous allergen challenge followed by determination of mast cell responses and plasma histamine levels. RESULTS: Allergen aerosol-exposed immunized wild-type mice exhibited marked plasma extravasation in the trachea (pd0.01 vs. wild-type controls), but in the corresponding Ig-deficient mice there was no increased extravasation. Immunized Ig-deficient mice receiving intravenous allergen challenge were resistant to anaphylactic shock. By contrast, the wild-type animals developed systemic anaphylaxis, accompanied by plasma extravasation, mast cell degranulation, elevated plasma histamine and rapid death. CONCLUSION: The present data are evidence that immunoglobulins are crucial for the development of immediate (type 1) responses. These findings together with our previous observations on late-phase pulmonary responses suggest that immediate hypersensitivity processes are unimportant for development of the late phase inflammation in the respiratory tract of mice.
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| 21. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Neural expression and increased lavage fluid levels of secretoneurin in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 2003
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In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 167:11, s. 1504-1508
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Secretoneurin is a neuropeptide potentially involved in migration of eosinophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Whether secretoneurin is present in the human airway mucosa and whether it is released at ongoing allergic airway inflammation is currently unknown. In patients with allergic rhinitis, we have explored the occurrence of secretoneurin in nasal mucosal biopsies and lavage fluids before and during natural allergen exposure. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an abundance of nerves displaying secretoneurin immunoreactivity, which were distributed predominantly around blood vessels and submucosal glands. A majority of nerve fibers containing vesicular acetylcholine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin gene–related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were also secretoneurin-immunoreactive, indicating a localization of secretoneurin in cholinergic, adrenergic, and sensory nerves. Lavage fluid levels of secretoneurin were increased at allergen exposure (p < 0.01–0.05). Levels of secretoneurin did not correlate with eosinophil cationic protein ({rho} = 0.1, p = 0.7). We conclude that secretoneurin has a widespread occurrence in nasal mucosal nerves of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and that increased nasal lavage fluid levels of secretoneurin may characterize ongoing allergen exposure. These data favor a role of secretoneurin in the local traffic of immune cells in human airway mucosa.
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| 22. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in allergic and endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice
- 2000
-
In: Mediators of Inflammation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0962-9351 .- 1466-1861. ; 9:1, s. 15-23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has recently been forwarded as a critical regulator of inflammatory conditions, and it has been hypothesized that MIF may have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hence, we examined effects of MIF immunoneutralization on the development of allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation as well as on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilic inflammation in lungs of mice. Anti-MIF serum validated with respect to MIF neutralizing capacity or normal rabbit serum (NRS) was administered i.p. repeatedly during allergen aerosol exposure of ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice in an established model of allergic asthma, or once before instillation of a minimal dose of LPS into the airways of mice, a tentative model of COPD. Anti-MIF treatment did not affect the induced lung tissue eosinophilia or the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the asthma model. Likewise, anti-MIF treatment did not affect the LPS-induced neutrophilia in lung tissue, BALF, or blood, nor did it reduce BALF levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). The present data suggest that MIF is not critically important for allergen-induced eosinophilic, and LPS-induced neutrophilic responses in lungs of mice. These findings do not support a role of MIF inhibition in the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Assessment of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations for diffusing capacity in relation to respiratory burden in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
-
In: European Respiratory Journal. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has recently published international reference values for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower limit of normal (LLN), i.e. the 5th percentile, usually defines impaired DLCO. We examined if the GLI LLN for DLCO differs from the LLN in a Swedish population of healthy, never-smoking individuals and how any such differences affect identification of subjects with respiratory burden.Spirometry, DLCO, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and questionnaires were obtained from the first 15 040 participants, aged 50–64 years, of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Both GLI reference values and the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method were used to define the LLN in asymptomatic never-smokers without respiratory disease (n=4903, of which 2329 were women).Both the median and LLN for DLCO from SCAPIS were above the median and LLN from the GLI (p<0.05). The prevalence of DLCO DLCO >GLI LLN but DLCO >GLI LLN but versus 4.5%, p<0.001), chronic airflow limitation (8.5% versus 3.9%, p<0.001) and chronic bronchitis (8.3% versus 4.4%, p<0.01) than subjects (n=13 600) with normal DLCO (>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN). No differences were found with regard to physician-diagnosed asthma.The GLI LLN for DLCO is lower than the estimated LLN in healthy, never-smoking, middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with DLCO above the GLI LLN but below the SCAPIS LLN had, to a larger extent, an increased respiratory burden. This suggests clinical implications for choosing an adequate LLN for studied populations.
