| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 4. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 7. |
- Persson, G. Rutger, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of hip and hand fractures in older persons with or without a diagnosis of periodontitis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 48:3, s. 552-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In a prospective study, we assessed if a diagnosis of osteoporosis and periodontitis could predict hip and hand fractures in older persons. Materials and methods: Bone density was assessed by a Densitometer. Periodontitis was defined by evidence of alveolar bone loss. Results: 788 Caucasians (52.4% women, overall mean age: 76 years, S.D. +/- 9.0, range: 62 to 96) were enrolled and 7.4% had a hip/hand fracture in 3 years. Calcaneus PIXI T-values < - 1.6 identified osteoporosis in 28.2% of the older persons predicting a hip/hand fracture with an odds ratio of 3.3:1 (95% CI: 1.9, 5.7, p < 0.001). Older persons with osteoporosis had more severe periodontitis (p < 0.01). Periodontitis defined by >= 30% of sites with >= 5 mm distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and bone level (ABL) was found in 18.7% of the older persons predicting a hip/hand fracture with an odds ratio of 1.8:1 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3, p < 0.05). Adjusted for age, the odds ratio of a hip/hand fracture in older persons with osteoporosis (PIXI T-value <-2.5) and periodontitis was 12.2:1 (95% CI: 3.5, 42.3, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Older persons with osteoporosis and periodontitis have an increased risk for hip/hand fractures.
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| 8. |
- Östgren, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of atherosclerosis in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes compared to normoglycaemic individuals-a Swedish population-based study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular diabetology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2840. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events and people with diabetes or prediabetes have been found to have increased atherosclerotic burden in the coronary and carotid arteries. This study will estimate the cross-sectional prevalence of atherosclerosis in the coronary and carotid arteries in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes, compared with normoglycaemic individuals in a large population-based cohort.The 30,154 study participants, 50-64years, were categorized according to their fasting glycaemic status or self-reported data as normoglycaemic, prediabetes, and previously undetected or known diabetes. Prevalence of affected coronary artery segments, severity of stenosis and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were determined by coronary computed tomography angiography. Total atherosclerotic burden was assessed in the 11 clinically most relevant segments using the Segment Involvement Score and as the presence of any coronary atherosclerosis. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries was determined by ultrasound examination.Study participants with prediabetes (n=4804, 16.0%) or diabetes (n=2282, 7.6%) had greater coronary artery plaque burden, more coronary stenosis and higher CACS than normoglycaemic participants (all, p<0.01). Among male participants with diabetes 35.3% had CACS≥100 compared to 16.1% among normoglycaemic participants. For women, the corresponding figures were 8.9% vs 6.1%. The prevalence of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries was higher in participants with previously undetected diabetes than prediabetes, but lower than in patients with known diabetes. The prevalence of any plaque in the carotid arteries was higher in participants with prediabetes or diabetes than in normoglycaemic participants.In this large population-based cohort of currently asymptomatic people, the atherosclerotic burden in the coronary and carotid arteries increased with increasing degree of dysglycaemia. The finding that the atherosclerotic burden in the coronary arteries in the undetected diabetes category was midway between the prediabetes category and patients with known diabetes may have implications for screening strategies and tailored prevention interventions for people with dysglycaemia in the future.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 11. |
- Björklund, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Matematikkundervisning
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna boken är skriven av en grupp erfarna norska och svenska lärarutbildare i matematik. Boken bygger på utprövad erfarenhet - såväl egen som andras - och på aktuell, relevant forskning i matematikdidaktik. Texten väver samman matematik och matematikdidaktik, det vill säga ämnet som det undervisas i och frågor om hur ämnet kan läras och undervisas. Boken innehåller det som är absolut viktigast att få med sig i den grundläggande lärarutbildningen i matmatik.
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| 12. |
- Blomkvist, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Communication through Boundary Objects in Distributed Agile Teams
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal communication between User-Centered Design (UCD) specialists and developers is important for communicating user needs and design solutions in agile development. In distributed projects where opportunities for personal communication are limited, the design documentation is an important surrogate. This study has investigated the perceived effectiveness of boundary objects in a distributed agile team, and their role in communicating target user needs. Six in-depth interviews with UCD specialists showed that the boundary objects rarely communicate underlying needs of the users but rather focus on interaction with the system that is being developed. The used boundary objects also do not work as stand-alone deliverables; they need to be explained and elaborated. Making the boundary objects comprehensive enough to be stand-alone is seen as too time consuming and not worth the effort. For agile projects with distributed teams, this creates hand-over and follow-up problems.
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| 13. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 14. |
- Grevholm, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Lära och undervisa matematik : från förskoleklass till åk 6
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lära och undervisa matematik - från förskoleklass till åk 6 är en grundbok i matematik och matematikämnets didaktik. Den vänder sig till lärarstuderande och till verksamma lärare som vill aktualisera sina kunskaper och ta del av den senaste forskningen samt sätta sig in i de nya kursplanerna och kunskapskraven i matematik.
