| 1. |
- Abbas, Ashraf H., et al.
(author)
-
Aesthetic Outcome After Reconstruction of Complex SoftTissue Defects with Free Antero-Lateral Thigh Flap UsingSimple Equipment
- 2015
-
In: Journal of surgery. - : Science publishing group. - 2330-0914 .- 2330-0930. ; 3:2-1, s. 36-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: We aimed to assess the aesthetic outcome of surgical reconstruction by free ALT flap using binocular single-refraction magnifying glasses and a modified post- operative surveillance protocol. Methods: 16 patients were operated for free antero-lateral thigh flap to reconstruct complex soft tissue defects with a close clinical follow up protocol for post operative care depending on the attending personnel in the Plastic surgery unit, Suez Canal University hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. Aesthetic outcome was assessed using a questionnaire based on Posch et al. 2005, including the following items colour, contour, presence of hair, overall appearance and donor site scar. Results: The patients’ assessed aesthetic outcome was acceptable in majority of the cases; median score was 4 for all assessed items. Complete flap loss occurred in one case, other complications as arterial thrombosis and hematomas and infection were detected and managed accordingly with flap salvage in the 3 complicated cases. Conclusion: The result suggests that the proposed protocol is sufficient as an alternative. The aesthetic outcome assessed by the patient and the failure rate was in line with other studies.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959, et al.
(author)
-
Bicarbonate-sensitive cysteine induced elevation of extracellular aspartate and glutamate in rat hippocampus in vitro
- 1997
-
In: Neurochemistry International. - 0197-0186. ; 30:3, s. 253-259
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of different concentrations of cysteine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) on the net efflux of endogenous amino acids was studied by the incubation of rat hippocampal slices. Addition of cysteine (1 mM) in bicarbonate containing low K+ medium (5 min) selectively increased the basal net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 370% and 396%, respectively. High K+ media (50 mM) containing cysteine (1 mM) evoked the net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 1454% and 1019%, respectively. The corresponding effects in control slices without cysteine were 669% and 404%, respectively. No changes were observed on the concentrations of GABA, glutamine and taurine. The cysteine oxidation products, cysteine sulfinate (0.5 μM) and cystine (0.25 mM) were without effects. The effect of cysteine (0.5 mM) was dramatically reduced in media with no added bicarbonate/CO2. Thus, cysteine in a bicarbonate-sensitive manner selectively increases the extracellular concentration of excitotoxic amino acids in adult rat brain in vitro, possibly by interfering with the carrier-mediated glutamate uptake/ release
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959
(author)
-
Re-evaluation of the hypothesis that LTP has two temporal phases and that the late phase is protein synthesis-dependent
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent increase in synaptic efficacy that is most studied in the hippocampus and that is considered a cellular substrate for learning and memory. Accepting the belief that the durability (persistence in time) of LTP is analogical to long-standing store of hippocampus-dependent memories warrants the necessity for understanding the mechanisms underlying LTP stabilization. Although the great majority of neuroscientists assume that LTP induction, akin to the formation of memories triggers the synthesis of proteins that are instrumental for subsequent consolidation neither the identity of such presumed proteins nor the mechanisms by which they act to consolidate LTP are clear. Based on this notion LTP is distinguished temporally into an early phase (E-LTP), which is protein synthesis-independent and a late phase (L-LTP), which is protein synthesis-dependent. However, several behavioral and electrophysiological findings cast doubts on this notion. In the present thesis I have examined the effect of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) on the stabilization of LTP in hippocampal slices obtained from young rats. Treating hippocampal slices with PSIs using a temporal window relative to the induction of LTP that has previously been used in the literature failed to block L-LTP, a result in contrast with published data. However, long-lasting pretreatment with the PSI emetine blocked LTP by LTP-unrelated mechanism as the drug showed deteriorating effect on the baseline response. In contrast, depleting the protein repertoire in the slice by long-lasting pretreatment with the PSI cycloheximide deteriorated the stabilization of LTP. Additionally, acceleration of protein degradation using hydrogen peroxide after the induction of LTP resulted in decay of LTP. Addition of cycloheximide induced additive decay of LTP stabilization. These contradictory findings have recently been replicated by other laboratories. In this thesis I present a working model that aims to explain the discrepant findings regarding PSI and LTP. The model concedes that knowing the kinetics of protein turnover during the induction of LTP may provide a prediction for the subsequent stabilization of LTP. This can explain the wide variability in the time course of the presumed protein-synthesis independent E-LTP. The model gains support from experiments in which a low concentration of the proteasome inhibitor MG-115 improved the stability of LTP induced by a weak induction protocol. In summary, my results suggest that 1) the temporal distinction of LTP into E- and L-LTP is a false dichotomy and 2) the rate of protein degradation may explain whether PSIs would, or would not, have an effect on LTP stabilization.
|
|
| 7. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959, et al.
