| 1. |
- Ali, Liaqat, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of nutrition strategy on the levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in blackberries
- 2012
-
In: European Food Research and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1438-2377 .- 1438-2385. ; 234:1, s. 33-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of nutrition strategy on levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in fruit and leaves of blackberries were studied in greenhouse-grown blackberry plants fertilised with combinations of two levels (low, high) of nitrogen (60 and 100 kg ha -1, respectively) and potassium (66.4 and 104 kg ha -1, respectively). Plant concentrations of organic phytochemicals were quantitatively analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. High amounts of both fertilisers produced high amounts of all nutrients and bioactive compounds analysed in fruit except total acidity and ellagic acid. There were major differences in compounds affecting taste in fruit, e. g., sugars (fructose and glucose), total soluble solids and pH, and also in anthocyanin content. The concentrations of secondary metabolites, vitamin C and ellagic acid in fruit also varied significantly between treatments, although the differences were smaller. Storage of blackberries showed variable effects in the different levels of compounds, and the changes found were small. Nutrient regime did not affect blackberry leaves to the same extent, and only minor changes were found. The findings show that by optimising plant nutrition, phytonutrient levels can be maximised and maintained in fresh and stored berry crops, especially those grown in greenhouses, where conditions can easily be regulated.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
Framtagning av loktågsmodell för VTI:s tågsimulator
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Genom höjda hastigheter för godståg finns möjligheter till en högre prioritering av trafikslaget hos tågtrafikledningen, vilket i sig är en kapacitetsvinst och bör ge upphov till bättre flöden och högre kapacitet på det svenska järnvägsnätet (framför allt på stambanorna). Simulatorer är ett effektivt och säkert sätt att undersöka effekter av förändringar på både förarbeteende och kapacitet.Syftet med det här projektet var att skapa kapacitetshöjande möjligheter och åtgärder genom att ta fram en loktågssimulator och undersöka möjliga användningsområden för denna. Målet med projektet var att få fram en loktågssimulator, bestående av ett lok och ett antal vagnar, som kan användas i studier för att öka kapaciteten genom till exempel optimerad hastighet, och därmed förändrade bromsprofiler, för loktåg. Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, en loktågssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet.Projektet genomfördes i tre successiva etapper. I den första etappen genomfördes en förstudie med lokförare, operatörer och problemägare, som gav forskarna en förståelse för förarmiljön. Här samlades även in en del av det underlag som krävdes för utveckling av loktågsimulatorn. I den andra etappen utvecklades en simulator för loktåg (mjukvara och hårdvara). Etapp tre var en valideringsstudie tillsammans med lokförare.Ett förarbord av modellen Traxx köptes in från en tysk tillverkare. Fordonsmodellen utvecklades från en enstaka enhet, Reginamodell (motorvagnståg), till en kombination av flera enheter. Loktåget i simulatorn består av ett eller flera draglok samt ett antal vagnar med en total längd på maximalt 750 meter. Som draglok används ett lok av modellen Traxx. För varje enhet, lok och vagn, krävs data över enheten: längd, vikt, last, broms-, rull- och luftmotstånd. För lok tillkommer dessutom information om ljud, drivning, broms (återmatande elbroms samt konventionell pneumatisk broms (P-broms)), hyttutrustning med mera. För närvarande finns bansträckningen mellan Falköping–Jönköping–Forserum färdigmodellerad och kommer användas för loktågskörning med ATC. Modellen är konfigurerbar utifrån ett lok (Traxx) och i nuläget fyra olika vagnar. Dessa kan kopplas samman i olika kombinationer.Några användningsområden som diskuterades redan vid projektstart var dels de som naturligt kan kopplas till följder av längre och tyngre tåg, dels de idéer som uppkom som följd av den utrustning som köptes in. Vid Trafikverkets vintermöte genomfördes en workshop där ytterligare användningsområden diskuterades. Några av dessa handlar om utbildning,energieffektiv körning eller projektering. Utbildning och vissa typer av studier går att göra med den nu existerande loktågsmodellen, medan andra kräver antingen validering av parametrar eller viss vidareutveckling av modellen.Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, denna forskningsrapport och en produkt i form av en loktågssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet. Projektet har även levererat en nationell resurs i form av simulatormjukvara. Mjukvaran har lagt grunden för en kostnadseffektiv testverksamhet inom loktågsdomänen. En loktågssimulering (simulering av loktåg) har tagits fram, vilken kommer att vara värdefull som ett demonstrationsverktyg samt för utbildning, träning och projektering.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andrén, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Öppna prioriteringar inom nya områden : logopedi, nutritionsbedömning, habilitering och arbetsterapi
