| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Kaptoge, S., et al.
(author)
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World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions
- 2019
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In: Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 7:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. Methods In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol. For derivation, we included participants aged 40-80 years without a known baseline history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed up until the first myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or stroke event. We recalibrated models using age-specific and sex-specific incidences and risk factor values available from 21 global regions. For external validation, we analysed individual participant data from studies distinct from those used in model derivation. We illustrated models by analysing data on a further 123 743 individuals from surveys in 79 countries collected with the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. Findings Our risk model derivation involved 376 177 individuals from 85 cohorts, and 19 333 incident cardiovascular events recorded during 10 years of follow-up. The derived risk prediction models discriminated well in external validation cohorts (19 cohorts, 1 096 061 individuals, 25 950 cardiovascular disease events), with Harrell's C indices ranging from 0.685 (95% CI 0 . 629-0 741) to 0.833 (0 . 783-0- 882). For a given risk factor profile, we found substantial variation across global regions in the estimated 10-year predicted risk. For example, estimated cardiovascular disease risk for a 60-year-old male smoker without diabetes and with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg and total cholesterol of 5 mmol/L ranged from 11% in Andean Latin America to 30% in central Asia. When applied to data from 79 countries (mostly low-income and middle-income countries), the proportion of individuals aged 40-64 years estimated to be at greater than 20% risk ranged from less than 1% in Uganda to more than 16% in Egypt. Interpretation We have derived, calibrated, and validated new WHO risk prediction models to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions. The widespread use of these models could enhance the accuracy, practicability, and sustainability of efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Chumak, A. V., et al.
(author)
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Advances in Magnetics Roadmap on Spin-Wave Computing
- 2022
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In: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. - 0018-9464. ; 58:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Magnonics addresses the physical properties of spin waves and utilizes them for data processing. Scalability down to atomic dimensions, operation in the GHz-to-THz frequency range, utilization of nonlinear and nonreciprocal phenomena, and compatibility with CMOS are just a few of many advantages offered by magnons. Although magnonics is still primarily positioned in the academic domain, the scientific and technological challenges of the field are being extensively investigated, and many proof-of-concept prototypes have already been realized in laboratories. This roadmap is a product of the collective work of many authors that covers versatile spin-wave computing approaches, conceptual building blocks, and underlying physical phenomena. In particular, the roadmap discusses the computation operations with Boolean digital data, unconventional approaches like neuromorphic computing, and the progress towards magnon-based quantum computing. The article is organized as a collection of sub-sections grouped into seven large thematic sections. Each sub-section is prepared by one or a group of authors and concludes with a brief description of current challenges and the outlook of further development for each research direction. Author
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| 7. |
- Lozeva, R. L., et al.
(author)
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New sub-us Isomers in 125Sn, 127Sn, 129Sn and Isomer Systematics of 124-130Sn
- 2008
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 77:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New sub-mu s isomers have been observed in the neutron-rich Sn isotopes. Sn-125,Sn-127,Sn-129 nuclei have been produced in a relativistic fission reaction of U-238 on a Be-9 target at 750 A.MeV and by the fragmentation of Xe-136 at 600 A.MeV populating high-spin yrast states. In addition to the already known mu s isomers, three new ones with sub-mu s half-lives have been observed. These yrast isomers are the high-spin members of the nu(d(3/2)(-1)h(11/2)(-2)) and nu h(11/2)(-n), seniority v = 3 multiplets leading to isomeric (23/2(+)) and (27/2(-)) states, respectively. Added to the already known 19/2(+)mu s isomers in this region the current work completes the systematic information of neutron-hole excitations toward the filling of the last h(11/2) orbital at N = 82. The results are discussed in the framework of state-of-the-art shell-model calculations using realistic interactions.
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| 8. |
- Neyens, G., et al.
(author)
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g-Factor Measurements on Relativistic Isomeric Beams Produced by Fragmentation and U-fission: The g-RISING Project at GSI
- 2007
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In: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1237-1247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations @ GSI) Collaboration at GSI, g factor measurements have been performed on isomeric states in neutron-rich isotopes approaching Sn-132 and in the neutron deficient Pb-region (the g-RISING campaign). We present the experimental technique and some typical aspects related to such studies on relativistic beams selected with the FRS fragment separator. First results are presented for the (19/2(+)) 4.5 mu s isomeric state in Sn-127, which has been produced by means of fission of a relativistic U-238 beam on the one hand, and by the fragmentation of a relativistic Xe-136 beam on the other hand. Spin-alignment has been observed in both reactions. It was the first time that spin-alignment has been established in a relativistic fission reaction.
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| 9. |
- Bark, R A, et al.
