| 1. |
- Almquist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Consuming milk cereal drinks at one year of age was associated with a twofold risk of being overweight at the age of five
- 2019
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1115-1121
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: We previously reported that consuming milk cereal drinks at six months of age was associated with a high body mass index (BMI) at 12 and 18 months. This study examined the association between daily consumption at 12 months of age and BMI at the age of five.Methods: We followed up 1870/2666 (70%) children recruited at birth in 2007–2008 for the Swedish longitudinal population‐based Halland Health and Growth Study a mean of 5.09 ± 0.28 years. Feeding practices were obtained from parental questionnaires, and anthropometric data were collected by child health nurses.Results: At five years, 11.6% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. Milk cereal drinks were consumed by about 85% and 10% at one and five years of age, respectively. Consumption at 12 months was associated with almost double the risk of being overweight at five years of age (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.50). Other risk factors were a family history of obesity, low paternal educational level and paternal smoking.Conclusion: Consuming milk cereal drinks daily at 12 months was associated with a twofold risk of being overweight at five years. These findings may affect the counselling guidelines used at child healthcare centres. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
|
|
| 2. |
- Almquist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before 1 month of age
- 2012
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:1, s. 55-60
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is associated with many benefits for both mother and child. Initiation rates are high in Sweden. Recently a slight decline is seen.AIM: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding during the first 4 weeks.METHOD: A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study recruiting from 2007 to 2008 in south-western Sweden. At the first visit to the child health centre, parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. Also, the infants' height, weight, head and waist circumference were collected. Response rate was 69.2%.RESULTS: Twenty-seven per cent of mothers had breastfeeding problems. In a multivariate analysis, there was a negative correlation between breastfeeding and use of pacifier (OR 3.72; CI 2.09-6.63), maternal smoking (OR 2.09; CI 1.08-4.05) and breastfeeding problems (OR 2.54; CI 1.73-3.71). Breastfeeding problems were correlated with poor sucking technique (OR 2.96; CI 2.14-4.07), support from maternity ward (OR 2.56; CI 2.05-3.19) and perceived poor weight gain (OR 1.37; CI 1.00-1.86).CONCLUSION: Many mothers reported breastfeeding problems that are associated with an early cessation. This is preventable with support, but the timing is crucial. To promote breastfeeding, the support from the child health centres must be tailored with the maternal perspective in mind.© 2011 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica
|
|
| 3. |
- Almquist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Influence of neighbourhood purchasing power on breastfeeding at four months of age : a Swedish population-based cohort study
- 2013
-
In: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant in child health, influencing beneficial factors such as breastfeeding. A better understanding of the influence of neighbourhood-level SES measures, relating to spatial determinants, might lead to targeted actions to promote breastfeeding during infancy.METHODS: A cross-sectional study analysis the association between breastfeeding at four months of age and neighbourhood purchasing power, taking account of individual-level variables including maternal age, smoking and parental level of education. Data were obtained from a prospective population- based cohort study recruited from birth in 2007-2008 in the Halland region, southwestern Sweden. Questionnaire data on the individual-level variables and the outcome variable of breastfeeding at four months (yes/no) were used (n=2,407). Each mother was geo-coded with respect to her residential parish (there are 61 parishes in the region) and then stratified by parish-level household purchasing power. It emerged that four neighbourhood characteristics were reasonable to use, viz. <10%, 10-19%, 20-29% and ≥ 30% of the resident families with low purchasing power.RESULTS: The proportion of mothers not breastfeeding at four months of age showed a highly significant trend across the neighbourhood strata (p=0.00004): from 16.3% (< 10% with low purchasing power) to 29.4% (≥ 30% with low purchasing power), yielding an OR of 2.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.45-3.16). After adjusting for the individual-level variables, the corresponding OR=1.63 (1.07-2.56) was significant and the trend across the strata was still evident (p=0.05). A multi-level analysis estimated that, in the neighbourhoods with ≥ 30% of the families with low purchasing power, 20% more mothers than expected, taking account of the individual-level factors, reported no breastfeeding at four months of age (≥ 95% posterior probability of an elevated observed-to-expected ratio).CONCLUSION: The neighbourhood purchasing power provided a spatial determinant of low numbers of mothers breastfeeding at four months of age, which could be relevant to consider for targeted actions. The elevated observed-to-expected ratio in the neighbourhoods with the lowest purchasing power points toward a possible contextual influence. © 2013 Almquist-Tangen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
|
|
| 4. |
- Almquist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Milk cereal drink increases BMI risk at 12 and 18 months, but formula does not
- 2013
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:12, s. 1174-1179
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: Infant feeding affects growth, obesity and life-long health. This study examined the impact of dietary patterns on body mass index (BMI) at 12 and 18 months.METHODS: We followed a cohort of 2,666 children recruited in 2007-2008. Feeding practices were obtained from parental questionnaires and anthropometric data collected by child health nurses.RESULTS: At six months, 58.3% of the infant were breastfed, but only 1.6% exclusively. Many had begun eating solids (91.8%), porridge (87.7%) or milk cereal drink (46.6%). Bottle-feeding at four months was not a risk factor for a high BMI (>1 SD) at 12 or 18 months. Milk cereal drink at six months increased the risk of a high BMI at 12 and 18 months respectively (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.12-2.22, and 1.52, 1.07-2.17). Milk cereal drink use was increased by low parental education and maternal obesity and reduced by troubled sleep and parental group participation.CONCLUSION: Formula at four months did not predict a high BMI at 12 or 18 months. Milk cereal drink use at six months was a risk factor for a high BMI at 12 and 18 months. The choice of milk cereal drink was influenced by parental factors, especially educational levels. ©2013 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
|
|
| 5. |
- Almquist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
What makes parents act and react? Parental views and considerations relating to "child health' during infancy
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Child Health Care. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1367-4935 .- 1741-2889. ; 21:4, s. 415-423
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lifestyle factors and behaviours are adopted very early in life and tend to persist throughout life. Considering that the parents are the primary gatekeepers for their child's health, there is a need to gain more knowledge and deeper understanding about what causes parents to act and react in order for early preventive efforts to have any effect. The aim was to explore the parental views and considerations concerning child health' among parents with infants 8-10 months old. The sample was strategic and 16 parents (aged 23-41) were recruited from three child health centres in Sweden. Open-ended interviews were conducted and a qualitative, manifest content analysis approach was utilized. The parents described the subject child health' as a large, multifaceted concept. Three categories emerged during data analysis: developing a sixth sense, being affected by perceptions and believing health and ill health as a continuum. The parents perceived food and feeding issues as one of the most worrying aspects and a significant indicator of child health'. In order to meet the parents on their turf, the healthy health message' conveyed needs to take the parental perspective into consideration rather than attempting to educate the parents from predetermined assumption, belief and values.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Jonathan, et al.
