| 1. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(author)
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Örat
- 2001. - 2
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In: Öron, näs- och halssjukdomar, huvud- och halskirurgi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9147048956 ; , s. 9-103
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Bagger-Sjöbäck, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Örat
- 2006. - 3
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In: Öron, näs- och halssjukdomar, huvud- och halskirurgi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9147053100 ; , s. 9-97
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Klas, et al.
(author)
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Future risk for disability pension among people with sickness absence due to otoaudiological diagnoses: a population-based cohort study with a 12-year follow-up
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:5, s. 501-507
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hearing difficulties is a growing public health problem and more knowledge of consequences of those difficulties in working life is warranted. Aims: To study the future risk of being granted a disability pension (DP) among people with sickness absence with an otoaudiological diagnoses (OAD) compared to other sickness absentees. Methods: A population-based prospective cohort study of all 40,786 people in a Swedish county who in 1985 were aged 16-64 and had a new sick-leave spell greater than 7 days. Those were followed for 12 years with regard to DP. Hazard ratios (HR) + 95% confidence intervals (CI) of being granted DP was calculated among those with sick leave due to OAD compared to people with sickness absence with other diagnoses. Results: In 1985, 515 people had a new sick-leave spell with an OAD. Twelve years later, 36% of those had been granted DP, compared to 24% of all other sickness absentees. Their HR for DP was 1.42 (95% CI 1.23-1.64) adjusting for gender and age. Compared to men, women with an OAD had a HR of DP of 1.24 (95% CI 0.90-1.71), when adjusted for age. The HR for DP regarding those aged greater than 45 years and sickness absent with OAD was 2.63 (95% CI 1.95-3.55) compared to the sickness absentees with OAD below 45 years of age, adjusted for gender. Conclusions: The risk for future DP was more than 40% higher among those initially on sickness absence due to OAD than among other sickness absentees.
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| 5. |
- Göthberg, Hanna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Cross-sectional assessment of hearing acuity of an unscreened 85-year-old cohort - Including a 10-year longitudinal study of a sub-sample.
- 2019
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In: Hearing research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5891 .- 0378-5955. ; 382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the proportion of older people increases, it is important to investigate hearing acuity in older individuals and to calculate hearing decline for older ages, using standardised test protocols. The main aim of this study was to determine pure-tone hearing thresholds in an unscreened birth cohort of 85-year-olds born in 1930, living in an industrial Swedish city. A further aim was to describe hearing decline in men and women from 75 to 85 years of age with the aid of longitudinal data. The study was part of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. Hearing thresholds (0.25-8kHz) were measured using automated pure-tone audiometry for 286 85-year-old participants. A subsample (n=182) was hearing examined at 75 years of age and studied longitudinally from 75 to 85 years. At age 85 years, men had better hearing at low frequencies but poorer hearing at high frequencies than women. The longitudinal study showed a considerable decline between 75 and 85yearsat mid-high frequencies (>1kHz) and the amount of decline was similar between sexes. The results contribute to the estimation of the future need for hearing health services.
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| 6. |
- Göthberg, Hanna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Is poor speech recognition in 85-year-olds related to auditory neuropathy?
- 2022
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In: HEAL 2022, Lake Como, Italy.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Understanding the mechanisms causing age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is essential for planning audiological health care services. Speech audiometry, especially in noisy condition and physiological measures, such as auditory brainstem responses are useful diagnostic tests to distinguish between cochlear and auditory neural dysfunction. Purpose: The aim of the study was to study if there are signs of involvement of the cochlear nerve in 85-year-old men and women. Conclusion: The cochlear sub-type of auditory dysfunction (sensory ARHL) was most common in 85-year olds. Poor speech recognition in noise was common but only occasionally associated with abnormal auditory brainstem responses, i.e., neural ARHL in 85-year-olds.
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| 7. |
- Göthberg, Hanna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Hearing Loss Among 85-Year-Olds
- 2023
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In: American journal of audiology. - 1059-0889. ; 32:2, s. 440-452
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of conductive/mixed and sensorineural hearing loss, with an attempt to differentiate between sensory and neural components in 85-year-olds. Method: A comprehensive auditory test protocol, including pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), was used to identify different types of hearing loss in 85-year-olds. This study comprised a subsample (n = 125) selected from an unscreened cohort of 85-year-olds born in 1930, within the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. Results: Test results were reported descriptively. Sensorineural hearing loss was present in one or both ears in almost all participants (98%), and the majority had absent DPOAEs. Only approximately 6% had additional conductive hearing loss, that is, mixed hearing loss. Approximately 20% of the participants with a pure-tone average at 0.5-4 kHz < 60 dB HL had worse word recognition scores compared with predicted scores by the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), whereas only two participants were classified with neural dysfunction with the use of ABR. Conclusions: Sensorineural hearing loss, likely related to outer hair cell loss, was present in the vast majority of 85-year-olds. Conductive/mixed hearing loss appears to be relatively rare in advanced age. Poor word recognition scores in relation to SII-predicted scores were relatively common (20%) in 85-year-olds, whereas auditory neuropathy was only rarely identified (1.6%) by the use of ABR latencies. To explain abnormal word recognition and to identify the neural component of hearing loss among the older-old population, future research should consider factors such as listening effort and cognition among the olderold population.