(author)
-
S-sulfo-cysteine is an endogenous amino acid in neonatal rat brain but an unlikely mediator of cysteine neurotoxicity.
- 2008
-
In: Neurochemical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-3190 .- 1573-6903. ; 33:2, s. 301-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- S-sulfo-cysteine (SSC) is an agonist of glutamate receptors which could be involved in cysteine-induced neurotoxicity. Here we analyzed SSC by HPLC and demonstrated that the concentration of SSC in cortex of cysteine-injected rats increased to 1.4 microM, about four times the value of control rats. The neurotoxic effect of SSC was evaluated in slice cultures of rat hippocampus and compared to NMDA and cysteine. The neurotoxicity threshold of SSC was well above the tissue concentration. Our results show that SSC increases in neonatal rat brain after cysteine injection but reaches a tissue concentration far below concentrations that induce neurotoxicity in vitro. Thus, even if all the tissue SSC after cysteine injection was extracellular it would be below the threshold for toxicity, indicating that SSC is not a main excitotoxin involved in cysteine toxicity.
|
|
| 8. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-
(author)
-
Undernäringstillstånd vid KOL
- 2006. - 2
-
In: KOL. - Stockholm : Studentlitteratur. - 9144019327 ; , s. 227-237
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 9. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(author)
-
Vi står gärna bakom en utfallsbaserad vård
- 2017
-
In: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Jörgen Nordenström försöker få det till att vår kritik av värdebaserad vård egentligen handlar om att vi vill ha mer resurser. Han har helt missuppfattat oss, skriver 26 specialistläkare i en replik.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Andin, Josefine, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
The neural basis of arithmetic and phonology in deaf signing individuals
- 2019
-
In: Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2327-3798 .- 2327-3801. ; 34:7, s. 813-825
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Deafness is generally associated with poor mental arithmetic, possibly due to neuronal differences in arithmetic processing across language modalities. Here, we investigated for the first time the neuronal networks supporting arithmetic processing in adult deaf signers. Deaf signing adults and hearing non-signing peers performed arithmetic and phonological tasks during fMRI scanning. At whole brain level, activation patterns were similar across groups. Region of interest analyses showed that although both groups activated phonological processing regions in the left inferior frontal gyrus to a similar extent during both phonological and multiplication tasks, deaf signers showed significantly more activation in the right horizontal portion of the inferior parietal sulcus. This region is associated with magnitude manipulation along the mental number line. This pattern of results suggests that deaf signers rely more on magnitude manipulation than hearing non-signers during multiplication, but that phonological involvement does not differ significantly between groups.Abbreviations: AAL: Automated Anatomy Labelling; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging; HIPS: horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus; lAG: left angular gyrus; lIFG: left inferior frontal gyrus; rHIPS: right horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Andin, Ulla, et al.
(author)
-
A Clinico-Pathological Study of Heart and Brain Lesions in Vascular Dementia.
- 2005
-
In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:4, s. 222-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All vascular dementia (VaD) cases, neuropathologically verified in a longitudinal prospective dementia project, were classified according to the vascular brain lesion type and related to the dementia type and cardiovascular pathology. From 1976 to 1995, there were 175 VaD cases, 49 of which were pure, without Alzheimer pathology and only one type of cerebrovascular lesion. Furthermore, it was found that 6 cases suffered hypoxic hypoperfusive disease, while 7 were found to have large vessel disease and 36 small vessel disease. In addition to Alzheimer pathology, more than one type of vascular brain pathology was found in the remaining 126 cases. In these cases, diagnosed in accordance with the predominant type of VaD, hypoxic-hypoperfusive lesions were found in 55, large vessel lesions in 50 and small vessel lesions in 110 cases. It should be stressed that 87% of all cases with hypoxic hypoperfusive lesions also had Alzheimer pathology. Cardiovascular and aortic pathologies were more prevalent in small vessel dementia than in the other VaD groups. Clinically diagnosed arterial hypertension was significantly associated with small vessel dementia, but not with hypoxic-hypoperfusive dementia. Cardiovascular symptoms varied considerably in frequency between different dementia groups. VaD is a heterogeneous group regarding lesions caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms and with different combinations of brain pathologies. It is therefore necessary to identify the various types of vascular brain lesions for a correlation with clinical symptoms and for diagnostic purposes in the search for risk factors and therapeutic strategies.
