| 1. |
- Alakukku, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Maatalouden ympäristötuen vaikuttavuuden seurantatutkimus (MYTVAS 3) : loppuraportti
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since 1995, agri-environmental support partly funded by the EU has formed the core of Finland’s agri-environmental policy. This system has had a variety of impacts on the relationship between agriculture and the environment. Today’s agri-environmental support is one of the packages included in the Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland (2007–2013/2014), which both in itself and through the underlying EU legislation requires monitoring of the impacts of the measures implemented. The study monitoring the impact of the 2nd Finnish agri-environmental scheme (MYTVAS 3), which ran from 2008 to 2013, forms part of this monitoring. The MYTVAS 3 monitoring study was also financed by the Ministry of the Environment. The monitoring study was carried out by a consortium coordinated by MTT Agrifood Research Finland and including the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute and the University of Turku.The purpose of the MYTVAS 3 monitoring study was to find out how agri-environmental support and its various measures have affected the state of the environment in agricultural areas, how agri-environmental support has affected the potential for farming and how agri-environmental support should be developed to increase its impact. The monitoring focused on the impacts of agri-environmental support on the nutrient load from agriculture on the waterways and on biodiversity. When evaluating the findings presented, we should remember that while monitoring data shows that something happened, it does not necessarily explain what caused it. It is not always possible to show that particular developments were a specific outcome of the current agri-environmental support system and the implementation of its measures. The delay between a measure and its observed impact is often long, and the cause-and-effect relationships are complicated and partly unknown. Also, other agricultural policy and fluctuations on the market may affect the state of the agricultural environment directly or indirectly.The monitoring data show that agri-environmental support has not had a detrimental impact on the potential for farming. Despite a slight increase in the incidence of weeds, they do not cause problems of the kind that would require amendments to the content of agri-environmental measures. Carbon levels in the surface stratum of arable land seems to be continuing their slow decline, and there is still need for measures to preserve organic material in the soil.Compliance with the fertilisation limits in the agri-environmental support system would seem to have had very little impact on crop quality. Variations in the weight and protein content per hectolitre and per 1,000 seeds were of the same order between 2006 and 2012 as they were between 1995 and 2005. Crop quantities have also not been noticeably affected by compliance with the fertilisation limits. Average crop yields remained stable between 1986 and 2013, and no clearly different crop years were observed in the 2000s. It is possible, however, that the lower fertilisation levels could have lowered crop potential in the years with advantageous weather conditions in the 2000s and that protein contents have been lower in advantageous years.The monitoring data also show that the nutrient load potential of agriculture, measured by nutrient balances, has decreased continuously for nitrogen and particularly for phosphorus. The decrease in the nutrient load potential is due above all to a decrease in the use of synthetic fertilisers. The decline in nitrogen fertilisation has bottomed out in recent years, and low protein levels measured in high crop yield years show that there is no point in further reducing nitrogen fertilisation. Optimising nitrogen fertilisation according to how advantageous the growing season is and effectively using the soluble nitrogen in cattle manure are key measures in achieving reasonable nitrogen balances and good crop quality despite fluctuations in growing season conditions. New crop variants have been found to make more efficient use of nitrogen than old ones, and thus the introduction of new variants should be promoted. Despite the decrease in the nutrient balances, there are indications that nutrient loads in runoff water from domestic animal production sites are becoming an increasing problem. Indeed, the fundamental problem with the nutrient load from agriculture is the diversification of livestock farming and crop farming, which has made it more difficult to use nutrients appropriately. Therefore attention must be paid to measures that both boost the use of nutrients in manure and reduce the levels of nutrients that end up in manure. Based on nutrient load monitoring in the catchment areas of rivers, the phosphorus load per hectare of cropland has decreased in each programme period, being about 80% of the level of the first period (1995–1999) in the third period (2007–2013). Because of the increase in the area of cropland, the nitrogen load on waterways from agriculture continued to grow during the second programme period (2000–2006) but peaked in the third (2007–2013). A similar trend was found in the nitrogen load per hectare of cropland.The most important threat to biodiversity is caused by the development of landscape structure, typically involving a decrease in the number of open or half-open areas excluded from actual cultivation. The consequence of the clearing of margins and