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1.	Sun, Jia-Qi, et al. (author) Spatholobus suberectus Column Extract Inhibits Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer via Suppressing ER MAPK PI3K/AKT Pathway 2016 In: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1741-427X .- 1741-4288. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Although Chinese herbal compounds have long been alternatively applied for cancer treatment in China, their treatment effects have not been sufficiently investigated. The Chinese herb Spatholobus suberectus is commonly prescribed to cancer patients. HPLC analysis has shown that the main components of Spatholobus suberectus are flavonoids that can be classified as phytoestrogens, having a structure similar to estrogen. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Spatholobus suberectus column extract (SSCE) on the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its possible molecular mechanism. In our study, MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. The results show that SSCE (80, 160, and 320 mu g/ml) significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells. SSCE also triggered apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell migration. A dual-luciferase reporter system showed that SSCE suppressed intranuclear p-ER activity; Western blot analysis confirmed the repressed expression of phosphorylated-ER alpha (p-ER alpha), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, AKT, p-AKT, p-mTOR, PI3K, and p-PI3K, indicating that SSCE suppressed the MAPK PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that SSCE causes apoptosis, an arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and a decrease in migration in ER+ MCF-7 cells via hypoactivity of the ER and suppression of the MAPK PI3K/AKT pathway.
2.	Yuan-Biao, Qiao, et al. (author) Antifungal resistance-modifying multiplexing action of Momordica charantia protein and phosphorylated derivatives on the basis of growth-dependent gene coregulation in Candida albicans 2021 In: Medical Mycology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1369-3786 .- 1460-2709. ; 59:6, s. 515-527 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Fungal growth-dependent gene coregulation is strongly implicated in alteration of gene-encoding target proteases ruling with an antifungal resistance niche and biology of resistant mutants. On the basis of multialterative processes in this platform, the resistance-modifying strategy is designed in ketoconazole resistant Candida albicans and evaluated with less selective Momordica charantia protein and allosterically phosphorylated derivatives at the Thr102, Thr24 and Thr255 sites, respectively. We demonstrate absolutely chemosensitizing efficacy regarding stepwise-modifying resistance in sensitivity, by a load of only 26.23-40.00 mu g/l agents in Sabouraud's dextrose broth. Five successive modifying-steps realize the decreasing of ketoconazole E-test MIC50 from 11.10 to a lower level than 0.10 mg/l. With the ketoconazole resistance-modifying, colony undergoes a high-frequency morphological switch between high ploidy (opaque) and small budding haploid (white). A cellular event in the first modifying-step associates with relatively slow exponential growth (ie, a 4-h delay)-dependent action, mediated by agents adsorption. Moreover, multiple molecular roles are coupled with intracellularly and extracellularly binding to ATP-dependent RNA helicase dbp6; the 0.08-2.45 fold upregulation of TATA-box-binding protein, rRNA-processing protein and translation initiation factor 5A; and the 7.52-55.33% decrease of cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, glucan 1, 3-beta glucosidase, candidapepsin-1 and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase. Spatial and temporal gene coregulation, in the transcription and translation initiation stages with rRNA-processing, is a new coprocessing platform enabling target protease attenuations for resistance-impairing. An updated resistance-modifying measure of these agents in the low-dose antifungal strategic design may provide opportunities to a virtually safe therapy that is in high dose-dependency.
3.	Huang, Ke, et al. (author) Tailoring magnetic order via atomically stacking 3d/5d electrons to achieve high-performance spintronic devices 2020 In: Applied Physics Reviews. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 1931-9401. ; 7:1 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The ability to tune magnetic orders, such as magnetic anisotropy and topological spin texture, is desired to achieve high-performance spintronic devices. A recent strategy has been to employ interfacial engineering techniques, such as the introduction of spin-correlated interfacial coupling, to tailor magnetic orders and achieve novel magnetic properties. We chose a unique polar-nonpolar LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice because Mn (3d)/Ir (5d) oxides exhibit rich magnetic behaviors and strong spin-orbit coupling through the entanglement of their 3d and 5d electrons. Through magnetization and magnetotransport measurements, we found that the magnetic order is interface-dominated as the superlattice period is decreased. We were able to then effectively modify the magnetization, tilt of the ferromagnetic easy axis, and symmetry transition of the anisotropic magnetoresistance of the LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice by introducing additional Mn (3d) and Ir (5d) interfaces. Further investigations using in-depth first-principles calculations and numerical simulations revealed that these magnetic behaviors could be understood by the 3d/5d electron correlation and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The results reported here demonstrate a new route to synchronously engineer magnetic properties through the atomic stacking of different electrons, which would contribute to future applications in high-capacity storage devices and advanced computing.