(author)
-
MRI estimates of brown adipose tissue in children - Associations to adiposity, osteocalcin, and thigh muscle volume
- 2019
-
In: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0730-725X .- 1873-5894. ; 58, s. 135-142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context Brown adipose tissue is of metabolic interest. The tissue is however poorly explored in children. Methods: Sixty-three 7-year old subjects from the Swedish birth-cohort Halland Health and Growth Study were recruited. Care was taken to include both normal weight and overweight children, but the subjects were otherwise healthy. Only children born full term were included. Water-fat separated whole-body MRI scans, anthropometric measurements, and measurements of fasting glucose and levels of energy homeostasis related hormones, including the insulin-sensitizer osteocalcin, were performed. The fat fraction (FF) and effective transverse relaxation time (T-2(star)) of suspected brown adipose tissue in the cervical-supraclavicular-axillary fat depot (sBAT) and the FFs of abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured. Volumes of sBAT, abdominal VAT and SAT, and thigh muscle volumes were measured. Results: The FF in the sBAT depot was lower than in VAT and SAT for all children. In linear correlations including sex and age as explanatory variables, sBAT FF correlated positively with all measures of adiposity (p < 0.01), except for VAT FF and weight, positively with sBAT T-2* (p = 0.036), and negatively with osteocalcin (p = 0.017). When adding measures of adiposity as explanatory variables, sBAT FF also correlated negatively with thigh muscle volume (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Whole-body water-fat MRI of children allows for measurements of sBAT. The FF of sBAT was lower than that of VAT and SAT, indicating presence of BAT. Future studies could confirm whether the observed correlations corresponds to a hormonally active BAT.
|
|
| 7. |
- Berggren, Sara, 1987, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity and screen time habits of children aged 11-13 years in Sweden
- 2023
-
In: Frontiers in Public Health. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Physical activity (PA), exercise, sedentary behavior and screen time are lifestyle factors that have been shown to significantly impact child health in different ways. These lifestyle factors were affected to different degrees by global restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated PA and screen time in a cohort of Swedish children in both 2019 and 2021, before and during the pandemic.Method: Adolescents born in 2008 in Halland, Sweden, and included in a previous longitudinal birth cohort study were invited to take part in follow-up questionnaires about PA, screen time and COVID-19. A total of 1041 children aged 11 (in 2019) and 13 years (in 2021) replied and 777 of them answered on both occasions.Results: Most children (42.1%) reported that their leisure time PA was unchanged from 2019 to 2021. Compared to unchanged PA 33.9% exercised more often (p = 0.011) and 23.9% exercised less (p < 0.001), both differences statistically significant. Roughly, 43.2% of boys and 34.9% of girls in 2021 exercised so that they became breathless or broke a sweat at least 4 times a week not counting physical education in school, corresponding figures for 2019 were 38.2% for boys and 35.2% for girls. The majority of children were able to continue attending leisure time sports clubs during the pandemic, but participation decreased from 88.3% to 76.3% from 11 to 13 years of age. Most reported that sports club routines changed during the pandemic, but only 40.9% reported fewer practice opportunities. Attending a sports club gave greater protection against loss of PA during the pandemic than not belonging to one (41.0% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). The majority (71.1%) of children spent more time on screens in 2021 than 2019, with a mean increase of 9.4 h (95% CI 8.6 to 10.2 h) from 20.7 to 30.1 hours per week (p < 0.001) during the study.Conclusions: Swedish children largely maintained their levels of PA during the pandemic at 13 years of age and these were possibly safeguarded by the comparably mild pandemic restrictions in Sweden in 2021. However, they did increase their screen time between 11 and 13 years of age.
|
|
| 8. |
- Berggren, Sara, et al.
(author)
-
Parents with overweight children age two and five years of age did not perceive them as weighing too much.
- 2018
-
In: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 107:6, s. 1060-1064
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined whether the parents of children who were overweight at two and five years of age perceived their children as being too heavy and related the findings to sociodemographic factors.The data collection included parental questionnaires and anthropometric data from a longitudinal birth cohort of 2,666 children born in the southwest region of Sweden in 2007-2008.We found that 14.9% and 11.8% of the children were considered overweight or obese at the age of two and five, but 96.4% and 87.1% of their parents perceived their weight to be just about right at these ages. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Parents who were overweight themselves and had a low educational level were associated with a higher probability of misperception: at two years of age the odds ratio was 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.80-4.21) and at the age of five it was 1.92 (1.24-2.97).Most parents did not perceive that their overweight children weighed too much, but their judgement improved as the child got older. Parents who were overweight or had a low educational level were more likely to misperceive their child's weight. Health professionals need to be aware of this gap in perception. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Berggren, Sara, 1987, et al.