ecological islands located in crop fields, drainage measures aimed at increasing arable land and all rationalisation of cultivated areas is the diminishing of exactly those areas that are the most important from the perspective of the biodiversity of the agricultural environment. However, the measure-specific findings in the monitoring study show that biodiversity benefits have been locally achieved where measures have been implemented on a broad enough scale (biodynamic farming, traditional biotopes, wetlands, buffer zones, green fallow / nature management areas). Particular care should therefore be taken that all cultivated land continues to have a sufficient percentage of non-cultivated areas, whether they be natural meadows, nature management areas, biodiversity strips, buffer zones, filter strips, headlands, ecological islands, etc. Including the rather popular nature management areas as a new voluntary measure under basic measures was a significant contribution to biodiversity.Regarding the rural landscape, it may be noted that by visual inspection the area of cropland has remained largely unchanged, at the level of the landscape as a whole it is far more common for the landscape to become more closed than to become more open. This trend was also observed in the visual inspection of traditional biotopes, even if the openness of the meadows monitored largely remained unchanged.The only measures that directly address the reduction of gaseous emissions in the agri-environmental support system are the longterm grass cultivation on peat fields and special aid agreements for slurry injection in cropland. While other measures have indirectly affected gaseous emissions, the impact of agri-environmental support as a whole on reducing gaseous emissions from agriculture has been negligible. In general, we may conclude that the goals, content and support levels of agri-environmental support measures must be increasingly adapted and customised by region, by type of farming and by farm, because both the state of the agricultural environment and the needs of society differ greatly between different types of rural area.
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| 2. |
-
Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth
- 2021
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth offers a systematic examination of Precambrian cratons and supercontinents. Through detailed maps of drift histories and paleogeography of each continent, this book examines topics related to Earth’s tectonic evolution prior to Pangea, including plate kinematics, orogenic development, and paleoenvironments. Additionally, this book discusses the methodologies used, principally paleomagnetism and tectonostratigraphy, and addresses geophysical topics of mantle dynamics and geodynamo evolution over billions of years. Structured clearly with consistent coverage for Precambrian cratons, this book combines state-of-the-art paleomagnetic and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Earth in the context of major climatic events such as global glaciations. It is an ideal, up-to>date reference for geoscientists and geographers looking for answers to questions surrounding the tectonic evolution of Earth.
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| 3. |
- Elming, Sten-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Nuna supercycle
- 2021
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In: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 499-548
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review models of the Precambrian supercontinent Nuna (c.1.80–1.20 Ga) and present a new model of the Nuna life-cycle. We explore the option where Amazonia−West Africa and Congo−São Francisco cratons were not a part of Nuna but form a cluster of cratons named Atlantica. Nuna was finally assembled at c.1.65 Ga, encompassing Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, proto-Australia, North China, and India. The break up of Nuna is here suggested to have started at c.1.3 Ga with Australian cratons moving away from Laurentia. Varying drift rates and length between coeval poles from separate cratons support the operation of modern style plate tectonics during the Nuna supercycle. Moreover, if there was no link between Nuna and the Atlantica cratons, the size of Nuna might not meet the criteria for a supercontinent, but should be regarded as a huge landmass.
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| 4. |
- Evans, David A.D., et al.
(author)
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An expanding list of reliable paleomagnetic poles for Precambrian tectonic reconstructions
- 2021
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In: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 605-639
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a compilation of reliable Precambrian paleomagnetic poles from three successive international workshops (in years 2009, 2014, 2017), comprising paleomagnetists specializing in Precambrian tectonic reconstructions. The working groups compiled lists of two global classes of poles, published through the end of 2017. “Grade-A” results are judged to provide essential constraints on tectonic reconstructions; “Grade-B” poles are judged to be suggestive of high-quality, but not yet demonstrated to be primary, or perhaps lacking precise geochronologic or other constraints. Our catalog documents a resurgence of high-quality data acquisition in recent years, and highlights specific cratons and time intervals that are most lacking in the data needed to reconstruct those blocks through supercontinental cycles.