4.	Liu, Jun, et al. (author) Microbial community structure and function in sediments from e-waste contaminated rivers at Guiyu area of China 2018 In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 235, s. 171-179 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The release of toxic organic pollutants and heavy metals by primitive electronic waste (e-waste) processing to waterways has raised significant concerns, but little is known about their potential ecological effects on aquatic biota especially microorganisms. We characterized the microbial community composition and diversity in sediments sampled along two rivers consistently polluted by e-waste, and explored how community functions may respond to the complex combined pollution. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria (particularly Deltaproteobacteria) dominated the sediment microbial assemblages followed by Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. PICRUSt metagenome inference provided an initial insight into the metabolic potentials of these e-waste affected communities, speculating that organic pollutants degradation in the sediment might be mainly performed by some of the dominant genera (such as Sulfuricurvum, Thiobacillus and Burkholderia) detected in situ. Statistical analyses revealed that toxic organic compounds contributed more to the observed variations in sediment microbial community structure and predicted functions (24.68% and 8.89%, respectively) than heavy metals (12.18% and 4.68%), and Benzo(a)pyrene, bioavailable lead and electrical conductivity were the key contributors. These results have shed light on the microbial assemblages in e-waste contaminated river sediments, indicating a potential influence of e-waste pollution on the microbial community structure and function in aquatic ecosystems.
5.	Liu, Yijia, et al. (author) Metasurface-Based Modulation With Enhanced Interference Resilience 2023 In: IEEE Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1089-7798 .- 1558-2558. ; 27:5, s. 1447-1451 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have great potential for Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to their cost-effectiveness and energy-efficiency. However, under the application of RIS, current RIS systems cannot actively predict and avoid interference, as evolving interference signals can dynamically change their frequency bands. To address this issue, we develop a learning-based dynamic RIS spectrum access scheme to avoid interference and enhance wireless transmission reliability. An intelligent metasurface-based modulation (MM) is designed for generating and reflecting anti-interference radio-frequency signals. Specifically, a Dyna-Q algorithm is employed at the RIS controller to learn the frequency of interference signals, which is used to determine the frequency of the carrier signals. Experiments are conducted on the proposed RIS demo system to evaluate its anti-interference capability, and the results show that our scheme leads to an increase of at least 50% in the system throughput. These numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed scheme.
6.	Luo, Yifei, et al. (author) Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors 2023 In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
7.	Machiela, Mitchell J, et al. (author) Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome 2016 In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases.
8.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) A Learning-Based Spectrum Access Stackelberg Game : Friendly Jammer-Assisted Communication Confrontation 2021 In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 70:1, s. 700-713 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Defensive and offensive capabilities are both significant in communication confrontation games. By exploiting the above two capabilities, a new confrontation mechanism in the spectrum domain between two opposing teams denoted as the blue team (BT) and red team (RT), is designed. The basic idea is that by sacrificing parts of ally performance to severely deteriorate the opponent side communications. Specifically, a friendly and smart jammer (assuming in the BT) is deployed to weaken opponent (i.e., members in the RT) communications without causing great damages to other BT members, while the smart RT members try to evade the jamming and alleviate mutual interference. The interactions among the friendly jammer and other nodes are modeled as a Stackelberg game, with each player seeking for their respective utility maximization. We prove that each sub-game is an exact potential game. To efficiently search for the equilibrium solutions, a parallel log-linear learning algorithm is proposed, based on which each user intelligently decides their spectrum access policies. Numerical results demonstrate that: 1) RT communications are effectively suppressed; meanwhile, mutual interference among ally BT communication pairs is significantly alleviated; 2) the proposed algorithm achieves a close-to-optimal solution; 3) compared with the current state of solutions, i.e., random selection, stochastic learning automata, our algorithm performs better in terms of both utility and convergence.