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| 25. |
- Nilsson, Carl Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Application of optical spectroscopy to paper production
- 1999
-
In: Optical measurement systems for industrial inspection. - Bellingham, Washington : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819433101 ; , s. 318-325
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fluorescence from paper following excitation by either ultraviolet or visible light gives information on the chemical composition of the paper. This can be used for on-line monitoring of the paper during production. Such measurements can be performed non-intrusively at sampling rates high enough to give a sub-millimetre resolution at paper webs moving at velocities higher than 20 metres per second. Two types of fluorescence meters, operating at different wavelengths, have been constructed. Together with an optical speedometer they have been tested at newsprint producing paper mills. A fluorescence based method for scanning cross-directional newsprint profiles in the laboratory has been developed. From these measurements the relative shrinkage of the paper during drying can be calculated using time-frequency analysis.
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| 26. |
- Persson, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
Contribution of plasma-derived molecules to mucosal immune defence, disease and repair in the airways
- 1998
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 47:4, s. 302-313
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review discusses recent observations, in health and disease, on the release and distribution of plasma-derived molecules in the airway mucosa. Briefly, the new data on airway mucosal exudation mechanisms suggest that the protein systems of plasma contribute significantly to the mucosal biology, not only in injured airways but also in such mildly inflamed airways that lack oedema and exhibit no sign of epithelial derangement. Plasma as a source of pluripotent growth factor, adhesive, leucocyte-activating, etc., molecules may deserve a prominent position in schemes that claim to illustrate immunological and inflammatory mechanisms of the airway mucosa in vivo.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Persson, Carl Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of reactivity determination methods in the subcritical experiment Yalina
- 2005
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 554:1-3, s. 374-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different reactivity determination methods have been investigated, based on experiments performed at the subcritical assembly Yalina in Minsk, Belarus. The development of techniques for on-line monitoring of the reactivity level in a future accelerator-driven system (ADS) is of major importance for safe operation. Since an ADS is operating in a subcritical mode, the safety margin to criticality must be sufficiently large. The investigated methods are the Slope Fit Method, the Sjostrand Method and the Source Jerk Method. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with different nuclear data libraries. The results of the Slope Fit Method are in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation results, whereas the Sjostrand Method appears to underestimate the criticality somewhat. The Source Jerk Method is subject to inadequate statistical accuracy.
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| 30. |
- Persson, Carl-Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Pulsed neutron source measurements in the subcritical ADS experiment YALINA-Booster
- 2008
-
In: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 35:12, s. 2357-2364
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A subcritical zero-power source-driven coupled core, the YALINA-Booster. has been constructed for experimental investigations of neutron kinetics of source-driven systems. In this study, the reactivity of two subcritical configurations has been determined by the area ratio method. The prompt neutron decay constants have been evaluated through slope fitting of the prompt neutron decay as well as through the pulsed Rossi-alpha method. It is shown that the slope fitting method and the pulsed Rossi-alpha method give stable results whereas the area ratio method results show spatial dependence. The reasons for the spatial spread are addressed.
