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| 3. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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In: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 7. |
- Almqvist, E, et al.
(author)
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Geographical distribution of haplotypes in Swedish families with Huntington's disease.
- 1994
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In: Human Genetics. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 94:2, s. 124-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was planned to determine the number of origins of the mutation underlying Huntington's disease (HD) in Sweden. Haplotypes were constructed for 23 different HD families, using six different polymorphisms [(CCG)n, GT70, 674, BS1, E2 and 4.2], including two within the gene. In addition, extensive genealogical investigations were performed, and the geographical origin of the haplotypes was studied. Ten different haplotypes were observed suggesting multiple origins for the HD mutation in Sweden. Analysis of the two polymorphic markers within the HD gene (the CCG repeat and GT70) indicates that there are at least three origins for the HD mutation in Sweden. One of these haplotypes (7/A) accounts for 89% of the families, suggesting that the majority of the Swedish HD families are related through a single HD mutation of ancient origin. Furthermore, three of the families that were previously considered to be unrelated could be traced to a common ancestor in the 15th century, a finding that is consistent with this hypothesis.
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| 10. |
- Cabrera, C., et al.
(author)
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Relationship between iron deficiency and expression of genes involved in iron metabolism in human myocardium and skeletal muscle
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 379, s. 82-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with adverse prognosis in patients with heart failure. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ID and expression of genes involved in iron metabolism in human myocardium and skeletal muscle, focusing on Transferrin 1 receptor (TfR1), the main pathway of cellular iron uptake.Methods: Patients undergoing elective CABG were assessed prior to surgery with echocardiography and serum iron parameters. Core needle biopsies were collected from the left and right ventricle (LV, RV), the right atrium and intercostal skeletal muscle (SM). Gene expression analyses were done by mRNA sequencing.Results: Of 69 patients (median age 69 years, 91% men), 28% had ID. 26% had HFrEF, 25% had HFpEF phys-iology according to echocardiographic findings and NT-proBNP levels, and 49% had normal LV function. The expression of TfR1 was increased in patients with ID compared to patients without ID in ventricular tissue (p = 0.04) and in intercostal SM (p = 0.01). The increase in TfR1 expression in LV and RV was more pronounced when analysing patients with absolute ID (S-Ferritin<100 mu g/L). Analysing the correlation between various iron pa-rameters, S-Ferritin levels showed the strongest correlation with TfR1 expression. There was no correlation with NT-proBNP levels and no difference in TfR1 expression between different HF phenotypes.Conclusions: In patients undergoing elective CABG we found an association between ID and increased TfR1 expression in myocardium regardless of LV function, indicating physiologically upregulated TfR1 expression in the presence of ID to restore intracellular iron needs.
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| 13. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 16. |
- Fureby, C., et al.
(author)
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Incompressible wall-bounded flows
- 2007
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Almost all flows of practical interest are turbulent, and thus the simulation of turbulent flow and its diversity of flow characteristics remains one of the most challenging areas in the field of classical physics. In many situations the fluid can be considered incompressible; that is, its density is virtually constant in the frame of reference, moving locally with the fluid, but density gradients may be passively convected with the flow. Examples of such flows of engineering importance are as follows: external flows, such as those around cars, ships, buildings, chimneys, masts, and suspension bridges; and internal flows, such as those in intake manifolds, cooling and ventilation systems, combustion engines, and applications from the areas of biomedicine, the process industry, the food industry, and so on. In contrast to free flows (ideally considered as homogeneous and isotropic), wall-bounded flows are characterized by much less universal properties than free flows and are thus even more challenging to study. The main reason for this is that, as the Reynolds number increases, and the thickness of the viscous sublayer decreases, the number of grid points required to resolve the near-wall flow increases. The two basic ways of computing turbulent flows have traditionally been direct numerical simulation (DNS) and Reynolds-averaged NavierâStokes (RANS) modeling. In the former the time-dependent NavierâStokes equations (NSE) are solved numerically, essentially without approximations. In the latter, only time scales longer than those of the turbulent motion are computed, and the effect of the turbulent velocity fluctuations is modeled with a turbulence model.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Hofmarcher, T., et al.