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| 8. |
- Göthberg, Hanna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence and degree of hearing loss in 85-year-olds: a birth cohort study with a longitudinal design
- 2018
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In: Oral presentation World Conference of audiology Cape town.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: As the proportion of older people increase, there is a need to investigate the prevalence of age related hearing loss, using standardized protocols and classification methods. Aims: To determine hearing thresholds in an unscreened birth cohort of 85 year olds (born in 1930) in an urban city and to identify differences in pure-tone hearing acuity between two birth cohorts, 30 years apart. Results from longitudinal data between 75-85 years of age, is also presented in this study. Methods: This study is part of The Gothenburg H70 Cohorts Studies (H70), a large gereontological and epidemiological study with a cross-sectional population-based design. Hearing thresholds (0.25-8 KHz), were measured, using automated pure-tone audiometry, in men and women respectively (n=286). Additionally, a subsample (n=182) was studied longitudinally from the age of 75-85 with pure-tone audiometry. An hearing investigation was also done in an earlier cohort of 85 year olds, born in 1901-02, (n=249). Results: Based on WHO´s criteria the hearing loss prevalence was 86% for men and 81% for women. An improvement (p<0.01) was found in hearing loss prevalence, hearing thresholds and pure-tone average (PTA 4) in men born 1930 compared with men born 1901-02. There were no significant differences in prevalence or PTA 4 between women born in 1901-02 and 1930. The longitudinal study showed a significant hearing deterioration between the age of 75-85 years with similar annual decline for men and women, both regarding rate and frequency pattern. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss is high at the age of 85 (>80%). The hearing acuity for pure tones has improved significantly among men over three decades but not in women in Sweden. The hearing acuity between men and women has become more alike compared to the earlier birth cohort. Similar annual decline was seen in men and women between the age of 75-85. Despite the improved hearing in men, the future need of aural rehabilitation is expected to increase due to demographic changes. Further research is required to elucidate contributing factors for improved hearing among Swedish 85-year-old men.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Göthberg, Hanna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of hearing loss and need for aural rehabilitation in 85-year-olds: a birth cohort comparison, almost three decades apart
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 60:7, s. 539-548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Many individuals >80 years have difficulties with speech communication due to age-related hearing loss and would benefit from aural rehabilitation. As the proportion of older people increases, there is a need to investigate the prevalence of "disabling hearing loss" to calculate future rehabilitation need. The aims are to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in an unscreened birth cohort of 85-year olds, and to identify differences in audiometric results between two birth cohorts, born 28-29 years apart. Design: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study that is part of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies. Study sample: Hearing thresholds were measured and compared between 85-year olds born in 1930 (n = 286) and 1901-1902 (n = 249). Results: Based on the WHO criteria, the prevalence of "disabling hearing loss" was 45% for men and 43% for women in the latest birth cohort. Hearing thresholds (0.5-4 kHz) for men improved compared with the earlier birth cohort. No such difference was observed for women. Conclusion: The prevalence of age-related hearing loss over three decades has decreased among 85-year-old men, but has been retained in women. The improvement for men occurred predominantly in the low-mid frequencies. An increased need for aural rehabilitation is expected due to demographic changes.
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| 11. |
- Hoff, Maria, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Accuracy of automated pure-tone audiometry in population-based samples of older adults
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Audiology. - 1499-2027.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveAutomated pure-tone audiometry is frequently used in teleaudiology and hearing screening. Given the high prevalence of age-related hearing loss, older adults are an important target population. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of automated audiometry in older adults, and to examine the influence of test frequency, age, sex, hearing and cognitive status.Design and study sampleIn a population-based study, two age-homogeneous samples of 70-year-olds (n = 238) and 85-year-olds (n = 114) were tested with automated audiometry in an office using circum-aural headphones and, around 4 weeks later, with manual audiometry conducted to clinical standards. The differences were analysed for individual frequencies (range: 0.25-8 kHz) and pure-tone averages.ResultsThe mean difference varied across test frequencies and age groups, the overall figure being -0.7 dB (SD = 8.8, p < 0.001), and 68% to 94% of automated thresholds corresponded within +/- 10 dB of manual thresholds. The poorest accuracy was found at 8 kHz. Age, sex, hearing and cognitive status were not associated with the accuracy (ordinal regression analysis).ConclusionsAutomated audiometry seems to produce accurate assessments of hearing sensitivity in the majority of older adults, but with larger error margins than in younger populations, and is not affected by relevant patient factors associated with old age.
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| 12. |
- Hoff, Maria, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Auditory function and prevalence of specific ear and hearing related pathologies in the general population at age 70.