9.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) A Task-Driven Sequential Overlapping Coalition Formation Game for Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous UAV Networks 2023 In: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1233 .- 1558-0660. ; 22:8, s. 4439-4455 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network where UAVs carrying different resources form coalition and cooperatively carry out tasks is of crucial importance for fulfilling diverse tasks. However, the existing coalition formation (CF) game model only optimizes the composition of UAVs in a single coalition, which results in disjoined coalitions. In order to tackle this issue, a sequential overlapping coalition formation (OCF) game is proposed by considering the overlapping and complementary relations of resource properties and the task execution order. Moreover, different from the Pareto and selfish orders, a bilateral mutual benefit transfer (BMBT) order is proposed to optimize the cooperative task resource allocation through partial cooperation among overlapping coalition members. Furthermore, using the preference relation between UAVs carrying resources and tasks requiring the same type of resource, a preference gravity-guided tabu search (PGG-TS) algorithm is developed to obtain a stable coalition structure. Numerical results verify that the proposed PGG-TS algorithm increases the average utility of tasks by 12.5% and 38.5% compared with the split-merge preferred OCF algorithm and non-overlapping CF algorithm, respectively. The utility of the proposed BMBT order increases by 25.1% and 34.3% compared with selfish and Pareto orders, respectively.
10.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Efficient Coded Cooperative Networks With Energy Harvesting and Transferring 2017 In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 16:10, s. 6335-6349 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper, a multi-user multi-relay network with integrated energy harvesting and transferring (IEHT) strategy is studied. In our system, a simultaneous two-level cooperation, i.e., information-and energy-level cooperation is conducted for uplink data transmissions (from the users to a destination). Specifically, network coding is employed at the relays to facilitate the information-level cooperation; meanwhile, ET is adopted to share the harvested energy among the users for the energy-level cooperation. For generality purposes, the Nakagami-m fading channels that are independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.)are considered. The problem of energy efficiency maximization under constraints of the energy causality and a predefined outage probability threshold is formulated and shown to be non-convex. By exploiting fractional and geometric programming, a convex form-based iterative algorithm is developed to solve the problem efficiently. Close-to-optimal power allocation and energy cooperation policies across consecutive transmissions are found. Moreover, the effects of relay locations, wireless energy transmission efficiency, battery capacity as well as the existence of direct links are investigated. The performance comparison with the current state of solutions demonstrates that the proposed policies can manage the harvested energy more efficiently.
11.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Efficient network-coded relaying systems with energy harvesting and transferring 2017 In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781467389990 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper, a multi-user multi-relay network with wireless energy harvesting (EH) and transferring (ET) is studied. In our system, a simultaneous two-level cooperation, i.e., information-level and energy-level cooperation is conducted for uplink data transmissions (from the users to a destination). Specifically, network coding is employed at the relays to facilitate the information-level cooperation; meanwhile, ET is adopted to share the harvested energy among the users for the energy-level cooperation. The energy minimization problem that takes into account the energy causality and outage probability constraints is formulated. However, the optimization problem is non-convex and hard to be solved directly. Alternatively, an approximation technique is adopted to convert it into a convex one. By solving the convex problem, efficient power allocation and ET policies are designed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a near-optimal performance and outperforms the state of arts.
12.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Energy-Efficient Cooperative Network Coding With Joint Relay Scheduling and Power Allocation 2016 In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : IEEE. - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 64:11, s. 4506-4519 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The energy efficiency (EE) of a multi-user multi-relay system with the maximum diversity network coding (MDNC) is studied. We explicitly find the connection among the outage probability, energy consumption, and EE, and formulate the maximizing EE problem under the outage probability constraint. Relay scheduling (RS) and power allocation (PA) are applied to schedule the relay states (transmitting, sleeping, and so on) and optimize the transmitting power under the practical channel and power consumption models. Since the optimization problem is NP hard, to reduce computational complexity, the outage probability is first tightly approximated to a log-convex form. Furthermore, the EE is converted into a subtractive form based on the fractional programming. Then, a convex mixed-integer nonlinear problem is eventually obtained. With a generalized outer approximation algorithm, RS and PA are solved in an iterative manner. The Pareto-optimal curves between the EE and the target outage probability show the EE gains from PA and RS. Moreover, by comparing with the no network coding (NoNC) scenario, we conclude that with the same number of relays, MDNC can lead to EE gains. However, if RS is implemented, NoNC can outperform MDNC in terms of the EE when more relays are needed in the MDNC scheme.