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| 5. |
- Gong, Zheng, et al.
(author)
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Paleomagnetism, magnetic anisotropy and U-Pb baddeleyite geochronology of the early Neoproterozoic Blekinge-Dalarna dolerite dykes, Sweden
- 2018
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In: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 317, s. 14-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paleogeographic proximity of Baltica and Laurentia in the supercontinent Rodinia has been widely accepted. However, robust paleomagnetic poles are still scarce, hampering quantitative tests of proposed relative positions of the two cratons. A recent paleomagnetic study of the early Neoproterozoic Blekinge-Dalarna dolerite (BDD) dykes in Sweden provided a 946–935 Ma key pole for Baltica, but earlier studies on other BDD dykes discerned large variances in paleomagnetic directions that appeared to indicate more complicated motion of Baltica, or alternatively, unusual geodynamo behavior in early Neoproterozoic time. We present combined paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, magnetic fabric and geochronological studies on BDD dykes in the Dalarna region, southern Sweden. Positive baked-contact and paleosecular variation tests support the reliability of the 951–935 Ma key pole (Plat = −2.6°N, Plon = 239.6°E, A95 = 5.8° N = 12 dykes); and the ancient magnetic field was likely a stable geocentric axial dipole at that time, based on a positive reversal test. Detailed analysis of the 947 Ma Nornäs dyke, one of the dykes previously showing anomalous directions, suggests a partial viscous remagnetization. Therefore, the observed large variances in nearly coeval BDD dykes are suspected to result from present-day overprints that were not adequately removed in earlier studies. In addition, we obtained a 971 Ma virtual geomagnetic pole (Plat = −27.0°N, Plon = 230.4°E, A95 = 14.9° N = 4 dykes) for Baltica. Comparing similar-aged poles from Laurentia, we suggest that Baltica and Laurentia drifted together from high to low latitude between 970–960 Ma and 950–935 Ma, and returned back to high latitude by 920–870 Ma. In this scenario, the apparent polar wander paths of Baltica and Laurentia may be more complicated than the previously proposed, solitary Sveconorwegian and Grenville loops. The new U-Pb baddeleyite ages do not support BDD dykes as a giant circumferential swarm generated by a mantle plume, and the prolonged timespan of dyke intrusion is likely associated with the plate boundary forces as causing gravitational extension at the waning stage of the Sveconorwegian orogeny.
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| 6. |
- Luttinen, Arto, et al.
(author)
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Age, geochemistry, and origin of the mid-Proterozoic Häme mafic dyke swarm, southern Finland
- 2022
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In: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. - : The Geological Society of Finland. - 0367-5211 .- 1799-4632. ; 94, s. 75-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have reappraised the age and composition of the mid-Proterozoic Flame dyke swarm in southern Finland. The dominant trend of the dykes of this swarm is NW to WNW. Petrographic observations and geochemical data indicate uniform, tholeiitic low-Mg parental magmas for all of the dykes. Nevertheless, the variability in incompatible trace element ratios, such as Zr/Y and La/Nb, provides evidence of changing mantle melting conditions and variable crustal contamination. Our ID-TIMS 207Pb/206Pb ages for four low-Zr/Y-type dykes indicate emplacement at 1639 ± 3 Ma, whereas the most reliable previously published ages suggest emplacement of the high-Zr/Y-type dykes at 1642 ± 2 Ma. We propose that the Hame dyke swarm, and possibly also the other mid-Proterozoic mafic dyke swarms in southern Finland, records a progressive decrease in Zr/Y values due to magma generation under developing areas of thinned lithosphere. We consider that the formation of mafic magmas was most probably associated with the upwelling of hot convective mantle in an extensional setting possibly related to the nearby Gothian orogeny. The generation of tholeiitic magmas below continental lithosphere was probably promoted by the elevated mantle temperature underneath the Nuna supercontinent. We speculate that the origin of most of the relatively small mid-Proterozoic mafic dyke swarms, anorthosites, rapakivi granites, and associated rocks found across Nuna was similarly triggered by extensional plate tectonics and the convection of anomalous hot upper mantle below the supercontinent.