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| 31. |
- Persson, Carl-Magnus, 1980-
(author)
-
Reactivity Assessment in Subcritical Systems
- 2007
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Accelerator-driven systems have been proposed for incineration of transuranic elements from spent nuclear fuel. For safe operation of such facilities, a robust method for reactivity monitoring is required. In this thesis, the most important existing reactivity determination methods have been evaluated experimentally in the subcritical YALINA-experiments in Belarus. It is concluded that the existing methods are sufficient for calibration purposes, but not for reactivity monitoring during regular operation of an accelerator-driven system. Conditions for successful utilization of the various methods are presented, based on the experimental experience.
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| 32. |
- Persson, Carl-Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Results from pulsed neutron source measurements in the YALINA-Booster ads experiment
- 2007
-
In: 8th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications and Utilization of Accelerators, ACCAPP'07. - 0894480545 - 9780894480546 ; , s. 924-929
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two subcritical configurations of the zero-power coupled subcritical core YALINA-Booster have been identified through pulsed neutron source measurements. The area ratio and the slope fitting reactivity estimation methods have been utilized as well as the pulsed Rossi-a noise method. The measurements showed that despite the inhomogeneous two-zone core composition a clear single exponential prompt neutron decay was obtained. Spatial spread of the results and converegence issues related to the area ratio method are addressed.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Persson, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
Plasma-derived proteins in airway defence, disease and repair of epithelial injury
- 1998
-
In: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 11:4, s. 958-970
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One significant characteristic of the airway mucosa in vivo, that cannot easily be mimicked in vitro, is its microcirculation, which generates a highly dynamic, biologically active milieu of plasma-derived molecules that may pass to the airway lumen in vivo. New data on the mechanisms of airway mucosal exudation indicate that the protein systems of circulating plasma may contribute significantly to the biology and immunology of the lamina propria, its surface epithelium and the luminal surface, not only in injured airways, but also in airways that are activated but display no sign of oedema, epithelial disruption, or increased absorption capacity. We suggest that present knowledge of the mechanisms of plasma exudation, together with rapidly emerging information (not detailed herein) on receptors, target cells and cellular responses to the plasma-derived molecules, must be considered in any realistic model that investigates "immuno-inflammatory" mechanisms of the airway mucosa.
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| 35. |
- Persson, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
The mouse trap
- 1997
-
In: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. - 0165-6147. ; 18:12, s. 465-467
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mouse models of asthma are now being used extensively in drug research. However, the successful unravelling of combinatorial interplays of cells and molecules in the murine airways may not be matched by equally successful demonstrations of an asthma-like pathophysiology. Here, Carl Persson, Jonas Erjefalt, Magnus Korsgren and Frank Sundler discuss the fact that major features of asthma may still need to be demonstrated in the airways of allergic mice.
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| 36. |
- Skogvall, Staffan, et al.
(author)
-
Discovery of a potent and long-acting bronchorelaxing capsazepinoid, RESPIR 4-95
- 2008
-
In: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-9629 .- 1094-5539. ; 21:1, s. 125-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Current drugs including beta-agonists have limited smooth muscle relaxant effects on human small airways. Yet this is a major site of obstruction in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: This study explores human small airway relaxant effects of RESPIR 4-95, a novel chemical analogue (capsazepinoid) to capsazepine. Capsazepine was recently shown to relax small airways in a way which was independent of its TRPV(1) antagonism and independent of current bronchodilator drug mechanisms. METHOD: In vitro preparations of human small airways, 0.5-1.5mm in diameter and responding with reproducible contractions to leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) for 12h, were used. RESULTS: RESPIR 4-95 reversibly prevented LTD(4)-induced contractions as well as relaxed the established tonic contraction by LTD(4). RESPIR 4-95 exhibited marked improvements over the reference capsazepinoid, capsazepine, by being 10 times more potent, exhibiting twice as long duration of action after wash-out (9h), and inhibiting equally well LTD(4)-, histamine-, prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2))-, and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions. RESPIR 4-95 was distinguished from l-type calcium channel antagonist nifedipine by its greater efficacy and potency and by exhibiting increased relaxant effect by repeated exposures. Furthermore, RESPIR 4-95 was more efficacious and longer acting than the long-acting beta-agonist formoterol. CONCLUSION: Efficacy, potency, duration of action, and inexhaustibility of its relaxation of human small airways make RESPIR 4-95 an interesting lead compound for further developments aiming at drug treatment of small airway obstruction in asthma and COPD. Further work is warranted to unveil the molecular biology behind its relaxant actions.