(author)
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The societal costs of problem gambling in Sweden
- 2020
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Problem gambling is a public health issue affecting both the gamblers, their families, their employers, and society as a whole. Recent law changes in Sweden oblige local and regional health authorities to invest more in prevention and treatment of problem gambling. The economic consequences of gambling, and thereby the potential economic consequences of policy changes in the area, are unknown, as the cost of problem gambling to society has remained largely unexplored in Sweden and similar settings. Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study for Sweden for the year 2018 was conducted. A societal approach was chosen in order to include direct costs (such as health care and legal costs), indirect costs (such as lost productivity due to unemployment), and intangible costs (such as reduced quality of life due to emotional distress). Costs were estimated by combining epidemiological and unit cost data. Results: The societal costs of problem gambling amounted to 1.42 billion euros in 2018, corresponding to 0.30% of the gross domestic product. Direct costs accounted only for 13% of the total costs. Indirect costs accounted for more than half (59%) of the total costs, while intangible costs accounted for 28%. The societal costs were more than twice as high as the tax revenue from gambling in 2018. Direct and indirect costs of problem gambling combined amounted to one third of the equivalent costs of smoking and one sixth of the costs of alcohol consumption in Sweden. Conclusions: Problem gambling is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. The societal costs of it are not negligible, also in relation to major public health issues of an addictive nature such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Direct costs for prevention and treatment are very low. A stronger focus on prevention and treatment might help to reduce many of the very high indirect and intangible costs in the future.
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| 20. |
- Lange, D, et al.
(author)
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Expression of TGF-beta related Smad proteins in human epithelial skin tumors.
- 1999
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In: International journal of oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 14:6, s. 1049-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family regulate cell growth and differentiation activating intracellular Smad proteins. Their role in skin and skin tumorigenesis is not well understood. Therefore we investigated the expression of TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) and Smad-proteins involved in the TGF-beta-pathway, e.g. Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, Smad6 and Smad7. We examined the effects of TGF-beta1, -beta2, BMP2, BMP7 on five epithelial cell lines in vitro. TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition of HaCaT and HSC4 were observed with half maximal effects at approximately 7 pg ml-1 and 20 pg ml-1, respectively. However, malignant HSC2 and A431 cells were unresponsive to TGF-beta1. A differentiation was seen after 5 days in HaCaT and HSC4 cells only. We compared the reactivity with specific antisera against TbetaR-I and Smad proteins among the different skin tumors: seborrheic keratoses (SK), actinic keratoses (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There were statistically significant differences of the ratio between the expression in tumor and that in non-tumorous epithelial cells in each tissue specimen. There was a tendency for the lower level of TbetaR-I expression of SCC compared with SK (p=0.08). This was accompanied by the decreased expression of the TbetaR-I. We found a markedly decreased expression of all antigens in BCC. conversion of normal keratinocytes to tumorigenic cells may in part be due to an acquisition of resistance to TGF-beta and loss of expression of intracellular signalling Smad proteins.
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
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| 25. |
- Olofsson, S., et al.
(author)
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Measuring the end-of-life premium in cancer using individual ex ante willingness to pay
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 19:6, s. 807-820
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the assessment of value of new therapies in healthcare, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies often review the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Some HTA agencies accept a higher cost per QALY gained when treatment is aimed at prolonging survival for patients with a short expected remaining lifetime, a so-called end-of-life (EoL) premium. The objective of this study is to elicit the existence and size of an EoL premium in cancer. Data was collected from 509 individuals in the Swedish general population 20-80 years old using a web-based questionnaire. Preferences were elicited using subjective risk estimation and the contingent valuation (CV) method. A split-sample design was applied to test for order bias. The mean value of a QALY was MSEK4.8 (€528,000), and there was an EoL premium of 4-10% at 6 months of expected remaining lifetime. Using subjective risk resulted in more robust and valid estimates of the value of a QALY. Order of scenarios did not have a significant impact on the WTP and the result showed scale sensitivity. Our result provides some support for the use of an EoL premium based on individual preferences when expected remaining lifetime is short and below 24 months. Furthermore, we find support for a value of a QALY that is above the current threshold of several HTA agencies.