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| 7. |
- Meert, Joseph G., et al.
(author)
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The magnificent seven : A proposal for modest revision of the Van der Voo (1990) quality index
- 2020
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In: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 790
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty years ago, Rob Van der Voo proposed an elegant and simple system for evaluating the quality of paleomagnetic data. As a second-year Ph.D. student, the lead author remembers Rob waxing philosophical about the need to have an appropriate, but not overly rigid evaluation system. The end result was a 7-point system that assigned a (1) or (0) for any paleomagnetic result based on objective criteria. The goal was never to reject or blindly accept any particular result, but merely to indicate the degree of quality for any paleomagnetic pole. At the time, the global paleomagnetic database was burgeoning and it was deemed useful to rank older paleomagnetic results with the newer data being developed in modern laboratories. Van der Voo's, 1990 paper launched a silent revolution in paleomagnetism. Researchers began to evaluate their data against those seven criteria with the anticipation that reviewers would be similarly critical.Today, paleomagnetism is a mature science. Our methods, analyses, and results are more sophisticated than they were 30 years ago. Therefore, we feel it is appropriate to revisit the Van der Voo (1990) criteria in light of those developments. We hope to honor the intention of the original paper by keeping the criteria simple and easy to evaluate while also acknowledging the advances in science. This paper aims to update the criteria and modernize the process. We base our changes on advances in paleomagnetism and geochronology with a faithful adherence to the simplicity of the original publication. We offer the “Reliability” or “R” index as the next generation of the Van der Voo “Quality” or “Q” index. The new R-criteria evaluate seven different information items for each paleomagnetic pole including age, statistical requirements, identification of magnetic carriers, field tests, structural integrity, presence of reversals and an evaluation for possible remagnetization.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Pesonen, Lauri J., et al.
(author)
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Precambrian supercontinents and supercycles—an overview
- 2021
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In: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 1-50
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is ample evidence that supercontinent cycles on Earth have been operating since the Late Paleoproterozoic. Evidence for the supercontinent cyclicity arises from multidisciplinary observations from geology, geochronology, geophysics (e.g., paleomagnetism, seismology, heat flow), isotope geology, and geochemistry. This overview summarizes current views of Precambrian supercontinent episodicity or cyclicity. In addition, paleogeographic reconstructions based on global key paleomagnetic poles and kinematic models of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Nuna supercycle, Meso-Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercycle, and the Phanerozoic Gondwana/Pangea supercycle are explored. The lifecycle of supercontinents is tested by geological, geophysical, and geochemical data coupled with secular evolution trends of Earth. Results suggest that (1) supercontinent cyclicity has a characteristic (quasi-) period of ~700–500 million years, supported by planetary secular evolutionary trends, but other periods are also present; (2) supercontinents Nuna, Rodinia, and Gondwana/Pangea have different configurations and secular evolutionary trends possibly due to different tectonic styles of assembly; (3) globally averaged plate velocity during the Precambrian reveals a wave-like pattern with peaks and lows corresponding with features in several secular evolution indices including the distribution of U−Pb ages, passive margins, metamorphic events, tectonic proxies, and magmatic activity; (4) the data suggest three tectonomagmatic lulls during the Proterozoic, but the proposed Mesoproterozoic quiescent period, coined as “boring billion” years of Earth history (1.8–0.8 Ga) appears to be seen mainly by atmospheric and biospheric data rather than tectonomagmatic activity; and (5) tectonic processes driving supercontinent cyclicity are interactive, with feedbacks from all six spheres of the Earth—the geosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and magnetosphere.
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| 10. |
- Pesonen, Lauri J., et al.
(author)
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Preface
- 2021
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In: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. xv-xvi
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 11. |
- Peters, Anne-Kathrin, et al.