(author)
-
Reference limits for osteocalcin in infancy and early childhood: A longitudinal birth cohort study
- 2024
-
In: CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveThe longitudinal variations in serum levels of the hormone osteocalcin is largely unknown during infancy and early childhood. Our aim was to establish reference limits for total serum osteocalcin during specific time points from birth until 5 years of age and present those in the context of sex, breastfeeding practices and gestational age (GA).DesignBlood samples from 551 Swedish children were analysed at birth, 4, 12, 36 and 60 months of age. Total serum osteocalcin was measured using the IDS-iSYS N-MID Osteocalcin assay technique. Information about the mother, birth, anthropometrics and a food diary were collected.ResultsSex-specific and age-specific reference limits were established for the five time points. The median osteocalcin levels over time were 40.8, 90.0, 67.8, 62.2 and 80.9 mu g/L for boys and 38.1, 95.5, 78.3, 73.9 and 92.6 mu g/L for girls. Lower GA was associated to higher osteocalcin at birth, and ongoing breastfeeding was associated to higher osteocalcin levels.ConclusionOsteocalcin followed a wavelike pattern with low levels in the umbilical cord and a postnatal peak during the first year which then declined and rose again by the age of five. Knowledge of this wavelike pattern and association to factors as sex, breastfeeding and GA may help clinicians to interpret individual osteocalcin levels and guide in future research.
|
|
| 10. |
- Berggren, Sara, 1987, et al.
(author)
-
Serum osteocalcin levels at 4months of age were associated with neurodevelopment at 4years of age in term-born children
- 2022
-
In: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 111:2, s. 338-345
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The hormone osteocalcin influenced neurodevelopment and cognition in mice models; this human study explored potential associations between total serum levels in human infants and neurodevelopment at 4years of age. Methods: The data were based on two Swedish birth cohorts from 2008 to 2009. We followed 158healthy full-term vaginal births (51% girls) by measuring serum osteocalcin in cord blood and at 4, 12 and 36months. The values were compared with neurodevelopment tests at 4years of age. Results: There was an association between osteocalcin at 4months and later full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ; r2 0.031, p<0.05). Children with osteocalcin levels in the highest quartile scored 5.6 (95% confidence interval [1.3, 9.9]) points higher than those in the lowest quartile, with mean scores of 118.8±8.8 and 113.2±9.2 (p<0.05). They also scored higher on gross motor skills (p<0.05) and showed greater ability during the drawing trail test (p<0.005). Cord levels of osteocalcin were negatively associated with processing speed and fine motor development at 4years, but levels at 12 and 36months were not associated with later neurodevelopment. Conclusion: Osteocalcin levels in infancy appeared to be associated with later IQ and motor development, but more research is needed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bidlingmaier, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Reference Intervals for Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) From Birth to Senescence: Results From a Multicenter Study Using a New Automated Chemiluminescence IGF-1 Immunoassay Conforming to Recent International Recommendations.
- 2014
-
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 99:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Measurement of IGF-1 is a cornerstone in diagnosis and monitoring of GH-related diseases, but considerable discrepancies exist between analytical methods. A recent consensus conference defined criteria for validation of IGF-1 assays and for establishment of normative data. Objectives: Our objectives were development and validation of a novel automated IGF-1 immunoassay (iSYS; Immunodiagnostic Systems) according to international guidelines and establishment of method-specific age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals and analysis of their robustness. Setting and Participants: We conducted a multicenter study with samples from 12 cohorts from the United States, Canada, and Europe including 15ü014 subjects (6697 males and 8317 females, 0-94 years of age). Main Outcome Measures: We measured concentrations of IGF-1 as determined by the IDS iSYS IGF-1 assay. Results: A new IGF-1 assay calibrated against the recommended standard (02/254) and insensitive to the 6 high-affinity IGF binding proteins was developed and rigorously validated. Age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals derived from a uniquely large cohort reflect the age-related pattern of IGF-1 secretion: a decline immediately after birth followed by an increase until a pubertal peak (at 15 years of age). Later in life, values decrease continuously. The impact of gender is small, although across the lifespan, women have lower mean IGF-1 concentrations. Geographical region, sampling setting (community or hospital based), and rigor of exclusion criteria in our large cohort did not affect the reference intervals. Conclusions: Using large cohorts of well-characterized subjects from different centers allowed construction of robust reference ranges for a new automated IGF-1 assay. The strict adherence to recent consensus criteria for IGF-1 assays might facilitate clinical application of the results.
|
|
| 12. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
A prospective study of perinatal and metabolic risk factors for early childhood caries
- 2020
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:11, s. 2356-2361
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim To study the relationship between early childhood caries and perinatal and metabolic risk factors in a cohort of preschool children. Methods The study population consisted of 208 children followed from birth to 6.5 years. We extracted the perinatal factors from medical records and questionnaires and assessed the occurrence of caries at the age of 5 years. Indicators of the metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose and dyslipidaemia) were recorded at 6.5 years of age. Results Infants born moderately to late preterm and infants born small for gestational age were more likely to have early childhood caries at 5 years of age (relative risk 4.2 and 2.3, respectively; P < .05). The presence of metabolic risk factors according to the IDEFICS monitoring levels did not differ between children with or without caries but a statistically significant correlation was found between the fasting glucose values and the number of decayed or filled teeth (r = 0.18; P < .05). Conclusion Being born preterm or small for gestational age increased the risk of early childhood caries. Preschool children with caries had higher fasting glucose levels but no other signs of the metabolic syndrome.
|
|
| 13. |
- Boustedt, K., et al.
(author)
-
Free sugars and early childhood caries development: a prospective cohort study
- 2022
-
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 23:5, s. 829-833
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the impact of giving children younger than 2 years foods and beverages with free sugars on the prevalence of early childhood caries at 5 years. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 208 children (105 boys and 103 girls) with a complete set of data on nursing, diet and caries from birth to 5 years. We collected feeding habits and dietary data through structured questionnaires at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and the presence of decayed (d), missed (m) and filled (f) teeth was scored according to the WHO criteria at five years of age. We processed data with chi-square tests and expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results At the age of 5 years, 22% of the children had caries. Intake of fruit juice with meals (RR 2.3) and cookies or biscuits at 24 months of age (RR 2.4), as well as fast food consumption at least once every week (RR 2.9), more than doubled the risk for early childhood caries (p < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, we found a relationship between consumption of free sugars early in life and dental caries prevalence at 5 years. It therefore seems important to embrace and emphasise the current sugar recommendations in primary and dental care to educate caregivers to avoid serving free sugars to their children before the age of 2 years.