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| 26. |
- Olofsson, S, et al.
(author)
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Value of a QALY and VSI estimated with the chained approach
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 20:7, s. 1063-1077
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The value of a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and the value of a statistical injury (VSI) are important measures within health economics and transport economics. Several studies have, therefore, estimated people's willingness to pay (WTP) for these estimates, but most results show scale insensitivity. The 'original' chained approach (CA) is a method developed to mitigate this problem by combining the contingent valuation (CV) with standard gamble (SG). In contrast to the version of the CA applied by the previous research of the WTP for a QALY, the original version allows the value of major health gains to be estimated without having the respondents express their WTP directly. The objective of this study was to estimate the value of a QALY and VSI in the context of non-fatal road traffic accidents using the original CA to test if the approach, applied to a wide range of health gains, is able to derive valid estimates and a constant value of a QALY which the previous research has not been able to show. Data were collected from a total of 800 individuals in the Swedish adult general population using two web-based questionnaires. The values of a QALY based on trimmed estimates were close to constant at €300,000 irrespective of the size of the QALY gain. The study shows that the original CA method may be a valid method to estimate the value of a QALY and VSI for major health losses. It also supports the use of a higher threshold value for a QALY than that which is currently applied by several health technology assessment agencies in different countries.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Persson, U, et al.
(author)
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The L45 loop in type I receptors for TGF-beta family members is a critical determinant in specifying Smad isoform activation.
- 1998
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In: FEBS letters. - 0014-5793. ; 434:1-2, s. 83-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signal via distinct type I and type II receptors and Smad proteins. A nine amino acid sequence between kinase subdomains IV and V in type I receptors, termed the L45 loop, has been shown to be important in conferring signalling specificity. We examined the responses of a mutant TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) and a mutant BMPR-IB, in which the L45 regions of these two receptors were exchanged. Swapping the four amino acid residues that are different in BMPR-IB for those in TbetaR-I, and vice versa, switched their type I receptor-restricted Smad activation and specificity in transcriptional responses. These studies identify the L45 loop regions in type I receptors as critical determinants in specifying Smad isoform activation.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Yin, WY, et al.
(author)
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Gestational age and risk of intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study
- 2022
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 107:9, s. 826-832
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To examine the association between gestational age at birth and risk of clinically diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) week by week to provide a detailed description of ID risk across the entire range of gestational ages and by severity of ID.MethodsAll individuals born alive in Sweden 1974–2017 were prospectively followed up from birth until 2017 using national registers. The HRs for ID according to weekly gestational age and gestational age categories were determined using Cox models. Sibling analyses were conducted to adjust for familial confounding.ResultsThe study included 3 572 845 live births. During the follow-up, 26 596 ID cases were registered. The adjusted weekly estimates showed a gradual increase in risk of ID from week 40 to week 24 (adjusted HR37weeks=1.80 (1.74 to 1.87), aHR32weeks=3.93 (3.73 to 4.13), aHR28weeks=7.53 (6.95 to 8.16), aHR24weeks=21.58 (18.62 to 25.00)) and from week 41 onwards (aHR42weeks=1.26 (1.19 to 1.32)), with statistically significantly higher risks across the range of gestational age compared with infants born at week 40. The associations were consistent in mild, moderate and severe/profound ID but most prominent for severe/profound ID.ConclusionThe risk of ID increased weekly as the date of delivery moved away from 40 weeks, both preterm and post-term. The results remained robust after detailed adjustment for confounding, including familial confounding.
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| 32. |
- Aberg, J, et al.