13.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Energy Efficient Two-Tier Network-Coded Relaying Systems Considering Processing Energy Costs 2019 In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 68:1, s. 999-1003 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper, a two-tier network coding (TNC) scheme is proposed for the multi-user multi-relay transmission scenarios. Specifically, TNC is conducted at each individual relay, where two groups of source messages are combined into one network codeword that is forwarded to dual destinations. Finally, two groups of source messages are jointly recovered from different network codewords at the destinations. Both analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the current state of art in terms of the energy efficiency (EE). In addition, the impacts of multiple parameters, including the number of users, SNR and relay locations on the average EE have been demonstrated, which provide valuable insights for the system designs of future wireless networks.
14.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) On the Energy Efficiency in Multi-user Multi-relayCoded Network 2016 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper, the energy efficiency (EE) of a cooperative diversity system with maximum diversity network coding (MDNC) is studied. In the considered system, channel state information (CSI) is only available at the receivers for all the channels. We formulate the problem of maximizing the EEunder the constraint on the outage probability. The problem is NP-hard due to the non-convexity of the outage probability function and the nonlinear fractional structure of the introducedEE. To solve the optimization problem efficiently, first, the outage probability function is tightly approximated as a log-convex form in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. Further, based on the fractional programming, we transform the introduced EEinto a subtractive-form, which is proved to be a convex form. The tradeoff between outage probability and EE is given. The results show that our power allocation (PA) policy can substantially increase the EE. We show that EE can be increased if more relays forward the messages. Additionally, we also investigate the effect of the relay locations on the EE and demonstrate that the increase in the transmission distance in the first hop causes the loss of the EE. The loss can be reduced by our PA policy.
15.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Traffic-Aware Two-Stage Queueing Communication Networks : Queue Analysis and Energy Saving 2020 In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 68:8, s. 4919-4932 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To boost energy saving for the general delay-tolerant IoT networks, a two-stage, and single-relay queueing communication scheme is investigated. Concretely, a traffic-aware N-threshold and gated-service policy are applied at the relay. As two fundamental and significant performance metrics, the mean waiting time and long-term expected power consumption are explicitly derived and related with the queueing and service parameters, such as packet arrival rate, service threshold and channel statistics. Besides, we take into account the electrical circuit energy consumptions when the relay server and access point (AP) are in different modes and energy costs for mode transitions, whereby the power consumption model is more practical. The expected power minimization problem under the mean waiting time constraint is formulated. Tight closed-form bounds are adopted to obtain tractable analytical formulae with less computational complexity. The optimal energy-saving service threshold that can flexibly adjust to packet arrival rate is determined. In addition, numerical results reveal that: 1) sacrificing the mean waiting time not necessarily facilitates power savings; 2) a higher arrival rate leads to a greater optimal service threshold; and 3) our policy performs better than the current state-of-the-art.
16.	Qi, Nan, et al. (author) Two Birds With One Stone : Simultaneous Jamming and Eavesdropping With the Bayesian-Stackelberg Game 2021 In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 69:12, s. 8013-8027 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In adversarial scenarios, it is crucial to timely monitor what tactical messages that opponent transmitters are sending to intended receiver(s), and disrupt the transmissions immediately if in need. The issue becomes more challenging in face of an intelligent transmitter. To address the above-stated issue, a full-duplex (FD) technique is utilized to enable simultaneous jamming and eavesdropping (SJE) at a friendly jammer node. In particular, the "Two Birds with One Stone" strategy is utilized at the jammer node to realize effective rate degradation and information eavesdropping. A confrontation game between an intelligence-empowered FD jammer and its opponent is investigated. Specifically, to capture their adversarial relationship in an environment with incomplete information, a power-domain Bayesian-Stackelberg game is proposed. The existence of a Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) power solution is proved. The semi-closed-form solutions of SE are derived, which are proved to be asymptotically optimal (have a gap of less than 1% with the exact utility), and improves the jammer node 10% utility compared with the Nash equilibrium. Additionally, the SJE strategy outperforms the half-duplex (HD) and other benchmark schemes.