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| 15. |
- Hagstrom, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT AT AGE 20 AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING ADULTHOOD ON MIDLIFE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN 15,000 MEN AND WOMEN : AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDISH CARDIOPULMONARY BIOIMAGE STUDY
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 1692-1692
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundElevated body weight in adolescence is strongly associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, or to weight gain with subsequent high adult weight is not known. Using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated the association between weight at age 20, weight gain to midlife and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) at midlife.MethodsIn the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on CACS at midlife, self-reported body weight at age 20 and weight at examination in SCAPIS were recorded.ResultsCACS in midlife was significantly higher with increasing weight at age 20 (p<0.001 for both sexes), and then increased with weight gain until midlife at all levels of body weight at age 20 after adjusting for age, height, smoking, alcohol intake, education level, exercise levels and LDL cholesterol. However, the association with weight gain was only significant in men (p = 0.047), not in women (p=0.474). No significant interaction was seen between weight at age 20 and midlife weight with CACS. The effect of weight at age 20 on CACS was significantly more marked in men than in women, as was the effect of weight gain (p<0.001 for both interactions).ConclusionWeight at age 20 and weight gain to midlife were both related to CACS, but much more markedly so in men than in women, indicating a generally larger effect of both early adult weight and further weight gain until midlife on CACS in men, compared to women.
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| 16. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- La Fleur, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of scavenger receptor MARCO defines a targetable tumor-associated macrophage subset in non-small cell lung cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 143:7, s. 1741-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are attractive targets for immunotherapy. Recently, studies in animal models showed that treatment with an anti-TAM antibody directed against the scavenger receptor MARCO resulted in suppression of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Here we investigated the expression of MARCO in relation to other macrophage markers and immune pathways in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort (n=352). MARCO, CD68, CD163, MSR1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and associations to other immune cells and regulatory pathways were studied in a subset of cases (n=199) with available RNA-seq data. We observed a large variation in macrophage density between cases and a strong correlation between CD68 and CD163, suggesting that the majority of TAMs present in NSCLC exhibit a protumor phenotype. Correlation to clinical data only showed a weak trend toward worse survival for patients with high macrophage infiltration. Interestingly, MARCO was expressed on a distinct subpopulation of TAMs, which tended to aggregate in close proximity to tumor cell nests. On the transcriptomic level, we found a positive association between MARCO gene expression and general immune response pathways including strong links to immunosuppressive TAMs, T-cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. Indeed, a higher macrophage infiltration was seen in tumors expressing PD-L1, and macrophages residing within tumor cell nests co-expressed MARCO and PD-L1. Thus, MARCO is a potential new immune target for anti-TAM treatment in a subset of NSCLC patients, possibly in combination with available immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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| 18. |
- Oldgren, Jonas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation estimated risk and prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis in coronary and carotid arteries: A population-based cohort analysis from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 28:3, s. 250-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background It is not clear if the European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation algorithm is useful for identifying prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis in a population of apparently healthy individuals. Our aim was to explore the association between the risk estimates from Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation and prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional analysis from a population-based study cohort. Methods From the general population, the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study randomly invited individuals aged 50-64 years and enrolled 13,411 participants mean age 57 (standard deviation 4.3) years; 46% males between November 2013-December 2016. Associations between Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation risk estimates and coronary artery calcification and plaques in the carotid arteries by using imaging data from a computed tomography of the heart and ultrasonography of the carotid arteries were examined. Results Coronary calcification was present in 39.5% and carotid plaque in 56.0%. In men, coronary artery calcium score >0 ranged from 40.7-65.9% and presence of carotid plaques from 54.5% to 72.8% in the age group 50-54 and 60-65 years, respectively. In women, the corresponding difference was from 17.1-38.9% and from 41.0-58.4%. A doubling of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation was associated with an increased probability to have coronary artery calcium score >0 (odds ratio: 2.18 (95% confidence interval 2.07-2.30)) and to have >1 carotid plaques (1.67 (1.61-1.74)). Conclusion Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation estimated risk is associated with prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis in two major vascular beds in a general population sample without established cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. Thus, the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation risk chart may be of use for estimating the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 19. |
- Rosendal, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Serine Protease Inhibitors Restrict Host Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infections
- 2022
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, is a complex disease with a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic infections to severe acute respiratory syndrome with lethal outcome. Individual factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities increase the risk for severe infections, but other aspects, such as genetic variations, are also likely to affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. Here, we used a human 3D lung cell model based on primary cells derived from multiple donors to identity host factors that regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a transcriptomics-based approach, we found that less susceptible donors show a higher expression level of serine protease inhibitors SERPINA1, SERPINE1, and SERPINE2, identifying variation in cellular serpin levels as restricting host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We pinpoint their antiviral mechanism of action to inhibition of the cellular serine protease, TMPRSS2, thereby preventing cleavage of the viral spike protein and TMPRSS2-mediated entry into the target cells. By means of single-cell RNA sequencing, we further locate the expression of the individual serpins to basal, ciliated, club, and goblet cells. Our results add to the importance of genetic variations as determinants for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and suggest that genetic deficiencies of cellular serpins might represent risk factors for severe COVID-19. Our study further highlights TMPRSS2 as a promising target for antiviral intervention and opens the door for the usage of locally administered serpins as a treatment against COVID-19.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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MEASURES OF WAIST AND HIP MODIFY SEX-SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 13-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is still a debate whether accumulation of fat in certain depots modifies this risk. Using data from the CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated if anthropometric measurements of obesity (waist and hip) modifies the risk of coronary artery calcification. Methods: In the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and anthropometry were recorded and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as; <25, 25-30, 30-35 and >35 kg/m2 , quartiles of waist and hip circumferences were constructed within each BMI category and compared using the lowest quartile as reference. Results were adjusted for site, age, smoking and diabetes status. Results: Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2 ) was found in 21.9% of men and in 20.5% of women. In both sexes the odds ratio (OR) for CACS >0 increased with increasing BMI categories: comparing <25 and >35 kg/m2 , OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.7) for men and OR = 1.4 (1.2-1.8) for women. In addition, increasing quartiles of waist significantly increased the prevalence of CACS >0 for men [p = 0.05; OR = 1.2 (1.0-1.4) for highest quartile] and women [p = 0.005; OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5)] while increasing quartiles of hip significantly decreased the prevalence for men [p = 0.005; OR = 0.8 (0.6-0.9)] and women [p = 0.04; OR = 0.8 (0.7-0.9)]. Data on education level and physical activity did not affect the model. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with increased prevalence of coronary artery calcification and the distribution of fat modifies this risk. Our results suggest that gluteofemoral adipose tissue (hip) counteracts the negative effects associated with BMI and abdominal adipose tissue (waist).