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det finns fortfarande ett behov av att öka kunskapen om och stödja den praktiska tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för öppna prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Flera förslag på hur ett sådant stöd kan se ut har tagits fram de senaste åren. Spridning av goda exempel är ett sådant förslag, metodstöd ett annat (PrioriteringsCentrum 2007). En mer påtaglig form av metodstöd är den nationella modell som vuxit fram för att konkretisera innebörden i riktlinjerna (Carlsson m fl 2007). Den får idag anses som välbeprövad inom ett flertal områden och har bidragit till att samsynen och kommunicerbarheten kring prioriteringar har ökat i landet. Erfarenheter visar dock att det behövs pedagogisk vägledning i hur modellen kan tillämpas. För att möta upp efterfrågan på sådant metodstöd erbjuder Prioriteringscentrum handledning i grupp. Den första handledningsgruppen är nu avslutad och det är deltagarnas prioriteringsarbeten som presenteras i denna rapport i syfte att sprida konkreta exempel på försök att tillämpa prioriteringsriktlinjerna.I rapporten presenteras fyra prioriteringsarbeten med fokus på: Regionsamverkan inom arbetsterapi Logopedi Yrkesspecifika prioriteringar på väg till teamet Från projekt till integrerat redskapExemplet med prioriteringar i regionsamverkan utgörs av det prioriteringsarbete som genomförts i det s k femklövernätverket bestående av en samverkansgrupp för arbetsterapeuter i ledningsposition på sjukhusen i Uppland, Västmanland, Södermanland, Gävleborg och Dalarna. Arbetet var ett försök att skapa gemensamma prioriteringar i regionen för ett sjukdomsområde som kändes relevant. Valet kom att falla på arbetsterapi inom reumatologi. Arbetet har sedan huvudsakligen bedrivits i en projektgrupp, bestående av en representant från varje sjukhus där arbetet växlat mellan arbete på hemmaplan och avstämningsträffar i projektgruppen.Försöket har visat att det finns en samsyn inom regionen kring prioriteringar inom arbetsterapi och reumatologi. Säkerheten i prioriteringarna har ökat i och med att fem arbetsterapiorganisationer tillsammans bidragit med ett stort underlagsmaterial bl a genom att delge varandra sina kliniska erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna för en mer likartad vård i regionen har ökat. Arbetet har också gett upphov till frågor om i vilka situationer det är att föredra att prioriteringsarbete bedrivs lokalt, regionvis och/eller nationellt.
|
|
| 4. |
- Carstensen, Gunilla, 1964-, et al.
(author)
-
Before evening falls : Perspectives of a good old age and healthy ageing among oldest-old Swedish men
- 2019
-
In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 82, s. 35-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The late life experiences of men in the oldest-old age group have been under-researched, and their perspectives on ageing successfully neglected. This study explored the perspectives of oldest-old Swedish men on what a 'good old age' and ageing successfully meant to them. A purposive sample of 17 men, aged 85-90 years, was drawn from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. An interview guide explored participants' perspectives on their ageing experiences and how they viewed ageing successfully. Participants were interviewed twice, with 1-2 weeks between interviews, and both interviews were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis identified four themes: i) Adaptation, concerning the ability to adapt to growing old with increasing limitations; ii) Sustaining Independence, related to financial resources and good health as the foundation for independence; iii) Belongingness, representing close relationships, established friendships, and the significance of the spouse; and iv) Perspectives of Time, also a common thread in all themes, in which past life experiences create an existential link between the past, the present and the future, establishing continuity of the self and enhancing life satisfaction. The participants presented themselves as active agents involved in maintaining meaning and achieving life satisfaction; a process related to the ability to manage changes in life. Our findings have resonance with models of healthy or successful ageing, but also diverge in important ways, since such models do not consider the significance of an individual's life history for their present well-being, and primarily conceptualise health as an outcome, rather than as a resource.