(author)
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Coexistence of triaxial and prolate shapes in Ir-171
- 1999
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 657:2, s. 113-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states in Ir-171 have been observed for the first time. Gamma-rays were assigned to the nucleus by the recoil-decay tagging method, The ground-state band has a structure consistent with an h(11/2) proton coupled to a core of large triaxial deformation. At high spins, a bandcrossing occurs which is interpreted as a change in shape to a prolate deformation, Band-mixing calculations are performed for Ir171-175. These show that shape-coexistence between triaxial and prolate states in these nuclei follows the same systematics found in their Pt and Os neighbours. The systematics are also compared with deformations calculated for Ir171-179 using the code "Ultimate Cranker". Dipole bands were also observed, but tilted axis cranking calculations suggest that they are associated with a collective rotation.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Fahlander, Claes, et al.
(author)
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Excited States in 103Sn: Neutron Single-particle Energies with Respect to 100Sn
- 2001
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 63:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gamma-ray lines from Sn-103 have been identified for the first time using EUROBALL and ancillary detectors. The level scheme of Sn-103 has been established by means of particle-gated gamma gamma coincidences. The energy spacing between the g(7/2) and d(5/2) neutron single-particle orbitals is determined from the excited states in Sn-103.
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| 12. |
- Kishida, T., et al.
(author)
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High-spin isomeric beam line
- 2002
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 484:03-jan, s. 45-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A high-spin isomeric beam line has been constructed at RIKEN based on the inverse kinematics of fusion-evaporation reactions. The beam line provides high-spin isomers as secondary beams, whose intensity is more than 10(5) sec(-1). The characteristics and the present status of the beam line are described.
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| 13. |
- Palacz, M., et al.
(author)
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Investigations of Neutron Deficient Nuclei Close to 100Sn with EUROBALL
- 2001
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In: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 32, s. 999-1003
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states of nuclei in the vicinity of Sn-100 have been studied using: the EUROBALL detector array. Gamma-ray lines from Sn-103 have been identified for the first time, and a level scheme of low-lying excited states of Sn-103 has been established. New constraints on energies of single particle orbitals with respect to the Sn-100 core are obtained.
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| 14. |
- Ejiri, M.K., et al.
(author)
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Validation of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II) Version 1.4 nitrous oxide and methane profiles
- 2006
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 111:D22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study assesses polar stratospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and methane (CH(4)) data from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) retrieved by the Version 1.4 retrieval algorithm. The data were measured between January and October 2003. Vertical profiles of ILAS-II volume mixing ratio (VMR) data are compared with data from two balloon-borne instruments, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B) and the MkIV instrument, as well as with two satellite sensors, the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) for N(2)O and the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for CH(4). Relative percentage differences between the ILAS-II and balloon/satellite data and their median values are calculated in 10-ppbv-wide bins for N(2)O (from 0 to 400 ppbv) and in 0.05-ppmv-wide bins for CH(4) (from 0 to 2 ppmv) in order to assess systematic differences between the ILAS-II and balloon/satellite data. According to this study, the characteristics of the ILAS-II Version 1.4 N(2)O and CH(4) data differ between hemispheres. For ILAS-II N(2)O VMR larger than 250 ppbv, the ILAS-II N(2)O agrees with the balloon/SMR N(2)O within +/- 20% in both hemispheres. The ILAS-II N(2)O in the VMR range from 30-50 to 250 ppbv (corresponding to altitudes of similar to 17-30 km in the Northern Hemisphere (NH, mainly outside the polar vortex) and similar to 13-21 km in the Southern Hemisphere (SH, mainly inside the polar vortex) is smaller by similar to 10-30% than the balloon/SMR N(2)O. For ILAS-II N(2)O VMR smaller than 30 ppbv (>similar to 21 km) in the SH, the differences between the ILAS-II and SMR N(2)O are within +/- 10 ppbv. For ILAS-II CH(4) VMR larger than 1 ppmv (similar to 30 km) and the ILAS-II CH(4) for its VMR smaller than 1 ppmv (>similar to 25 km) only in the NH, are abnormally small compared to the balloon/satellite data.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ichii, Kazuhito, et al.
(author)
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New data-driven estimation of terrestrial CO2 fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression
- 2017
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953. ; 122:4, s. 767-795
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lack of a standardized database of eddy covariance observations has been an obstacle for data-driven estimation of terrestrial CO2 fluxes in Asia. In this study, we developed such a standardized database using 54 sites from various databases by applying consistent postprocessing for data-driven estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Data-driven estimation was conducted by using a machine learning algorithm: support vector regression (SVR), with remote sensing data for 2000 to 2015 period. Site-level evaluation of the estimated CO2 fluxes shows that although performance varies in different vegetation and climate classifications, GPP and NEE at 8days are reproduced (e.g., r2=0.73 and 0.42 for 8day GPP and NEE). Evaluation of spatially estimated GPP with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 sensor-based Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence shows that monthly GPP variations at subcontinental scale were reproduced by SVR (r2=1.00, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.89 for Siberia, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, respectively). Evaluation of spatially estimated NEE with net atmosphere-land CO2 fluxes of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Level 4A product shows that monthly variations of these data were consistent in Siberia and East Asia; meanwhile, inconsistency was found in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, differences in the land CO2 fluxes from SVR-NEE and GOSAT Level 4A were partially explained by accounting for the differences in the definition of land CO2 fluxes. These data-driven estimates can provide a new opportunity to assess CO2 fluxes in Asia and evaluate and constrain terrestrial ecosystem models.