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| 22. |
- Vidner, Olle, 1990-
(författare)
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On Multi-Disciplinary Optimization in Engineer-to-Order Product Configuration
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Customized products are becoming increasingly common, and increasingly important for maintaining a competitive advantage in certain industries. Being able to quickly and accurately respond to unique customer requirements can provide a competitive edge or even be the only path to survival. In practice, configurators are commonly used to manage the customization process, gathering the customer’s requirements and suggesting feasible solutions to the customer’s problem.Fostering and maintaining a viable product customization offering is not easy. A particularly challenging category of products is one where an extensive engineering effort might be needed to even produce a reliable estimate of the product’s price. These products are usually referred to as engineer-to-order (ETO) products.Prior work has pointed out the potential of using optimization as part of configuration solutions for ETO products, but the literature is limited in its extent and does not clearly prescribe how to structure and approach such solutions.This thesis outlines a conceptual and technical architecture for implementing optimization-based configuration solutions. Reusable primitives for supporting the routines involved in this architecture are provided. These findings are verified through application and evaluation within two industrial case studies, also yielding important industrial needs to cover in the future research and development of the proposed framework. By examining three additional case studies, common issues in the development and deployment of design automation (DA) systems are identified.Successful implementation of the proposed framework for optimization-based configurators can lead to two main benefits. First, engineering configurator prototypes can be developed rapidly, to test the viability of configurator projects – a category of projects prone to expensive failures. Second, optimization-based configurators can be used to support rapid design space exploration in early product development stages, leading to enhanced product knowledge in a critical phase, and in turn, increased product value.
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| 23. |
- Ahmad, Irma, et al.
(författare)
-
High prevalence of persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life 6 months after COVID-19
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The long-term sequelae after COVID-19 constitute a challenge to public health and increased knowledge is needed. We investigated the prevalence of self-reported persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to functional exercise capacity, 6 months after infection, and explored risk factors for COVID-19 sequalae.METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study including 434 patients. At 6 months, physical exercise capacity was assessed by a 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1MSTST) and persistent symptoms were reported and HRQoL was evaluated through the EuroQol 5-level 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Patients with both persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL were classified into a new definition of post-acute COVID syndrome, PACS+. Risk factors for developing persistent symptoms, reduced HRQoL and PACS+ were identified by multivariable Poisson regression.RESULTS: Persistent symptoms were experienced by 79% of hospitalized, and 59% of non-hospitalized patients at 6 months. Hospitalized patients had a higher prevalence of self-assessed reduced overall health (28 vs. 12%) and PACS+ (31 vs. 11%). PACS+ was associated with reduced exercise capacity but not with abnormal pulse/desaturation during 1MSTST. Hospitalization was the most important independent risk factor for developing persistent symptoms, reduced overall health and PACS+.CONCLUSION: Persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL are common among COVID-19 survivors, but abnormal pulse and peripheral saturation during exercise could not distinguish patients with PACS+. Patients with severe infection requiring hospitalization were more likely to develop PACS+, hence these patients should be prioritized for clinical follow-up after COVID-19.
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| 24. |
- Anderson, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Self-Heating in Wood Pellets by FE Modelling
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The self-heating process in a laboratory scale experiment has been modelled using the Comsol Multiphysics software. In the simulations the gas flow and air movement in the volume and heat diffusion in the bulk were taken into account however only one reaction in the pellets bulk is considered. The input data is found from measurements of the reaction chemistry and the heat transfer properties. It is found that all relevant physics is needed in order to obtain reasonable predictions in particular the heat transfer between the bulk and the gas is important but also condensation and evaporation of moisture.
