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| 2. |
- Abasahl, B., et al.
(author)
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Towards Low-Power Reconfigurable Photonic ICs Based on MEMS Technology
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With the progress and industrialization of photonic integrated circuits (PIC) in the past few decades, there is a strong urge towards design and prototyping in a fast, low-cost and reliable manner. In electronics, this demand is met through field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). In the Horizon 2020 MORPHIC (MEMS-based zerO-power Reconfigurable Photonic ICs) project, we are developing a reconfigurable PIC platform to address this demand in the field of photonics and to facilitate the path from idea towards realization for PIC designers and manufacturers.
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| 3. |
- Bogaerts, W., et al.
(author)
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Low-Power Electro-Optic Actuators for Large-Scale Programmable Photonic Circuits
- 2021
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In: 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2021 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photonic integrated circuits are becoming increasingly more complex, especially with the emergence of programmable photonic circuits. These require many tunable photonic elements, such as electro-optic phase shifters and tunable couplers. We will discuss our progress in compact, low-power silicon photonics actuators based on heaters, liquid crystal and MEMS that can be scaled up to large circuits.
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| 4. |
- Bogaerts, W., et al.
(author)
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Programmable photonic circuits using silicon photonic MEMS
- 2021
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In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : The Optical Society.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a silicon photonics technology extended with low-power MEMS scalable to large circuits. This enables us to make photonic waveguide meshes that can be reconfigured using electronics and software.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Khan, U., et al.
(author)
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Large scale programmable photonic circuits using silicon photonic MEMS
- 2022
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In: 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate low-power and non-volatile MEMS actuators on an industrially established silicon photonics platform. The compact electrostatically actuated phase shifters and tunable couplers enable large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits.
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| 8. |
- Khan, U., et al.
(author)
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The MORPHIC Project: Enabling large scale programmable photonic circuits using MEMS
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In MORPHIC, we are enhancing the capabilities of already established silicon photonics platform with low-power and non-volatile MEMS actuators to achieve programmability and re-configurability of the photonic circuits. The combining of high speed silicon photonics, non-volatile MEMS actuation, electronics controlled reconfigurable connectivity and high level design methodologies and programming interface in a package will lead to a complete Field-Programmable Photonic Integrated Circuits (FP-PIC) platform. Ultimately, technology platforms for both generic FP-PIC and Application-Specific Photonic Integrated Circuits (AS-PIC) with possibility of volume manufacturing will be demonstrated.
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| 9. |
- Quack, N., et al.
(author)
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Scalable Nano-Opto-Electromechanical Systems in Silicon Photonics
- 2021
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In: 2021 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2021 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent advances in integration of Nano-Opto-Electromechanical Systems in Silicon Photonics enable fundamental photonic operations such as switching, phase shifting or power equalization on-chip. The unique combination of high optical efficiency, low electric power consumption and compact footprint, provides outstanding opportunities in scalability to large-scale photonic integrated circuits.
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| 10. |
- Quack, N., et al.
(author)
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Silicon photonic MEMS : Exploiting mechanics at the nanoscale to enhance photonic integrated circuits
- 2019
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In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - Washington, D.C. : OSA - The Optical Society.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the maturing and the increasing complexity of Silicon Photonics technology, novel avenues are pursued to reduce power consumption and to provide enhanced functionality: exploiting mechanical movement in advanced Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits provides a promising path to access a strong modulation of the effective index and to low power consumption by employing mechanically stable and thus non-volatile states. In this paper, we will discuss recent achievements in the development of MEMS enabled systems in Silicon Photonics and outline the roadmap towards reconfigurable general Photonic Integrated Circuits.
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| 11. |
- Ziska, F., et al.
(author)
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Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
- 2013
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 13:17, s. 8915-8934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations and modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database (https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global sea-to-air concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH3I (robust fit/ordinary least squares regression techniques). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our flux calculations for all three compounds. Compared to earlier studies, our global fluxes are at the lower end of estimates, especially for bromoform. An under-representation of coastal emissions and of extreme events in our estimate might explain the mismatch between our bottom-up emission estimate and top-down approaches.
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