(author)
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Care ethics to develop computing and engineering education for sustainability
- 2020
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In: 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). - : IEEE. - 9781728189611 - 9781728189628
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this special session is to connect researchers interested in computing and engineering education for sustainability. We will explore the use of care and care ethics as a theoretical perspective to develop sustainability education. Theoretical discussions in environmental and sustainability education (ESE) research and feminist research will be introduced to develop an understanding of care for education. Those theories will be illustrated and motivated based on concrete examples in computing and computing education. The participants get to choose among four different topics of discussion in the session, 1) the role of education to prepare for care, 2) theoretical discussions of care as a concept to develop education and education research, 3) pedagogical methods to foster care, 4) care and responsibility in the curriculum. The outcome of this session is two-fold: The participants will gain new ways of conceiving education for human and planetary well-being and they will get to know researchers and educational developers with an interest in and experiences with sustainability education.
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| 12. |
- Roberts, Nick M.W., et al.
(author)
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On the enigmatic mid-Proterozoic: Single-lid versus plate tectonics
- 2022
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In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0012-821X .- 1385-013X. ; 594, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1850–850 Ma) is a peculiar period of Earth history in many respects: ophiolites and passive margins of this age are rare, whereas anorthosite and A-type granite suites are abundant; metamorphic rocks typically record high thermobaric (temperature/pressure) ratios, whereas ultrahigh pressure (UHP) rocks are rare; and the abundance of economic mineral deposits features rare porphyry Cu-Au and abundant Ni-Cu and Fe-oxide Cu-Ag (IOCG) deposit types. These collective observations have been used to propose that a stagnant-lid, or single-lid, tectonic regime operated at this time, between periods of plate tectonics in the Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. In our reappraisal of the mid-Proterozoic geological record, we not only assess the viability of the single-lid hypothesis for each line of evidence, but also that of the plate tectonic alternative. We find that evidence for the single-lid hypothesis is equivocal in all cases, whereas for plate tectonics the evidence is equivocal or supporting.We therefore find no reason to abandon a plate tectonic model for the mid-Proterozoic time period. Instead, we propose that the peculiarities of this enigmatic interval can be reconciled through the combination of two processes working in tandem: secular mantle cooling and the exceptionally long tenure and incomplete breakup of Earth’s first supercontinent, where both of these phenomena had a dramatic effect on lithospheric behaviour and its resulting imprint in the geological record
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| 13. |
- Salminen, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Congo-São Francisco craton in Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna
- 2024
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In: Precambrian Research. - 0301-9268. ; 406
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The location of the Congo-São Francisco (CSF) craton, one of the largest cratons in Proterozoic paleogeography, has been poorly constrained for the supercontinent Nuna interval (ca. 1800–1300 Ma). Initial models of Nuna suggested that the CSF craton was part of the Atlantica continent, together with Amazonia, West Africa, and perhaps Río de la Plata, as a separate continental block from other Nuna constituents. In other Nuna models the CSF craton has been placed adjacent to Baltica and Siberia, the core of Nuna, based mainly on ages of mafic magmatism and sparse paleomagnetic data. Through a geochemical, geochronological and paleomagnetic study of the WNW-trending Virei mafic dykes, which extend outward from the Mesoproterozoic Kunene Igneous Complex in southwest Angola, we provide a U-Pb baddeleyite age of 1385 ± 5 Ma, geochemical signatures, and a robust Mesoproterozoic paleomagnetic pole to test the CSF craton's placement within Nuna. Including our new pole with quality-filtered poles from the other cratons during the Nuna interval, we propose a refined Nuna model with (1) southwest Congo / west Siberia cratonic connection at 1700–1500 Ma, (2) proximity of Amazonia and West Africa cratons, and (3) connection of southwest Congo craton with northwest West Africa at 1380 Ma. Our proposed 1500–1380 Ma reconstructions are further supported by matching large igneous province (LIP) records from these crustal blocks. The new 1385 Ma Virei pole, when considered relative to an earlier CSF pole at ca. 1500 Ma, requires substantial azimuthal rotation (∼85°) of CSF in the intervening time interval. To accommodate both the matching LIP records and paleomagnetic data from CSF and neighboring cratons in Nuna, we propose an interval of transform motion near the supercontinent's periphery prior to more widespread mid-Mesoproterozoic supercontinental breakup.
