| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Persson, Nils-Krister, et al.
(author)
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Re: en ny samhällssektor spirar
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Resurser och hållbarhet är nära förknippade. Hållbarhet innebär att hushålla med resurser - materiella, miljömässiga och mänskliga. Och hushållning är per definition kärnan i ekonomi. Man börjar alltmer se framväxten av en hel arsenal av verktyg och förhållnings- och angreppssätt för att bygga hållbarhet. Detta förenas av ett synsätt att det som hitintills setts om avfall och värdelöst, och rent utav besvärligt att ta hand om, nu blir en värdefull resurs. Det glömda och gömda kommer åter. Faktum är att många ord och begrepp kring detta börjar på just åter- eller re- . Internationellt talar man om Redesign, Recycling, Remake, Recycle, Recraft, Reuse, Recreate, Reclaim, Reduce, Repair, Refashion.Vad är då allt detta? Ja, vill man dra det långt, är det inte mindre än framväxten av ett nyvunnet sätt att tänka, ja av en ny samhällssektor, en bransch och en industri, sammanbundet av filosofin att återanvändningen, spillminskningen, vidarebruket, efterlivet anses som viktiga faktorer för ett miljömedvetet samhälle. Re: blir paraplytermen för detta. I denna antologi av forskare från skilda discipliner vid Högskolan i Borås lyfts ett antal av dessa begrepp inom Re: fram.
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| 3. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Förändra praktiken genom imperativ policy? Lärares förutsättningar för arbetet med kartläggning i förskoleklass
- 2022
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In: Utbildning och Demokrati. - : Örebro University. - 1102-6472 .- 2001-7316. ; 31:1, s. 51-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines the conditions given to teachers in preschool class in order to execute the guarantee for early interventions and mandatory assessmentsof six-year-olds. The reform contributes an imperative policy that is to be interpreted literally to ensure equality. The study involves the analysis of survey responses from 792 teachers in 191 Swedish municipalities. The results reveal three gaps: 1) there is variety in the local preconditions and time spent on the assessments despite the standardization in this imperative policy, 2) the guarantee seems to be integrated into the local institutional culture rather than to be driving change, and 3) the reform seems to have become the teachers’ responsibility to implement within existing resources and timeframes. The conclusion is that the reform and its policy lead to large variation when implemented in local practice.Thus, national equality in education is difficult to achieve, even if the policy is imperative.
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| 4. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(author)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 5. |
- Alfvén, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Dödligheten minskar, men fortfarande dör 7 miljoner barn varje år
- 2013
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 110:1-2, s. 28-30
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Millenniemål 4 lyder: »Barnadödligheten under de fem första levnadsåren ska minska med två tredjedelar till 2015 jämfört med år 1990«.Barnadödligheten minskar i stora delar av världen, men inte i tillräckligt snabb takt för att uppnå målet. Den skiljer sig också kraftigt mellan länder och mellan olika grupper inom länderna.Sex dödsorsaker står för mer än 90 procent av alla dödsfall före 5 års ålder: neonatal mortalitet, lunginflammation, diarré, malaria, mässling och HIV/aids. Undernäring beräknas vara delorsak till cirka en tredjedel av dessa dödsfall.Vi har kunskap och metoder att med kostnadseffektiva lösningar reducera barnadödligheten med två tredjedelar. Fortsatt internationellt samarbete, utökade resurser samt lokal, nationell politisk vilja krävs för att lyckas.
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| 6. |
- Alfvén, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis.
- 2000
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In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 15, s. 1579-1586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. A number of risk factors, such as age and gender, are well established. High cadmium exposure causes renal damage and in severe cases also causes osteoporosis and osteomalacia, We have examined whether long-term Pow-level cadmium exposure increases the risk of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the forearm was measured in 520 men and 544 women, aged 16-81 years, environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Cadmium in urine was used as the dose estimate and protein HC was used: as a marker of renal tubular damage. There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular proteinuria. Inverse relations were found between cadmium dose, tubular proteinuria, and BMD, particularly apparent in persons over 60 years of age, There was a dose-response relation between cadmium dose and osteoporosis. The odds ratios (ORs) for men were 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.8) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine and 5.3 (2.0-14) in the highest dose category (greater than or equal to 3 nmol/mmol creatinine) compared with the lowest dose group (<0.5 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine). For women, the OR was 1.8 (0.65-5.3) in the dose group 0.53 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine. We conclude that exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alin, Niklas, 1963, et al.