|
|
| 14. |
- Andin, Ulla
(author)
-
Vascular dementia - classification and clinical correlates
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the period (1976-1995) a total of 175 consecutive patients (m 88/f 87) with neuropathologically verified vascular dementia (VaD) were examined. 22 patients with pure Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were also studied. All patients were diagnosed and followed at the Department of Psychogeriatrics (Lund University Hospital). The neuropathological examination revealed VaD, sometimes with additional contribution of Alzheimer pathology. The cases were classified as Large Vessel Dementia (LVD), Small Vessel Dementia (SVD) and Hypoperfusive Hypoxic-ischemic Dementia (HHD). The mean age at death was 80 years (range 54-100) and almost identical in the three groups.The results show that VaD is neuropathologically heterogeneous, characterized by one, two or all three types of vascular pathology. The majority of cases (126/175), showed more than one type of brain pathology (vascular or in combination with Alzheimer pathology). There was a large coexistence with Alzheimer pathology (65% of the total 175 cases). 49 cases were pure, with only one type of vascular pathology. SVD was the largest pure group (21% of the total 175 cases). Post mortem verified heart pathology, was twice as common in SVD as in LVD and HHD.Cardio-cerebrovascular features (arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, cardiac infarction, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and TIA/stroke) were more common in LVD and SVD, than in HHD. The coexistence of Alzheimer pathology did not change these results.Dizziness and unsteadiness or falls were reported in 102 of the 175 VaD patients. Dizziness correlated with hypertension and orthostatic hypotension while unsteadiness correlated only with hypertension. Falls correlated strongly to the use of neuroleptics and hypnotics.Hallucinations/delusions and delirium were reported in many patients and most common in the groups with pure LVD, pure SVD and especially in the SVD with combined Alzheimer pathology.Cardio-cerebrovascular features were more common in patients with AD combined with white matter pathology than those with pure AD. This study illustrates the neuropathological and clinical heterogeneity in VaD. This is of great importance for the understanding, treatment and care of the individual suffering from VaD.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Corral-Vazquez, C, et al.
(author)
-
The RNA content of human sperm reflects prior events in spermatogenesis and potential post-fertilization effects
- 2021
-
In: Molecular human reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2407 .- 1360-9947. ; 27:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transcriptome analyses using high-throughput methodologies allow a deeper understanding of biological functions in different cell types/tissues. The present study provides an RNA-seq profiling of human sperm mRNAs and lncRNAs (messenger and long non-coding RNAs) in a well-characterized population of fertile individuals. Sperm RNA was extracted from twelve ejaculate samples under strict quality controls. Poly(A)-transcripts were sequenced and aligned to the human genome. mRNAs and lncRNAs were classified according to their mean expression values (FPKM: Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads) and integrity. Gene Ontology analysis of the Expressed and Highly Expressed mRNAs showed an involvement in diverse reproduction processes, while the Ubiquitously Expressed and Highly Stable mRNAs were mainly involved in spermatogenesis. Transcription factor enrichment analyses revealed that the Highly Expressed and Ubiquitously Expressed sperm mRNAs were primarily regulated by zinc-fingers and spermatogenesis-related proteins. Regarding the Expressed lncRNAs, only one-third of their potential targets corresponded to Expressed mRNAs and were enriched in cell-cycle regulation processes. The remaining two-thirds were absent in sperm and were enriched in embryogenesis-related processes. A significant amount of post-testicular sperm mRNAs and lncRNAs was also detected. Even though our study is solely directed to the poly-A fraction of sperm transcripts, results indicate that both sperm mRNAs and lncRNAs constitute a footprint of previous spermatogenesis events and are configured to affect the first stages of embryo development.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Corrales, Carolina, et al.