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| 25. |
- Anrup, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Högskolestiftelser. Förslaget att driva svenska universitet i stiftelseform öppnar för bolagisering. Men det är ingen riktig utredning, utan en politisk pamflett utan eftertanke. Privatisering av universitet hotar både oberoendet, forskningskvaliteten och samhällsnyttan, skriver 36 forskare vid svenska högskolor och universitet.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bergholm, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen fluxes after clear-cutting. Ground vegetation uptake and stump/root immobilisation reduce N leaching after experimental liming, acidification and N fertilisation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 342, s. 64-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clear-cutting often results in a dramatic change in the soil nitrogen (N) balance. This study analysed the fate of inorganic soil N over four years (1992-1995) in a new clear-cut containing three replicate blocks. Treatments comprised control (0), 6000 kg CaCO3 ha(-1) (Ca), 600 kg sulphur powder ha(-1) (S) and 600 kg urea-N ha(-1) (U), applied during 1976-1987 to a Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest. Trees were cut in March 1992, after which stems, tops and branches were removed from the 12 experimental plots. Spruce seedlings were planted in May 1992. Clear-cutting resulted in accumulation of approx. 50 kg inorganic N ha(-1) in the 30 cm deep topsoil of the 0, S and U treatments and 25 kg N ha(-1) in the Ca treatment by October of 1992. During the next two years, the inorganic pools increased (S), stabilised (0 and U) or declined (Ca), but from the end of the third year all inorganic pools decreased. Plant cover gradually increased with dominance of Deschampsia flexuosa. Mean plant N uptake in grasses, forbs and spruce seedlings was estimated at 95 (0), 139 (Ca), 52 (S) and 121 (U) kg N ha(-1) for the four-year period. Nitrogen leaching at 50 cm depth was dominated by NO3-N and culminated during the second (Ca and U) and third (0 and S) years. Cumulative N leaching for the four-year period was lower for U and Ca (28 and 31 kg N ha(-1)) than for 0 and S (53 and 81 kg N ha(-1)), and was inversely correlated with plant N uptake. Nitrogen immobilisation in stumps and root necromass (including spruce and grass roots) was calculated to be 35-45 kg N ha(-1) during this period. The four-year N balance showed 5-17% higher inputs (net mineralisation and deposition) than outputs (plant uptake, leaching, immobilisation in dead stumps/roots and accumulation of inorganic N). Gaseous N losses were not studied, but high pH and high NO3--N formation in the organic layers of the Ca treatment in 1992 might have favoured denitrification, which can partly explain the lower amount of inorganic N remaining in this treatment. A novel finding was that stump and dead root immobilisation of N was quantitatively important. A second novel finding was that lime application, although stimulating nitrification, also stimulated plant N uptake so much that nitrate leaching was reduced in comparison with the control and sulphur treatments. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Berglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteoporosis and peridontitis in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 69:4, s. 201-207
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) osteoporosis and periodontitis. Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% women) aged 59-96 years. Periodontitis was defined by alveolar bone loss assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values ≤-2.5 (osteoporosis) were found in 16.3% of women and in 8.1% of men. PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 (osteoporosis, adjusted) were found in 34.2% of women and in 21.4% of men. The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in women (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and men (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level ≥5 mm. Subjects with osteoporosis defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of osteoporosis and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson χ(2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between osteoporosis and periodontitis was only found in women for the T-value cut-off ≤-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was only confirmed in women. The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.
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| 29. |
- Bergström, Johan M, et al.
(författare)
-
IMPLEMENTERING OCH INNOVATIONER FÖR FÄRDPLAN BYGG- OCH ANLÄGGNINGSSEKTORN : Förslag till aktiviteter och projekt för färdplanens genomförandet och måluppfyllelse
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhället och mänskligheten står inför en av de största utmaningar vi har ställts inför någonsin. Klimatet berör oss alla. Aldrig tidigare har vi vetat så mycket om vårt beteende, vår påverkan och konsekvenserna för jordens klimat - samtidigt som vi fortsätter bygga vårt samhälle på ett på många sätt ohållbart vis. Idag står byggsektorn för cirka en femtedel av Sveriges samlade klimatutsläpp (Boverket, 2021). Fossilfritt Sverige bildades på initiativ av regeringen år 2015 inför FN:s klimatmöte i Paris, och lanserade år 2018 ”Färdplanen för bygg- och anläggningssektorn” (”färdplanen”), en av 22 branschspecifika färdplaner - med målsättning om en klimatneutral byggbransch till år 2045 (Fossilfritt Sverige, 2018). Sedan färdplanen lanserades 2018 har utveckling skett inom hållbarhets- och klimatområdet för Bygg- och anläggningssektorn. Exempelvis så har olika initiativ och plattformar startats upp med mål för minskad klimatpåverkan och klimatneutralitet, flertalet projekt med låg klimatpåverkan har genomförts, antal certifierade byggnader ökar, tillgång till betong och stål med lägre klimatpåverkan ökar och lagen om klimatdeklarationer har trätt i kraft. Trots denna utveckling finns det indikationer på att det går för långsamt och risk finns att färdplanens mål missas (Byggindustrin, 2022) (Fosilfritt, 2022) (Klimatpolitiska rådet, 2022). Detta utvecklingsprojekt syftade till att ta fram åtgärder för implementering och innovationer för att uppnå färdplanens mål. Projektets kartläggning, litteraturstudie inklusive enklare utsläppskartläggning förväntades ge en bild om vad som behöver göras framåt för att nå färdplanens mål och ligga till grund för ett förslag till aktiviteter och projekt som kan ligga till grund för en nationell genomförandeplan med en strategi och struktur för färdplanens implementerings- och innovationsarbete. Projektet har genomförts i ett antal arbetspaket med ingående aktiviteter, såsom nulägesanalys, litteraturstudier, utsläppskartläggning, intervjuer och workshops. Nulägesanalys och utsläppskartläggning har