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| 14. |
- Salminen, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Direct Mesoproterozoic connection of the Congo and Kalahari cratons in proto-Africa : Strange attractors across supercontinental cycles
- 2018
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In: Geology. - 0091-7613. ; 46:11, s. 1011-1014
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobilistic plate-tectonic interpretation of Precambrian orogens requires that two conjoined crustal blocks may derive from distant portions of the globe. Nonetheless, many proposed Precambrian cratonic juxtapositions are broadly similar to those of younger times (socalled "strange attractors"), raising the specter of bias in their construction. We evaluated the possibility that the Congo and Kalahari cratons (Africa) were joined together prior to their amalgamation along the Damara-Lufilian-Zambezi orogen in Cambrian time by studying diabase dikes of the Huila-Epembe swarm and sills in the southern part of the Congo craton in Angola and in Namibia. We present geologic, U-Pb geochronologic, and paleomagnetic evidence showing that these two cratons were directly juxtaposed at ca. 1.1 Ga, but in a slightly modified relative orientation compared to today. Recurring persistence in cratonic connections, with slight variations from one supercontinent to the next, may signify a style of supercontinental transition similar to the northward motion of Gondwana fragments across the Tethys-Indian oceanic tract, reuniting in Eurasia.
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| 15. |
- Salminen, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Paleomagnetic studies of rapakivi complexes in the Fennoscandian shield – Implications to the origin of Proterozoic massif-type anorthosite magmatism
- 2021
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In: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paleomagnetic studies have been performed on five rapakivi related complexes in Sweden and Finland. Poles of varying quality have been defined and the majority of the similar to 1640-1497 Ma poles are clustering on low latitudinal positions. By combining data from similar to 1500 Ma intrusions a new high-quality pole (Plat: 13 degrees N; Plon: 190 degrees E; A(95): 11 degrees, K: 14) for Baltica has been defined. Tectonic reconstructions, on the basis of the new data and previously published high-quality data, indicate that Baltica experienced stable low latitude to equatorial positions during 1640-1470 Ma, temporally coinciding with globally pronounced rapakivi-anorthosite magmatism. Our study argues against single hotspot source for similar to 1640-1620 Ma, similar to 1590-1520 Ma, and 1470-1410 Ma rapakivianorthosites, but supports a model of large-scale superswell under a stationary low-latitude position of supercontinent Nuna for the origin of rapakivi-anorthosite magmatism. However, a possibility for convergent tectonism as the origin cannot be ruled out.
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| 16. |
- Salminen, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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The Precambrian drift history and paleogeography of Baltica
- 2021
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In: Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 155-205
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review paleomagnetic data and paleoclimatological indicators of Baltica and its subcratons. Between Neoarchean and middle Mesoproterozoic Karelia and Kola, and later the united Baltica were located mostly at the latitudes between 35°N and 35°S. Location of Baltica oscillated between high latitudes and the equator at late Mesoproterozic–Neoproterozoic. Drift velocities of the separate cratons between Neoarchean and middle Proterozoic are lower than the velocities of the united Baltica at late Paleoproterozoic–middle Mesoproterozoic. At Late Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic Baltica shows high velocity peaks, which correlate temporarily with the ones obtained for Laurentia and can be ascribed to true polar wander. Increase in drift rates correlate temporarily with orogenies related to the formation of the supercontinents Nuna and Rodinia and in smaller scale to the crustal growth of Baltica. Based on the results, we review possible nearest neighbors for the Kola and Karelia in the Superia supercraton and for Baltica in the Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents.
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| 17. |
- Saux, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning-based calculator for predicting 5-year weight trajectories after bariatric surgery: a multinational retrospective cohort SOPHIA study.
