| 1. |
- Andersson, C. K., et al.
(author)
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Uncontrolled asthmatics have increased FceRI+ and TGF-β–positive MCTC mast cells and collagen VI in the alveolar parenchyma
- 2018
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In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894. ; 48:3, s. 266-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Asthma has been associated with increased collagen deposition in both conducting airways and alveolar parenchyma. Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells in asthma and have the ability to affect collagen synthesis. However, the link between clinical control and changes in bronchial and alveolar MC phenotypes and specific collagens in controlled and uncontrolled asthma remains unknown. Objective: To investigate MC phenotypes in correlation with deposition of specific collagen subtypes in patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma as well as to healthy controls. Methods: The tissue expression of IgE+, FcεRI+ and TGF-β+ MCs, as well as immunoreactivity of collagen I, III and VI, was assessed using immunohistochemistry on bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from controlled asthmatics (n = 9), uncontrolled asthmatics (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 8). Results: In the alveolar parenchyma, the total number of MCs, as well as the number of FcεRI+ MCs and pro-fibrotic TGF-β+ MCTC, was significantly increased in uncontrolled asthma compared to both controlled asthma and healthy controls. The proportion of TGF-β+ MCTC correlated positively to an increased immunoreactivity of alveolar collagen VI but not collagen I and III. Collagen VI was increased in the alveolar parenchyma of uncontrolled asthmatics compared to controlled asthmatics. Controlled asthmatics had an increased deposition of alveolar collagen I. In bronchi, the immunoreactivity of collagen I was increased in both controlled and uncontrolled asthmatics while collagen III was increased only in controlled asthmatics. Conclusions: Patients with uncontrolled atopic asthma have an altered pro-fibrotic MCTC phenotype in the alveolar parenchyma that is associated with alveolar collagen VI. The present data thus support distal lung mast cell and matrix changes as histopathological features of asthma that may be of particular clinical relevance in patients who have remaining symptoms despite conventional inhaler therapy.
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| 4. |
- Björnsson, Einar, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Long-term follow-up of patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation in Sweden: impact of structured management on recidivism
- 2005
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In: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - 0036-5521. ; 40:2, s. 206-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: No systematic evaluation has been performed previously in the Scandinavian countries on patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Data are limited on the impact of structured management of the alcohol problem on the risk of recidivism following transplantation in ALD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 103 ALD patients were compared with a control group of patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (NALD). The recidivism rates for ALD patients transplanted between 1988 and 1997 as well as after 1998 (institution of structured management) were compared. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 31 (6-60) months in the ALD group and 37 (12-63) months in the control group (NS). The overall survival rates at 1- and 5 years were, respectively, 81% and 69% for the ALD group and 87% and 83% for the non-alcoholic group. The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh C (75%) was higher in ALD patients than in NALD patients (44%) (p<0.01). Thirty-two (33%) ALD patients resumed taking some alcohol after transplantation; 17 patients (18%) were heavy drinkers. A multivariate analysis showed that: sex, age, marital and employment status, benzodiazepine use and a history of illicit drug abuse did not predict the risk of alcohol relapse post-Tx. Nineteen out of 40 (48%) patients transplanted before the start of structured management had resumed alcohol but 13 (22%) out of 58 after this intervention (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: ALD is a good indication for liver transplantation, with similar results in the ALD patients. Structured management of the alcohol problem before and after transplantation is important in minimizing the risk of recidivism.
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| 5. |
- Boström, K., et al.
(author)
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Langban - Exhalative Sedimentary Deposit
- 1979
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In: Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. - : Society of Economic Geologists. - 0361-0128 .- 1554-0774. ; 74:5, s. 1002-1011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemical, mineralogical, and isotope analyses of hausmannite, braunite, and hematite ores from Laangban, Sweden, show that the precursor of this deposit has several similarities in its mineralogy, chemistry, and oxidation state with many deposits of Devonian and Recent ages, such as some deposits in Kazakhstan, in the Red Sea hot brine depressions, and in the East Pacific Rise. Possibly Rammelsberg, Meggen, Franklin Furnace, and Sterling Hill also belong to this type of deposit, for which an exhalative-sedimentary origin is proposed.