(author)
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3D Unsteady Computations for Submarine-Like Bodies
- 2005
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In: 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, Jan. 10-13, 2005. ; , s. 353-369
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from a computational study using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) models and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of flows past submarine-like bodies are here presented. The aims are to evaluate URANS and LES for high-Re number hydrodynamic flows, to investigate the influence of the turbulence and subgrid turbulence modeling, and to discuss some features of submarine hydrodynamics. For this purpose we have chosen to examine the flow past a prolate spheroid at 10° and 20° angle of attack at a body length Re number of 4-106, and the flow past the DARPA-2 Suboff bare hull and fully appended hull configurations at a body length Re number of 12-106. For both cases experimental data is available for comparison. One finite element and one finite volume flow solver has been used - both with the capability of employing a range of turbulence models and with the capacity of using unstructured and hybrid grids. Better agreement between predictions and experimental data is obtained with LES than with the URANS models, but at a considerably higher price, due to the finer grids and finer temporal resolution in LES.
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| 9. |
- Alizadehheidari, Mohammadreza, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Nanoconfined Circular and Linear DNA: Equilibrium Conformations and Unfolding Kinetics
- 2015
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In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 48:3, s. 871-878
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies of circular DNA confined to nanofluidic channels are relevant both from a fundamental polymer-physics perspective and due to the importance of circular DNA molecules in vivo. We here observe the unfolding of confined DNA from the circular to linear configuration as a light-induced double-strand break occurs, characterize the dynamics, and compare the equilibrium conformational statistics of linear and circular configurations. This is important because it allows us to determine to what extent existing statistical theories describe the extension of confined circular DNA. We find that the ratio of the extensions of confined linear and circular DNA configurations increases as the buffer concentration decreases. The experimental results fall between theoretical predictions for the extended de Gennes regime at weaker confinement and the Odijk regime at stronger confinement. We show that it is possible to directly distinguish between circular and linear DNA molecules by measuring the emission intensity from the DNA. Finally, we determine the rate of unfolding and show that this rate is larger for more confined DNA, possibly reflecting the corresponding larger difference in entropy between the circular and linear configurations.
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| 10. |
- Alizadehheidari, Mohammadreza, et al.
(author)
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Nanoconfined Circular DNA
- 2014
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In: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 106:2, s. 274A-274A
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nanofluidic channels have become a versatile tool to manipulate single DNA molecules. They allow investigation of confined single DNA molecules from a fundamental polymer physics perspective as well as for example in DNA barcoding techniques.
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| 11. |
- Alizadehheidari, Mohammadreza, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Unfolding of nanoconfined circular DNA
- 2015
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In: BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 108:2 Supplement 1
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of diafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography to recover hemicelluloses from process water from thermomechanical pulping of spruce
- 2007
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In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0291 .- 0273-2289. ; 137:1-12, s. 971-983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hemicelluloses constitute one of the most abundant renewable resources on earth. To increase their utilization, the isolation of hemicelluloses from industrial biomass side-streams would be beneficial. A method was investigated to isolate hemicelluloses from process water from a thermomechanical pulp mill. The method consists of three steps: removal of solids by microfiltration, preconcentration of the hemicelluloses by ultrafiltration, and purification by either size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) or diafiltration. The purpose of the final purification step is to separate hemicelluloses from small oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and salts. The ratio between galactose, glucose, and mannose in oligo- and polysaccharides after preconcentration was 0.8: 1: 2.8, which is similar to that found in galactoglucomannan. Continuous diafiltration was performed using a composite fluoro polymer membrane with cutoff of 1000 Da. After diafiltration with four diavolumes the purity of the hemicelluloses was 77% (gram oligo- and polysaccharides/gram total dissolved solids) and the recovery was 87%. Purification by SEC was performed with 5, 20, and 40% sample loadings, respectively and a flow rate of 12 or 25 mL/min (9 or 19 cm/h). The purity of hemicelluloses after SEC was approx 82%, and the recovery was above 99%. The optimal sample load and flow rate were 20% and 25 mL/min, respectively. The process water from thermomechanical pulping of spruce is inexpensive. Thus, the recovery of hemicelluloses is not of main importance. If the purity of 77%, obtained with diafiltration, is sufficient for the utilization of the hemicelluloses, diafiltration probably offers a less expensive alternative in this application.
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| 14. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(author)
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Pengar och turism
- 2006
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In: Pengar - människan och hennes betalningsmedel. - 9144019688 ; , s. 95-117
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 15. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Predicting Volunteer Travel Time to Emergencies
- 2022
-
In: ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9788284270999 ; , s. 44-54
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model is developed, which can predict the travel time for volunteers that are dispatched as first responders to emergencies. Specifically, the case of lay responders to out of hospital cardiac arrest is studied. Positions from historical responses is used to estimate the real response times, which are used to train and evaluate the new travel time model. The new model considers the road network and the transport mode most likely used by the volunteers. The results for the new model are compared to a model used in an existing volunteer initiative. They show that the new model can make better predictions in 59.7% of the cases. This can be used directly as a base for improving the travel time estimates in existing volunteer initiatives, and to improve the input data to the continuously evolving volunteer resource management systems.
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| 16. |
- Bauer, Fredric, et al.