- 2020
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In: International journal of audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1708-8186 .- 1499-2027. ; 59:9, s. 682-693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To describe the auditory function in early old age in detail based on both psychoacoustic and physiological measures, and to investigate the prevalence of specific audiological and otological pathologies.Design: An unscreened subsample from a population-based geriatric investigation was examined with otoscopy; tympanometry; pure-tone audiometry; word-recognition-in-noise test; distortion-product otoacoustic emissions; and auditory-evoked brainstem responses. Audiometric subtypes and diagnoses were established based on set criteria. The association between word scores and ABR was examined with linear regression analysis.Study Sample: 251 persons aged 70 (113 men, 138 women, born in 1944) that were representative of the inhabitants of the city of Gothenburg.Results: The prevalence of conductive pathology was 2% versus 49% for cochlear and 2% for auditory-neural pathology. Four percent had indeterminate type. Cochlear dysfunction was present in the majority of ears and around 20% performed worse-than-expected on speech testing. Poor performance on the speech in noise test was associated with prolonged interpeak latency interval of ABR waves I-V.Conclusion: Specific otological and audiological pathologies, other than cochlear hearing loss, are rare in the general population at age 70. Additionally, there is subtle evidence of age-related decline of the auditory nerve. Longitudinal follow-up would be of great interest.
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| 13. |
- Hoff, Maria, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Hearing loss and cognitive function in early old age: comparing subjective and objective hearing measures.
- 2023
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In: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0003 .- 0304-324X. ; 69:6, s. 694-705
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population-based research has consistently shown that people with hearing loss are at greater risk of cognitive impairment. We aimed to explore the cross-sectional association of both subjective and objective hearing measures with global and domain-specific cognitive function. We also examined the influence of hearing aid use on the relationship.A population-based sample (n=1105, 52% women) of 70-year-olds that were representative of the inhabitants of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden completed a detailed cognitive examination, pure-tone audiometry and a questionnaire regarding perceived hearing problems. A subsample (n=247, 52% women) also completed a test of speech-recognition-in-noise (SPRIN). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of hearing with cognitive function adjusting for sex, education, cardiovascular factors, and tinnitus.Global cognitive function was independently associated with the better ear pure-tone average across 0.5-4 kHz (PTA4, β=-0.13, 95% CI, -0.18, -0.07), the better ear SPRIN score (β=0.30, 95% CI, 0.19, 0.40), but not with the self-reported hearing measure (β=-0.02, 95% CI, -0.07, 0.03). Both verbally loaded and non-verbally loaded tasks, testing a variety of cognitive domains, contributed to the association. Hearing aid users had better global cognitive function than non-users with equivalent hearing ability. The difference was only significant in the mild hearing loss category.In a population-based sample of 70-year-old persons without dementia, poorer hearing was associated with poorer global and domain-specific cognitive function, but only when hearing function was measured objectively and not when self-reported. The speech-in-noise measure showed the strongest association. This highlights the importance of including standardized hearing tests and controlling for hearing status in epidemiological geriatric research. More research is needed on the role that hearing aid use plays in relation to age-related cognitive declines.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hoff, Maria, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Improved hearing in Swedish 70-year olds—a cohort comparison over more than four decades (1971–2014)
- 2018
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In: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 47:3, s. 437-444
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective the world population is ageing rapidly. In light of these demographic changes, it is of interest to generate current data regarding the prevalence and characteristics of age-related hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate hearing acuity and the prevalence of hearing loss in a contemporary age-homogenous cohort of old adults, and to assess secular trends in hearing function during the last half-century (1971–2014). Methods we performed a prospective population-based cohort comparison study of unscreened populations. As part of a geriatric population-based study (H70), a new cohort of 70-year olds (n = 1,135) born in 1944 was tested with computerised automated pure-tone audiometry. The hearing thresholds were compared to three earlier born cohorts of 70-year olds, born in 1901–02 (n = 376), 1906–07 (n = 297) and 1922 (n = 226), respectively. Results significant improvements in median pure-tone thresholds were seen at several frequencies in both men (range: 5–20 dB, P < 0.01) and women (range: 5–10 dB, P < 0.01). When investigating the effect of birth cohort on hearing in a linear regression, significant trends were found. Men’s hearing improved more than women’s. The prevalence of hearing loss declined in the study period (1971–2014) from 53 to 28% for men and 37 to 23% for women (P < 0.01). Conclusions these results indicate that the hearing acuity in Swedish 70-year olds has improved significantly over more than four decades. The largest improvements were seen at 4–6 kHz in men, possibly reflecting a decrease in occupational noise exposure. Further studies are required to pinpoint the reasons for improved hearing-health among older people.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Idrizbegovic, Esma, et al.
(author)
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Central auditory function in early Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment.
- 2011
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In: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 40:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to investigate auditory function in subjects with early Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and with subjective memory complaints, in search of signs of central auditory processing dysfunction even in early stages of cognitive impairment.DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: a consecutive group of men and women, referred to the Memory Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, was approached for inclusion in this prospective study. One hundred and thirty-six subjects, mean age 64 years (range 50-78 years), diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (n = 43), mild cognitive impairment (n = 59) or with subjective memory complaints (n = 34), were included.METHODS: auditory function was assessed with pure tone audiometry, speech perception in quiet and in background noise and dichotic digits tests with two or three digits.RESULTS: pure tone audiometry and speech perception scores in quiet and in background noise were normal for age and without between-group differences. Dichotic digits tests showed strongly significant differences between the three groups, where the Alzheimer's disease group performed significantly poorer than the other two groups, with the mild cognitive impairment group in an intermediate position.CONCLUSIONS: our results demonstrate that central auditory processing dysfunction is highly evident in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, and to a considerable extent even in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
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| 18. |
- Jönsson, Radoslava, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Auditory function in 70- and 75-year-olds of four age cohorts. A cross-sectional and time-lag study of presbyacusis.