(author)
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Electrical properties of the TiSi2-Si transition region in contacts : The influence of an interposed layer of Nb
- 2001
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 90:5, s. 2380-2388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of an interposed ultrathin Nb layer between Ti and Si on the silicide formation and the electrical contact between the silicide formed and the Si substrate is investigated. The presence of the Nb interlayer results in the formation of ternary alloy (Nb,Ti)Si-2 in the C40 crystallographic structure adjacent to the Si substrate. Depending on the nature of the Si substrates and/or the amount of the initial Nb, the interfacial C40 (Nb,Ti)Si-2 leads, in turn, to either epitaxial growth of a highly faulted metastable C40 TiSi2 or formation of the desired C54 TiSi2 at a lower temperature than needed for it to form in reference samples with Ti deposited directly on Si. On p-type substrates doped to various concentrations, the Nb also leads to a considerably lower specific contact resistivity than that obtained in the reference samples: a twofold to fourfold reduction in the contact resistivity is found using cross-bridge Kelvin structures in combination with two-dimensional numerical simulation. As C40 (Nb,Ti)Si-2 forms at the interface when an interfacial Nb is present, the interface characterized is likely to represent the one between (Nb,Ti)Si-2 and Si. For the reference samples, the interface studied is between TiSi2 and Si.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Aktar, Shaki, et al.
(author)
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Trends and risk of recurrent preterm birth in pregnancy cohorts in rural Bangladesh, 1990-2019
- 2023
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 8:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: A history of preterm birth reportedly increases the risk of subsequent preterm birth. This association has primarily been studied in high-income countries and not in low-income settings in transition with rapidly descending preterm birth figures. We evaluated the population-based trends of preterm births and recurrent preterm births and the risk of preterm birth recurrence in the second pregnancy based on prospectively studied pregnancy cohorts over three decades in Matlab, Bangladesh.Methods: A population-based cohort included 72 160 live births from 1990 to 2019. We calculated preterm birth and recurrent preterm birth trends. We assessed the odds of preterm birth recurrence based on a subsample of 14 567 women with live-born singletons in their first and second pregnancies. We used logistic regression and presented the associations by OR with a 95% CI.Results: The proportion of preterm births decreased from 25% in 1990 to 13% in 2019. The recurrent preterm births had a similar, falling pattern from 7.4% to 3.1% across the same period, contributing 27% of the total number of preterm births in the population. The odds of second pregnancy preterm birth were doubled (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.96 to 2.43) in women with preterm birth compared with the women with term birth in their first pregnancies, remaining similar over the study period. The lower the gestational age at the first birth, the higher the odds of preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy (test for trend p<0.001).Conclusion: In this rural Bangladeshi setting, recurrent preterm births contributed a sizeable proportion of the total number of preterm births at the population level. The increased risk of recurrence remained similar across three decades when the total proportion of preterm births was reduced from 25% to 13%.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Alam, Muhammad Wasi, et al.
(author)
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HIF2α contributes to antiestrogen resistance via positive bilateral crosstalk with EGFR in breast cancer cells.
- 2016
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In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:10, s. 50-11238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The majority of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα), and most patients with ERα-positive breast cancer benefit from antiestrogen therapy. The ERα-modulator tamoxifen and ERα-downregulator fulvestrant are commonly employed antiestrogens. Antiestrogen resistance remains a clinical challenge, with few effective treatments available for patients with antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Hypoxia, which is intrinsic to most tumors, promotes aggressive disease, with the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF1 and HIF2 regulating cellular responses to hypoxia. Here, we show that the ERα-expressing breast cancer cells MCF-7, CAMA-1, and T47D are less sensitive to antiestrogens when hypoxic. Furthermore, protein and mRNA levels of HIF2α/HIF2A were increased in a panel of antiestrogen-resistant cells, and antiestrogen-exposure further increased HIF2α expression. Ectopic expression of HIF2α in MCF-7 cells significantly decreased sensitivity to antiestrogens, further implicating HIF2α in antiestrogen resistance. EGFR is known to contribute to antiestrogen resistance: we further show that HIF2α drives hypoxic induction of EGFR and that EGFR induces HIF2α expression. Downregulation or inhibition of EGFR led to decreased HIF2α levels. This positive and bilateral HIF2-EGFR regulatory crosstalk promotes antiestrogen resistance and, where intrinsic hypoxic resistance exists, therapy itself may exacerbate the problem. Finally, inhibition of HIFs by FM19G11 restores antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant cells. Targeting HIF2 may be useful for counteracting antiestrogen resistance in the clinic.