|
|
| 14. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Influence of mode of delivery, family and nursing determinants on early childhood caries development: a prospective cohort study
- 2018
-
In: Acta Odontol Scand. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850. ; 76:8, s. 595-599
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Conflicting results exist regarding mode of delivery and caries. We investigated the influence of the mode of delivery and selected family- and nursing factors during the first 2 years of life on the prevalence of dental caries at 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 551 infants were invited to a prospective medical study with focus on growth and overweight prevention. The parents of 346 infants (179 boys and 167 girls) accepted this invitation and at the age of 2-years, 336 of them agreed to dental check-ups and salivary samplings. At the ages of three and five years, 302 (90%) and 292 children (87%) could be re-examined with respect to caries by one of two calibrated examiners. All stages of caries lesions were scored on tooth and surface level. Background maternal and nursing data were collected semiannually through validated questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS: The caries prevalence (initial + cavitated lesions) was 5.6% at 3 years of age and 18.9% at 5 years. The 5-year-olds delivered with caesarian section displayed a significantly elevated risk of having caries (relative risk [RR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.6; p < .05). Parental smoking and siblings with caries were the most influential family determinants (p < .05) while drinking juice to meals at 2 years of age (p < .05) was most outstanding among the nursing factors (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the mode of delivery (caesarian section) had a significant impact on the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) but also other family and infant nursing determinants were related to the development of the disease.
|
|
| 15. |
- Boustedt, K., et al.
(author)
-
Is the mode of childbirth delivery linked to the prevalence of early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
-
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 22, s. 765-772
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The mode of childbirth delivery can influence the child’s future health and the aim of this study was to explore the association between the delivery mode and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases up to September 15, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries according to the mode of delivery. Results: The authors included 11 studies in the review, comprising 47,688 children with vaginal delivery and 10,994 with caesarean section (C-section). The publication years ranged from 1997 to 2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case–control studies. We assessed three publications with low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence in the C-section group was 56.4% compared to 45.9% in the vaginal group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.07–2.05) indicating a weak but statistically significant trend towards a higher caries occurrence among children delivered with C-section. The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Conclusion: We found a weak but inconsistent association between the mode of delivery and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Further studies based on representative, prospective cohorts reporting a standardized core outcome set are required to answer the research question with higher certainty. © 2021, The Author(s).
|
|
| 16. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Salivary microflora and mode of delivery: a prospective case control study.
- 2015
-
In: BMC oral health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831. ; 15:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that the mode of delivery can influence the composition of oral microflora. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the salivary colonization in vaginally delivered children with children delivered by Caesarian section (C-section) during their first 6months of life.
|
|
| 17. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Tooth brushing habits and prevalence of early childhood caries: a prospective cohort study
- 2020
-
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 21, s. 155-159
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the tooth-brushing habits during the preschool ages and caries prevalence at the age of 5 years and to investigate a possible association with the mode of delivery. METHODS: The study population consisted of 336 children that were orally examined at 2, 3 and 5 years. All stages of caries were scored on tooth and surface level. Data on tooth brushing behaviour were collected through semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: At 5 years, the attrition rate was 13.1%. The total caries prevalence (cavitated and non-cavitated lesions) was 18.9%. The vast majority of the parents assisted their child with the brushing and 98% used fluoride toothpaste. The relative risk (RR) for caries was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for "tooth brushing less than twice daily" at two (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3, p < 0.01) and 3 years (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0-6.7; p < 0.001). Likewise, reporting "major/minor difficulties to perform tooth brushing" at 2 and 3 years was significantly related to caries development at the age of five (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.4, p < 0.05 and RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.3; p < 0.01). We found no significant association between the tooth brushing habits and the mode of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Less than twice daily tooth-brushing and difficulties to perform the procedure during the first preschool years were significant determinants of caries prevalence at the age of 5 years. Health professionals should, therefore, give special attention and assist parents to improve and optimize their tooth brushing behaviour during the preschool years.
|
|
| 18. |
- Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life
- 2015
-
In: Cell Host & Microbe. - Cambridge : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 17:5, s. 690-703
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gut microbiota is central to human health, but its establishment in early life has not been quantitatively and functionally examined. Applying metagenomic analysis on fecal samples from a large cohort of Swedish infants and their mothers, we characterized the gut microbiome during the first year of life and assessed the impact of mode of delivery and feeding on its establishment. In contrast to vaginally delivered infants, the gut microbiota of infants delivered by C-section showed significantly less resemblance to their mothers. Nutrition had a major impact on early microbiota composition and function, with cessation of breast-feeding, rather than introduction of solid food, being required for maturation into an adult-like microbiota. Microbiota composition and ecological network had distinctive features at each sampled stage, in accordance with functional maturation of the microbiome. Our findings establish a framework for understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and the human body in early life.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Eriksen, Carsten, et al.
(author)
-
Early life factors and oral microbial signatures define the risk of caries in a Swedish cohort of preschool children
- 2024
-
In: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The oral cavity harbors complex communities comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The oral microbiota is establish at birth and develops further during childhood, with early life factors such as birth mode, feeding practices, and oral hygiene, reported to influence this development and the susceptibility to caries. We here analyzed the oral bacterial composition in saliva of 260 Swedish children at two, three and five years of age using 16S rRNA gene profiling to examine its relation to environmental factors and caries development at five years of age. We were able to assign the salivary bacterial community in each child at each time point to one of seven distinct clusters. We observed an individual dynamic in the development of the oral microbiota related to early life factors, such as being first born, born by C-section, maternal perinatal antibiotics use, with a distinct transition between three and five years of age. Different bacterial signatures depending on age were related to increased caries risk, while Peptococcus consistently linked to reduced risk of caries development.
|
|
| 21. |
- Fast, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism in 12-year-old children: A population-based cohort
- 2024
-
In: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 66:4, s. 493-500
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimTo investigate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a population-based birth cohort and correlate the findings with prenatal and perinatal factors. We hypothesized that children born preterm, having experienced preeclampsia or maternal overweight, would have an increased risk of ADHD or ASD.MethodA Swedish cohort of 2666 children (1350 males, 1316 females) has been followed from birth with parental and perinatal data. The National Board of Health and Welfare's registries were used to collect data regarding perinatal status and assigned diagnoses at the age of 12 years.ResultsThe prevalence of ADHD and ASD was 7.6% and 1.1% respectively. Maternal obesity early in pregnancy resulted in a three-fold increased risk of ADHD in the child. Similarly, paternal obesity resulted in a two-fold increased risk. The association was significant also when adjusted for sex, preterm birth, smoking, and lower educational level. The prevalence of ASD was too low for statistically relevant risk factor analyses.InterpretationOur results corroborate earlier findings regarding prevalence and sex ratio for both ADHD and ASD. Maternal body mass index and preterm birth were correlated with an ADHD diagnosis at the age of 12 years.
|
|
| 22. |
- Friedrich, Nele, et al.