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397. ; 27:2, s. 81-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the framework of the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden, 473 elderly persons were examined using pure-tone audiometry in two recent cohorts. The aim of this study was to present cross-sectionally acquired hearing data in these contemporary groups aged 70 and 75. Another objective was to compare hearing function at the same age over the last two decades (time-lag study) in three 70-year-old cohorts and three 75-year-old cohorts. The largest time-lags were 14 years (75-year-olds) and 21 years (70-year-olds). The most recently tested cohort of 70-year-olds, studied in 1992, demonstrated median pure-tone averages (PTA: 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) of 20.2 dB HL in the left ear of men and 18.2 dB HL in women. The left median pure-tone thresholds at 4 kHz were 56.0 dB HL in men and 34.7 dB HL in women. Hearing acuity in 70-year-olds was not demonstrated to have changed in any consistent fashion over a 21-year time-lag. For the most recently evaluated 75-year-olds, the median PTA in the left ear was 27.3 dB HL in men and 21.6 dB in women. The left median 4 kHz threshold was 67.3 in the male group and 45.5 dB HL in the female group. Hearing in 75-year-olds over a time-lag of 14 years demonstrated somewhat better pure-tone thresholds predominantly in the men's better ear in the earliest cohort when compared to the cohort tested in 1990-91. However, there were no consistent differences of pure-tone thresholds between these age cohorts, except for the intermediate cohort 2, in which the men had generally worse hearing. Thus, there was no apparent evidence of changes of the auditory function in elderly of the same age over the last two decades. Gender-specific dissimilarities in annual pure-tone threshold deterioration between the ages of 70 and 75 were found and are discussed.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jönsson, Radoslava, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Hearing in advanced age. A study of presbyacusis in 85-, 88- and 90-year-old people.
- 1998
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In: Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-6091. ; 37:4, s. 207-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hearing in elderly people was investigated in an epidemiological longitudinal study (H70) encompassing a cohort representative of an urban Swedish population born in 1901-02. The participants in the study were followed audiometrically over a 20-year period from 70 to 90 years of age. This study focused on hearing and its decline during the later time span in which the participants were tested at the age of 85, 88 and 90 years. The results revealed that hearing loss in advanced age progressed only slightly in both men and women. The annual hearing threshold decline was about twice as large in the eighth decade of life as compared with the ninth. Hearing function was similar in the respondents tested at the out-patient clinic and in those tested at home. There were no consistent indications that survivors to a great age showed better hearing at entry to the study at 70 years of age. Some gender differences were found and are discussed.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Jönsson, Radoslava, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of dizziness and vertigo in an urban elderly population.
- 2004
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In: Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation. - 0957-4271. ; 14:1, s. 47-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of balance symptoms (vertigo, dizziness, and dysequilibrium) was investigated in an epidemiological study of elderly people, the longitudinal and cross-sectional gerontological and geriatric population study from Göteborg, Sweden (H70). Three different age cohorts were studied, one at age 70, one at age 75 and one at ages 79, 82, 85, 88 and 90 years. Altogether 2011 participants answered the questionnaire at 3197 occasions. The overall prevalence of balance problems at age 70 was 36% (women) and 29% (men). Balance symptoms were more common among women than men, and increased with increasing age. At ages 88-90 years the corresponding values were 51-45%. The most common symptom was poor balance/general unsteadiness (11-41%). Rotatory symptoms occurred in 2-17%. Other types of symptoms were less common. Precipitating factors were rising from supine to sitting position in 17-40%. Balance symptoms in a side position were uncommon, but occurred more often when tilting the head backwards (up to 14%). Signs that possibly could indicate neurological involvement were uncommon. Falls in conjuncture to dizziness, vertigo and similar symptoms occurred in 7-15%, in about equal proportions indoors as outdoors.
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| 23. |
- Muhr, P., et al.