(author)
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Biogas upgrading – technology overview, comparison and perspectives for the future
- 2013
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In: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 7:5, s. 499-511
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The utilization of biogas produced from organic materials such as agricultural wastes or manure is increasing. However, the raw biogas contains a large share of carbon dioxide which must be removed before utilization in many applications, for example, using the gas as vehicle fuel. The process – biogas upgrading – can be performed with several technologies: water scrubbing, organic solvent scrubbing, amine scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and gas separation membranes. This perspective presents the technologies that are used commercially for biogas upgradin g today, recent developments in the fi eld and compares the technologies with egard to aspects such as technology maturity, investment cost, energy demand and consumables. Emerging technologies for small-scale upgrading and future applications of upgraded biogas such as liquefied biogas are also discussed. It shows that the market situation has changed rapidly in recent years, from being totally dominated by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and water scrubbing to being more balanced with new technologies (amine scrubbing) reaching significant market shares. There are significant economies of scale for all the technologies investigated, the specific investment costs are similar for plants with a throughput capacity of 1500 Nm3 raw biogas per hour or larger. Biogas production is increasing in Europe and around the globe, and so is the interest in the effi cient use of upgraded biogas as vehicle fuel or in other applications. The market for biogas upgrading will most likely be characterized by harder competition with the establishment of new upgrading technologies and further optimization of the mature ones to decrease operation costs.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Berntsson, Thore, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Towards Sustainabel Oil Refinery - Pre-study for larger co-operation project
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this report, the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC) presents the results of a pre-study commissioned by Preem relating to the effective production of future vehicle fuels.This pre-study was made up of three studies focusing on energy streamlining, the utilisation of waste heat and carbon-dioxide separation and biorefinement relating to the gasification and hydration of vegetable oils. One of the common starting points for these studies was the current situation at the Preem refineries in Göteborg and Lysekil from where the measurement data were obtained and analysed. The report summarises the knowledge situation based on current research in the individual technical fields. The results present some interesting future opportunities for developing the sustainable production of future vehicle fuels. The sections vary, as the areas that have been examined differ and the sections have been written by different people. The reports ends with some joint conclusions and a number of questions which could be included and answered in a more extensive future main study, as part of a developed research partnership between Preem and the Chalmers University of Technology. The preliminary results of this work were analysed with the client at workshops on 1 October and 29 November 2007. The report is written in English combined with an extensive summary in Swedish including a proposal on a future main study. The study was conducted by the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC), in collaboration with a number of researchers in the CEC’s network. They included Thore Berntsson, Jessica Algehed, Erik Hektor and Lennart Persson Elmeroth, all from Heat and Power Technology, Börje Gevert, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tobias Richards, Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Filip Johnsson and Anders Lyngfelt, Energy Technology, and Per-Åke Franck and Anders Åsblad, CIT Industriell Energianalys AB. The client, Preem, was represented by Bengt Ahlén, Sören Eriksson, Johan Jervehed, Bertil Karlsson, Gunnar Olsson, Ulf Kuylenstierna, Stefan Nyström, Martin Sjöberg and Thomas Ögren. Tobias Richards was responsible for compiling the report and Bertil Pettersson was the project manager.
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| 22. |
- Boen, Rune, et al.
(author)
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Beyond the global brain differences : intraindividual variability differences in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 bp1-bp2 deletion carriers
- 2024
-
In: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:2, s. 147-160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference.Results: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.Conclusions: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Book, Frida, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Ecotoxicity screening of seven different types of commercial silica nanoparticles using cellular and organismic assays : Importance of surface and size
- 2019
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In: NanoImpact. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-0748. ; 13, s. 100-111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that seven different types of commercial, biocide-free, colloidal silica products with mean particle sizes between 17 and 88 nm with 3 different surface chemistries (Na-stabilized, aluminized and silane-modified) are not toxic to the bacterium Pseudomonas putida, and the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata in the concentration range 5–500 mg/L. They are also not acutely toxic to Daphnia magna at concentrations up to 10,000 mg/L. Six silica particles are toxic to the gill cell line RTgill-W1 from Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing a clear concentration-response relationship with EC50 values between 13 and 92 mg/L. Toxicity in the fish cells decreases with increasing hydrodynamic size and is dependent on particle surface area. The average EC50 across the tested particles is 2.1 (±0.3) m2/L. Surface modifications clearly impact toxicity, with silane-modified particles showing no cytotoxicity. The reduced number of free silanol groups on the surface of the silane modified particle, in combination with an increased steric hindrance that prevents contact with the cells is a possible mechanism for the observed lack of toxicity. This is also in line with previous studies on silica nanoparticles in human toxicology. Overall, these findings show a generally low ecotoxicity of silica nanoparticles and indicate that silica particles of different sizes but identical surface chemistry could potentially be grouped into an assessment group under regulation such as REACH.
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| 25. |
- Braungardt, Sibylle, et al.
