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- Kirdyanov, Alexander V., et al.
(author)
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Ecological and conceptual consequences of Arctic pollution
- 2020
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In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 23:12, s. 1827-1837
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the effect of pollution on forest health and decline received much attention in the 1980s, it has not been considered to explain the 'Divergence Problem' in dendroclimatology; a decoupling of tree growth from rising air temperatures since the 1970s. Here we use physical and biogeochemical measurements of hundreds of living and dead conifers to reconstruct the impact of heavy industrialisation around Norilsk in northern Siberia. Moreover, we develop a forward model with surface irradiance forcing to quantify long-distance effects of anthropogenic emissions on the functioning and productivity of Siberia's taiga. Downwind from the world's most polluted Arctic region, tree mortality rates of up to 100% have destroyed 24,000 km(2)boreal forest since the 1960s, coincident with dramatic increases in atmospheric sulphur, copper, and nickel concentrations. In addition to regional ecosystem devastation, we demonstrate how 'Arctic Dimming' can explain the circumpolar 'Divergence Problem', and discuss implications on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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| 2. |
- Vorobyev, Sergey N., et al.
(author)
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Floodplain carbon dioxide emissions strongly exceed those of the main river stem : a case study of the Ob river, western Siberia
- 2024
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In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of floodplains in carbon (C) evasion from the lotic systems is especially important in continental plains of low runoff such as the organic-rich Western Siberian Lowland (WSL). To quantify the relative importance of the floodplain compared to main stem CO2 emissions, we monitored a large region of the Ob River's middle course (permafrost-free zone) over 3 months from spring to summer. We calculated seasonal water coverage using remote sensing, GIS and hydrologically-based approaches and measured CO2 emissions using floating chambers. There was a strongly pronounced seasonality in the water area's extent of the floodplain with water covering > 40 % of land during the ∼ 30 days of the most intensive spring flood (May – June) and subsequently declining to ≤ 10 % during summer (July-August). Maximal CO2 emissions were recorded in most shallow water bodies of the floodplain, notably in temporary flooded fens and birch forests. The CO2 emissions during the study period ranged from 0.2 ± 0.2 to 0.9 ± 0.2 g Cm−2 d−1 for the floodplain and 0.03 ± 0.34 g C m−2 d−1 for the Ob's main channel.CO2 emissions from the floodplain were ∼ 163 ± 20 t C per km for the river's main stem during the 95 day study period. The partial contributions of temporary flooded zones, main stem, and permanent lakes / secondary channels to total emissions (1820 km² area) were 70, 16, and 14 %, respectively. Over spring and summer seasons, contributions from flooded zones ranged from 43 to 99 % of total CO2 emissions from water surfaces of the Ob River's middle course. Extrapolation of obtained results to the entire territory of the Ob River floodplain indicates that not accounting for the floodplain emissions may sizably—up to an order of magnitude—underestimate the CO2 emissions from riverine systems in Western Siberia during open water period. Future work on the Ob River floodplain in the permafrost-bearing zone should be prioritized and would allow adequate upscaling of C emission from this environmentally important territory.
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