(author)
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Noise exposure and hearing impairment in air force pilots
- 2019
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In: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. - 2375-6314 .- 2375-6322. ; 90:9, s. 757-763
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate noise exposure and hearing impairments in Swedish military pilots. It also aimed to analyze possible relations between noise exposure and hearing impairments. Methods: The study group was an open cohort of 337 male pilots. They were longitudinally followed with pure tone audiograms every fifth year from the beginning of flight service until discharge. Outcome measures were prevalence of thresholds > 20 dB HL and >40 dB HL at different ages, and incidence of impairments >20 dB HL, 30 dB HL, and 40 dB HL. Exposure variables were individual flight data and noise dose measurements. The ISO 1999 Database A was used for reference data. Results: At 50 yr of age, 41% of the pilots were exposed to an equivalent noise dose exceeding the EU action level of Leq 80 dB(A). We observed significant elevated prevalence values of thresholds >20 dB HL in all age classes compared to the ISO 1999 Database A. These elevations were most pronounced at ages 30 and 40 yr and at 4 and 6 kHz in the left ear. Significantly elevated prevalence values of thresholds >40 dB HL compared to the ISO 1999 Database A were observed at age 40 and 50 yr at 4 and 6 kHz. In a Cox analysis we observed elevated hazard ratios of deteriorating thresholds with longer flight time/year in fast jet pilots. Discussion: Military pilots had elevated prevalence values of hearing impairment. Of the subjects, 41% had been exposed to noise exceeding the EU risk limit. Increased flight time/year and flying fast jets were associated with elevated risk of hearing deterioration. © 2019 Aerospace Medical Association.
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| 24. |
- Mäki-Torkko, Elina, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Hearing impairment among adults : extent of the problem and scientific evidence on the outcome of hearing aid rehabilitation
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0107-8593 .- 0105-0397. ; 30:54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scientific surveys on current and estimated prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) in adult populations (> or = 18 years of age) in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and scientific reports on the outcome of hearing aid (HA) rehabilitation worldwide were reviewed. Only a few of the studies meet strict scientific criteria, and many locally clinically relevant studies cannot be generalized to larger populations. Population-based studies indicate an increase in prevalence of HI with age, but because of differences in study populations and available national population statistics, the studies do not allow reliable comparisons between countries or estimation of future prevalence of HI. Studies on HA prescription or outcomes do not provide uniform data in favour of non-linear amplification, but they do show some subject preference for the newer technology. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the degree of HI and the effects of amplification. The literature review alone gives only limited information regarding the extent of the problem of HI in adult populations in the target countries. Similarly, only a few studies on HA outcome meet strict scientific criteria and even fewer studies correlate rehabilitation outcome with the degree of HI, disability or handicap.
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| 25. |
- Nosrati-Zarenoe, Ramesh
(author)
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Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss : Corticosteroid Treatment, the Diagnostic Protocol and Outcome
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSNHL) is a rapid loss of hearing caused by damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve. Spontaneous recovery has been seen in 32%–81%. The incidence of the ISSNHL has been estimated to be between 5 and 20 per 100,000 per year. Different theories (vascular catastrophes, immunologic damage, infections or intracochlear membrane break) about the etiology have resulted in different treatment policies. The effect of therapy is difficult to evaluate for a single physician who sees just a few patients annually.The aim of the present thesis was: 1) to investigate the current management and treatment of ISSNHL patients in Sweden with regard to outcome, 2) to evaluate whether, in comparison to placebo, the most common drug given in the treatment of ISSNHL in any way influences the outcome, and 3) to analyze which variables such as background data, concomitant disease, audiogram shape and laboratory tests, best can predict the outcome of ISSNHL.A national database was developed with half of all ENT clinics in Sweden participating by submitting a questionnaire for each patient with SSNHL (I-II). The questionnaire covered the patient’s background, current disorder, past and family history of different diseases, examinations, and treatment. Audiograms at the onset of SSNHL and after three months were requested.A randomized placebo controlled multicenter trial (RCT) was performed (III) using a modified version of the questionnaire used in the national database. Prednisolone in high tapering dosage, or placebo was given with a total treatment period of eight days. If recovery was complete, treatment stopped, otherwise medication was continued at 10 mg daily to a total of 30 days from beginning. After an initial pure tone audiogram, new audiograms were taken at three follow-up visits: day eight of treatment, after one month, and after three months.Meta-analysis (IV) was used in order to strengthen the analysis from the RCT by increasing the material with corresponding data drawn from the Swedish national database for ISSNHL.Results from the national database showed that out of 400 patients included in the study with ISSNHL, almost 60% were medically treated, of which nearly 90% were given corticosteroids. Hearing improvement was not statistically associated with receipt of medication. 40% of all patients had an MRI or CT, where 3–4% had acoustic neuroma. 24% of the patients with ISSNHL who had hematological tests taken, had one or more pathological findings.In the RCT, 47 patients were randomized to Prednisolone and 46 to placebo. No significant difference of hearing recovery was observed between the Prednisolone group and placebo group at either first or final follow-up regarding the effect of treatment. Presence of vertigo had significant negative effect on hearing improvement in both groups. Inflammatory signs in laboratory work-up had a positive prognostic effect, irrespective of treatment.The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the Prednisolone group and placebo/no treatment group (p>0.05). Vertigo at the onset of hearing loss and age had a negative prognostic value equally in all groups and signs of inflammation had a positive.Conclusion: Regardless of diagnostic protocol, treatment of ISSNHL in Sweden is mainly limited to corticosteroids (50%) or to no medical treatment. In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial no positive effect of Prednisolone on ISSNHL could be demonstrated. A Meta-analysis of patient data from the Swedish national database for SSNHL and the RCT for ISSNHL demonstrated no effect of Prednisolone on ISSNHL. Is it time to change the focus of research to find new ways to treat ISSNHL?