(author)
-
Phylogeography and subspecies status of Black Grouse
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-8375 .- 1439-0361. ; 155:1, s. 13-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cold periods of the Pleistocene have had a striking impact on the diversification of most organisms in temperate regions. Phylogeographic patterns and postglacial expansion are poorly understood in the Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix). This species is widely distributed across Eurasia, and has been divided into a number of subspecies on the basis of morphological differences and geographic isolation. To investigate the evolutionary history of the species, 143 samples from different regions were examined for a mtDNA control region fragment. Overall, analyses of mtDNA gave support for the divergence between Tetrao tetrix tetrix, T. t. ussuriensis and T. t. mongolicus. The analyses reveal the effects of colonisation out of glacial refugia on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Black Grouse. The phylogeographical results are consistent with a demographic population expansion following a bell-shaped mismatch distribution, a star-shaped phylogeny and low nucleotide diversity. Patterns of postglacial dispersal imply that Black Grouse from southern Europe have been restricted to this area, and did not contribute to the genetic diversity of northern Europe. Instead, Black Grouse spread out to northern Europe from a refugium in the east and a possible one in western Europe, following the retreat of glacial ice sheets, although both refugia remain unidentified. We suggest that T. t. britannicus and T. t. viridanus correspond to northern T. t. tetrix, and that this lineage has diverged from the other subspecies. This division is tentative due to limited sampling, but it will facilitate the management of different evolutionary significant units of the species.
|
|
| 19. |
- Dang, Li, et al.
(author)
-
Radioprotective effect of hypothermia on cells - a multiparametric approach to delineate the mechanisms
- 2012
-
In: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 88:7, s. 507-514
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Low temperature (hypothermia) during irradiation of cells has been reported to have a radioprotective effect. The mechanisms are not fully understood. This study further investigates the possible mechanisms behind hypothermia-mediated radioprotection. Materials and methods: Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were incubated for 20 min at 0.8 or 37 degrees C and subsequently exposed to 1 Gy of gamma- or X-rays. The influence of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated double-strand break signalling and histone deacetylase-dependent chromatin condensation was investigated using the micronucleus assay. Furthermore, the effect of hypothermia was investigated at the level of phosphorylated histone 2AX (gamma H2AX) foci, clonogenic cell survival and micronuclei in sequentially-harvested cells. Results: The radioprotective effect of hypothermia (called the temperature effect [TE]) was evident only at the level of micronuclei at a single fixation time, was not influenced by the inhibition of ATM kinase activity and completely abolished by the histone deacetylase inhibition. No TE was seen at the level of gamma H2AX foci and cell survival. Conclusions: We suggest that low temperature during irradiation can induce a temporary cell cycle shift, which could lead to a reduced micronucleus frequency. Future experiments focused on cell cycle progression are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Fahnehjelm, Kristina Teär, et al.
(author)
-
Ocular characteristics in 10 children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency : a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up.
- 2008
-
In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420 .- 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 86:3, s. 329-337
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE To present long-term ocular complications and electroretinographic (ERG) findings in children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency - a life-threatening metabolic disease - and the relation to age at diagnosis, treatment and other clinical parameters. METHODS Ten children with LCHAD deficiency underwent repeated ophthalmological evaluations including ERG. RESULTS All 10 children developed chorioretinal pathology. Regardless of age at diagnosis, initiation of treatment and age at examination, inter-individual differences were present. Profound chorioretinal atrophy, severe visual impairment and progressive myopia had developed in two teenagers. Milder chorioretinopathy with or without subnormal visual acuity was present in all other children. ERG was pathological in seven children. The chorioretinopathy often started in the peripapillary or perimacular areas. In one patient, unilateral visual impairment was associated with fibrosis. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and adequate therapy might delay but not prevent the progression of retinal complications. Late diagnosis with severe symptoms at diagnosis, neonatal hypoglycaemia and frequent decompensations may increase the progression rate of the chorioretinopathy. LCHAD deficiency, a potentially lethal disease, is sometimes difficult to diagnose. Unusual chorioretinal findings should alert the ophthalmologist to the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, especially if there is a history of neonatal hypoglycaemia or failure to thrive.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Fredin, Ola, 1972-
(author)
-
Mountain centered icefields in northern Scandinavia
