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- Fyhrquist, N, et al.
(author)
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Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
- 2019
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4703-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. Here we perform a comparative analysis of skin microbial communities coupled to global patterns of cutaneous gene expression in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. The skin microbiota is analysed by 16S amplicon or whole genome sequencing and the skin transcriptome by microarrays, followed by integration of the data layers. We find that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be classified by distinct microbes, which differ from healthy volunteers microbiome composition. Atopic dermatitis is dominated by a single microbe (Staphylococcus aureus), and associated with a disease relevant host transcriptomic signature enriched for skin barrier function, tryptophan metabolism and immune activation. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by co-occurring communities of microbes with weak associations with disease related gene expression. Our work provides a basis for biomarker discovery and targeted therapies in skin dysbiosis.
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- Dahlin, M, et al.
(author)
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The gut microbiome and epilepsy
- 2019
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 44, s. 741-746
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
- Enrich Prast, Alex, et al.
(author)
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Sediment Denitrification in Two Contrasting Tropical Shallow Lagoons
- 2016
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In: Estuaries and Coasts. - : SPRINGER. - 1559-2723 .- 1559-2731. ; 39:3, s. 657-663
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sediment denitrification was monthly evaluated in two tropical coastal lagoons with different trophic states using the N-15 isotope pairing technique. Denitrification rates were very low in both environments, always < 5.0 mu mol N-2 m(-2) h(-1) and were not significantly different between them. Oxygen consumption varied from 426 to 4248 mu mol O-2 m(-2) h(-1) and was generally three times higher in the meso-eutrophic than the oligotrophic lagoon. The low denitrification activity was ascribed to both low water NO3- concentrations (< 2.0 mu M) and little nitrate supply from nitrification. There was no correlation of denitrification with nitrate or ammonium fluxes. Sediments in temperate environments with similar oxygen consumption rates usually presented a higher proportion of nitrification-denitrification rates. Sediment oxygen consumption was a good predictor of sediment denitrification in both studied lagoons.
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- Lindefeldt, M, et al.
(author)
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The ketogenic diet influences taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota in children with severe epilepsy
- 2019
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In: NPJ biofilms and microbiomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5008. ; 5:1, s. 5-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gut microbiota has been linked to various neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. Diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet established for treatment of therapy-resistant epilepsy in children. Its efficacy in reducing seizures has been confirmed, but the mechanisms remain elusive. The diet has also shown positive effects in a wide range of other diseases, including Alzheimer’s, depression, autism, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. We collected fecal samples from 12 children with therapy-resistant epilepsy before starting KD and after 3 months on the diet. Parents did not start KD and served as diet controls. Applying shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing, both taxonomic and functional profiles were established. Here we report that alpha diversity is not changed significantly during the diet, but differences in both taxonomic and functional composition are detected. Relative abundance of bifidobacteria as well as E. rectale and Dialister is significantly diminished during the intervention. An increase in relative abundance of E. coli is observed on KD. Functional analysis revealed changes in 29 SEED subsystems including the reduction of seven pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Decomposition of these shifts indicates that bifidobacteria and Escherichia are important contributors to the observed functional shifts. As relative abundance of health-promoting, fiber-consuming bacteria becomes less abundant during KD, we raise concern about the effects of the diet on the gut microbiota and overall health. Further studies need to investigate whether these changes are necessary for the therapeutic effect of KD.
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