(author)
-
Renewable heating and cooling pathways – Towards full decarbonisation by 2050 – Final report
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With the adoption of the EU Climate Law in 2021, the EU has set itself a binding target to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent compared to 1990 levels by 2030. To support the increased ambition, the EU Commission adopted proposals for revising the key directives and regulations addressing energy efficiency, renewable energies and greenhouse gas emissions in the Fit for 55 package.The heating and cooling (H&C) sector plays a key role for reaching the EU energy and climate targets. H&C accounts for about 50 percent of the final energy consumption in the EU, and the sector is largely based on fossil fuels. In 2021, the share of renewable energies in H&C reached 23%. The decarbonisation of heating and cooling is addressed across several directives and regulations at EU level.The aim of this study is to support the analytical basis for the development and implementation of policies to ensure a seamless pathway to the full decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sector by 2050 in buildings and industry.
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| 26. |
- Burkhardt, H., et al.
(author)
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Commissioning and Operation at beta = 1000 m in the LHC
- 2013
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In: IPAC'13. ; , s. 1983-1984
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We have developed a special optics with aβ∗ of 1000m for two interaction regions (IR1 and IR5) in the LHC, to produce very low divergence beams required for elastic proton-proton scattering. We describe the design, commissioning and operation of this optics in the LHC. Theβ∗ of 1000 m was reached by de-squeezing the beams using 17 intermediate steps beyond the β∗ of 90 m, which had been the previous highest β∗ value reached in the LHC. The optics was measured and the β-beating globally corrected toa level of 10%.
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| 27. |
- Ceberg, Crister, et al.
(author)
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Photon activation therapy of RG2 glioma carrying Fischer rats using stable thallium and monochromatic synchrotron radiation.
- 2012
-
In: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 57:24, s. 8377-8391
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 75 RG2 glioma-carrying Fischer rats were treated by photon activation therapy (PAT) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and stable thallium. Three groups were treated with thallium in combination with radiation at different energy; immediately below and above the thallium K-edge, and at 50 keV. Three control groups were given irradiation only, thallium only, or no treatment at all. For animals receiving thallium in combination with radiation to 15 Gy at 50 keV, the median survival time was 30 days, which was 67% longer than for the untreated controls (p = 0.0020) and 36% longer than for the group treated with radiation alone (not significant). Treatment with thallium and radiation at the higher energy levels were not effective at the given absorbed dose and thallium concentration. In the groups treated at 50 keV and above the K-edge, several animals exhibited extensive and sometimes contra-lateral edema, neuronal death and frank tissue necrosis. No such marked changes were seen in the other groups. The results were discussed with reference to Monte Carlo calculated electron energy spectra and dose enhancement factors.
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| 28. |
- Chábera, Pavel, et al.
(author)
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A low-spin Fe(iii) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoluminescence
- 2017
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 543:7647, s. 695-699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition-metal complexes are used as photosensitizers1, in light-emitting diodes, for biosensing and in photocatalysis2. A key feature in these applications is excitation from the ground state to a charge-transfer state3,4; the long charge-transfer-state lifetimes typical for complexes of ruthenium5 and other precious metals are often essential to ensure high performance. There is much interest in replacing these scarce elements with Earth-abundant metals, with iron6 and copper7 being particularly attractive owing to their low cost and non-toxicity. But despite the exploration of innovative molecular designs6,8,9,10, it remains a formidable scientific challenge11 to access Earth-abundant transition-metal complexes with long-lived charge-transfer excited states. No known iron complexes are considered12 photoluminescent at room temperature, and their rapid excited-state deactivation precludes their use as photosensitizers13,14,15. Here we present the iron complex [Fe(btz)3]3+ (where btz is 3,3′-dimethyl-1,1′-bis(p-tolyl)-4,4′-bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)), and show that the superior σ-donor and π-acceptor electron properties of the ligand stabilize the excited state sufficiently to realize a long charge-transfer lifetime of 100 picoseconds (ps) and room-temperature photoluminescence. This species is a low-spin Fe(iii) d5 complex, and emission occurs from a long-lived doublet ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (2LMCT) state that is rarely seen for transition-metal complexes4,16,17. The absence of intersystem crossing, which often gives rise to large excited-state energy losses in transition-metal complexes, enables the observation of spin-allowed emission directly to the ground state and could be exploited as an increased driving force in photochemical reactions on surfaces. These findings suggest that appropriate design strategies can deliver new iron-based materials for use as light emitters and photosensitizers.
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| 29. |
- Chábera, Pavel, et al.