|
|
| 5. |
- Danielsson, Louise, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
“Crawling Out of the Cocoon”: Patients’ Experiences of a Physical Therapy Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Major Depression.
- 2016
-
In: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 96, s. 1241-1250
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: While the effectiveness of physical exercise for depression has been studied for many years, few studies have described patients’ experiences of what exercise means to them, beyond the biological focus. Moreover, exercise as a treatment for depression is rarely explored in a physical therapy context. Objectives: The purpose was to explore a physical therapy exercise intervention, as experienced by persons suffering from major depression. Design: This study had an inductive approach and employed qualitative content analysis. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 persons who participated in physical therapist-guided aerobic exercise in a randomized controlled trial. The participants were all diagnosed with major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Data were collected and analyzed in an inductive tradition using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Four categories emerged: struggling toward a healthy self, challenging the resistance, feeling alive but not euphoric, and needing someone to be there for you. The participants experienced that although the exercise intervention was hard work, it enhanced the feeling of being alive and made them feel that they were doing something good for themselves. These feelings were a welcome contrast to the numbness and stagnation they experienced during depression. Conclusions: Exercise in a physical therapy context can improve the participants’ perception of their physical ability and create a sense of liveliness, improving their depressed state. The therapeutic relationship is essential for supporting the patient’s vulnerability and ambiguity in an empathic and perceptive way.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fredin-Knutzén, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Train drivers' work-related stress and job satisfaction
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 65:9, s. 775-782
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigated which work-related stressors are rated highest by train drivers and which are strongest correlated with consideration to change profession.Methods: In a questionnaire, a total of 251 Swedish train drivers rated 17 work-related stressors, to which extent they had considered quitting their profession, and if they had experienced a PUT (person under train) accident.Results: PUTs (when experienced) and irregular work hours are the main stressors, but the strongest predictors of consideration to change profession are those that are encountered often, and last over time (eg, irregular work hours, r = 0.61, and major organizational changes, r = 0.51).Conclusions: For effective reduction of stress and improved job satisfaction, focus should be on aspects that affect everyday life for drivers, such as better working shifts, less delays, and improved social climate.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fredin-Knutzén, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Train drivers' work-related stress and job satisfaction
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 65:9, s. 775-782
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives This study investigated which work-related stressors are rated highest by train drivers, and which are strongest correlated with consideration to change profession.Methods In a questionnaire, a total of N = 251 Swedish train drivers rated 17 work-related stressors, to which extent they had considered quitting their profession, and if they had experienced a PUT (person under train) accident.Results PUTs (when experienced) and irregular work-hours are the main stressors, but the strongest predictors of consideration to change profession are those that are encountered often, and last over time (e.g., irregular work-hours, r = .61; and major organizational changes, r = .51).Conclusions For effective reduction of stress and improved job satisfaction, focus should be on aspects that affect everyday life for drivers, such as better working shifts, less delays, and improved social climate.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Train driver attention is influenced by the type of railway signalling system
- 2022
-
In: DDI 2022 Gothenburg. - Göteborg : Safer. ; , s. 50-52
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) will replace national standards with the aim to promote cross-border traffic and enhance efficiency. The transition involves a shift from lineside signalling to mostly in- cabin information via a Driver Machine Interface (DMI). Previous research indicates that this may lead to a decrease in driver attention to the outside world and to a decrease in workload, leading to boredom. Using a train simulator, 41 participants drove the same track with the ERTMS system and the Swedish national standard (ATC) while wearing eye- tracking equipment. Subjective workload and boredom assessments were made after each drive. An analysis of the first set of reduced data (15 participants) showed that the formal attentional requirements like the monitoring of speed changes and signals were fulfilled in almost all cases, regardless of system. Overall, however, the data indicate that in line with previous research the drivers focus their attention more to the inside of the train when using the ERTMS system. This is corroborated by the finding that horn blowing is slightly delayed with the ERTMS system. Perceived workload was generally low, with the ERTMS system experienced to be more boring. We draw the preliminary conclusion that while formal attentional requirements are fulfilled for both systems, the ERTMS system likely has a tendency to pull the drivers’ overall attention inwards. Given that for the ERTMS system most relevant information is presented inside of the train on the DMI, this is not surprising, but needs to be addressed by the authorities.