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| 37. |
- Skogvall, Staffan, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of capsazepine on human small airway responsiveness unravel a novel class of bronchorelaxants.
- 2007
-
In: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-9629 .- 1094-5539. ; 20, s. 273-280
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Capsazepine is known as a transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) antagonist that inhibits bronchoconstriction evoked in animals by TRPV1 agonists. In this study, effects of capsazepine and chemically related analogues, so called capsazepinoids, were examined in vitro on contractile effects in human small airway preparations. Repeated cycles with 1 h of LTD4-free physiological saline solution followed by 30 min exposure to LTD4 (10 nM) demonstrated that the contractile responsiveness of the preparations exhibited little change over time despite repeated challenges (> 12 h). Capsazepine (1-100 mu M) reversibly and concentration-dependently inhibited the contractile response to LTD4 with EC50 similar to 10 mu M and similar to 90% relaxation at 100 mu M. Capsazepine (10 M) was approximately equally effective to attenuate the contractions evoked by several different inflammatory contractile agonists (LTD4, PGD(2), histamine), and it relaxed preparations with established tonic contraction due to LTD4. Higher concentrations of capsazepine were needed to relax ACh-contractions. The effect of capsazepine on LTD4-induced contractions was not significantly reduced by pre-treating the preparations with either of propranotol (10 mu M) + atropine (1 mu M), L-NAME (1 mM), indomethacin (1 mu M), iberiotoxin (0.1 mu M), capsaicin (10 mu M), and nifedipine (10 mu M). Although the mechanism of action of the present capsazepine-induced bronchorelaxation remains unknown it emerged here that they represent a generally effective principle exerting a functional antagonism against contractile mediators but distinct from beta receptor agonists and inhibitors of L-type calcium channels. The inhibitory effect of capsazepine is shared by chemical analogues, but not with other TRPV1 antagonists, suggesting the possibility that capsazepine represents a novel class of bronchorelaxants effective in human small airways. These findings were not predicted by previous observations that have concerned quite limited effects of capsazepine on airway tone in different animal test systems. If potency can be further increased and the results translated to in vivo, compounds representing the capsazepinoid class of bronchorelaxants might become useful in the treatment of patients suffering from asthma and COPD.
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| 38. |
- Sköld, Carl Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
A retrospective chart review of pirfenidone-treated patients in Sweden : the REPRIS study
- 2016
-
In: EUROPEAN CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL. - Järfälla : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease that usually results in respiratory failure and death. Pirfenidone was approved as the first licensed therapy for IPF in Europe based on phase III trials where patients with a forced vital capacity (FVC) >50% of predicted were included. The aim of this study was to characterise patients treated with pirfenidone in Swedish clinical practice and to describe the adherence to the reimbursement restriction since reimbursement was only applied for patients with FVC below 80% of predicted. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational chart review of IPF patients treated with pirfenidone from three Swedish university clinics. Patients initiated on treatment during the period 28 June 2012 to 20 November 2014 were included. Data on patient characteristics, basis of diagnosis, treatment duration, quality of life, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected from medical charts. Results: Forty-four patients were screened and 33 were included in the study. The mean treatment duration from start of pirfenidone until discontinuation or end of study was 38 weeks. At the initiation of pirfenidone treatment, FVC was 62.7% (12.1) [mean (SD)], diffusion capacity (DLco) was 45.1% (13.8) of predicted, and the ratio of forced expiratory volume on 1 sec (FEV1) to FVC was 0.78 (0.1). The percentage of patients with an FVC between 50 and 80% was 87%. Ten of the patients had ADRs including gastrointestinal and skin-related events, cough and signs of impaired hepatic function, but this led to treatment discontinuation in only two patients. Conclusion: Data from this chart review showed that adherence to the Swedish reimbursement restriction was followed in the majority of patients during the study period. At the start of pirfenidone treatment, lung function, measured as FVC, was lower in the present cohort of Swedish IPF patients compared with other registry and real-life data. About a third of the patients had ADRs, but discontinuation of the treatment because of ADRs was relatively uncommon.