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| 42. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Kinematic analysis using 3D motion capture of drinking task in people with and without upper-extremity impairments
- 2018
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In: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for objective assessment of upper extremity movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Three-dimensional motion capture with an optoelectronic camera system is considered as golden standard for kinematic movement analysis and is increasingly used as outcome measure to evaluate the movement performance and quality after an injury or disease involving upper extremity movements. This article describes a standardized protocol for kinematic analysis of drinking task applied in individuals with upper extremity impairments after stroke. The drinking task incorporates reaching, grasping and lifting a cup from a table to take a drink, placing the cup back, and moving the hand back to the edge of the table. The sitting position is standardized to the individual's body size and the task is performed in a comfortable self-paced speed and compensatory movements are not constrained. The intention is to keep the task natural and close to a real-life situation to improve the ecological validity of the protocol. A 5-camera motion capture system is used to gather 3D coordinate positions from 9 retroreflective markers positioned on anatomical landmarks of the arm, trunk, and face. A simple single marker placement is used to ensure the feasibility of the protocol in clinical settings. Custom-made Matlab software provides automated and fast analyses of movement data. Temporal kinematics of movement time, velocity, peak velocity, time of peak velocity, and smoothness (number of movement units) along with spatial angular kinematics of shoulder and elbow joint as well as trunk movements are calculated. The drinking task is a valid assessment for individuals with moderate and mild upper extremity impairment. The construct, discriminative and concurrent validity along with responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of the kinematic variables obtained from the drinking task have been established. © 2018 Journal of Visualized Experiments.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Alwin, J, et al.
(author)
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Health economic and process evaluation of AT interventions for persons with dementia and their relatives : A suggested assessment model
- 2007
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In: Technology and Disability. - 1055-4181. ; 19:2-3, s. 61-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing interest in assistive technology (AT) as a means of enabling participation in everyday activities for persons with dementia and their relatives. Health economic assessment of AT in dementia is of importance due to the consequences of the disease for both patients and relatives and to the high societal costs for dementia care. The aim of this article is to outline a model for assessment of AT interventions for persons with dementia. The model expands existing assessment models as it also includes evaluation of the intervention process. Methodological challenges and possibilities in making health economic assessments, including outcomes and costs, as well as process evaluation, are discussed in the article.
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| 45. |
- Alyahya, G. A., et al.
(author)
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Pleomorphic adenoma arising in an accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring
- 2006
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In: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-6420. ; 113:5, s. 879-82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe a patient with pleomorphic adenoma arising in an accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring in the lower lid and to illustrate the immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetics. DESIGN: Single interventional case report. METHODS: A 62-year-old man presented with a 20-year history of a painless slowly growing mass at the temporal part of the right lower eyelid. Histological, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of the excised tumor were performed. RESULTS: Histological evaluation showed many glandular elements embedded in a myxoid stroma. The tumor was situated beneath an area of a normal accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring and in close association with normal meibomian glands. Myoepithelial tumor cells in the myxoid stroma reacted strongly with an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein, which did not bind to normal lacrimal gland tissue. Tumor cells with both epithelial and myoepithelial morphologies reacted positively for both pleomorphic adenoma gene-1 and high-mobility group A2 proteins. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed no evidence of clonal translocations or numerical abnormalities involving chromosome 8 or 12. CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenoma of the accessory lacrimal gland is an exceedingly rare tumor of the ocular adnexa. Glial fibrillary acidic protein seems to be a tumor-associated antigen. Genetically, this case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from an accessory lacrimal gland of Wolfring is identical with those originating from salivary glands.
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