(author)
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FeII Hexa N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex with a 528 ps Metal-To-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited-State Lifetime
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 9:3, s. 459-463
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The iron carbene complex [FeII(btz)3](PF6)2 (where btz = 3,3′-dimethyl-1,1′-bis(p-Tolyl)-4,4′-bis(1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidene)) has been synthesized, isolated, and characterized as a low-spin ferrous complex. It exhibits strong metal-To-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption bands throughout the visible spectrum, and excitation of these bands gives rise to a 3MLCT state with a 528 ps excited-state lifetime in CH3CN solution that is more than one order of magnitude longer compared with the MLCT lifetime of any previously reported FeII complex. The low potential of the [Fe(btz)3]3+/[Fe(btz)3]2+ redox couple makes the 3MLCT state of [FeII(btz)3]2+ a potent photoreductant that can be generated by light absorption throughout the visible spectrum. Taken together with our recent results on the [FeIII(btz)3]3+ form of this complex, these results show that the FeII and FeIII oxidation states of the same Fe(btz)3 complex feature long-lived MLCT and LMCT states, respectively, demonstrating the versatility of iron N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as promising light-harvesters for a broad range of oxidizing and reducing conditions.
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| 30. |
- Chen, Yen Hsi, et al.
(author)
-
The GAGOme : a cell-based library of displayed glycosaminoglycans
- 2018
-
In: Nature Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 15:11, s. 881-888
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential polysaccharides in normal physiology and disease. However, understanding of the contribution of specific GAG structures to specific biological functions is limited, largely because of the great structural heterogeneity among GAGs themselves, as well as technical limitations in the structural characterization and chemical synthesis of GAGs. Here we describe a cell-based method to produce and display distinct GAGs with a broad repertoire of modifications, a library we refer to as the GAGOme. By using precise gene editing, we engineered a large panel of Chinese hamster ovary cells with knockout or knock-in of the genes encoding most of the enzymes involved in GAG biosynthesis, to generate a library of isogenic cell lines that differentially display distinct GAG features. We show that this library can be used for cell-based binding assays, recombinant expression of proteoglycans with distinct GAG structures, and production of distinct GAG chains on metabolic primers that may be used for the assembly of GAG glycan microarrays.
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| 31. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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An automatic method for measurements of arterial intima-media thickness using ultrasonic B-mode data
- 2012
-
In: Acoustical Imaging. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400726185 - 9789400726192 ; 31, s. 115-122
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We have previously developed algorithms that use B-mode cineloops for simultaneous measurements of arterial diameter change and longitudinal movement of the arterial wall. In this study the lumen diameter algorithm was extended to also measure arterial intima-media thickness of the far wall. To optimize the algorithm the influence of the lateral width of the region-of-interest (1 pixel, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm) was evaluated. The algorithm estimated intima-media thickness at diastole automatically by measuring the distance between the two positions where the laterally averaged B-mode intensity envelope crosses a threshold value relative to the maximum amplitudes of the intimal and adventitial echoes, respectively. The sub-pixel resolution is achieved by solving the equation of a straight line between the two samples on either side of the threshold value. The measurements were performed on 20 healthy normotensive volunteers (age 25–57 years) on the common carotid artery 2–3 cm proximal to the bifurcation. For the 2.5-mm width, which was considered the best, the intima-media thickness was mean 646 μm (SD 66) for men and 613 μm (SD 68) for women. The systematic difference was −5 μm and the random difference was 31 μm. The CV was 4.9%. The study indicates that the reproducibility is sufficient for in vivo studies when the width of the region-of-interest is 1.0 mm or wider.
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| 32. |
- Constance, B., et al.
(author)
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Experimental Verification of the CLIC Two-Beam Acceleration Technology in CTF3
- 2013
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In: IPAC 2013: Proceedings of the 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501229 ; , s. 1436-1438
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Compact Linear Collider international collaboration is pursuing an extensive R&D program towards a multi- TeV electron-positron collider. In particular, the development of two-beam acceleration technology is the focus of the CLIC test facility CTF3. In this paper we summarise the most recent results obtained at CTF3: The results of the studies on the drive beam generation are presented, the achieved two beam acceleration performance is reported and the measured breakdown rates and related observations are summarised. The stability of the deceleration process performed over 12 subsequent modules and a comparison of the obtained results with the theoretical expectations are discussed. We also outline the future experimental program.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Cronberg, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Neurologic Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Following Targeted Temperature Management at 33 degrees C vs 36 degrees C After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2015
-
In: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 72:6, s. 634-641
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Brain injury affects neurologic function and quality of life in survivors after cardiac arrest. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 2 target temperature regimens on long-term cognitive function and quality of life after cardiac arrest. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this multicenter, international, parallel group, assessor-masked randomized clinical trial performed from November 11, 2010, through January 10, 2013, we enrolled 950 unconscious adults with cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause from 36 intensive care units in Europe and Australia. Eleven patients were excluded from analysis for a total sample size of 939. INTERVENTIONS Targeted temperature management at 33 degrees C vs 36 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and assessed by observers through the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Patients reported their activities in daily life and mental recovery through Two Simple Questions and their quality of life through the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, version 2. RESULTS In the modified intent-to-treat population, including nonsurvivors, the median MMSE score was 14 in the 33 degrees C group (interquartile range [IQR], 0-28) vs 17 in the 36 degrees C group (IQR, 0-29) (P = .77), and the IQCODE score was 115 (IQR, 79-130) vs 115 (IQR, 80-130) (P = .57) in the 33 degrees C and 36 degrees C groups, respectively. The median MMSE score for survivors was within the reference range and similar (33 degrees C group median, 28; IQR, 26-30; vs 36 degrees C group median, 28; IQR, 25-30; P = .61). The median IQCODE score was within the minor deficit range (33 degrees C group median, 79.5; IQR, 78.0-85.9; vs 36 degrees C group median, 80.7; IQR, 78.0-86.9; P = .04). A total of 18.8% vs 17.5% of survivors reported needing help with everyday activities (P = .71), and 66.5% in the 33 degrees C group vs 61.8% in the 36 degrees C group reported that they thought they had made a complete mental recovery (P = .32). The mean (SD) mental component summary score was 49.1 (12.5) vs 49.0 (12.2) (P = .79), and the mean (SD) physical component summary score was 46.8 (13.8) and 47.5 (13.8) (P = .45), comparable to the population norm. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Quality of life was good and similar in patients with cardiac arrest receiving targeted temperature management at 33 degrees C or 36 degrees C. Cognitive function was similar in both intervention groups, but many patients and observers reported impairment not detected previously by standard outcome scales.