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| 39. |
- Spikol, Daniel
(creator_code:cre_t, creator_code:res_t)
-
Forskarnas galleri #5 : People have the power: IOTAP on exhibit
- 2018
-
Artistic workabstract
- Överallt samlar sensorer data som analyseras för att räkna ut hur man sparar energi, hur mycket insulin som ska injiceras, var den närmaste hyrbilen finns, hur många människor som fortfarande är kvar inne i en brinnande byggnad... Denna snabba spridning av teknik kallas för Sakernas Internet, eller IoT. Människor har makten, eller har vi verkligen det? Hur mycket värderar vi vår integritet? Vilka internetanslutna gadgets hjälper oss att leva ett hälsosamt och hållbart liv - och vilka prylar kommer bara att öka vår stressnivå? När blir användningen missbruk? Utställningen undersöker hur IoT påverkar människor, samhälle och industri. Forskningsprojekt i utställningen: Emergent Configuration for IoT Systems (ECOS+), Smart energy management and security (SEMS), Fair Data, Walk the ward, Dynamic Intelligent Sensor-Intensive Systems (DISS), PELARS-projektet och Busrunner presenteras i "IOTAP-labbet"
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Sönnerfors, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
-
The challenges of recruiting never-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the large population-based Swedish CArdiopulmonary bioImage study (SCAPIS) cohort.
- 2024
-
In: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2001-8525. ; 11:1, s. 2372903-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of individuals with COPD have never smoked, and it is implied to be more common than previously anticipated but poorly studied.AIM: To describe the process of recruitment of never-smokers with COPD from a population-based cohort (n = 30 154).METHODS: We recruited never-smokers with COPD, aged 50-75 years, from six University Hospitals, based on: 1) post broncho-dilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 0.70 and 2) FEV1 50-100% of predicted value and 3) being never-smokers (self-reported). In total 862 SCAPIS participants were identified, of which 652 were reachable and agreed to a first screening by telephone. Altogether 128 (20%) were excluded due to previous smoking or declined participation. We also applied a lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1/FVC (z-score<-1.64) according to the Global Lung Initiative to ensure a stricter definition of airflow obstruction.RESULTS: Data on respiratory symptoms, health status, and medical history were collected from 492 individuals, since 32 were excluded at a second data review (declined or previous smoking), prior to the first visit. Due to not matching the required lung function criteria at a second spirometry, an additional 334 (68%) were excluded. These exclusions were by reason of: FEV1/FVC ≥0.7 (49%), FEV1 > 100% of predicted (26%) or z-score ≥ -1,64 (24%). Finally, 154 never-smokers with COPD were included: 56 (36%) women, (mean) age 60 years, FEV1 84% of predicted, FEV1/FVC: 0.6, z-score: -2.2, Oxygen saturation: 97% and BMI: 26.8 kg/m2.CONCLUSIONS: The challenges of a recruitment process of never-smokers with COPD were shown, including the importance of correct spirometry testing and strict inclusion criteria. Our findings highlight the importance of repeated spirometry assessments for improved accuracy in diagnosing COPD.