- 2023
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In: The Lancet. Digital health. - 2589-7500. ; 5:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Weight loss trajectories after bariatric surgery vary widely between individuals, and predicting weight loss before the operation remains challenging. We aimed to develop a model using machine learning to provide individual preoperative prediction of 5-year weight loss trajectories after surgery.In this multinational retrospective observational study we enrolled adult participants (aged ≥18 years) from ten prospective cohorts (including ABOS [NCT01129297], BAREVAL [NCT02310178], the Swedish Obese Subjects study, and a large cohort from the Dutch Obesity Clinic [Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek]) and two randomised trials (SleevePass [NCT00793143] and SM-BOSS [NCT00356213]) in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, with a 5 year follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or gastric band. Patients with a previous history of bariatric surgery or large delays between scheduled and actual visits were excluded. The training cohort comprised patients from two centres in France (ABOS and BAREVAL). The primary outcome was BMI at 5 years. A model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to select variables and the classification and regression trees algorithm to build interpretable regression trees. The performances of the model were assessed through the median absolute deviation (MAD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of BMI.10231 patients from 12 centres in ten countries were included in the analysis, corresponding to 30602 patient-years. Among participants in all 12 cohorts, 7701 (75·3%) were female, 2530 (24·7%) were male. Among 434 baseline attributes available in the training cohort, seven variables were selected: height, weight, intervention type, age, diabetes status, diabetes duration, and smoking status. At 5 years, across external testing cohorts the overall mean MAD BMI was 2·8 kg/m2 (95% CI 2·6-3·0) and mean RMSE BMI was 4·7 kg/m2 (4·4-5·0), and the mean difference between predicted and observed BMI was -0·3 kg/m2 (SD 4·7). This model is incorporated in an easy to use and interpretable web-based prediction tool to help inform clinical decision before surgery.We developed a machine learning-based model, which is internationally validated, for predicting individual 5-year weight loss trajectories after three common bariatric interventions.SOPHIA Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking, supported by the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Type 1 Diabetes Exchange, and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and Obesity Action Coalition; Métropole Européenne de Lille; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique through the Artificial Intelligence chair Apprenf; Université de Lille Nord Europe's I-SITE EXPAND as part of the Bandits For Health project; Laboratoire d'excellence European Genomic Institute for Diabetes; Soutien aux Travaux Interdisciplinaires, Multi-établissements et Exploratoires programme by Conseil Régional Hauts-de-France (volet partenarial phase 2, project PERSO-SURG).
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Sutinen, Elina M., et al.
(author)
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Interleukin-18 alters protein expressions of neurodegenerative diseases-linked proteins in human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells
- 2014
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In: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5102. ; 8, s. 214-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are present in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains in addition to neuronal loss, Amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau-protein neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Previously we showed that levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), are elevated in post-mortem AD brains. IL-18 can modulate the tau kinases, Cdk5 and GSK3?, as well as A beta-production. IL-18 levels are also increased in AD risk diseases, including type-2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we explored other IL-18 regulated proteins in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, incubated with IL-18 for 24, 48, or 72 h, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Specific altered protein spots were chosen and identified with mass spectrometry (MS) and verified by western immunoblotting (WIB). IL-18 had time-dependent effects on the SH-SY5Y proteome, modulating numerous protein levels/modifications. We concentrated on those related to OS (DDAH2, peroxiredoxins 2, 3, and 6, DJ-1, BLVRA), A beta-degradation (MMP14, TIMP2), A beta-aggregation (Septin-2), and modifications of axon growth and guidance associated, collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). IL-18 significantly increased antioxidative enzymes, indicative of OS, and altered levels of glycolytic beta- and alpha-enolase and multifunctional 14-3-3 beta and -beta, commonly affected in neurodegenerative diseases. MMP14, TIMP2, alpha-enolase and 14-3-3 beta, indirectly involved in A? metabolism, as well as Septin-2 showed changes that increase A? levels. Increased 14-3-3 beta may contribute to GSK3 beta driven tau hyperphosphorylation and CRMP2 Thr514 and Ser522 phosphorylation with the Thr555-site, a target for Rho kinase, showing time-dependent changes. IL-18 also increased caspase-1 levels and vacuolization of the cells. Although our SH-SY5Y cells were not aged, as neurons in AD, our work suggests that heightened or prolonged IL-18 levels can drive protein changes of known relevance to AD pathogenesis.
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