bestått att söka information och data i websökningar, litteraturstudier, och i samtal med branschaktörer om vilka genomförda och pågående initiativ och projekt som finns, samt kartlägga och redovisa utsläpp uppdelat på de olika branscherna inom bygg- och anläggningssektorn. Djupintervjuer har gjorts med ett flertal branschaktörer med kunskap, insyn och erfarenhet av klimat- och hållbarhetsarbete i bygg- och anläggningssektorn. I workshops, i projektet, kallade branschdialoger, har likt intervjuerna ställt ett antal frågor till en grupp branschaktörer och diskuterat dessa. I arbetet med gapanalys har bland annat ett framsynsarbete genomförts för att lyfta det som kan påverka och är avgörande för genomförandet av färdplanen. Projektet har samlat tankar och idéer från sektorns och forskarsamhällets både tongivande och engagerade personer. Beroende på vilka personer som har medverkat har detta resulterat det i olika utfall. Det som framkommit från intervjuerna, workshops och dialoger har inte direkt kontrollerats eller förankrats mot fakta och vetenskap, utan det har använts för att ge det underlag som detta projekts arbete vilar på tillsammans med projektets övriga arbete inom nuläges-, önskade- och gapanalyser. I det slutlig syntetiserade arbetet har projektgruppen valt ut det viktigaste, mest relevanta och intressanta ur de olika delaktiviteterna i projektet till åtta förändringsområden. Inom dessa respektive förändringsområde ges förslag till aktiviteter och projekt för färdplanens genomförande och måluppfyllelse. De åtta förändringsområden som projektet rekommenderar att färdplanens arbete framåt är: Flexibel och adaptiv användning samt ökad nyttjandegrad, Digitalisering, Hållbara material, produkter och system, Effektiv resursanvändning och cirkulära flöden, Elektrifiering, Regulatoriska krav och styrning, Hållbar finansiering och prissättning av miljöeffekten samt Energieffektivisering. Alla förslagen vilka var och en, och i kombination, bidrar till att accelerera klimatarbetet och minska klimatpåverkan. Av de resultat och förslag till aktiviteter och projekt till implementeringar och innovationer för färdplanens genomförande kan ett urval av dem återfinnas som uppmaningar i färdplanen. Att iii förslagen uppkommer igen drygt fyra år senare kan ses som ett behov att ytterligare fokusera på färdplanens implementering, då uppmaningarna ännu inte har gett den effekt som efterfrågats, eller inte har omhändertagits tillräckligt. De föreslagna aktiviteterna och projekten i detta arbete behöver vidareutvecklas, paketeras samt hitta finansieringslösningar för det fortsatta arbetet för färdplanens genomförande, så att det skapas ett reellt genomslag i branschen för att nå färdplanens mål. En generell rekommendationen från detta projekt är att skala upp pilot- och demoprojekt samt goda exempel till fullskaleprojekt i högre utsträckning samt att tillgängliggöra och dela resultat och underlag från dessa projekt för att öka transparensen mellan olika initiativ och projekt. De förändringsområde som utmärker sig mest och har i arbetet framhållits som de viktigaste samt anses ha störst påverkan på implementeringen av färdplanen för bygg och anläggningssektorn är: Regulatoriska krav och styrning, Elektrifiering, Flexibel och adaptiv användning samt nyttjandegrad samt Hållbar finansiering och prissättning av miljöeffekten. Projektet har vidare identifierat ett stort behov av sammanhållande och heltäckande klimatdata som är nedbrutna på olika delsektorer och ämnesområden inom bygg- och anläggningssektorn. Projektets rekommendation är därför att påskynda arbetet att kvantitativt beräkna de nationella klimatutsläppen som kan ligga till grund för att göra en nationell väsentlighetsanalys för att ge implementering av färdplanen rätt fokus och prioritering. Dock så visar projektets modulering att och analys är att reduktionen av klimatemissioner från bygg- och anläggningssektorn måste starta omgående. Vidare är utveckling av ett klimatfokuserat upphandlingsförfarande med relevanta och effektiva upphandlingskriterier av största vikt avseende framtida klimatrelaterade funktionskrav på bebyggelse genom hela livscykeln. Slutligen behöver nya affärsmodeller utforskas för att utveckla nya ekonomiska incitament som premierar kvalitet, upcycling, bevarande, återbruk och delande.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults : The SCAPIS cohort study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 32:5, s. 866-880
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an “at-risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Dependence of the colored frequency noise in spin torque oscillators on current and magnetic field
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:9, s. 092405-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nano-scale spin torque oscillator (STO) is a compelling device for on-chip, highly tunable microwave frequency signal generation. Currently, one of the most important challenges for the STO is to increase its longer-time frequency stability by decreasing the 1/f frequency noise, but its high level makes even its measurement impossible using the phase noise mode of spectrum analyzers. Here, we present a custom made time-domain measurement system with 150MHz measurement bandwidth making possible the investigation of the variation of the 1/f as well as the white frequency noise in a STO over a large set of operating points covering 18-25GHz. The 1/f level is found to be highly dependent on the oscillation amplitude-frequency non-linearity and the vicinity of unexcited oscillation modes. These findings elucidate the need for a quantitative theoretical treatment of the low-frequency, colored frequency noise in STOs. Based on the results, we suggest that the 1/f frequency noise possibly can be decreased by improving the microstructural quality of the metallic thin films.
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Anders J., et al.
(författare)
-
Triple mode-jumping in a spin torque oscillator
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 22nd International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, ICNF 2013. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479906680 ; , s. 6578965-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a nano-contact Co/Cu/NiFe spin torque oscillator, mode-jumping between up to three frequencies within 22.5-24.0 GHz is electrically observed in the time domain. The measurements reveal toggling between two states with differing oscillation amplitude, of which the low-amplitude state is further divided into two rapidly alternating modes. Analysis of the mode dwell time statistics and the total time spent in each mode is carried out, and it is found that in both aspects the balance between the modes is greatly altered with the DC drive current.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ekström, Magnus Pär, et al.