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mountain centered glaciers have played a major role throughout the last three million years in the Scandinavian mountains. The climatic extremes, like the present warm interglacial or cold glacial maxima, are very short-lived compared to the periods of intermediate climate conditions, characterized by the persistence of mountain based glaciers and ice fields of regional size. These have persisted in the Scandinavian mountains for about 65% of the Quaternary. Mountain based glaciers thus had a profound impact on large-scale geomorphology, which is manifested in large-scale glacial landforms such as fjords, glacial lakes and U-shaped valleys in and close to the mountain range.Through a mapping of glacial landforms in the northern Scandinavian mountain range, in particular a striking set of lateral moraines, this thesis offers new insights into Weichselian stages predating the last glacial maximum. The aerial photograph mapping and field evidence yield evidence that these lateral moraines were overridden by glacier ice subsequent to their formation. The lateral moraines were dated using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide techniques. Although the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide signature of the moraines is inconclusive, an early Weichselian age is tentatively suggested through correlations with other landforms and stratigraphical archives in the region. The abundance and coherent spatial pattern of the lateral moraines also allow a spatial reconstruction of this ice field. The ice field was controlled by topography and had nunataks protruding also where it was thickest close to the elevation axis of the Scandinavian mountain range. Outlet glaciers discharged into the Norwegian fjords and major valleys in Sweden.The process by which mountain based glaciers grow into an ice sheet is a matter of debate. In this thesis, a feedback mechanism between debris on the ice surface and ice sheet growth is presented. In essence, the growth of glaciers and ice sheets may be accelerated by an abundance of debris in their ablation areas. This may occur when the debris cover on the glacier surface inhibits ablation, effectively increasing the glaciers mass balance. It is thus possible that a dirty ablation area may cause the glacier to advance further than a clean glacier under similar conditions. An ice free period of significant length allows soil production through weathering, frost shattering, and slope processes. As glaciers advance through this assemblage of sediments, significant amounts of debris end up on the surface due to both mass wastage and subglacial entrainment. Evidence that this chain of events may occur, is given by large expanses of hummocky moraine (local name Veiki moraine) in the northern Swedish lowlands. Because the Veiki moraine has been correlated with the first Weichselian advance following the Eemian, it implies a heavily debris charged ice sheet emanating from the mountain range and terminating in a stagnant fashion in the lowlands.
|
|
| 24. |
- Gutzeit, V. A., et al.
(author)
-
Resource A fine-tuned azobenzene for enhanced in vivo
- 2021
-
In: Cell Chemical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9448 .- 2451-9456. ; 28:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the power of photopharmacology for interrogating signaling proteins, many photopharmacological systems are limited by their efficiency, speed, or spectral properties. Here, we screen a library of azobenzene photoswitches and identify a urea-substituted "azobenzene-400"core that offers bistable switching between cis and trans with improved kinetics, light sensitivity, and a red-shift. We then focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), neuromodulatory receptors that are major pharmacological targets. Synthesis of "BGAG12,400,"a photoswitchable orthogonal, remotely tethered ligand (PORTL), enables highly efficient, rapid optical agonism following conjugation to SNAP-tagged mGluR2 and permits robust optical control of mGluR1 and mGluR5 signaling. We then produce fluorophore-conjugated branched PORTLs to enable dual imaging and manipulation of mGluRs and highlight their power in ex vivo slice and in vivo behavioral experiments in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our strategy by developing an improved soluble, photoswitchable pore blocker for potassium channels.
|
|
| 25. |
- Gutzkow, K. B., et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced susceptibility of obese mice to glycidamide-induced sperm chromatin damage without increased oxidative stress
- 2016
-
In: Andrology. - : Wiley. - 2047-2919 .- 2047-2927. ; 4:6, s. 1092-1114
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diet-induced obesity is known to impair male reproduction and may aggravate the male reproductive toxicity of the food contaminant acrylamide. Exposure of male mice to acrylamide induces paternally mediated pre- and post-implantation losses because of spermatozoal toxicity and these effects are potentiated in mice fed a high-fat diet. Glycidamide - an acrylamide metabolite - is the primary mediator of reproductive effects in males. The mechanisms causing the interaction between diet and acrylamide are not clear. However, diet-induced obesity is associated with oxidative stress in male reproductive tissues which might contribute to increased germ cell susceptibility. In this study, we investigated whether a moderate diet-induced obesity regimen could interfere with glycidamide-induced spermatozoal toxicity and increase oxidative stress. For this purpose, sperm chromatin integrity, oxidised DNA and protein levels, transcript levels of oxidative stress responsive genes