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- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Abouzid, Mohamed, et al.
(author)
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Investigating the current environmental situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic : urban vs. rural context
- 2022
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a massive global socio-economic tragedy that has impacted the ecosystem. This paper aims to contextualize urban and rural environmental situations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.ResultsAn online survey was conducted, 6770 participants were included in the final analysis, and 64% were females. The majority of the participants were urban citizens (74%). Over 50% of the urban residents significantly (p < 0.001) reported a reduction in noise, gathering in tourist areas, and gathering in malls and restaurants. Concerning the pollutants, most urban and rural areas have reported an increase in masks thrown in streets (69.49% vs. 73.22%, resp.; p = 0.003). Plastic bags and hospital waste also increased significantly with the same p-value of < 0.001 in urban areas compared with rural ones. The multifactorial logistic model for urban resident predictors achieved acceptable discrimination (AUROC = 0.633) according to age, crowdedness, noise and few pollutants.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic had a beneficial impact on the environment and at the same time, various challenges regarding plastic and medical wastes are rising which requires environmental interventions.
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| 7. |
- Hassan, Mohammad L., et al.
(author)
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Metallo-Terpyridine-Modified Cellulose Nanofiber Membranes for Papermaking Wastewater Purification
- 2018
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In: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. - : Springer. - 1574-1443 .- 1574-1451. ; 28:2, s. 439-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metallo-terpyridine compounds and polymers exhibit unique optical, electrical, magnetic and antimicrobial properties. Recently, metallo-terpyridine-modified cellulosic films with interesting porous structure, that exhibit these properties, have been prepared. Herein we report the use of Cu-terpyridine-modified oxidized cellulose nanofibers (OXCNF-Cu-Tpy) as membranes for treatment of effluents of paper mills to produce re-usable water. The OXCNF-Cu-Tpy was prepared by modification of TEMPO-oxidized CNF (OXCNF) using copper(II) complex of 4′-Chloro [2,2′:6′,2″] terpyridine. The modification was proven by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared OXCNF-Cu-Tpy was also characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared membranes were evaluated regarding their microscopic structure using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurement, water flux and rejection of sub-micron size suspended particles in papermaking wastewater effluent. Chemical modification of OXCNF with the Cu-Tpy groups significantly increased pure water flux of the membranes by about 52 and 194% depending on pressure used during filtration (0.5 and 1 MPa, respectively). Although both OXCNF and OXCNF-Cu-Tpy exhibited high efficiency in removing the sub-micron size suspended particles from wastewater effluent, OXCNF-Cu-Tpy membranes showed about 30% higher flux rate than OXCNF membranes.
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| 8. |
- Hassan, Mohammad L., et al.
(author)
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Water purification ultrafiltration membranes using nanofibers from unbleached and bleached rice straw
- 2020
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There has been an increasing interest in recent years in isolating cellulose nanofibers from unbleached cellulose pulps for economic, environmental, and functional reasons. In the current work, cellulose nanofibers isolated from high-lignin unbleached neutral sulfite pulp were compared to those isolated from bleached rice straw pulp in making thin-film ultrafiltration membranes by vacuum filtration on hardened filter paper. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of their microscopic structure, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, protein fouling, and ability to remove lime nanoparticles and purify papermaking wastewater effluent. Using cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached pulp facilitated the formation of a thin-film membrane (with a shorter filtration time for thin-film formation) and resulted in higher water flux than that obtained using nanofibers isolated from bleached fibers, without sacrificing its ability to remove the different pollutants.
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| 10. |
- Lingam, Ingran, et al.
(author)
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Serial blood cytokine and chemokine mRNA and microRNA over 48h are insult specific in a piglet model of inflammation-sensitized hypoxia-ischaemia.
- 2021
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In: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 89:3, s. 464-475
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to inflammation exacerbates injury in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). We hypothesized that brain biomarker mRNA, cytokine mRNA and microRNA differentiate inflammation (E. coli LPS), hypoxia (Hypoxia), and inflammation-sensitized hypoxia (LPS+Hypoxia) in an NE piglet model.Sixteen piglets were randomized: (i) LPS 2μg/kg bolus; 1μg/kg infusion (LPS; n=5), (ii) Saline with hypoxia (Hypoxia; n=6), (iii) LPS commencing 4h pre-hypoxia (LPS+Hypoxia; n=5). Total RNA was acquired at baseline, 4h after LPS and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48h post-insult (animals euthanized at 48h). Quantitative PCR was performed for cytokines (IL1A, IL6, CXCL8, IL10, TNFA) and brain biomarkers (ENO2, UCHL1, S100B, GFAP, CRP, BDNF, MAPT). MicroRNA was detected using GeneChip (Affymetrix) microarrays. Fold changes from baseline were compared between groups and correlated with cell death (TUNEL) at 48h.Within 6h post-insult, we observed increased IL1A, CXCL8, CCL2 and ENO2 mRNA in LPS+Hypoxia and LPS compared to Hypoxia. IL10 mRNA differentiated all groups. Four microRNAs differentiated LPS+Hypoxia and Hypoxia: hsa-miR-23a, 27a, 31-5p, 193-5p. Cell death correlated with TNFA (R=0.69; p<0.01) at 1-3h and ENO2 (R=-0.69; p=0.01) at 48h.mRNA and miRNA differentiated hypoxia from inflammation-sensitized hypoxia within 6h in a piglet model. This information may inform human studies to enable triage for tailored neuroprotection in NE.Early stratification of infants with neonatal encephalopathy is key to provide tailored neuroprotection.IL1A, CXCL8, IL10, CCL2 and NSE mRNA are promising biomarkers of inflammation-sensitized hypoxia.IL10 mRNA levels differentiated all three pathological states; fold changes from baseline was the highest in LPS+Hypoxia animals, followed by LPS and Hypoxia at 6h.miR-23, -27, -31-5p and -193-5p were significantly upregulated within 6h of a hypoxia insult.Functional analysis highlighted the diverse roles of miRNA in the cellular processes.
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| 11. |
- Martinello, K. A., et al.
(author)
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Acute LPS sensitization and continuous infusion exacerbates hypoxic brain injury in a piglet model of neonatal encephalopathy
- 2019
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Co-existing infection/inflammation and birth asphyxia potentiate the risk of developing neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and adverse outcome. In a newborn piglet model we assessed the effect of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion started 4 h prior to and continued for 48 h after hypoxia on brain cell death and systemic haematological changes compared to LPS and hypoxia alone. LPS sensitized hypoxia resulted in an increase in mortality and in brain cell death (TUNEL positive cells) throughout the whole brain, and in the internal capsule, periventricular white matter and sensorimotor cortex. LPS alone did not increase brain cell death at 48 h, despite evidence of neuroinflammation, including the greatest increases in microglial proliferation, reactive astrocytosis and cleavage of caspase-3. LPS exposure caused splenic hypertrophy and platelet count suppression. The combination of LPS and hypoxia resulted in the highest and most sustained systemic white cell count increase. These findings highlight the significant contribution of acute inflammation sensitization prior to an asphyxial insult on NE illness severity.
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