(författare)
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The association of body mass index, weight gain and central obesity with activity-related breathlessness : the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 74:10, s. 958-964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Breathlessness is common in the population, especially in women and associated with adverse health outcomes. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2)) is rapidly increasing globally and its impact on breathlessness is unclear.Methods: This population-based study aimed primarily to evaluate the association of current BMI and self-reported change in BMI since age 20 with breathlessness (modified Research Council score >= 1) in the middle-aged population. Secondary aims were to evaluate factors that contribute to breathlessness in obesity, including the interaction with spirometric lung volume and sex.Results: We included 13 437 individuals; mean age 57.5 years; 52.5% women; mean BMI 26.8 (SD 4.3); mean BMI increase since age 20 was 5.0 kg/m(2); and 1283 (9.6%) reported breathlessness. Obesity was strongly associated with increased breathlessness, OR 3.54 (95% CI, 3.03 to 4.13) independent of age, sex, smoking, airflow obstruction, exercise level and the presence of comorbidities. The association between BMI and breathlessness was modified by lung volume; the increase in breathlessness prevalence with higher BMI was steeper for individuals with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). The higher breathlessness prevalence in obese women than men (27.4% vs 12.5%; p<0.001) was related to their lower FVC. Irrespective of current BMI and confounders, individuals who had increased in BMI since age 20 had more breathlessness.Conclusion: Breathlessness is independently associated with obesity and with weight gain in adult life, and the association is stronger for individuals with lower lung volumes.
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative membrane proteomics applying narrow range peptide isoelectric focusing for studies of small cell lung cancer resistance mechanisms
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 28:5C, s. 3275-3276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug resistance is often associated with upregulation of membrane-associated drug-efflux systems, and thus global membrane proteomics methods are valuable tools in the search for novel components of drug resistance phenotypes. Herein we have compared the microsomal proteome from the lung cancer cell line H69 and its isogenic Doxorubicin-resistant subcell line H69AR. The method used includes microsome preparation, iTRAQ labeling followed by narrow range peptide IEF in an immobilized pH-gradient (IPG-IEF) and LC-MS/MS analysis. We demonstrate that the microsomal preparation and iTRAQ labeling is reproducible regarding protein content and composition. The rationale using narrow range peptide IPG-IEF separation is demonstrated by its ability to: (i) lowering the complexity of the sample by two-thirds while keeping high proteome coverage (96%), (ii) providing high separation efficiency, and (iii) allowing for peptide validation and possibly identifications of post-transcriptional modifications. After analyzing one-fifth of the IEF fractions (effective pH range of 4.0-4.5), a total of 3704 proteins were identified, among which 527 were predicted to be membrane proteins. One of the proteins found to be differentially expressed was Serca 2, a calcium pump located in the ER membrane that potentially could result in changes of apoptotic response toward Doxorubicin.
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| 38. |
- Gustafsson, Erik, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Design Automation and Machine Learning algorithms for creation of easily modifiable splines
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2020, Lyngby, Denmark, 12th - 14th August 2020. - : The Design Society. - 9781912254088
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to enable easy modification of results from a design optimization process in a CAD tool, a flexible representation of the geometry is needed. This is not always trivial however, since many file formats are not importable as modifiable geometry into the CAD tool, and if they are, they might not represent the geometry in a way that enables easy modification. To mitigate this problem a design automation (DA) and a machine learning (ML) approach are developed and compared using a test case from an optimization process used to optimize hose routing in tight spaces. In the test case used, the geometry from the optimization process consists of center curves represented as a large number of points. To enable easy modification a more flexible representation is needed such as a spline with a few well-placed control points. Both the DA and ML approach can approximate center curves from the optimization process as splines containing a varying number of control points but do show different properties. The DA approach is considerably slower than the ML but adds a lot of flexibility regarding accuracy and the number of control points used.
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Erik, 1993-
(författare)
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Exploring Data-Driven Methods to Enhance Usability of Design Optimization
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developing high-performing products at a low cost while keeping development time down is increasingly important in today’s competitive market. The current state presents a need for efficient product development processes. One of the challenges is knowledge often being limited in early stages where the cost of making changes is still relatively low. As the process progresses more knowledge is gained to better support decisions; however the cost of making changes increases, limiting the design freedom. To increase knowledge while retaining design freedom, several computer-based tools are available to both generate and evaluate designs in order to make iterations faster and more accurate.Design Optimization (DO) can be utilized to explore the design space and find optimal designs. A Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is often required as input to analysis tools evaluating the designs. By utilizing Design Automation (DA) several tasks involved in creation and modification of CAD models can be automated. For this reason, DA is sometimes considered an enabler for DO although its use is far wider, covering several aspects of the design process mainly focusing on automating repetitive and routine tasks.Machine Learning and other data-driven methods are becoming increasingly viable in the context of DO and DA. This thesis explores the use of data-driven methods to enhance the usability of DO in different ways such as a faster process, new use-cases, or a more integrated and automated process. Literature in the area is reviewed, identifying applications, trends and challenges. Furthermore, two support tools are developed, incorporating data-driven methods tied to an industrial case. The applications focus on parameterizing geometry and predicting design performance respectively. Potential benefits, limitations, and challenges are discussed based on the literature review and insights from the two support tools. The focus of the thesis is mainly on how data-driven methods can facilitate automation and integration in the design process, specifically for complex products requiring significant engineering efforts.
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| 40. |
- Hafstað, Völundur, et al.