(author)
-
Age and sex specific reference intervals across life-span for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio measured by new automated chemiluminescence assays.
- 2014
-
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 99:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Measurement of IGFBP-3 can aid the diagnosis of growth hormone related diseases. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that IGFBP-3 and the molar IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio are associated with clinical endpoints like cancer or cardiovascular disease. However, their clinical use is limited by the lack of validated reference intervals. Objectives: Establishment of age- and sex-specific reference intervals for IGFBP-3 and the molar IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio by newly developed automated immunoassays. Setting: Multicentre study with samples from 11 cohorts from the USA, Canada and Europe Participants: 14,970 subjects healthy subjects covering all ages from birth to senescence. Main outcome measures: Concentrations of IGFBP-3 and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio as determined by the IDS iSYS IGF-I and IGFBP-3 assays. Results: Both the concentration of IGFBP-3 and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio are mainly determined by age. IGFBP-3 concentrations increase until the age of 22 years, with a plateau being visible between 15 and 25 years. Determined by the high peripubertal peak in IGF-I, the peak in the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio occurs already around the age of 15, with a slightly earlier and higher peak in females. Beyond the age of 60, IGFBP-3 concentrations remain higher in females, whereas IGF-I as well as the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio remain significantly higher in males. Conclusions: We present an extensive set of assay specific, age and sex-adjusted normative data for concentrations of IGFBP-3 and the molar IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio and demonstrate distinct sex specific differences across lifespan.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Kjellberg, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Longitudinal birth cohort study found that a significant proportion of children had abnormal metabolic profiles and insulin resistance at 6years of age. : Metabolic syndrome in 6-year-olds
- 2019
-
In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 108:3, s. 486-492
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and we investigated whether otherwise healthy 6-year-olds showed metabolic alterations.This study followed up a representative Swedish population-based cohort of full-term infants recruited on the maternity ward at Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Sweden, from 2008 to 2011. They were examined at a mean of 6.6years of age (range 6.5-6.9) using various measures for signs of metabolic syndrome.One key measure showed that 55 (26%) of the 212 children had one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome requiring action. The 37 who were obese (3%) or overweight (14%) were significantly more likely to be insulin resistant than the normal weight group (28% versus 5%, p<0.001) and have high triglycerides (8% versus 0%, p<0.001). Children with high waist circumferences had higher systolic (p=0.01) and diastolic (p=0.02) blood pressure than those with normal waist circumferences. Waist circumference identified children at high risk of metabolic syndrome better than body mass index.A significant percentage of 6-year-old children showed abnormal metabolic profiles, including insulin resistance, which increased their risk of cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference was a stronger marker for metabolic alterations than body mass index.
|
|
| 25. |
- Kjellberg, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in a Sex-Specific Manner in Seven-Year-Olds
- 2019
-
In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 27:6, s. 982-988
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes were associated with metabolic risk factors in 7-year-old children.METHODS: A total of 81 children (52% girls) from a Swedish birth cohort were studied. At 6 years of age, anthropometric data, fasting insulin, glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure were collected on 53 children with normal weight and 28 children with overweight or obesity, and insulin resistance was estimated. At 7 years of age, magnetic resonance imaging quantified VAT and SAT. Sex and regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS: SAT was more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than VAT. The associations between VAT and metabolic risk factors were stronger in girls (P < 0.05). When VAT was adjusted for birth weight and maternal BMI and education, it accounted for 51% of insulin variance (β = 11.72; P = 0.001) but only in girls. The key finding of this study was that adjusted SAT accounted for 63% of the fasting insulin variance in girls (β = 2.76; P < 0.001). Waist circumference was the best anthropometric marker for insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance was associated with abdominal adipose tissue and its associated metabolic risk factors in children as young as 7 years old.
|
|
| 26. |
- Kjellberg, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Serum n-6 and n-9 Fatty Acids Correlate with Serum IGF-1 and Growth Up to Four Months of Age in Healthy Infants.
- 2018
-
In: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. - 1536-4801. ; 66:1, s. 141-146
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To study the relationship between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), serum phospholipid fatty acids and growth in healthy full-term newborns during infancy.Prospective observational study of a population-based Swedish cohort comprising 126 healthy, term infants investigating cord blood and serum at two days and four months of age for IGF-1 and phospholipid fatty acid profile and breast milk for fatty acids at two days and four months, compared to anthropometric measurements (SDS).At all time-points arachidonic acid (AA) was negatively associated with IGF-1. IGF-1 had positive associations with Linoleic acid (LA) at two days and four months and Mead acid (MA) showed positive associations in cord blood. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for maternal factors (BMI, weight gain, smoking, education), gender, birth weight and feeding modality confirmed a negative association for the ratio AA/LA to IGF-1. MA in cord blood correlated to birth size. Changes in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and AA/docosahexaenoic acid from day two to four months together with infants' weight and feeding modality determined 55% of the variability of delta-IGF-1. Breastfed infants at four months had lower IGF-1 correlating with lower LA and higher AA concentrations, which in girls correlated with lower weight gain from birth to four months of age.Our data showed interaction of n-6 fatty acids with IGF-1 during the first four months of life, and an association between MA and birth size when adjusted for confounding factors. Further follow-up might indicate if these correlations are associated with later body composition.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Body mass index classification misses to identify children with an elevated waist-to-height ratio at 5 years of age.