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| 36. |
- Dahlkvist, Tobias
(author)
-
Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Pessimism : Schopenhauer, Hartmann, Leopardi
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of the predominantly German pessimistic tradition in the philosophy of the late nineteenth century, and of Nietzsche’s complex relation to that tradition. The aim of the dissertation is firstly to analyse how pessimism came to be established as a philosophical concept by Schopenhauer and a later generation of pessimistic thinkers, and secondly to investigate how Nietzsche understood pessimism.In the first part of the dissertation, I argue that although the term pessimism was coined in 1759, and although it was used in a philosophical context by Schopenhauer in the 1840’s, it was not until Eugen Dühring and Eduard von Hartmann defined it in terms of the value of life in the late 1860’s that a clear conceptual content was attributed to pessimism. After Dühring and Hartmann, philosophical pessimism was generally understood as the notion that the value of life is negative, which means that non-existence is necessarily preferable to existence. This notion of pessimism was shared, I demonstrate, by their contemporaries, regardless of whether they considered pessimism a metaphysical truth or a mental illness.In the second part of the dissertation I argue that pessimism became a problem for Nietzsche when he read Hartmann’s Philosophie des Unbewussten in 1869. He was, however, no pessimist: I argue that he in Die Geburt der Tragödie and the Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen sought to develop a philosophy of art that can help us overcome the pessimistic truth that non-existence is preferable to existence.In the third part of the dissertation I demonstrate that a number of important themes in Nietzsche’s later phase are rooted in his early reception of philosophical pessimism. I argue that his discussions of nihilism, of the poetry and character of Giacomo Leopardi, of Hamlet, and of the eternal recurrence are best understood in relation to pessimism.
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| 37. |
- Dahlstrand, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Photoacoustic imaging for three-dimensional visualization and delineation of basal cell carcinoma in patients
- 2020
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In: Photoacoustics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-5979. ; 18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging non-invasive biomedical imaging modality that could potentially be used to determine the borders of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) preoperatively in order to reduce the need for repeated surgery.Methods: Two- and three-dimensional PA images were obtained by scanning BCCs using 59 wavelengths in the range 680-970 nm. Spectral unmixing was performed to visualize the tumor tissue distribution. Spectral signatures from 38 BCCs and healthy tissue were compared ex vivo.Results and discussion: The PA spectra could be used to differentiate between BCC and healthy tissue ex vivo (p < 0.05). Spectral unmixing provided visualization of the overall architecture of the lesion and its border.Conclusion: PA imaging can be used to differentiate between BCC and healthy tissue and can potentially be used to delineate tumors prior to surgical excision.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- De Roos, André M, et al.
(author)
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Simplifying a physiologically structured population model to a stage-structured biomass model.
- 2008
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In: Theoretical Population Biology. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0040-5809 .- 1096-0325. ; 73:1, s. 47-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We formulate and analyze an archetypal consumer-resource model in terms of ordinary differential equations that consistently translates individual life history processes, in particular food-dependent growth in body size and stage-specific differences between juveniles and adults in resource use and mortality, to the population level. This stage-structured model is derived as an approximation to a physiologically structured population model, which accounts for a complete size-distribution of the consumer population and which is based on assumptions about the energy budget and size-dependent life history of individual consumers. The approximation ensures that under equilibrium conditions predictions of both models are completely identical. In addition we find that under non-equilibrium conditions the stage-structured model gives rise to dynamics that closely approximate the dynamics exhibited by the size-structured model, as long as adult consumers are superior foragers than juveniles with a higher mass-specific ingestion rate. When the mass-specific intake rate of juvenile consumers is higher, the size-structured model exhibits single-generation cycles, in which a single cohort of consumers dominates population dynamics throughout its life time and the population composition varies over time between a dominance by juveniles and adults, respectively. The stage-structured model does not capture these dynamics because it incorporates a distributed time delay between the birth and maturation of an individual organism in contrast to the size-structured model, in which maturation is a discrete event in individual life history. We investigate model dynamics with both semi-chemostat and logistic resource growth.