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| 42. |
- Thorin, Eva, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
PERFOMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF THE VÄXTKRAFT BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT –THE USE OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of ICAE'09. ; , s. 594-602
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today we can see a large potential for biogas production from any kind of organic residue as well as from different crops, farm land residues or graze. However, the technology for biogas production is not optimized and thus not fully cost-effective. To be fully commercially competitive with other types of fuels, efficiency improvements of the process are needed. In the research project BioGasOpt, performed in cooperation between Mälardalen University and industry, performance optimization of the Växtkraft biogas production plant and surrounding systems are studied. In this paper the project will be presented and the possibility for improvements by using membrane filtration to reduce the dry matter in the recirculated water is addressed.In the Växtkraft biogas plant, in Västerås, Sweden, organic wastes from households and restaurants are mixed and fermented with crops from graze land. A lot of water is used in the process and the surplus is filtered off in decanter centrifuges. The decantate from the centrifuges is partly recirculated in the process and the problem is that the content of dry matter in the decantate is increasing and is today around 4 %. In this paper the potential to use membrane filtration to improve the performance of biogas plants is studied. The consequences concerning production capacity, energy use, and operation of the plant are discussed. The first results from tests on using ceramic membrane filters at the Växtkraft biogas plant show that it possible to decrease the content of dry matter in the process water to 2 % at operation temperatures around 100˚C.
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| 43. |
- Titarenko, Yu. E., et al.
(author)
-
Cross sections for nuclide production in a Fe-56 target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons compared with data on a hydrogen target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 MeV/nucleon Fe-56 ions
- 2008
-
In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 78:3, s. 034615-
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work presents the cross sections for radioactive nuclide production in Fe-56( p, x) reactions determined in six experiments using 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons of the external beam from the ITEP U-10 proton accelerator. In total, 221 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals of half-lives from 6.6 min to 312 d have been obtained. The radioactive product nuclide yields were determined by direct gamma-spectrometry. The measured data have been compared with the experimental data obtained elsewhere by the direct and inverse kinematics methods and with calculation results of 15 different codes that simulated hadron-nucleus interactions: MCNPX (INCL, CEM2K, BERTINI, ISABEL), LAHET (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), LAQGSM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), CASCADE-2004, LAHETO, and BRIEFF. Most of the data obtained here are in a good agreement with the inverse kinematics results and disprove the results of some earlier activation measurements that were quite different from the inverse kinematics measurements. The most significant calculation-to-experiment differences are observed in the yields of the A < 30 light nuclei, indicating that further improvements in nuclear reaction models are needed, and pointing out as well to a necessity of more complete experimental measurements of such reaction products.
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| 44. |
- Uller, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 attenuates asthma pathology in mouse eosinophilic airway inflammation.
- 2007
-
In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 8:16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Mast cell-derived prostaglandin D-2 (PGD(2)), may contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production in allergic asthma. Chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2), a high affinity receptor for prostaglandin D-2, mediates trafficking of TH2-cells, mast cells, and eosinophils to inflammatory sites, and has recently attracted interest as target for treatment of allergic airway diseases. The present study involving mice explores the specificity of CRTH2 antagonism of TM30089, which is structurally closely related to the dual TP/CRTH2 antagonist ramatroban, and compares the ability of ramatroban and TM30089 to inhibit asthma-like pathology. Methods: Affinity for and antagonistic potency of TM30089 on many mouse receptors including thromboxane A(2) receptor mTP, CRTH2 receptor, and selected anaphylatoxin and chemokines receptors were determined in recombinant expression systems in vitro. In vivo effects of TM30089 and ramatroban on tissue eosinophilia and mucus cell histopathology were examined in a mouse asthma model. Results: TM30089, displayed high selectivity for and antagonistic potency on mouse CRTH2 but lacked affinity to TP and many other receptors including the related anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors, selected chemokine receptors and the cyclooxygenase isoforms 1 and 2 which are all recognized players in allergic diseases. Furthermore, TM30089 and ramatroban, the latter used as a reference herein, similarly inhibited asthma pathology in vivo by reducing peribronchial eosinophilia and mucus cell hyperplasia. Conclusion: This is the first report to demonstrate anti-allergic efficacy in vivo of a highly selective small molecule CRTH2 antagonist. Our data suggest that CRTH2 antagonism alone is effective in mouse allergic airway inflammation even to the extent that this mechanism can explain the efficacy of ramatroban.