- 2019
-
In: Pediatric Research. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 85:1, s. 30-35
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abdominal adiposity is an important risk factor in the metabolic syndrome. Since BMI does not reveal fat distribution, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been suggested as a better measure of abdominal adiposity in children, but only a few studies cover the preschool population. The aim of the present study was to examine BMI and WHtR growth patterns and their association regarding their ability to identify children with an elevated WHtR at 5 years of age.A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1540 children, followed from 0 to 5 years with nine measurement points. The children were classified as having WHtR standard deviation scores (WHtRSDS) <1 or ≥1 at 5 years. Student's t-tests and Chi-squared tests were used in the analyses.Association between BMISDS and WHtRSDS at 5 years showed that 55% of children with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years had normal BMISDS (p<0.001). Children with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years had from an early age significantly higher mean BMISDS and WHtRSDS than children with values <1.BMI classification misses every second child with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years, suggesting that WHtR adds value in identifying children with abdominal adiposity who may need further investigation regarding cardiometabolic risk factors.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Early life risk factors for an elevated waist-to-height ratio at 5 years of age
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective: To examine early life risk factors for an elevated waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) at 5 years of age. A second aim was to examine if the same risk factors also were associated with overweight or obesity at the same age.Methods: A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1,540 children, from the southwestern part of Sweden, born between October 2007 and December 2008. The children were classified as having ≥ 1 or < 1 in WHtR standard deviation scores (SDS) at five years of age, according to Swedish reference values and as having overweight/obesity or normal weight/underweight according to the IOTF. Results: At five years of age, 15% of the children had WHtRSDS ³ 1 and 11% had overweight or obesity. In multivariable analyses, RWG during 0-6 months (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.95), maternal pre- pregnancy BMI (1.06, 1.01,1.11) and paternal BMI (1.11, 1.01-1.21) were associated with a WHtRSDS ³ 1 at five years. RWG during 0-6 months (2.53, 1.53, 4,20), during 6-12 months (2.82, 1.37, 5.79) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (1.12, 1.06,1.17) was associated with overweight or obesity at 5 years of age.Conclusions: Risk factors operating early in life are associated with an elevated WHtR and overweight or obesity at 5 years of age. Preventive interventions should especially address early RWG and parental overweight.
|
|
| 32. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Early rapid weight gain, parental body mass index and the association with an increased waist-to-height ratio at 5 years of age.
- 2022
-
In: PloS one. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obesity-related adverse health consequences are closely associated with abdominal obesity. Risk factors for overweight and obesity have been studied but there is a lack of information regarding risk factors for abdominal obesity, especially in the preschool population. The aim of the present study was to examine early life risk factors for an increased waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children at five years of age and, in addition, to investigate if these risk factors also were associated with overweight or obesity.The study population comprised 1,540 children from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort study that included 2,666 Swedish children. The children were included if they had complete growth data for the analyses used in this study. Children were classified as having WHtR standard deviation scores (SDS) ≥ 1 or < 1 at five years of age, according to Swedish reference values, and as having body mass index standard deviation scores (BMISDS) for overweight/obesity, or normal weight/underweight according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Associations between child-related, socioeconomic status-related, parental health-related and nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors during the first two years and a WHtRSDS ≥ 1 or a BMISDS for overweight/obesity at five years were investigated with logistic regression analyses.At five years of age, 15% of the children had WHtRSDS ≥ 1 and 11% had overweight or obesity. In multivariable analyses, rapid weight gain (RWG) during 0-6 months (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.23-2.95, p = 0.004), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (1.06, 1.01-1.11, p = 0.019) and paternal BMI (1.11, 1.01-1.21, p = 0.028) were associated with WHtRSDS ≥ 1. RWG during 0-6 months (2.53, 1.53-4.20, p<0.001), 6-12 months (2.82, 1.37-5.79, p = 0.005), and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (1.11, 1.06-1.17, p<0.001) were associated with overweight or obesity.Early risk factors, including rapid weight gain, are associated with increased WHtRSDS and overweight or obesity at 5 years of age. Preventive interventions should target early RWG and parental overweight and obesity.
|
|
| 33. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Infant body mass index growth patterns predicted overweight at five years, waist-to-height ratio did not add to this predictivity
- 2019
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:5, s. 945-953
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) growth patterns from birth until five years regarding their ability to predict overweight or obesity in children at five years of age.Methods: Population‐based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1540 children from the south‐west region of Sweden, recruited at the first visit to the child health care centres in 2007–2008. The children were followed for five years and classified into two weight groups according to the 2012 International Obesity Task Force criteria. BMI and WHtR standard deviation scores (SDS) were analysed with Student's t‐tests and multiple logistic regression models. ©2018 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdResults: BMI‐SDS and WHtR‐SDS growth patterns were from an early age different in children with overweight or obesity, compared to in children with normal weight or underweight. Overweight or obesity was significantly predicted by BMI‐SDS at 0–1 month (p < 0.001), ΔBMI‐SDS between 0–1 and 12 months (p < 0.001) and between 18 and 48 months (p < 0.001), but not by WHtR‐SDS, except for a negative association between 18 and 48 months in the boys (p = 0.040).Conclusion: Overweight or obesity at five years could be predicted by early BMI‐SDS growth patterns, and WHtR‐SDS did not add to the predictivity with regard to BMI‐SDS. ©2018 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
|
|
| 34. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for rapid weight gain during the first year of life: a population-based birth cohort study
- 2020
-
In: BMC Pediatrics. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 20:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life. Methods A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0-3-4, 0-6 and 6-12 months. RWG was defined as a change > 0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models. Results Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0-3-4 months, 46% during 0-6 months and 8% during 6-12 months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3-4 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0-3-4 months (p < 0.05 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4 months and nighttime meals containing breast milk were negatively associated with RWG during this period (p < 0.001). Bottle-feeding at birth, 3-4 and 6 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk at 3-4 months were positively associated with RWG during 0-6 months (p < 0.01 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4 and 6 months was negatively associated with RWG (p < 0.01). During 6-12 months, only bottle-feeding at 3-4 months was positively associated with RWG (p < 0.05). Conclusions RWG was more common during the first 6 months of life and bottle-feeding and formula milk given at night were risk factors for RWG during this period.