(författare)
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Improved detection of clinically relevant fusion transcripts in cancer by machine learning classification
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BMC. - 1471-2164. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundGenomic rearrangements in cancer cells can create fusion genes that encode chimeric proteins or alter the expression of coding and non-coding RNAs. In some cancer types, fusions involving specific kinases are used as targets for therapy. Fusion genes can be detected by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and targeted fusion panels, but RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has the advantageous capability of broadly detecting expressed fusion transcripts.ResultsWe developed a pipeline for validation of fusion transcripts identified in RNA-Seq data using matched WGS data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and applied it to 910 tumors from 11 different cancer types. This resulted in 4237 validated gene fusions, 3049 of them with at least one identified genomic breakpoint. Utilizing validated fusions as true positive events, we trained a machine learning classifier to predict true and false positive fusion transcripts from RNA-Seq data. The final precision and recall metrics of the classifier were 0.74 and 0.71, respectively, in an independent dataset of 249 breast tumors. Application of this classifier to all samples with RNA-Seq data from these cancer types vastly extended the number of likely true positive fusion transcripts and identified many potentially targetable kinase fusions. Further analysis of the validated gene fusions suggested that many are created by intrachromosomal amplification events with microhomology-mediated non-homologous end-joining.ConclusionsA classifier trained on validated fusion events increased the accuracy of fusion transcript identification in samples without WGS data. This allowed the analysis to be extended to all samples with RNA-Seq data, facilitating studies of tumor biology and increasing the number of detected kinase fusions. Machine learning could thus be used in identification of clinically relevant fusion events for targeted therapy. The large dataset of validated gene fusions generated here presents a useful resource for development and evaluation of fusion transcript detection algorithms.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Häggström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Talloppfatning, aritmetikk og algebra
- 2013
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Ingår i: Matematikkundervisning 1-7. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 9788202405458 ; , s. 87-145
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Idborg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Levels of Interferon Regulatory Factor-5 Associates With Subgroups of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, which currently lacks specific diagnostic biomarkers. The diversity within the patients obstructs clinical trials but may also reflect differences in underlying pathogenesis. Our objective was to obtain protein profiles to identify potential general biomarkers of SLE and to determine molecular subgroups within SLE for patient stratification. Plasma samples from a cross-sectional study of well-characterized SLE patients (n = 379) and matched population controls (n = 316) were analyzed by antibody suspension bead array targeting 281 proteins. To investigate the differences between SLE and controls, Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction, generalized linear modeling and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were performed. K-means clustering was used to identify molecular SLE subgroups. We identified Interferon regulating factor 5 (IRF5), solute carrier family 22 member 2 (SLC22A2) and S100 calcium binding protein A12 (S100A12) as the three proteins with the largest fold change between SLE patients and controls (SLE/Control = 1.4, 1.4, and 1.2 respectively). The lowest p-values comparing SLE patients and controls were obtained for S100A12, Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and SLC22A2 (p(adjusted) = 3 x 10(-9), 3 x 10(-6), and 5 x 10(-6) respectively). In a set of 15 potential biomarkers differentiating SLE patients and controls, two of the proteins were transcription factors, i.e., IRF5 and SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF). IRF5 was up-regulated while SPDEF was found to be down-regulated in SLE patients. Unsupervised clustering of all investigated proteins identified three molecular subgroups among SLE patients, characterized by (1) high levels of rheumatoid factor-IgM, (2) low IRF5, and (3) high IRF5. IRF5 expressing microparticles were analyzed by flow cytometry in a subset of patients to confirm the presence of IRF5 in plasma and detection of extracellular IRF5 was further confirmed by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Interestingly IRF5, a known genetic risk factor for SLE, was detected extracellularly and suggested by unsupervised clustering analysis to differentiate between SLE subgroups. Our results imply a set of circulating molecules as markers of possible pathogenic importance in SLE. We believe that these findings could be of relevance for understanding the pathogenesis and diversity of SLE, as well as for selection of patients in clinical trials.
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| 44. |
- Jackowski, Christian, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative MRI in Isotropic Spatial Resolution for Forensic Soft Tissue Documentation. Why and How?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Blackwell. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 56:1, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quantification of T1, T2, and PD in high isotropic resolution was performed on corpses. Isotropic and quantified postmortem magnetic resonance (IQpmMR) enables sophisticated 3D postprocessing, such as reformatting and volume rendering. The body tissues can be characterized by the combination of these three values. The values of T1, T2, and PD were given as coordinates in a T1-T2-PD space where similar tissue voxels formed clusters. Implementing in a volume rendering software enabled color encoding of specific tissues and pathologies in 3D models of the corpse similar to computed tomography, but with distinctively more powerful soft tissue discrimination. From IQpmMR data, any image plane at any contrast weighting may be calculated or 3D color-encoded volume rendering may be carried out. The introduced approach will enable future computer-aided diagnosis that, e.g., checks corpses for a hemorrhage distribution based on the knowledge of its T1-T2-PD vector behavior in a high spatial resolution.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Förord
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bedöma eller berömma : niondeklassares kamrat- och sjävbedömning vid ensemblemusicerande i musikundervisningen - niondeklassares kamrat- och sjävbedömning vid ensemblemusicerande i musikundervisningen. ; 2014:1