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| 45. |
- Venneri, F., et al.
(author)
-
The analysis of the thorium-fueled modular helium-cooled reactor
- 2009
-
In: 2008 Proceedings of the 4th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology, HTR 2008. - 9780791848548 ; , s. 385-390
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The potential of thorium fertile fuel has been evaluated for a graphite-moderated MHR (Modular Helium Reactor) from the perspective of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in the MHR. The 3-D core analyses have been performed with the thermal-hydraulic-coupled computer code systems (HELIOS-MASTER). The feasibility of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in MHR was evaluated for a simplified equilibrium fuel cycle. A mixed oxide fuel (ThO2-UO2) was used. Whole-core analysis was performed with the MASTER code for various core configurations. In the core analysis, a 3-batch radial fuel shuffling scheme was adopted to find an equilibrium fuel cycle. Three types of fuel blocks were considered: a homogeneous fuel arrangement and two seed-blanket arrangements. It was found that a near self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle (conversion ratio=0.95̃0.97) is feasible for the MHRs with the appropriate U-233 and Th-232 loadings. To achieve a high conversion ratio while maintaining a long cycle length, it is essential to maximize the thorium loading (̃30 tons) and at the same time soften the neutron spectrum to achieve sufficient reactivity. In order to achieve conversion ratios over 0.95 and an 18-month cycle length, the moderator volume needs to be increased with respect to the regular MHR design. Also, removing the inner graphite reflectors increases noticeably the core performance in terms of the conversion ratio and cycle length. A special seed-blanket block configuration (ISB, with seed and blanket fuels in the inner and outer regions of a block, respectively) provides a superior conversion ratio with respect to a homogeneously fueled block, whereas reversing the placement of seed and blanket in the ISB block configuration (with seed fuels in the outer zone) results in a worse performance. In the case of the U233-Th fuel cycle, the fissile (U233+U235) fraction in the discharged fuel is almost 90%. Denaturing of the uranium vector in the self-sustainable U233-Th fuel was investigated by adding 10% LEU in the fuel, to make the initial fissile fraction ̃20.5%. Neutronic analysis of the operation with denatured fuel reveals that the conversion ratio is substantially reduced and the available cycle length is much shorter.
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| 46. |
- Wanhainen, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Misleading study in The Lancet on the outcome of the Swedish AAA screening program : Stor enighet om att screening för bukaortaaneurysm räddar liv.
- 2018
-
In: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 115
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a recent publication in The Lancet Johansson and colleagues claim no effect on aneurysm mortality among men participating in the Swedish AAA screening program, and question its justification. The study is, however, limited by a corrupt study design and incorrect data, making the publication misleading. On the contrary, several RCTs and contemporary nationwide data with sufficient follow-up clearly show that AAA screening saves lives and is highly cost-effective. The program has so far identified about 6000 men with an AAA, of whom 1500 have been operated on to prevent rupture. Thus, more than 750 men have experienced a longer life (by a mean of 8 years) as a result of the program. Continuous evaluation of the program is important but requires a scientifically sound methodology.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Wanhainen, Anders
(author)
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Stor enighet om att screening för bukaortaaneurysm räddar liv : [Misleading study in The Lancet on the outcome of the Swedish AAA screening program]
- 2018
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a recent publication in The Lancet Johansson and colleagues claim no effect on aneurysm mortality among men participating in the Swedish AAA screening program, and question its justification. The study is, however, limited by a corrupt study design and incorrect data, making the publication misleading. On the contrary, several RCTs and contemporary nationwide data with sufficient follow-up clearly show that AAA screening saves lives and is highly cost-effective. The program has so far identified about 6000 men with an AAA, of whom 1500 have been operated on to prevent rupture. Thus, more than 750 men have experienced a longer life (by a mean of 8 years) as a result of the program. Continuous evaluation of the program is important but requires a scientifically sound methodology.
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| 49. |
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