and glycidamide-induced DNA and haemoglobin adducts were analysed in samples from male mice exposed to a high-fat diet for 6 weeks in combination with a single glycidamide exposure 7 days prior to sacrifice. We found that glycidamide-induced sperm DNA fragmentation was markedly higher in obese than in lean mice. However, the levels of oxidised DNA and/or protein in blood, liver and testicular tissue was lower in obese than in lean mice. Accompanying the reduced level of oxidised macromolecules, the transcript levels of several oxidative stress-related genes were altered in the liver and testis from obese mice suggesting induction of an antioxidant response in these animals. The haemoglobin-glycidamide adduct levels were higher in obese than in lean animals, whereas obesity did not seem to increase the level of glycidamide-induced DNA adducts. These findings show that a moderate diet-induced obesity regimen may potentiate glycidamide-induced sperm cells toxicity and suggest that the increase in glycidamide-induced sperm toxicity observed in obese mice does not depend on overt oxidative stress.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Hamrin, Johan
(author)
-
Viral respiratory tract infections in children
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The most common infection in humans is viral respiratory tract infections which predominantly present as the ‘common cold’. In some circumstances however, respiratory viruses cause acute lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and due to the high absolute number of infection the contribution of these cases to total morbidity and mortality are substantial. For several reasons relating to physiology and immunology, children account for a great amount of morbidity caused by viral respiratory infections, namely influenza virus (IFV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The aims of this thesis are to define burden and risk-factors associated with severe IFV and RSV infections among children. In papers I, III, IV and study V (in manuscript), we retrospectively investigated risk-factors, complications and epidemiological drivers associated with RSV and IFV based on hospitalized children 0-17 years old residing in the Northern Stockholm region. In total, these studies span over 21 years from 1st July 1998 until 30th June 2019. A total of 1,050 IFV and 5,253 RSV cases were included over that period. Our results indicate that a steep rise in birth rates combined with viral interference caused by the pandemic H1N1 Influenza A virus (IFV-A pdm09) in 2009-10 were likely contributors to the disruption of the delayed biennial cyclicity of RSV epidemics. We derived that the cold winters coinciding with the altered epidemic pattern had a lesser role. Our data reveals a triennial pattern of IFV epidemics 2008 – 2019 and a rise in influenza type B (IFV-B) in the same period. It is not clear whether this is related to improved IFV-B diagnostics or a true change in IFV ecology. Furthermore, we identified children with neuromuscular conditions to be at substantial risk of severe IFV infection, warranting improved vaccine coverage. Regarding RSV, our findings illustrate the importance of older siblings as a ‘vector’ for disease transmission to newborns, who are the most susceptible to severe disease during their first three months of life. In paper II, the potential for the urinary PGE2 metabolite (u-tPGEM) to identify children with severe viral infections, was investigated. We established baseline values for u-tPGEM in infancy and found higher levels among hospitalized children with lower RTIs and gastroenteritis, but not in infants with upper RTIs. Further studies are required to understand more about the immunological pathways involved in viral RTIs to predict disease progression in an individual and hopefully identify targets for future treatments. Taken together, our findings improve the understanding of dynamics involved in seasonal epidemics which can help us to prepare what is to come in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. These results also indicate which group would benefit the most from prevention efforts. In the long-term, describing immunological pathways involved in severe viral respiratory infections can help us to finally advance from the current therapeutic plateau.
|
|
| 28. |
- Hultman, Jens, et al.
(author)
-
Country Report Sweden
- 2013
-
In: European Retail Research. ; 26:11, s. 151-166
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 29. |
- Jäntti, Riku, et al.
(author)
-
Selective Power Control with Active Link Protection for Combined Rate and Power Management
- 2000
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In wireless multimedia services, the system can provide a user with multiple data rates. This paper focuses on the combined control of rates and powers for the system, in which a finite number of transmission rates are available. This problem was first addressed by Kim, Rosberg and Zander (see Proc. IEEE VTC Fall, p.1653-57 1999) and two distributed power control algorithms were suggested. One of the suggested algorithms there is called selective power control (SPC). In this paper, we extend SPC by combining it with the active link protection (ALP) scheme. The main purpose of such an extension is trying to guarantee the minimum rate to users and to minimize the number of rate changes by smoothing the realized CIRs. Computational experiments are carried out on a DS-CDMA system. The results indicate that the modified SPC achieves smaller outages and less rate changes while giving the same or slightly higher system throughput, compared with SPC.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Karimi, Mohamad Sadeq, et al.