17.	Thompson, B.A., et al. (author) Application of a 5-tiered scheme for standardized classification of 2,360 unique mismatch repair gene variants in the InSiGHT locus-specific database 2014 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:2, s. 107-115 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives. The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) undertook a collaborative effort to develop, test and apply a standardized classification scheme to constitutional variants in the Lynch syndrome-associated genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution. The scheme was refined by multidisciplinary expert committee review of the clinical and functional data available for variants, applied to 2,360 sequence alterations, and disseminated online. Assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for 66% of 12,006 database entries. Clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for 1,370 variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature. This large-scale endeavor will facilitate the consistent management of families suspected to have Lynch syndrome and demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in the curation and classification of variants in public locus-specific databases. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
18.	Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., et al. (author) Genetically predicted circulating concentrations of micronutrients and risk of colorectal cancer among individuals of European descent : a Mendelian randomization study 2021 In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 113:6, s. 1490-1502 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The literature on associations of circulating concentrations of minerals and vitamins with risk of colorectal cancer is limited and inconsistent. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support the efficacy of dietary modification or nutrient supplementation for colorectal cancer prevention is also limited.OBJECTIVES: To complement observational and RCT findings, we investigated associations of genetically predicted concentrations of 11 micronutrients (β-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and zinc) with colorectal cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Two-sample MR was conducted using 58,221 individuals with colorectal cancer and 67,694 controls from the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were performed with sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions.RESULTS: Nominally significant associations were noted for genetically predicted iron concentration and higher risk of colon cancer [ORs per SD (ORSD): 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.17; P value = 0.05] and similarly for proximal colon cancer, and for vitamin B-12 concentration and higher risk of colorectal cancer (ORSD: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21; P value = 0.01) and similarly for colon cancer. A nominally significant association was also noted for genetically predicted selenium concentration and lower risk of colon cancer (ORSD: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00; P value = 0.05) and similarly for distal colon cancer. These associations were robust to sensitivity analyses. Nominally significant inverse associations were observed for zinc and risk of colorectal and distal colon cancers, but sensitivity analyses could not be performed. None of these findings survived correction for multiple testing. Genetically predicted concentrations of β-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin B-6 were not associated with disease risk.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest possible causal associations of circulating iron and vitamin B-12 (positively) and selenium (inversely) with risk of colon cancer.
19.	Wang, Kewei, et al. (author) Fairness-aware Location and Hybrid Beamforming Optimization in IRSs-aided Cell-free MIMO System 2023 In: 2023 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China, ICCC 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Intelligent reflecting surface/Reconfigurable intelligent surface (IRS/RIS) and cell-free networks have been proposed as revolutionary technologies for beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication, which may significantly improve the connection quality and coverage to meet future communication demand for extremely massive connectivity and high reliability. In this paper, we proposed a low-complexity fractional programming (FP) based fairness-aware location and hybrid beamforming optimization method in IRSs-assisted cell-free MIMO systems. The minimum rate of user (UE) was optimized by jointly optimizing the passive beamforming in IRSs, location of IRSs, and transmit beamforming at base stations (BSs). Different from previous works, which required solving many feasible second-order cone program (SOCP) and semi-definite relaxation (SDR) problems in each iteration, our algorithm only needs to solve SOCP and SDR once in each iteration. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is validated by numerical results and our proposed method can improve the minimum rate by approximately 51% compared with FP transmit beamforming with random phase shift of IRS.
20.	Wang, Kewei, et al. (author) Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Aided Energy Efficiency Maximization in Cell-Free Networks 2024 In: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 13:6, s. 1596-1600 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract As we move towards next-generation wireless networks, the need for sustainability through energy efficiency (EE) concepts becomes more important than ever. Meanwhile, technology enablers, such as beamforming and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), if appropriately used in a synergetic manner, can deliver profound excellence in terms of EE. Motivated by this, in this letter, we introduce an EE maximization policy that accounts for the rate demands of the end-users in RIS-assisted cell-free networks. The policy aims at performing joint optimization of the transmit beamforming vectors and the RIS phase-shift matrices in order to maximize the EE. In this direction, we first formulate the corresponding optimization problem, which is non-convex. To solve it, we rely on advanced optimization methods such as quadratic and Lagrangian dual transforms. Numerical results highlight the superiority of the presented policy in comparison to baseline approaches and reveal the most impactful network parameters.