|
|
| 9. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis and comparison of simulated and real train driving in an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system environment
- 2020
-
In: Proceedings of 8th Transport Research Arena TRA 2020. ; , s. 10-
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents the differences between the train traffic simulation tool RailSys and real train traffic with focus on Electrical Multiple Units (EMU) and the Swedish automatic train protection (ATP) system ATC, on a single-track line. Braking, acceleration, different types of resistance and running times have been investigated. From this study it can be concluded that the margins to unconditional ATC braking is high and that the braking differs depending on the signal target. Compared to RailSys, the measurements show significantly lower acceleration and retardation, which results in differences between measured and simulated running time.This is the first step exploring how capacity, signal systems, and driving behaviour interact and will be followed by investigations of the next generation signaling system ERTMS.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Driveability analysis of the european rail transport management system (ERTMS) : A systematic literature review
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Train drivers in Sweden had the opportunity to test the new European Rail Transport Management System (ERTMS) during the early implementation of this signaling system in 2011 and 2012. Unfortunately, they have reported many implementation problems. These ERTMS lines have been evaluated as more challenging to drive compared to the previous signaling system. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand what network planning designers typically focus on when analyzing railway driveability and how driveability can be assessed. In the overall picture the impact on driveability originates from both technological, organizational, and train driver aspects. One technological issue found during the investigation is related to the speed profile design. Frequent speed changes were identified as the primary source of negative experiences during driveability evaluations, especially on retrofitted lines. Results also indicate the need for a methodology that includes the driver earlier in the network planning test process, to avoid the costly and time-consuming analysis done after project implementation. The results highlight the importance of the speed profile design to provide good driveability. Cognitive Task Analysis, simulations, and statistical calculations to predict driver and train performance were identified as applicable methods to involve train drivers earlier in the driveability analysis process.
|
|
| 11. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-
(author)
-
Evaluation of Train Driving with Lineside ATPand ERTMS Signaling
- 2021
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- From many perspectives there is a need to understand more of how capacity, signal systems, anddriving behavior interact, and naturally since ERTMS is in its early stage, some areas are stillunexplored. The number of retrofitted ERTMS lines and new designed ERTMS lines are increasing inEurope, which implies extra focus on the capacity optimization in the network planning process.Many of these signaling projects involves going from traditional national lineside signaling to ERTMS.One of the parameters in capacity assessments that is relatively unexplored is the impact of the traindriver. One important knowledge gap to fill, is how simulation parameters should be adapted formore realistic capacity planning, based on driving behavior. ERTMS support new possibilities ofsignaling with its design of speed profiles, but what consequences does the choices have? It is animportant topic since ERTMS is a paradigm shift in train driving, and driveability has an impact onsafety, energy-consumption, and capacity. The purpose of this PhD project is adding knowledge tothis field. The work has been carried out incrementally, beginning with investigation of drivingbehavior with Swedish traditional lineside signaling (ATC), and with this new information proceedingto the area of ERTMS. The continuation of this project aims at investigating train driving behavior forERTMS with a proposed new measuring method based on the standardized ETCS radio signaling. Thisnew method offers a broad spectrum of train driving analysis for ERTMS in a new efficient way.Lastly, in the perspective of ERTMS lines have been evaluated as more challenging to drive, asystematic literature review was conducted to understand ERTMS driveability and how driveabilitycan be assessed. In the overall picture the impact on driveability originates from both technological,organizational, and train driver aspects. Analyzing the research objectives in this area aims atcontributing to a more effective and beneficial network planning process.