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| 6. |
- Bölükbas, Deniz, et al.
(author)
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Preclinical evidence for the role of stem/stromal cells in COPD
- 2019. - 1
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In: Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Lung Disease. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030294021 - 9783030294038 ; , s. 73-96
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and there are currently limited treatment options for these patients. The disease is characterized by a reduction in airflow due to chronic bronchitis, as well as airspace enlargement in the distal lung, resulting in a loss of surface area available for gas exchange. At end-stage disease, oxygen therapy and lung transplantation remain the only potential options. The disease is heterogeneous and both inflammatory cells as well as structural cells are thought to play a role in disease onset and progression. Pharmaceutical approaches are ineffective at reversing disease pathology and currently aim only to provide symptomatic relief. A recent area of investigation focuses on exogenous cell therapy, including stem cell administration, and its potential for directing lung regeneration. Cell therapies from a variety of sources, as well as cell-derived products such as extracellular vesicles, have recently shown efficacy in animal models of COPD, but early clinical trials have not yet shown efficacy. In this chapter, we discuss the different animal models of COPD as well as the studies which have been conducted to date with cell therapies. We conclude the chapter with a discussion regarding the limitations of current animal models and discuss potential areas for future study.
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| 7. |
- Filiou, A, et al.
(author)
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Development of Sensitization to Multiple Allergen Molecules from Preschool to School Age Is Related to Asthma
- 2022
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In: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 183:6, s. 628-639
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Allergic sensitization in early life has been identified as a strong risk factor for subsequent asthma in childhood. It is still unclear why only a part of sensitized children develop asthma, and the role of specific allergen molecules in asthma pathogenesis is ambiguous [<i>Pharmacol Ther</i>. 2009 Feb;121(2):174–84]. We assessed the sensitization to multiple allergen molecules longitudinally and explored its relation to persistent asthma at 7 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-two children included during an acute wheezing episode (cases) were followed prospectively from early preschool age (EPA) to age 7, and compared to 43 healthy controls at EPA. Allergen molecules were analyzed at EPA and age 7 using ImmunoCAP Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC). Asthma diagnosis at 7 years was based on symptoms, medication, and spirometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At EPA, cases compared to controls showed a tendency toward having a higher prevalence of allergic sensitization (23.6% vs. 9.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.055). The prevalence of sensitization increased in cases from EPA to 7 years (23.6% vs. 38.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.048) as well as the median number (range) of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactive molecules 3 (3–14) versus 6.5 (1–21); <i>p</i> = 0.024. Sensitization to each additional molecule from EPA to the age of 7 was significantly related to asthma at 7 (OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.54]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Polysensitization, assessed by allergen molecules, had a significant impact on persistent asthma at school age. The extent of sensitization, illustrated by molecular spreading from preschool to school age, was related to asthma diagnosis at 7 years in children with a history of wheezing at early life.
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| 9. |
- Le, Ngai Kien, et al.