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is associated with coronary artery stenosis independently of metabolic risk factors : the population-based SCAPIS study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 362, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA and carotid artery ultrasound were performed in 23,674 individuals without clinical atherosclerotic disease. These subjects were divided into six groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the NCEP consensus criteria. Results: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was increased in individuals with obesity without MetS compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.34–1.62; p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for non-HDL-cholesterol and several lifestyle factors. Such difference was not observed for the presence of carotid artery plaques (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87–1.02; p = 0.11). Obese or overweight individuals without any MetS criteria (except the waist criterion) showed significantly more pronounced stenosis in the coronary arteries as compared to the normal-weight individuals, while one criterion was needed to show increased plaque prevalence in the carotid arteries. High blood pressure was the most important single criterion for increased atherosclerosis in this respect. Conclusions: Individuals with obesity without MetS showed increased severity of coronary artery stenosis, but no increased occurrence of carotid artery plaques compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS, further emphasizing that obesity is not a benign condition even in the absence of MetS.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Malm, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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UTVÄRDERING AV SI-VERKSAMHETEN VID LUNDS UNIVERSITET 2016/17
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samverkansinlärning/Supplemental Instruction (SI) är en pedagogisk metod som syftar till att öka genomströmningen i svåra kurser. Metoden uppstod i USA vid University of Missouri Kansas City i mitten på 1970-talet och har därefter spridits till mer än 1500 högre lärosäten i ett trettiotal länder (Martin, 2008). Kort kan SI sägas vara ett studentdrivet komplement till ordinarie undervisning vid högre utbildning. Material i en kurs bearbetas tillsammans i en studiegrupp genom diskussion och grupparbeten under ledning av en äldre student – den s.k. SI-ledaren. Samverkansinlärning kom till Lunds universitet 1994 och har fått stor spridning på universitetet. Lund universitet utgör också ett nav för SI både i Sverige (SI finns på ca 15 svenska högre lärosäten) och i Europa och är också platsen för det nordeuropeiska SI-centret som ansvarar för utbildning och uppföljning i området på uppdrag av det internationella SI-centret i USA. Denna rapport sammanfattar resultaten från en utvärdering av SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet under läsåret 2016/17. SI-programmet vid Lunds universitet är omfattande med verksamhet på sex av universitetets fakulteter. Totalt har vi årligen ca 230 verksamma SIledare i ett sjuttiotal kurser. Organisationen av SI varierar mellan de olika fakulteterna. En ytterlighet finns vid LTH och naturvetenskaplig fakultet där verksamheten är starkt centraliserad. Den andra ytterligheten är vid samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet där SI-verksamheten är decentraliserad till de olika ämnena. Det som förenar de olika verksamhetsansvariga är den entusiasm som finns för SI-konceptet samt de dedikerade studenter som är SI-ledare. Närvaron på SI-möten är relativt god. Totalt har vi över 4000 studenter vid Lunds universitet som nyttjar SI varje år och en närvaro kring 30 % av kursregistrerade i snitt. Antalet deltagare på ett SI-möte ligger kring 10 i medeltal med en standardavvikelse kring 5 studenter, vilket ger goda förutsättningar för produktiva SI-möten generellt sett. De utvärderingar som gjorts av sambandet mellan SI-närvaro och kursresultat antyder att aktivt deltagande på SI ökar chanserna till ett bra resultat på kursen oavsett ämne. En specialundersökning i en kurs i matematik antyder också att alla studenter verkar gynnas av att gå på SI oavsett förkunskapsnivå. Enkätutvärderingar bland deltagarna antyder att den främsta drivkraften att delta på SI är att förstå kursmaterialet oavsett ämne och fakultet. Strategiska motiv som att klara kursen är normalt underordnade även om detta varierar beroende på fakultet/ämne. Det är roligt att konstatera att studiesocial interaktion mestadels värderas högt som motiv att delta på SI. Arbetsmiljön på SI upplevs som bra (lätt att fråga, lättsam, positiv och stödjande atmosfär samt lagom tempo) och generellt verkar mötena följa SI-metodiken väl. Oavsett fakultet verkar majoriteten av deltagarna känna att SI-mötena hjälper dem i deras kursarbete. De får en bättre förståelse av vad som förväntas av dem i kursen, ett ökat intresse för ämnet samt stöd i kursarbetet. De allra flesta verkar känna att de får en betydligt djupare förståelse för det kursmaterial man går igenom på SI-mötena. Dessutom upplever många att de sannolikt kommer att förbättra sitt kursresultat genom deltagande på SI. Detta antagande stödjs också som nämnts ovan av SI-närvaro och examinationsstatistik från kurser och ju högre SI närvaro desto bättre verkar det gå oavsett ämnesområde. Att döma av deltagarnas enkätsvar är det inte bara kursen med tillhörande SI som gynnas av SI-deltagande. Flera generella färdigheter tränas som bör gynna studenter i studier i andra kurser utan SI. Många deltagare upplever att färdigheter som problemlösningsförmåga, kritiskt tänkande, lagsamverkan och samarbete, presentation inför andra och sätt att studera utvecklats genom att delta på SI. Dessutom får flera ett förbättrat självförtroende i sina studier samt ett ökat nätverk av studiekamrater. Tidigare studier vid LTH antyder att de som deltagit på SI också presterar bättre i andra kurser utan SI och att de är mindre benägna att göra studieavbrott och tar ut examen i högre utsträckning (Malm, Bryngfors, & Mörner, 2012; Malm, Bryngfors, & Mörner, 2015; Malm, Bryngfors, & Fredriksson, 2017). Deltagarnas svar på frågan med ”Vad tycker du är det bästa med SI-mötena?” betonar möjligheten till diskussion och social interaktion, en god studiemiljö samt förståelseinriktad studietid. Detta gäller oavsett ämnesområde. Vad kan då förbättras med SI-mötena? Några antyder att strukturen/effektiviteten på mötena kan vara bristande. Detta kan i sin tur bero av att stödet för SI-ledare i form av observationer och handledning inte alltid fungerar som det skall. Detta är något att titta närmare på inom universitetet. Annat som kan förbättras med SI-verksamheten är att man vill ha fler möten, mer tid till mötena eller bättre schematider. Internationellt anses det ofta att SI-ledarna är de största ”vinnarna” i SI-konceptet pga de ledarskaps- och grupphanteringsfärdigheter de erhåller. Detta antyds även i enkätutvärderingarna för SI-ledare vid Lunds universitet. SI-ledarna verkar dessutom få ett bättre självförtroende, djupare förståelse av kursämnet samt bli bättre på att prata inför andra. Både deltagare och SI-ledare är generellt nöjda med sina möten.
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