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| 17. |
- Kataoka, T., et al.
(author)
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Ferromagnetism in ZnO co-doped with Mn and N studied by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
- 2011
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 99:13, s. 132508-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated the electronic structure of ZnO:Mn and ZnO:Mn,N thin films using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and resonance-photoemission spectroscopy. From the Mn 2p -> 3d XMCD results, it is shown that, while XMCD signals only due to paramagnetic Mn(2+) ions were observed in ZnO:Mn, nonmagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic Mn(2+) ions coexist in ZnO:Mn,N. XMCD signals of ZnO:Mn,N revealed that the localized Mn(2+) ground state and Mn(2+) state hybridized with ligand hole coexisted, implying p-d exchange coupling. In the valence-band spectra, spectral weight near the Fermi level was suppressed, suggesting that interaction between magnetic moments in ZnO:Mn,N has localized nature.
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| 18. |
- Kobayashi, M., et al.
(author)
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Hybridization between the conduction band and 3d orbitals in the oxide-based diluted magnetic semiconductor In2-xVxO3
- 2009
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 79:20, s. 205203-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electronic structure of In2-xVxO3 (x=0.08) has been investigated by photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The V 2p core-level photoemission and XAS spectra revealed that the V ion is in the trivalent state, which is the same valence state as that of In in In2O3. The V 3d partial density of states obtained by the resonant photoemission technique showed a sharp peak above the O 2p band. While the O 1s XAS spectrum of In2-xVxO3 was similar to that of In2O3, there were differences in the In 3p and 3d XAS spectra between the V-doped and pure In2O3. The observations give clear evidence for hybridization between the In-derived conduction band and the V 3d orbitals in In2-xVxO3.
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| 19. |
- Liu, B. Y., et al.
(author)
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Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family
- 2017
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 7:16, s. 6346-6357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our objective was to elucidate the biogeography and speciation patterns in an entire avian family, which shows a complex pattern of overlapping and nonoverlapping geographical distributions, and much variation in plumage, but less in size and structure. We estimated the phylogeny and divergence times for all of the world's species of Prunella based on multiple genetic loci, and analyzed morphometric divergence and biogeographical history. The common ancestor of Prunella was present in the Sino-Himalayan Mountains or these mountains and Central Asia-Mongolia more than 9 million years ago (mya), but a burst of speciations took place during the mid-Pliocene to early Pleistocene. The relationships among the six primary lineages resulting from that differentiation are unresolved, probably because of the rapid radiation. A general increase in sympatry with increasing time since divergence is evident. With one exception, species in clades younger than c. 3.7 my are allopatric. Species that are widely sympatric, including the most recently diverged (2.4 mya) sympatric sisters, are generally more divergent in size/structure than allo-/parapatric close relatives. The distributional pattern and inferred ages suggest divergence in allopatry and substantial waiting time until secondary contact, likely due to competitive exclusion. All sympatrically breeding species are ecologically segregated, as suggested by differences in size/structure and habitat. Colonizations of new areas were facilitated during glacialperiods, followed by fragmentation during interglacials-contrary to the usual view that glacial periods resulted mainly in fragmentations.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Saitoh, K, et al.
(author)
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Tectal control of locomotion, steering, and eye movements in lamprey
- 2007
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In: Journal of neurophysiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 97:4, s. 3093-3108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intrinsic function of the brain stem–spinal cord networks eliciting the locomotor synergy is well described in the lamprey—a vertebrate model system. This study addresses the role of tectum in integrating eye, body orientation, and locomotor movements as in steering and goal-directed behavior. Electrical stimuli were applied to different areas within the optic tectum in head-restrained semi-intact lampreys ( n = 40). Motions of the eyes and body were recorded simultaneously (videotaped). Brief pulse trains (<0.5 s) elicited only eye movements, but with longer stimuli (>0.5 s) lateral bending movements of the body (orientation movements) were added, and with even longer stimuli locomotor movements were initiated. Depending on the tectal area stimulated, four characteristic response patterns were observed. In a lateral area conjugate horizontal eye movements combined with lateral bending movements of the body and locomotor movements were elicited, depending on stimulus duration. The amplitude of the eye movement and bending movements was site specific within this region. In a rostromedial area, bilateral downward vertical eye movements occurred. In a caudomedial tectal area, large-amplitude undulatory body movements akin to struggling behavior were elicited, combined with large-amplitude eye movements that were antiphasic to the body movements. The alternating eye movements were not dependent on vestibuloocular reflexes. Finally, in a caudolateral area locomotor movements without eye or bending movements could be elicited. These results show that tectum can provide integrated motor responses of eye, body orientation, and locomotion of the type that would be required in goal-directed locomotion.
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