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- Dehnavi, Gholamali Z., et al.
(author)
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Fractionation of the main components of barley spent grains from a microbrewery
- 2011
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In: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 45:5-6, s. 339-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chemical composition of barley spent grains generated in a microbrewery and their fractionation by acid hydrolysis and delignification were investigated. The material contained high amount of carbohydrates (60%), while its lignin content was lower than that reported for other sorts of barley spent grains. Different dilute-acid hydrolysis methods were evaluated for separating the main components of the spent grains, without affecting the sugars generated by starch hydrolysis. The utilization of a two-step dilute-acid hydrolysis approach allowed to hydrolyse starch in a first step, at 100 ºC, and hemicelluloses in a second step, at 121 ºC. Acetosolv and alkaline delignification were used for solubilising the lignin fraction. A higher lignin solubilisation (95% of the lignin contained in the raw material) was achieved after alkaline delignification, whereas only 34% of the initial lignin was removed by direct acetosolv. When the acetosolv treatment was combined with acid hydrolysis, lignin solubilisation increased to 74%. Lignin was precipitated from the liquors at recovery rates from 40 to 93%, as depending on the hydrolysis/delignification method used.
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| 3. |
- Soudham, Venkata Prabhakar, et al.
(author)
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Acetosolv delignifi cation of marabou (Dichrostachys cinerea) wood with and without acid prehydrolysis
- 2011
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In: Forestry Studies in China. - : Beijing Linye Daxue, Beijing Forestry University. - 1008-1321 .- 1993-0372. ; 13:1, s. 64-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chemical composition of marabou (Dichrostachys cinerea) wood and its treatment with acetic acid were investigated. Two different treatment approaches, direct acetosolv and combined acid prehydrolysis/acetosolv, were evaluated. The effects of acetic acid concentration (50%, 70% and 90%) and temperature (normal boiling temperature and 121°C) on yield of solids, solubilization of lignin and hemicelluloses and recovery of cellulose were evaluated for both treatments. High solubilization of marabou components was observed in the direct acetosolv treatment at 121°C, especially at the highest acetic acid concentration, where around 84.8% of lignin and 78% of hemicelluloses were removed. When the material was subjected to acid prehydrolysis prior to acetosolv treatment, lignin solubilization was improved, especially at low acetic acid concentrations. Above 80% of the solubilized lignin was recovered from the liquors in the direct acetosolv treatment, but the recovery was lower in the combined treatment. Cellulose was well preserved in all the treatment schemes.
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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