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| 40. |
- de Roos, André M., et al.
(author)
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Stage-specific predator species help each other to persist while competing for a single prey
- 2008
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In: Proceedings from the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. - Washington, USA : The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:37, s. 13930-13935
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prey in natural communities are usually shared by many predator species. How predators coexist while competing for the same prey is one of the fundamental questions in ecology. Here we show that competing predator species may not only coexist on a single prey but even help each other to persist, if they specialize on different life history stages of the prey. By changing the prey size distribution a predator species may in fact increase the amount of prey available for its competitor. Surprisingly, a predator may even not be able to persist at all unless its competitor is also present. The competitor thus increases significantly the range of conditions for which a particular predator can persist. This “emergent facilitation” is a long-term, population-level effect that results from asymmetric increases in the rate of prey maturation and reproduction when predation relaxes competition among prey. Emergent facilitation explains observations of correlated increases of predators on small and large conspecific prey as well as concordance in their distribution patterns. Our results suggest that emergent facilitation may promote the occurrence of complex, stable community food webs and that persistence of these communities could critically depend on diversity within predator guilds.
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| 41. |
- Diaz de Grenu, Borja, et al.
(author)
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Fluorescent Discrimination between Traces of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Mimics
- 2014
-
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 136:11, s. 4125-4128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An array of fluorogenic probes is able to discriminate between nerve agents, sarin, soman, tabun, VX and their mimics, in water or organic solvent, by qualitative fluorescence patterns and quantitative multivariate analysis, thus making the system suitable for the in-the-field detection of traces of chemical warfare agents as well as to differentiate between the real nerve agents and other related compounds.
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| 42. |
- Dubrovskiy, A., et al.
(author)
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Review of the drive beam stabilization in the CLIC test facility CTF3
- 2013
-
In: IPAC 2013: Proceedings of the 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501229 ; , s. 2666-2668
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CTF3 is a Test Facility focusing on beam-based studies of the key concepts of the Compact Linear Collider CLIC. Over the past several years many aspects of the CLIC two-beam acceleration scheme were studied in CTF3, including the crucial issue of drive beam stability. The main sources of drifts and instabilities have been identified and mitigated, helping to improve the machine performance and showing significant progress towards the experimental demonstration of the very stringent requirements on current, energy and phase stability needed in CLIC. In this paper, the more effective techniques and feed-backs are summarized. The latest measurements on beam stability are reported and their relevance to CLIC is discussed.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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A fast 2D tissue motion estimator based on the phase of the intensity enables visualization of the propagation of the longitudinal movement in the carotid artery wall
- 2013
-
In: 2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781467356855 ; , s. 1761-1764
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fast 2D motion estimator has been developed and evaluated. The method does not utilize block-matching or iterative solutions and is thus more computationally efficient and suitable for real-time motion estimation over the entire image. The method has been evaluated on 1) phantom measurements and 2) in vivo on the carotid artery wall of 17 subjects, where measurements of the longitudinal displacement of the intima-media complex were compared to our previously validated method. The mean error of the phantom measurements was 2.0 +/- 3.3% (velocities between 2-15 mm/s; approx. 60 million estimations). In the in vivo measurements the mean difference (validated-proposed) was 18 +/- 44 mu m. Further the method has enabled visualization of the propagation of the longitudinal movement in the carotid artery wall. Several different phases of the longitudinal propagation, which seem to be connected to the multi-phasic pattern of the longitudinal movement, can be seen. All phases of the longitudinal propagation seem to originate from the direction of the heart.
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| 46. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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A method for measuring the variation of intima-media thickness during the entire cardiac cycle using B-Mode images
- 2011
-
In: 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781457712531 ; , s. 2126-2129
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk, and measurement of intima-media thickness has been extensively used in medical research since the mid-1990s. IMT is conventionally measured by manual tracing, however this method is very time-consuming and suffers from large inter-observer variability. Numerous methods, both semi-automatic and fully-automatic, have been suggested to limit the influence of the observer. However, most methods only report one value per cardiac cycle instead of the variation of IMT over time. We propose a new method that measures the variation of IMT during the entire cardiac cycle. The method tracks spatial variations with compensation for both longitudinal movement and angle variations. This enables detection of positions where an inaccurate measurement of IMT has occurred. These can then be removed from the calculations in order to maximize the accuracy. The method was evaluated in vivo on 20 healthy individuals (mean age 38 years, range 25-57). The overall IMT in diastole (IMTdia) was 717+/-69 mu m and the intima-media compression (IMC) was 66+/-21 mu m which corresponds to a 9.2+/-2.6% maximal compression of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle. The CV was 3.5% for IMTdia and 9.9% for IMC. Extending traditional IMT measurement to include also the variation of IMT during a cardiac cycle may improve the individual risk classification for cardiovascular diseases.