|
|
| 12. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Förstudie tågsimulering och ERTMS
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I förstudien inventeras FoI frågor inom området tågsimulering och ERTMS. VTI är FoI utförare och arbetet sker på uppdrag och i samverkan med Trafikverket. Det finns ett behov av ökad kunskap om ERTMS, samt metoder kopplat till ERTMS utifrån simulering, projektering och teknikutveckling. I förstudien har FoI området tågsimulering och ERTMS definierats.
|
|
| 13. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-
(author)
-
Going from Lineside to In-cab Railway Signaling : Driveability Issues and Solutions
- 2022
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- From many perspectives there is a need to understand more of how capacity, signal systems, anddriving behavior interact, and naturally since ERTMS is in its early stage, some areas are stillunexplored. The number of retrofitted ERTMS lines and new designed ERTMS lines are increasing inEurope, which implies extra focus on the capacity optimization in the network planning process.Many of these signaling projects involves going from traditional national lineside signaling to ERTMS.One of the parameters in capacity assessments that is relatively unexplored is the impact of the traindriver. One important knowledge gap to fill is how simulation parameters should be adapted formore realistic capacity planning, based on driving behavior. ERTMS support new possibilities ofsignaling with its design of line speed profiles, but what consequences does the choices lead to? It isan important topic since ERTMS is a paradigm shift in train driving, and driveability has an impact onsafety, energy consumption, and capacity. The purpose of this PhD project is adding knowledge tothis field. The work has been carried out incrementally, beginning with investigation of drivingbehavior with Swedish traditional lineside signaling (ATC), and with this new information proceedingto the area of ERTMS. In the next step, train driving behavior was investigated for ERTMS with a newmeasuring method based on the standardized ETCS radio signaling. ERTMS lines have been evaluatedas more challenging to drive, and a systematic literature review was conducted to understand ERTMSdriveability and how driveability can be assessed. In the overall picture the impact on driveabilityoriginates from both technological, organizational, and train driver aspects. Analyzing the researchobjectives in this area aims at contributing to a more effective and beneficial network planningprocess. Lastly, one of the proposed methods to achieve increased driveability, speed-filtering, wasexamined and revealed good effects on driver workload, capacity, and energy consumption. Usingtraditional train traffic measurement methods based on train onboard equipment are associatedwith legal challenges and time-consuming post-processing, and the new proposed ERTMS remotemethod initiates a new efficient framework for this research purpose. From a method perspective,the train driver simulator enables comprehensive driver behavior studies, where safety regulationsnormally constrain real train setups.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Impact on driver behavior from ERTMS speed-filtering
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the signal planning process, the ERTMS speed profiles based on track nature needs to be complemented with additional constraints. The base profile resolving the allowed track speed, often includes several speed changes which can be difficult for the train driver to follow. One approach to deal with this problem is to filter the base profile, reducing the number of changes and giving the driver more time for attention.This paper presents the effects of a speed profile filtering principle, based on possible time usage during a speed increase, on train energy consumption, train driver braking behavior, running time, and driver workload. In an Electrical Multiple Unit train driver simulator, 40 drivers tested three different speed profiles of a 19 km railway line. It can be concluded that differences in running time are small, that these small time-gains implies a high energy consumption cost, and that drivers tend to drive close to the indication braking curve in the beginning of the braking phase. Further, the drivers rated the driver task workload low for all filter conditions. Accordingly, a certain filter level is required to get capacity and energy effects.
|
|
| 16. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Radio Communication-Based Method for Analysis of Train Driving in an ERTMS Signaling Environment.