(author)
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High prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative carbapenem resistant strains in Vietnamese pediatric ICUs A multi-centre point prevalence survey
- 2016
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In: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 95:27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is scarce information regarding hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) among children in resource-constrained settings. This study aims to measure prevalence of HAIs in Vietnamese pediatric hospitals. Monthly point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in 6 pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in 3 referral hospitals during 1 year. A total of 1363 cases (1143 children) were surveyed, 59.9% male, average age 11 months. Admission sources were: other hospital 49.3%, current hospital 36.5%, and community 15.3%. Reasons for admission were: infectious disease (66%), noninfectious (20.8%), and surgery/trauma (11.3%). Intubation rate was 47.8%, central venous catheter 29.4%, peripheral venous catheter 86.2%, urinary catheter 14.6%, and hemodialysis/filtration 1.7%. HAI was diagnosed in 33.1% of the cases: pneumonia (52.2%), septicemia (26.4%), surgical site infection (2%), and necrotizing enterocolitis (2%). Significant risk factors for HAI included age under 7 months, intubation and infection at admission. Microbiological findings were reported in 212 cases (43%) with 276 isolates: 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 46 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 39 Acinetobacter baumannii, with carbapenem resistance detected in 55%, 71%, and 65%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 18 cases, with 81% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Most children (87.6%) received antibiotics, with an average of 1.6 antibiotics per case. Colistin was administered to 96 patients, 93% with HAI and 49% with culture confirmed carbapenem resistance. The high prevalence of HAI with carbapenem resistant gram-negative strains and common treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and colistin suggests that interventions are needed to prevent HAI and to optimize antibiotic use.
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| 10. |
- Modin Larsson, Malin, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Antibody prevalence and titer to norovirus (genogroup II) correlate with secretor (FUT2) but not with ABO phenotype or Lewis (FUT3) genotype
- 2006
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In: J Infect Dis. - : Oxford University Press. ; 194:10, s. 1422-1427
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Histo-blood group antigens and secretor status have been associated with susceptibility to Norovirus infections, which suggests that antibody prevalence and titer might correlate with these phenotypes. METHODS: Plasma samples (n = 105) from Swedish blood donors that had been genotyped for secretor (FUT2) and Lewis (Le; FUT3) genotypes and phenotyped for ABO and Le blood groups were analyzed for immunoglobulin G antibody prevalence and titers to norovirus genogroup (GG) II.4. RESULTS: The results showed that nonsecretors (se4128se428) and Lea+b- individuals not only had significantly lower antibody titers than did secretors (P < .0001) and Lea-b+ individuals (P < .0002) but were also significantly more often antibody negative (P < .05). Antibody titers in secretors were not significantly different between individuals of different Le (FUT3) genotypes or different ABO phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsecretors and Lea+b- individuals are significantly less prone to be infected with GGII noroviruses. This new information extends previous knowledge and supports the hypothesis that nonsecretors are relatively but not absolutely resistant to norovirus infections.
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| 14. |
- Rydell, Emil, et al.
(author)
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LEVELS OF IL-6 AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS IN EARLY RA PREDICT JOINT DAMAGE PROGRESSION OVER 5 YEARS
- 2022
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 81:Suppl. 1, s. 504-505
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant problem. Identification of biomarkers associated with joint destruction can improve our understanding of underlying disease processes and future management.Objectives To evaluate inflammatory proteins as potential predictors of radiographic progression of joint damage.Methods Consecutive early RA patients (symptom duration 0.50 were investigated as potential predictors of radiographic progression. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess associations with rapid radiographic progression (RRP; ≥5 SHS/year) and progression of SHS over 5 years.Results Data on baseline levels of proteins, and radiographs at baseline and 5 years were available for 114 patients. The median progression of SHS was 11 (interquartile 2-19). For potential biomarkers with an a priori hypothesis, IL-6 significantly predicted both RRP and progression of SHS over 5 years analyzed as a continuous variable [adjusted ß = 0.09 per SD, p=0.032, adjusted for rheumatoid factor (RF) and baseline SHS]. A significant positive association for matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) was observed in the unadjusted analysis for SHS progression, but not for RRP (Table 1). In the exploratory analyses, S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (EN-RAGE) was positively, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) negatively associated with both outcomes.Conclusion Plasma levels of IL-6 at RA diagnosis predict degree of future joint damage. EN-RAGE and TRAIL, both modulators of NF-κB which is known to regulate immune response, are potential biomarkers that need further investigation.
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| 16. |
- Ståhle, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Designguide för Smarta gator
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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