|
|
| 35. |
- Malmborg, Julia, PhD, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Associations between pain, health, and lifestyle factors in 10-year-old boys and girls from a Swedish birth cohort
- 2023
-
In: BMC Pediatrics. - London : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2431. ; 23:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundPain is common in children and its associations with various biopsychosocial factors is complex. Comprehensive pain assessments could contribute to a better understanding of pediatric pain, but these assessments are scarce in literature. The aim of this study was to examine differences in pain prevalence and pain patterns in 10-year-old boys and girls from a Swedish birth cohort and to study associations between pain, health-related quality of life and various lifestyle factors stratified by sex.Methods866 children (426 boys and 440 girls) and their parents from the "Halland Health and Growth Study" participated in this cross-sectional study. Children were categorized into two pain groups, "infrequent pain" (never-monthly pain) or "frequent pain" (weekly-almost daily pain), based on a pain mannequin. Univariate logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex, were performed to study associations between frequent pain and children's self-reports of disease and disability and health-related quality of life (Kidscreen-27, five domains), and parents' reports of their child's sleep (quality and duration), physical activity time, sedentary time, and participation in organized physical activities.ResultsThe prevalence of frequent pain was 36.5% with no difference between boys and girls (p = 0.442). Boys with a longstanding disease or disability had higher odds of being in the frequent pain group (OR 2.167, 95% CI 1.168-4.020). Higher scores on health-related quality of life in all five domains for girls, and in two domains for boys, was associated with lower odds of being categorized into the frequent pain group. Frequent pain was associated with poor sleep quality (boys OR 2.533, 95% CI 1.243-5.162; girls OR 2.803, 95% CI 1.276-6.158) and more sedentary time (boys weekends OR 1.131, 95% CI 1.022-1.253; girls weekdays OR 1.137, 95% CI 1.032-1.253), but not with physical activity.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of frequent pain needs to be acknowledged and treated by school health-care services and the healthcare sector in order to prevent pain from influencing health and lifestyle factors negatively in children.
|
|
| 36. |
- Malmborg, Julia, PhD, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Pain and its association with health-related quality of life, sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 10-year-old children from a Swedish birth cohort
- 2022
-
In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81:Suppl. 1, s. 988-988
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pain in children may be underreported and undertreated today, but due to methodological variations, pain prevalence is difficult to determine. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent pediatric pain is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and other lifestyle habits. There is a need for an increased understanding of pain in children.ObjectivesTo study pain prevalence and cross-sectional associations between pain, HRQoL, sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 10-year-old children from a Swedish birth cohort.MethodsThe Swedish birth cohort the “Halland Health and Growth Study” (H2GS) recruited 2860 children at birth (2007–2009). At 10 years of age the children answered questionnaires regarding pain (mannequin with 20 regions, frequency never–daily for each region) and HRQoL (Kidscreen-27, 27 questions, 5 domains scored worst–best). Parents estimated their child’s sleep (6–8, 9, or 10–12 hours/night), physical activity time, and sedentary time (hours/weekdays and hours/weekends respectively). Children were categorized into the groups of “infrequent pain” (never–monthly pain) or “frequent pain” (weekly–almost daily pain) from the highest reported pain frequency from at least one body region. Differences in pain prevalence between boys and girls were analyzed with chi2-test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations between frequent pain (dependent variable) and HRQoL, sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior (independent variables). Each variable was adjusted for sex.Results733 children (351 boys and 382 girls) answered pain and HRQoL questions at 10 years of age. Frequent pain was reported by 37% (boys 35% vs. girls 39%, p=0.267). The number of frequent pain regions ranged from 1–13 in boys and 1–20 in girls. Higher HRQoL in the domains physical wellbeing (OR 0.965; 95%CI 0.948–0.983; p<0.001), psychological wellbeing (OR 0.971; 95%CI 0.955–0.987; p<0.001), autonomy and parents (OR 0.971; 95%CI 0.954–0.988; p=0.001), peers and social support (OR 0.977; 95%CI 0.961–0.994; p=0.007), and school environment (OR 0.972; 95%CI 0.956–0.989; p=0.002) was associated with less risk of belonging to the frequent pain group. More sedentary time in weekdays (OR 1.107; 95%CI 1.028–1.192; p=0.007) and weekends (OR 1.122; 95%CI 1.037–1.215; p=0.004) was associated with having frequent pain, but no associations were found between frequent pain and the amount of physical activity or sleep.ConclusionThe high prevalence of frequent pain in 10-year-old children must receive attention by the school and health-care services. The association between frequent pain and low HRQoL is troublesome. Improving HRQoL and reducing sedentary time is beneficial for children’s health, but further studies are needed to follow associations over time.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Roswall, Josefine, et al.
(author)
-
Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life
- 2021
-
In: Cell Host & Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 29:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gut is inhabited by a densely populated ecosystem, the gut microbiota, that is established at birth. However, the succession by which different bacteria are incorporated into the gut microbiota is still relatively unknown. Here, we analyze the microbiota from 471 Swedish children followed from birth to 5 years of age, collecting samples after 4 and 12 months and at 3 and 5 years of age as well as from their mothers at birth using 16S rRNA gene profiling. We also compare their microbiota to an adult Swedish population. Genera follow 4 different colonization patterns during establishment where Methanobrevibacter and Christensenellaceae colonize late and do not reached adult levels at 5 years. These late colonizers correlate with increased alpha diversity in both children and adults. By following the children through age-specific community types, we observe that children have individual dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory.