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Rosenhall, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Dietary habits and hearing
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:Suppl. 1, s. S53-S56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Study groups from three age cohorts of 70-75 year-olds were investigated to search for possible correlations between dietary habits and auditory function. Design: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study. Study sample: A total number of 524 people (275 women, 249 men) were recruited from three age cohorts. The study sample was representative of the general population. All participants answered a diet history and were tested with pure-tone audiometry. Eleven categories of food consumption were related to pure-tone averages of low-mid frequency hearing, and high frequency hearing. Results: Two consistent correlations between diet and hearing were observed. One was a correlation between good hearing and a high consumption of fish in the male group. The other was a correlation between poor high frequency hearing and a high consumption of food rich in low molecular carbohydrates in both genders; a larger effect size was seen in females. Conclusions: The study indicates that diet is important for aural health in aging. According to this study fish is beneficial to hearing, whereas consumption of "junk food", rich in low molecular carbohydrates, is detrimental. Other correlations, e.g. between high consumption of antioxidants, were not demonstrated here, but cannot be excluded.
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| 28. |
- Rosenhall, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Dietary habits and hearing
- 2014
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The infl uence on the hearing of micronutrients has been studied in both humans and research animals. Vitamin intake and diets with supplementation of one or more micronutrient have been studied. In a Swedish epidemiological investigation (the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Study in Gothenburg) nutrient and food intake of 70-year old persons from three age cohorts was studied. The results of a comparison between a dietary enquiry and pure tone audiometry will be presented and discussed.
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| 29. |
- Rosenhall, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Hearing aid rehabilitation: what do older people want, and what does the audiogram tell?
- 2003
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In: International journal of audiology. - 1499-2027. ; 42 Suppl 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The demands/needs for audiological/otological services under optimal conditions were investigated within the framework of three epidemiological investigations. The study population consisted of 559 people, 318 women and 241 men, 70-91 years old. The participants were offered audiological and otological services, including hearing aid fitting. Fifteen per cent of the participants asked for audiological/otological services. Six per cent of the participants were equipped with hearing aids as a result of the study. Almost all of those with severe hearing loss either had been equipped with hearing aids prior to the study, or took advantage of the offer to get such devices. This figure represented about half of those with moderate hearing loss and about 20% of those with mild hearing loss. After the study, 19% were equipped with hearing aids, but in all 25% had hearing aids or had expressed a wish to get one. The percentages of elderly people with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, who contemplated purchasing an aid, but did not do so, were large, between 10%, and 22%. More than 11% consulted a doctor when the opportunity was offered to them. Most of them wanted the consultation because of progressive hearing loss. Middle ear disease was another important reason for a consultation.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Rosenhall, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Hearing of 75-year old persons over three decades : Has hearing changed?
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 52:11, s. 731-739
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The state of hearing in 75-year old persons was measured in a population based epidemiological study with the aim of studying if hearing had changed during a time span of 29 years. Design: An epidemiological study of generational effects in three age cohorts. Study sample: Three age cohorts were included: cohort 1 (n: 267) born in 1976-77, cohort 4 (n: 197) in 1990-91, and cohort 6 (n: 570) in 2005. The same test procedures using pure-tone audiometry and a short questionnaire were applied to the three cohorts of 75-year old residents in the same city. Results: The hearing was essentially unchanged during the span of the investigation-almost three decades. Low-frequency hearing was up to about 10 dB poorer in the most recently studied cohort compared to the previously studied cohorts. The reason for this difference is considered to depend on methodological factors. Self-assessed hearing and tinnitus was mainly unchanged, or had minor changes both to the better and to the worse. Conclusions: The hearing, both measured with pure-tone audiometry and with a short questionnaire, of 75-year old persons has not changed at all, or only marginally, over three decades.
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| 32. |
- Rosenhall, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Self-assessed hearing problems in Sweden: a demographic study.