- 2022
-
In: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: ERTMS is an important project improving cross-border interoperability throughout Europe by a singlerail signaling standard. One advantage following this development is a standardized radio signaling, which can betracked by logging the data transfer using the ETCS protocol between Radio Block Center and train. This means that abroad spectrum of train driving can be analyzed in terms of for example driving behavior, signal planning and capacityin a new efficient way.Methods: In this paper a radio-based protocol method to achieve this, is presented and applied for studying brakingcharacteristics in terms of meeting point design. The aim was to design, apply and validate a radio-based train datacollection method to enable cost-efficient and avoid time-consuming train data collections. To enable comparisonbetween the results from the suggested radio-based method and traditional methods, a verification measurementwas performed. Three different alternatives of speed calculation were validated. These were based on: Train PositionReport speed; calculation of average speed based on reported train position; processed reported train position formingthe average speed. The best alternative was then applied to examine deceleration towards different signal targetsat single-track meeting points.Results: The results from this study suggest that the ETCS Level 2 protocol is a feasible way to collect train dynamicsdata. The method is time saving when it comes to train driver behavior studies where several trains and drivers areneeded to get significant results. Comparison with traditional GPS method suggest that the method is valid. Mostpromising is the alternative using processed train position.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Simulated and real train driving in a lineside automatic train protection (ATP) system environment
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the differences between the train traffic simulation tool RailSys and real train traffic with focus on Electrical Multiple Units (EMU) and the Swedish automatic train protection (ATP) system ATC, on a single-track line. Braking, acceleration, different types of resistance and running times have been investigated. From this study it can be concluded that the margins to unconditional ATC braking is high with this specific ATC implementation and parameters, and that the braking differs depending on the signal target. Compared to RailSys with parameters settings according to Swedish Transport Administration recommendations, the measurements show significantly lower acceleration and deceleration, which results in differences between measured and simulated running time.
|
|
| 19. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Kapacitet, körbarhet och arbetsbelastning (KAKA) : Slutrapport
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att öka kunskapen om sambandet mellan kapacitet, körbarhet och arbetsbelastning. Ett ”körbarhetsfilter” har implementerats för ERTMS, för att ge ökad kunskap om vad föraren tycker är en acceptabel hastighetsprofil, hur ofta förändringar i hastighet får ske osv. En jämförelse har också gjorts mellan ERTMS och ATC när det gäller arbetsbelastning och uppmärksamhetskrav. Arbete med att anpassa MiRA-teorin för tillämpning på järnvägssituationenhar genomförts.
|
|
| 20. |
- Wikland, Kerstin Albertsson, et al.
(author)
-
Validated multivariate models predicting the growth response to GH treatment in individual short children with a broad range in GH secretion capacities.
- 2000
-
In: Pediatric Research. - : International Pediatrics Research Foundation, Inc. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 48:4, s. 475-484
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to develop and validate models that could predict the growth responses to GH therapy of individual children. Models for prediction of the initial one and 2-y growth response were constructed from a cohort of 269 prepubertal children (Model group) with isolated GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature, using a nonlinear multivariate data fitting technique. Five sets of clinical information were used. The "Basic model" was created using auxological data from the year before the start of GH treatment and parental heights. In addition to Basic model data, the other four models included growth data from the first 2 y of life, or IGF-I, or GH secretion estimated during a provocation test (AITT) or a spontaneous GH secretion profile. The performance of the models was validated by calculating the differences between predicted and observed growth responses in 149 new GH treated children (Validation group) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria used in the original cohort. The SD of these differences (SD(res)) in the validation group was compared with the SD(res) for the model group. For the 1st y, the SD(res) for the Basic model was 0.28 SDscores. The lowest SD(res) (0.19 SDscores), giving the most narrow prediction interval, was achieved adding the 24h GH profile and data on growth from the first 2 y of life to the Basic model. The models presented permit estimation of GH responsiveness in children over a broad range in GH secretion, and with an accuracy of the models substantially better than when using maximal GH response during an provocation test. The predicted individual growth response, calculated using a computer program, can serve as a guide for evidence-based decisions when selecting children to GH treatment.
|
|