|
|
| 40. |
- Roswall, Josefine
(author)
-
Fetma och övervikt i barndomen - tidig identifiering av riskfaktorer
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing. Many children become obese during preschool years and stay obese, with lifelong health consequences, such as impaired insulin sensitivity. There is growing evidence that factors during intrauterine life and infancy influence the risk of developing obesity. The aim was to describe early factors in infancy related to childhood obesity. Research questions: Is waist circumference an auxological variable to be used in early childhood and is this variable related to early metabolic markers? Can biomarkers of bone and nutrition during infancy predict the development of childhood obesity and insulin resistance? How is the gut microbiota established during infancy and influenced by nutrition? Is any gut microbiota pattern during infancy associated with subsequent weight gain or the development of childhood obesity? Methodology: Paper 1: A cross-sectional population-based study comprising 4,500 children aged 0-5 years were followed at the child health clinic (CHC) in the County of Halland in 2006. Data on height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were collected from 6-60 months. Reference curves for WC were developed using the Box-Cox-power exponential (BCPE) distribution. Paper 2: Waist circumferences and BMI were investigated in moderately preterm preschool children (n=154), a group known to have increased risk of impaired insulin sensitivity. Paper 3 and 4: 388 healthy children were followed from birth to three years of age. Blood and stool samples were collected (cord, at 4, 12 and 36 months). Parents filled in questionnaires regarding hereditary, social factors and feeding preferences and anthropometric data was collected at the CHC. Fecal samples (n=100 at birth, 4 and 12 months) were analyzed with whole genome shotgun sequencing. Results: Swedish reference curves for WC and waist to height ratio for preschool children were constructed and found comparable to contemporary curves from Germany. Waist to height ratio declined from birth and reached a mean less than 0.5 first at five years of age. A cohort of moderately preterm children was compared to the new reference curves and were found to have an increased WC at 2 years of age despite being lean. In healthy children, multivariate regression analysis showed that neonatal levels of osteocalcin and vitamin D were predictors of body composition at three years of age. Early feeding patterns influenced levels of bone markers and BMI development. The early development of gut microbiota in 100 of the above mentioned children was described from birth to 12 months and compared with the gut microbiome of the mother. The gut microbiota evolved from low abundance to a more adult-like microbiota at one year of age and the early establishment was influenced by feeding patterns. Conclusion: We investigated the longitudinal development of obesity and found that early nutrition correlated to factors like gut microbiota, bone markers, insulin and leptin sensitivity as well as BMI and WC in early childhood.
|
|
| 41. |
- Roswall, Josefine, et al.
(author)
-
Overweight at four years of age in a Swedish birth cohort: influence of neighbourhood-level purchasing power
- 2016
-
In: BMC Public Health. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A number of child/parental factors have been shown to be significant predictors of childhood overweight, although a better understanding of possible contextual influences of neighbourhood-level characteristics might provide new insights leading to tailored, targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of neighbourhood purchasing power and its relationship with other known risk factors related to childhood overweight in a prospective birth cohort. METHODS: A prospective, population-based, birth-cohort study was conducted in south-western Sweden, comprising 2,666 infants born in 2007-2008. Childhood overweight was assessed by body mass index (BMI) data from follow-up examinations at four years of age (n=2,026) and overweight defined according to the International Obesity Task Force. Using logistic regression analysis, the influential child/parental predictors were identified from the candidate predictors, viz. child's gender, as well as birth weight adjusted for gestational age and parental factors at recruitment, including maternal smoking status, maternal BMI (before pregnancy), paternal BMI and parental educational level. The children's residential parishes at follow-up were stratified by parish-level household purchasing power (<10 %, 10-19.9 %, 20-29.9 % and ≥30 % of all resident families with low purchasing power) and the "contextual" influence was analysed. In each such neighbourhood stratum, the adjusted overweight ratio (AOR), i.e. the ratio between the observed number of overweight children and the expected number, taking account of the influential child/parental predictors, was estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight at four years of age was 11.9 %. In the economically strongest neighbourhoods (i.e. <10 % of resident families with low purchasing power), the AOR was 0.60 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.98). The corresponding empirically Bayes-adjusted AOR was 0.73 (95 % CI: 0.46-1.02; 97 % posterior probability of AOR<1). In the other neighbourhood strata, the statistical evidence of a deviant AOR was weaker. CONCLUSION: The economically strongest neighbourhoods had a lower prevalence than expected of overweight at four years of age. This finding should prompt studies to acquire more knowledge of potentially modifiable factors that differ between neighbourhoods and are related to childhood overweight, providing a basis for tailored, targeted interventions.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Roswall, Josefine, et al.
(author)
-
Preschool children born moderately preterm have increased waist circumference at two years of age despite low body mass index
- 2012
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:11, s. 1175-1181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the development of waist circumference (WC) in preschool children born preterm compared with a population-based reference.BACKGROUND: Children born preterm are reported to be insulin resistant, despite being lean during early childhood. We hypothesize that the mechanism is through increased visceral adiposity.METHODS: Data from 4446 preschool children (2169 girls/2277 boys) born in 2001-2006 from a population-based study were compared with longitudinal measurements of body mass index (BMI) and WC from a cohort of 152 children (64 girls/88 boys) born moderately preterm in 2002-2004 (gestational age, 32-37 weeks).RESULTS: In the preterm children, the mean WC was 2.8 cm larger compared with the reference group (p < 0.001) at 2 years of age but not at 5 years of age. There was no significant difference in the mean BMI at 2 years of age. The preterm group was significantly leaner at 5 years of age, with a mean BMI of 15.13 compared with 15.98 in the reference group (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Children born moderately preterm present as lean during early childhood but have an increased waist circumference in infancy, pointing towards a change in fat distribution with more abdominal fat. This may have implications for their metabolic status.
|
|
| 44. |
- Twetman, S., et al.
(author)
-
Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries
- 2020
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:12, s. 2472-2478
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim The aim was to examine the association between moderate to late preterm birth and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Methods We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trials Register databases up to February 28, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries by gestational age. Results The authors identified 14 studies covering 210,691 children. They were published from 2007-2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case-control studies. We assessed eight of them as having low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence was 48.8% among children born moderate to late preterm compared to 20.5% for those born full term. The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.89;P < .001). The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis displayed a significantly higher prevalence of early childhood caries in children born moderate to late preterm compared to full term children. The finding suggests that the gestational age should be collected as a risk factor in the paediatric dental records.
|
|