- 1999
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In: Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-6091. ; 38:6, s. 328-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study of self-assessed hearing problems was performed comprising 48,680 Swedish inhabitants aged 16-84 years. The participants of the survey responded to personal interviews during the period 1986-1993. One of the questions in the interview concerned difficulties of hearing in background noise. The total prevalence of the reported hearing problems was 10.7 per cent, varying from 2.4 per cent in the youngest age group to 30 per cent in the oldest. Men reported difficulties in hearing more often than women, except in the youngest age group. Hearing problems were more often reported by manual workers, unemployed and by those who had taken early retirement, than by non-manual employees and the self-employed. Regional differences regarding hearing problems were observed. The prevalence of self-reported problems was lowest in metropolitan Stockholm (7.9 per cent) and increased in the following order: other major cities (9.4 per cent), other cities (10.5 per cent), small population centres (12.5 per cent), agricultural areas (13.5 per cent) and sparsely populated forest areas (15 per cent). In summary, a number of factors related to ageing, socioeconomic status and domicile were related to self-assessed difficulties hearing a conversation. These factors obviously include determinants such as genetics, health status, gender-related differences, exposure to noise and possible conditioning effects of low-level noise exposure.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Full-time exposure to occupational noise during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth weight in a nationwide cohort study of Swedish women
- 2019
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 651:Pt 1, s. 1137-1143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noise is a common exposure in the occupational work environment. Earlier studies of occupational noise and pregnancy outcome are few and show mixed results. To investigate if objectively assessed exposure to occupational noise during pregnancy is associated with reduced intrauterine growth and/or preterm birth a nationwide cohort study of 857,010 single births was initiated. Individual information on occupation and risk factors was retrieved from prenatal care interviews at pregnancy week 10. Occupational noise was classified into three exposure categories <75, 75–85, >85 dBA by a job exposure matrix. Odds ratios were adjusted for BMI, smoking, parity, education, physically strenuous work and low job control. Exposure to high (>85 dBA) levels of occupational noise throughout the pregnancy (full time workers) was associated with an increased risk of the child being born small for gestational age, OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.03) compared to noise exposure <75 dBA. A similar increase was seen for low birth weight OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.80) for high levels of noise. No clear association was seen for preterm birth. No consistent effects on birth outcome was observed in women who had worked part-time or were on leave of absence >21 days (median). In summary, full-time exposure to high levels of noise during pregnancy was associated with a slightly reduced fetal growth but not with preterm birth. The effect of intermediate occupational noise exposure (75–85 dBA) showed a small, but statistically increased risk for all studied birth outcomes. The study strengthens the evidence that pregnant women should not be long-term exposed to high levels >85 dBA of occupational noise during pregnancy. Intermediate exposure should be studied further.
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| 35. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Maternal occupational exposure to noise during pregnancy and hearing dysfunction in children : A nationwide prospective cohort study in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 124:6, s. 855-860
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Many women of childbearing age are occupationally active, which leads to a large number of pregnancies potentially exposed to occupational exposures. Occupational noise has been identified as a risk factor for hearing impairment in adults. However, very few studies have assessed the effect of occupational noise on the fetus. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational exposure to noise during pregnancy is associated with hearing dysfunction in children. Methods: This population based cohort study included 1,422,333 single births in Sweden 1986–2008. Data on mothers’ occupation, smoking habits, age, ethnicity, body mass index, leave of absence, and socioeconomic factors were obtained from interviews performed by prenatal care unit staff at approximately 10 weeks of gestation and from national registers. Occupational noise exposure was classified by a job–exposure-matrix as <75, 75–84, or ≥ 85 dBLAeq,8h. Diagnosed cases of hearing dysfunction (ICD-10 codes H90.3-7, 91.0, 91.2-3, 91.8, 93.1-2) were identified from a register of specialized medical care. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations. Results: In the full sample, containing a mixture of part-time and full-time workers during pregnancy, the adjusted HR for hearing dysfunction associated with maternal occupational noise exposure ≥ 85 vs. <75 dBLAeq,8h was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.64; 60 exposed cases). When restricted to children whose mothers worked full-time and had <20 days leave of absence during pregnancy, the corresponding HR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.08; 14 exposed cases). Conclusions: This study showed an association between occupational noise exposure during pregnancy and hearing dysfunction in children. In view of mechanistic evidence and earlier indicative epidemiological and experimental findings, the results support that pregnant women should not be exposed to high levels of noise at work.
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| 36. |
- Skjonsberg, A., et al.
(author)
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Sensitivity and Specificity of Automated Audiometry in Subjects with Normal Hearing or Hearing Impairment
- 2019
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In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 21:98, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity in an automatic computer-controlled audiometric set-up, used for screening purposes. Design: Comparison between standardized audiometry and automated audiometry performed in the same participants. Study Sample: In total, 100 participants (51 females and 49 males) were recruited to take part of this study the same day they visited the hearing clinic for clinical audiometry. Ages varied between 18 and 84 years (mean 45.9 in females, 52.3 in males). Results: The participants were divided into groups, dependent of type of hearing. A total of 23 had normal hearing, 40 had sensorineural hearing loss, 19 had conductive hearing loss and 18 showed asymmetric hearing loss. The sensitivity for the automated audiometry was 86%-100% and the specificity 56%-100%. The group with conductive hearing loss showed the poorest sensitivity (86 %) and specificity (56 %). The group with sensorineural hearing loss showed the smallest variation in difference between the two methods. Conclusions: The results show that automated audiometry is a method suitable to screen for hearing loss. Screening levels need to be selected with respect to cause of screening and environmental factors. For patients with asymmetric hearing thresholds it is necessary to consider the effect of transcranial routing of signals.
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| 37. |
- Tribukait, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Morphological characteristics of the human macula sacculi
- 2005
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In: Audiology & neuro-otology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-3030 .- 1421-9700. ; 10:2, s. 90-96
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The surface morphology of 20 human maculae sacculi is presented. Individual data on the total area, shape and the relative area of the pars superior are given. The mean area of 14 adult maculae was (mean +/- SD) 2.35 +/- 0.31 mm2. The ratio between the length and width of the macula was 2.54 +/- 0.28. The pars superior was significantly larger than the pars inferior. The percentage of pars superior was 56.4 +/- 4.7. As regards the shape of the macula, there was a large interindividual variability. The findings are discussed, taking into consideration comparative anatomy as well as spatial orientation.