(author)
-
Robust optimization of the NASA C3X gas turbine vane under uncertain operational conditions
- 2021
-
In: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 164
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the current paper is the robust optimization of an internally cooled gas turbine vane by increasing the cooling performance and decreasing the sensitivity of the performance against operational uncertainties. The basic geometry of the C3X vane cooling system consists of ten circular channels for reducing the heat load. The numerical analysis is performed using the conjugate heat transfer methodology and the v(2)- f turbulence model to minimize the simulation error. The operational conditions are considered to be uncertain with Beta probability distribution functions. For quantification of the uncertainties, the polynomial chaos method is used. The main objective of the present study is to increase the blade life span through the minimization of the vane maximum temperature and maximum temperature gradient. To this end, both deterministic and robust optimizations are carried out via a hybrid evolutionary algorithm. The deterministic optimum blade yields lower maximum temperature and temperature gradients. The optimization results clearly show that the robust optimum design is less sensitive to the operational uncertainties, and the maximum blade temperature and temperature gradient are still remarkably lower than the corresponding values of the baseline C3X vane configuration. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 33. |
- Karimi, Mohammad Taghi, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of the hip joint contact force in subjects with Perthes based on OpenSIM
- 2019
-
In: Medical Engineering and Physics. - : Elsevier. - 1350-4533 .- 1873-4030. ; 67, s. 44-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The head of femoral bone is deformed in the subjects with Leg Calve Perthes disease (LCPD). This may be due to the excessive loads applied on it. There are no studies that report the hip joint contact force in subjects with LCPD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hip joint contact force in subjects with Perthes disease. Ten typically-developing (TD) children and 10 children with LCPD were recruited in this study. The kinematics and kinetics of the subjects were evaluated in 3D motion analysis. The hip joint contact force was approximated using OpenSIM software. Differences were determined with an independent t-test. There was a significant difference between walking speed of TD and Perthes subjects (63.8 (±8.1) and 57.4 (±7.0) m/min, respectively). The first peak of hip joint contact force was 4.8 (±1.7) N/BW in Perthes subjects, compared to 7.6 (±2.5) N/BW in TD subjects (p = 0.004). The peak hip joint contact force in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions was significantly lower in Perthes subjects (p < 0.05). The hip joint excursion was 40.0 (±5.6) and 46.4 (±8.5) degrees in Perthes and normal subjects, respectively (p = 0.03). The hip joint contact forces were lower in the subjects with Perthes disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that the strategies used by LCPD subjects were successful to decrease hip joint contact force.
|
|
| 34. |
- Karimi, Nasibeh, et al.
(author)
-
Tetraspanins distinguish separate extracellular vesicle subpopulations in human serum and plasma - Contributions of platelet extracellular vesicles in plasma samples
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. - : Wiley. - 2001-3078. ; 11:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti-CD63, anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP-IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead E LISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9(+) EVs were present in EDTA-plasma compared to ACD-plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double-positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63(+) EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81(+) vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA-plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD-plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti-coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
|
|
| 35. |
- Karimi Neghlani, Paria, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of build location on microstructural characteristics and corrosion behavior of EB-PBF built Alloy 718
- 2020
-
In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 106:7-8, s. 3597-3607
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electron beam-powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), a high-temperature additive manufacturing (AM) technique, shows great promise in the production of high-quality metallic parts in different applications such as the aerospace industry. To achieve a higher build efficiency, it is ideal to build multiple parts together with as low spacing as possible between the respective parts. In the EB-PBF technique, there are many unknown variations in microstructural characteristics and functional performance that could be induced as a result of the location of the parts on the build plate, gaps between the parts and part geometry, etc. In the present study, the variations in the microstructure and corrosion performance as a function of the parts location on the build plate in the EB-PBF process were investigated. The microstructural features were correlated with the thermal history of the samples built in different locations on the build plate, including exterior (the outermost), middle (between the outermost and innermost), and interior (the innermost) regions. The cubic coupons located in the exterior regions showed increased level (~ 20 %) of defects (mainly in the form of shrinkage pores) and lower level (~ 30-35 %) of Nb-rich phase fraction due to their higher cooling rates compared to the interior and middle samples. Electrochemical investigations showed that the location indirectly had a substantial influence on the corrosion behavior, verified by a significant increase in polarization resistance (Rp) from the exterior (2.1 ± 0.3 kΩ.cm2) to interior regions (39.2 ± 4.1 kΩ.cm2). © 2020, The Author(s).
|
|
| 36. |
- Kavoulakis, Georgios, et al.