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| 47. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
A Method to Measure Shear Strain with High Spatial Resolution in the Arterial Wall Non-Invasively in vivo by Tracking Zero-Crossings of B-Mode Intensity Gradients
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. - 9781457703812 ; , s. 491-494
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have previously shown that there is a distinct longitudinal movement of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle. This movement is larger in the intima-media region than in the adventitial region which introduces a substantial shear strain within the arterial wall. Our previously developed echo-tracking algorithm measured this shear strain by tracking two separate echoes, one in the intima-media region and one in the adventitia region and thus only a linear distribution was evaluated. The objective of this study was to suggest and evaluate a new improved method which can measure the intramural shear strain with higher spatial resolution and thereby provide more information on this new and rather unknown phenomenon. The mean maximum shear strain was 0.82 radians with a standard deviation of 0.17 radians and a CV-value of 14.2%. The total mean difference in measured longitudinal movement between the new and previous method was 10μm with a standard deviation of 90μm and a CV-value of 12.8%. The spatial distribution of the intramural shear strain seems to be very non-linear with a large amount of shear strain occurring in a small section around the transition between the media and adventitia layers.
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| 48. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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A robust and fast method for arterial lumen diameter and intima-media thickness measurements
- 2012
-
In: 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781467345613 - 9781467345620 ; , s. 1678-1681
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lumen diameter, distension and intima-media thickness (IMT) in human arteries are important parameters in cardiovascular research. The signal reflected from the arterial wall strongly depends on the ultrasound scanner and settings. The signal also varies with age and health of the subject. A general method insensitive with respect to the subject and the scanner would be of great help. We have developed a novel and robust method for ARTerIal Characterization (ARTIC), suitable for real-time in vivo measurements of diameter, distension and IMT using B-Mode images. The aim of this study was to evaluate ARTIC on different subjects and scanners. ARTIC was evaluated in vivo in different groups of subjects using two scanners, HDI5000 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) and ULA-OP (University of Florence, Italy). First, a comparison was made against a previous method validated on phantoms. Then measurements of young (healthy) and old (healthy and unhealthy) subjects were evaluated for both scanners. Finally, a comparison between scanners was made. The evaluation of different subjects shows a coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.4-2.0% for diameter, 4.3-8.8% for distension and 3.6-6.6% for IMT.
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| 49. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Automatic Measurements of Diameter, Distension and Intima Media Thickness of the Aorta in Premature Rabbit Pups Using B-Mode Images.
- 2014
-
In: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-5629. ; 40:2, s. 371-377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To improve cardiovascular research, there is a growing need for arterial characterization in small animals. We developed a method, ARTIC (arterial characterization) for measuring lumen diameter, distension and intima media thickness (IMT). In this study ARTIC was used to automatically characterize the aorta of premature rabbit pups. Automatic measurements were compared with manual measurements, both performed by three observers. Diameter was 769 ± 140 μm (manual) and 766 ± 142 μm (automatic), distension was 35 ± 15 μm (manual) and 40 ± 12 μm (automatic) and IMT was 84 ± 11 μm (manual) and 88 ± 8 μm (automatic) (mean ± standard deviation). The variation in the measured diameter, distension and IMT ranged from 1.1% to 26.0% (manual) and from 1.0% to 9.0% (automatic). The intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 33.0% to 99.3% (manual) and from 76.9% to 99.6% (automatic). The evaluation revealed that it is feasible to use ARTIC on B-mode images of arteries with small dimensions, which makes it a useful tool for arterial characterization in small animals.
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| 50. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Scatterer size estimation using the center frequency assessed from ultrasound time domain data
- 2016
-
In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 140:4, s. 2352-2357
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scatterer size estimation is useful when characterizing tissue using ultrasound. In all previous studies on scatterer size, the estimations are performed in the frequency domain and are thus subjected to a trade off in time-frequency resolution. This study focused on the feasibility of estimating scatterer size in the time domain using only the ultrasound center frequency, assuming a Gaussian-shaped pulse. A model for frequency normalization was derived and the frequency-dependent attenuation was compensated. Five phantoms with well-defined sizes of spherical glass beads were made and scanned with two different linear array transducers with variable center frequencies. A strong correlation (r = 0.99, p < 10-19) between the backscattered center frequency and the product between the wave number and scatterer radius was demonstrated. On average the scatterer diameter was underestimated by 6% ± 24%. These results suggest that estimation of scatterer size is possible using only the center frequency assessed in the time domain.
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