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| 38. |
- Uhlén, I., et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of childhood hearing impairment in the County of Stockholm–a 40-year perspective from Sweden and other high-income countries
- 2020
-
In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 59:11, s. 866-873
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the current prevalence of childhood hearing impairment (HI) in Sweden and to compare our data with previous studies from Sweden and other high-income countries. Design: This was a cross-sectional study based on a register of children diagnosed with HI. Our results were compared with prevalence data from 18 studies from Sweden and other high-income countries, covering data collected from 1964 to the present. Study sample: In December 2017, a total of 1911 out of 524,957 children 0–18 years of age and living in Stockholm County were enrolled in the regional programme for HI intervention. Results: The overall prevalence of unilateral and bilateral HI >20 dB was 3.6/1000. The overall prevalence of bilateral HI >40 dB HL was 1.5/1000, split into age groups the prevalence was 0.4/1000 (<1 year of age), 1/1000 (1–4 years), 1.5/1000 (5–9 years), 1.6/1000 (10–14 years), and 2.14/1000 (15–18 years). From 1 to 18 years of age, the prevalence increased by a factor of 3.5 for moderate to profound HI >40 dB HL (0.7 to 2.4/1000). Conclusion: The prevalence of HI across childhood in Stockholm County today is not significantly different from previous reports from Sweden and other high-income countries. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 39. |
- Ulf, Rosenhall, et al.
(author)
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Autism and auditory brain stem responses.
- 2003
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In: Ear and Hearing. - 0196-0202 .- 1538-4667. ; 24:3, s. 206-214
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study a controversy that has been discussed for more than two decades: whether or not children with autism have abnormalities affecting the cochlear nerve or the auditory pathway in the brain stem and, if so, to describe these abnormalities. DESIGN: A group of 153 children and adolescents with autistic disorder were included in an investigation of auditory brain stem responses (ABR). Two thirds of this group, 101 individuals (75 boys, 26 girls), had normal hearing and they were selected for an in-depth ABR study. The results from the study group were compared with those of an age-matched comparison group. RESULTS: The III-V interpeak latency (IPL) was significantly prolonged in both boys and girls with autism, compared with the controls. The latencies of ABR waves I and V were also significantly lengthened in the study groups. The individual test results showed that more than half of this normal-hearing autistic disorder group (58%) had abnormalities of one or more of eight ABR parameters studied. The most common abnormalities were prolongation of wave V (38%), and of I-V IPL (28%). A lengthening of the I-V IPL was also recorded in 27% of 49 children who were difficult to test or who had hearing loss. Abnormal left-right differences of ABR latencies were found in 18% of autism cases with normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS: Possible causes of the reported ABR abnormalities, observed here as well as in other studies, are discussed. Brain stem lesion, occult cochlear dysfunction, and involvement of the cochlear efferent system are probable factors that can explain the ABR findings
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| 40. |
- Winzell Juhlin, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Hearing acuity in nonagenarians aged 90 and 95 assessed in a home setting using standardized pure-tone audiometry
- 2024
-
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Knowledge regarding hearing acuity in the nonagenarian age group is sparse. In this study we aimed to advance our understanding of hearing loss in the 10th decade of life. Design: A cross-sectional study in which standardised hearing measurements were performed during home visits, which included care home facilities and nursing homes to maximise participation. Study sample: Two unselected groups of individuals aged 90 (n = 42) and 95 (n = 49), sampled from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies. Results: 98% of the participants (95% CI [95, 100]) had some degree of hearing loss in their better ear, with 83% (95% CI [73, 89]) having a potentially disabling hearing loss of moderate degree or worse, according to WHO criteria. Furthermore, differences between the two age groups (five years apart) indicate an increasing hearing loss, primarily at frequencies >= 2 kHz. Conclusion: Hearing loss was present in almost all of the participants in the nonagenarian age group and among a majority of them potentially to a degree that would warrant rehabilitation. Carrying out standardised hearing measurements in a home setting was feasible in this age group and enhanced the representativeness of the study population.
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| 41. |
- Zhang, Xiaotong, et al.
(author)
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A clinical study of sudden deafness
- 2015
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 135:10, s. 1030-1035
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conclusions: Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL) was commonly seen in middle aged people. Tinnitus was reported by 87.2% of the patients, and dizziness or vertigo were reported by 48.5%. The most common concomitant disorder of SSHL was hyperlipidemia. Objective: A retrospective register study with SSHL was performed in Xi'an, China, from 2000-2009. Results: Of 617 inpatients, the right ear was affected in 267 cases, the left ears in 282 cases, and both ears in 68 cases. The most common age of patients was 41-50 years. There were 20.4% SSHL patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, or diabetes, and 49.6% patients with hyperlipidemia. Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) were performed in 460 patients (504 ears) before treatment, and the ABR threshold of 56.4% ears was >90 dB. The constituent ratio of patients with an ABR threshold over 90 dB was greater in the vertigo group than the other group. CT and/or MRI scans were available in 277 cases, of which 40 cases (14.4%) were abnormal.
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