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- Baricordi, S., et al.
(author)
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Low-energy-channeling surface analysis on silicon crystals designed for high-energy-channeling in accelerators
- 2005
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 87:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Channeling of relativistic particles in bent Si crystals is a powerful technique for use with accelerators. Its efficiency can be found to be highly dependent on the state of the surface of the crystal steering the particles. We investigated the morphology and structure of the surface of the samples that have been used with high efficiency for channeling in accelerators. Low-energy channeling of 2 MeVα particles or protons was used as a probe. We found that mechanical treatment of the samples leads to a superficial damaged layer, which is correlated to efficiency limitations of the crystal in accelerators. In contrast, chemical etching, which was used to treat the surface of the most efficient crystals, leaves a surface with superior perfection. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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| 3. |
- Baricordi, S., et al.
(author)
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Optimal crystal surface for efficient channeling in the new generation of hadron machines
- 2007
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new generation of hadron machines may profitably take advantage of channeling for steering and collimation of high-energy particle beams. In that case, the requirements on the quality of the crystal surface are rather stringent in terms of both lattice perfection and roughness. Here, the authors show the structural and morphological characterizations of crystals fabricated through a method to achieve a surface that fulfills all needed specifications for application in hadron machines. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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- Guidi, V., et al.
(author)
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Characterization of crystals for steering of protons through channelling in hadronic accelerators
- 2006
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In: EPAC 2006. - Edinburgh : European Physical Society Accelerator Group (EPS-AG). - 9290832797 ; , s. 1523-1525
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Channeling of relativistic particles through a crystal may be useful for many applications in accelerators, and particularly for collimation in hadronic colliders. Efficiency proved to be dependent on the state of the crystal surface and hence on the method used for preparation. We investigated the morphology and structure of the surface of the samples that have been used in accelerators with high efficiency. We found that crystal fabrication by only mechanical methods (dicing, lapping, and others) leads to a superficial damaged layer, which is correlated to performance limitation in accelerators. A planar chemical etching was studied and applied in order to remove the superficial damaged layer. RBS channeling analysis with low-energy protons and 4He + highlighted better crystal perfection at surface, as a result of the etching. A protocol for preparation and characterization of crystal for channelling has been developed, which may be of interest for reliable operation with crystals in accelerators.
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- Sandholm, Niina, et al.
(author)
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The genetic landscape of renal complications in type 1 diabetes
- 2017
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In: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1046-6673. ; 28:2, s. 557-574
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD. Despite evidence for a substantial heritability of diabetic kidney disease, efforts to identify genetic susceptibility variants have had limited success. We extended previous efforts in three dimensions, examining a more comprehensive set of genetic variants in larger numbers of subjects with type 1 diabetes characterized for a wider range of cross-sectional diabetic kidney disease phenotypes. In 2843 subjects, we estimated that the heritability of diabetic kidney disease was 35% (P=6.4310-3). Genome-wide association analysis and replication in 12,540 individuals identified no single variants reaching stringent levels of significance and, despite excellent power, provided little independent confirmation of previously published associatedvariants.Whole-exome sequencing in 997 subjects failed to identify any large-effect coding alleles of lower frequency influencing the risk of diabetic kidney disease. However, sets of alleles increasing body mass index (P=2.2310-5) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (P=6.1310-4) associated with the risk of diabetic kidney disease.Wealso found genome-wide genetic correlation between diabetic kidney disease and failure at smoking cessation (P=1.1310-4). Pathway analysis implicated ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (P=9.0310-6), and pentose and glucuronate interconversions (P=3.0310-6) in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. These data provide further evidence for the role of genetic factors influencing diabetic kidney disease in those with type 1 diabetes and highlight some key pathways that may be responsible. Altogether these results reveal important biology behind the major cause of kidney disease.
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