21.	Wang, Kewei, et al. (author) Transmit/Passive Beamforming Design for Multi-IRS Assisted Cell-Free MIMO Networks 2023 In: IEEE Systems Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 17:4, s. 6282-6291 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract For beyond fifth-generation and sixth-generation communication, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)/reconfigurable intelligent surface, and cell-free networks have been proposed as revolutionary technologies, which could significantly improve the connection quality and coverage to meet future communication demands for extremely massive connectivity and high reliability. In this article, a transmit/passive beamforming strategy for multi-IRS assisted cell-free multi-input-multi-output network is proposed to maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR). Specifically, for passive beamforming of IRS, an elementwise block coordinate descent framework is applied to efficiently solve the unit-modulus constraints and reduce computation complexity greatly. Note that, every variable in our proposed algorithm can be updated with closed-form solutions and our algorithm can be applied with distributed implementation. Both analytical and simulation results demonstrate that, while guaranteeing superiority in WSR performance and information interaction cost, the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmark algorithms with closed-form solutions significantly in terms of complexity cost.
22.	Wang, Shuqi, et al. (author) Trajectory Planning for UAV-Assisted Data Collection in IoT Network: A Double Deep Q Network Approach 2024 In: Electronics. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 2079-9292. ; 13:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly valuable as a new type of mobile communication device and autonomous decision-making device in many application areas, including the Internet of Things (IoT). UAVs have advantages over other stationary devices in terms of high flexibility. However, a UAV, as a mobile device, still faces some challenges in optimizing its trajectory for data collection. Firstly, the high complexity of the movement action and state space of the UAV’s 3D trajectory is not negligible. Secondly, in unknown urban environments, a UAV must avoid obstacles accurately in order to ensure a safe flight. Furthermore, without a priori wireless channel characterization and ground device locations, a UAV must reliably and safely complete the data collection from the ground devices under the threat of unknown interference. All of these require the proposing of intelligent and automatic onboard trajectory optimization techniques. This paper transforms the trajectory optimization problem into a Markov decision process (MDP), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is applied to the data collection scenario. Specifically, the double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm is designed to address intelligent UAV trajectory planning that enables energy-efficient and safe data collection. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the DDQN algorithm is much better than the traditional Q-Learning algorithm, and the training time of the network is shorter than that of the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm.
23.	Xia, Zhiyu, et al. (author) Functional informed genome-wide interaction analysis of body mass index, diabetes and colorectal cancer risk. 2020 In: Cancer Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2045-7634. ; 9:10, s. 3563-3573 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), likely through perturbations in metabolic traits (e.g. insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis). Identification of interactions between variation in genes and these metabolic risk factors may identify novel biologic insights into CRC etiology.METHODS: To improve statistical power and interpretation for gene-environment interaction (G × E) testing, we tested genetic variants that regulate expression of a gene together for interaction with BMI (kg/m2 ) and diabetes on CRC risk among 26 017 cases and 20 692 controls. Each variant was weighted based on PrediXcan analysis of gene expression data from colon tissue generated in the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project for all genes with heritability ≥1%. We used a mixed-effects model to jointly measure the G × E interaction in a gene by partitioning the interactions into the predicted gene expression levels (fixed effects), and residual G × E effects (random effects). G × BMI analyses were stratified by sex as BMI-CRC associations differ by sex. We used false discovery rates to account for multiple comparisons and reported all results with FDR <0.2.RESULTS: Among 4839 genes tested, genetically predicted expressions of FOXA1 (P = 3.15 × 10-5 ), PSMC5 (P = 4.51 × 10-4 ) and CD33 (P = 2.71 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for men; KIAA0753 (P = 2.29 × 10-5 ) and SCN1B (P = 2.76 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for women; and PTPN2 modified the association between diabetes and CRC risk in both sexes (P = 2.31 × 10-5 ).CONCLUSIONS: Aggregating G × E interactions and incorporating functional information, we discovered novel genes that may interact with BMI and diabetes on CRC risk.
24.	Zhang, Yu, et al. (author) Triaxial rotor modes in finite- N boson systems 2024 In: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 110:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We propose an algebraic approach to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of triaxial rotor modes in nuclei by mapping a triaxial rotor Hamiltonian to the interacting boson model one within a finite-N framework. Our method unveils striking features not observed in conventional modes, exemplified by the B(E2) anomaly, characterized by B(E2;41+→21+)/B(E2;21+→01+)<1. Using specific examples, we demonstrate that the peculiar properties of low-lying states in both neutron-rich and neutron-deficient Os nuclei can be comprehensively understood through the proposed Hamiltonian, which incorporates both rigid and soft triaxial rotor modes. This algebraic method not only offers fresh insights into triaxial dynamics but also showcases its capability in uncovering emergent exotic collective modes in nuclear structure.

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