(author)
-
Superfluidity in a gas of strongly interacting bosons
- 2006
-
In: Europhysics letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 76:2, s. 215-221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider small systems of bosonic atoms rotating in a toroidal trap. Using the method of exact numerical diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian, we examine the transition from the Bose-Einstein condensed state to the Tonks-Girardeau state. The system supports persistent currents in a wide range between the two limits, even in the absence of Bose-Einstein condensation.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Orton, D, et al.
(author)
-
Evidence for animal use in the central Balkan Neolithic across the early metallurgical horizon: the animal remains from Belovode and Pločnik in context
- 2021
-
In: Radivojević, M., Roberts, B., Marić, M., Kuzmanović-Cvetković, J., Rehren, T. (eds), The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia: The Archaeology of Early Metallurgy and Society in the Central Balkans: Evolution, Organisation and Consumption of Early Metal in the Balkans. - Оxford : Archaeopress. - 9781803270425 ; , s. 585-598
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 41. |
- Orton, Frances, et al.
(author)
-
A laboratory investigation into features of morphology and physiology for their potential to predict reproductive success in male frogs
- 2020
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amphibian populations are declining globally, however, the contribution of reduced reproduction to declines is unknown. We investigated associations between morphological (weight/snout-vent length, nuptial pad colour/size, forelimb width/size) and physiological (nuptial pad/testis histomorphology, plasma hormones, gene expression) features with reproductive success in males as measured by amplexus success and fertility rate (% eggs fertilised) in laboratory maintained Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis. We explored the robustness of these features to predict amplexus success/fertility rate by investigating these associations within a sub-set of frogs exposed to anti-androgens (flutamide (50 μg/L)/linuron (9 or 45 μg/L)). In unexposed males, nuptial pad features (size/colour/number of hooks/androgen receptor mRNA) were positively associated with amplexus success, but not with fertility rate. In exposed males, many of the associations with amplexus success differed from untreated animals (they were either reversed or absent). In the exposed males forelimb width/nuptial pad morphology were also associated with fertility rate. However, a more darkly coloured nuptial pad was positively associated with amplexus success across all groups and was indicative of androgen status. Our findings demonstrate the central role for nuptial pad morphology in reproductive success in S. tropicalis, however, the lack of concordance between unexposed/exposed frogs complicates understanding of the utility of features of nuptial pad morphology as biomarkers in wild populations. In conclusion, our work has indicated that nuptial pad and forelimb morphology have potential for development as biomarkers of reproductive health in wild anurans, however, further research is needed to establish this.
|
|
| 42. |
- Ottosson, S.
(author)
-
Dynamic product development : Findings from participating action research in a fast new product development process
- 1996
-
In: Journal of engineering design (Print). - Abingdon : Carfax Publishing. - 0954-4828 .- 1466-1837. ; 7:2, s. 151-169
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article brings hands-on knowledge from the integrated development process of a new advanced product that had to be launched on to the market in an extremely short time. Quick, effective development was accomplished through product reviewing or benchmarking, user and subcontractor involvement, dynamic and parallel activities, active, motivating leadership and consensus among those involved. The development process proved to be a winding journey with many problems to be overcome in a flexible and innovative way. No breaks were allowed and formal board meetings, stage-gate and other bureaucratic systems were avoided. Thorough cash-flow analyses were continuously carried out. The hectic pace created problems for and tension in the company seen from both short and long perspectives. Theoretical models of integrated product development did not match well to reality which is why the new concept, dynamic product development, is launched here. The article is based on participating action research.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Pates, Richard, et al.
(author)
-
On the Optimal Control of Relaxation Systems
- 2020
-
In: 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2019. - 0743-1546 .- 2576-2370. - 9781728113999 - 9781728113982 ; 2019-December, s. 6068-6073
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relaxation systems are an important subclass of the passive systems that arise naturally in applications. We exploit the fact that they have highly structured state-space realisations to derive analytical solutions to some simple H-infinity type optimal control problems. The resulting controllers are also relaxation systems, and often sparse. This makes them ideal candidates for applications in large-scale problems, which we demonstrate by designing simple, sparse, electrical circuits to optimally control large inductive networks and to solve linear regression problems.
|
|
| 45. |
- Persson, Mattias
(author)
-
Indologi - mer än bara språk...
- 2023
-
In: Snabelposten. - : Snabelposten, Uppsala kommun. ; :6, s. 6-7
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(author)
-
Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons
- 2016
-
In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 954, s. 323-340
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions.
|
|
