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| 3. |
- Broström, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Preschool teachers' view on learning in preschool in Sweden and Denmark
- 2014
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In: European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. - 1350-293X .- 1752-1807. ; 22:5, s. 590-603
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine how preschool teachers in Sweden and Denmark perceive children's learning in preschool. The study aimed to answer the following questions: What is 'learning'? How do children learn? What are the best conditions for children's learning? What is the role of participation in children's learning? The results show that from the teacher's perspectives, children's learning is connected to children's social interaction and development in which the children's initiatives are crucial. Learning, to a great extent, results from children's active involvement. There are many similarities between how Danish and Swedish preschool teachers think of learning and participation. This supports earlier assumption about the coherence of Nordic preschool beliefs which unites education and care.
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| 4. |
- Broström, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Preschool teachers' views on children's learning : an international perspective
- 2015
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In: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 185:5, s. 824-847
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This comparative study investigated the perspectives of preschool teachers in Australia, Denmark, Estonia, German, Greece and Sweden about learning and participation in preschool. A structured survey questionnaire investigated four main questions: What situations can be characterised as learning? What activities are important for learning? What are the best conditions for children's learning? How do preschool teachers understand participation in relation to children's learning in preschool? Results suggest that play, interactions with other children and adults, the provision of different activities and teacher support are important for children's learning. While similarities were noted, results indicate some disparity between countries and a further in-depth interview-style study is recommended to provide a deeper understanding of teachers' perspectives and practices around children's learning.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Jesper, et al.
(author)
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An a posteriori error estimate for symplectic Euler approximation of optimal control problems
- 2014
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This work focuses on numerical solutions of optimal control problems. A time discretization error representation is derived for the approximation of the associated value function. It concerns Symplectic Euler solutions of the Hamiltonian system connected with the optimal control problem. The error representation has a leading order term consisting of an error density that is computable from Symplectic Euler solutions. Under an assumption of the pathwise convergence of the approximate dual function as the maximum time step goes to zero, we prove that the remainder is of higher order than the leading error density part in the error representation. With the error representation, it is possible to perform adaptive time stepping. We apply an adaptive algorithm originally developed for ordinary differential equations. The performance is illustrated by numerical tests.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, J., et al.
(author)
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An Error Estimate for Symplectic Euler Approximation of Optimal Control Problems
- 2015
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In: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing. - : Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM). - 1064-8275 .- 1095-7197. ; 37:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work focuses on numerical solutions of optimal control problems. A time discretization error representation is derived for the approximation of the associated value function. It concerns symplectic Euler solutions of the Hamiltonian system connected with the optimal control problem. The error representation has a leading-order term consisting of an error density that is computable from symplectic Euler solutions. Under an assumption of the pathwise convergence of the approximate dual function as the maximum time step goes to zero, we prove that the remainder is of higher order than the leading-error density part in the error representation. With the error representation, it is possible to perform adaptive time stepping. We apply an adaptive algorithm originally developed for ordinary differential equations. The performance is illustrated by numerical tests.
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| 10. |
- Leo Sandberg, Elinn, et al.
(author)
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Kyrkligt arbete med fattiga, gåvor och ekonomisk utsatthet
- 2022
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In: Diakoni - reflektion och praktik : Diakonia - reflection and practice - Diakonia - reflection and practice. - 9789152638811 ; , s. 241-241
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The biblical foundation, church history and design of the work with poverty in today's society is drawn by Elinn Leo Sandberg in chapter 11. How should poverty, people who are poor, be treated in a welfare society and how should the church act?
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| 11. |
- Leo Sandberg, Elinn, et al.
(author)
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"Vem ska ta ansvar för de hungriga?”
- 2024
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In: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The government now provides steady state grants to organizations that, for example, distribute food packages. But debaters warn that Sweden risks slipping into a more unclear social policy for the most economically vulnerable.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Norling, Martina
(author)
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Förskolan - en arena för social språkmiljö och språkliga processer
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Title: Preschool – a social language environment and an arena for emergent literacy processes.Author: Martina NorlingBy focusing on preschool, as an arena for emergent literacy and language learning processes, this thesis put the lens on preschool staff´s approaches and strategies in the social language environment in Swedish preschools. Taking its point of departure in real preschool settings, the overall purpose of this thesis is to develop a greater understanding of this social language environment, with particular emphasis on the quality dimensions of strategies, such as the preschool staff´s sensitivity and approaches in the preschool environment. Two didactic issues are of special importance to the thesis: preschool staff´s descriptions of what kind of strategies and approaches they use in the social language environment as well as how preschool staff support children’s language learning processes in literacy-related activities.The thesis consists of four articles aimed at capturing, variations of dimensions of preschool staff strategies as well as approaches that contribute to highlighting essential strategies for supporting children in the social language environment. The theoretical framework in this thesis consists of social constructivism (Vygotsky, 1997) and bioecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 2005).The four empirical studies in this thesis have made possible a mixed method design. The data production consists of questionnaires with questions regarding background information of the participants, observation instruments (scoring the quality of the social language environment), focus group interviews, video observations as well as a systematic literature review.In this thesis, three dimensions of preschool staff strategies in social language environment emerged: play strategies, emotional strategies and communicative strategies. The social language environment in Swedish preschool can be described in terms of those three strategy dimensions and continuous interplay processes among children, peers and preschool staff, over time. The quality dimensions of strategies focus, on preschool staff efforts and children’s prerequisites of learning processes, rather than focusing on children’s individual performance.Keywords: Preschool, social constructivism, bioecological theory, preschool staff, emergent literacy, social language environment, language learning processes
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sandberg, Anette, et al.
(author)
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Children's Perspective on Learning : An International Study in Denmark, Estonia, Germany and Sweden
- 2017
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In: Early Childhood Education Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1082-3301 .- 1573-1707. ; 45:1, s. 71-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores how some children in Denmark, Estonia, Germany and Sweden describe their perspective on learning. The aim of the international study is to gain knowledge of how preschool children in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia and Germany reflect and perceive their learning in preschool and other surrounding social contexts. The results are based on 51 focus group interviews from 181 children. The results indicate that, in general, children from all four countries seem to be aware of their own learning. One can conclude that encouraging children to think about what they are doing and why they are doing it makes the activities more goal-oriented from the children's perspective and thus more conscious. Children are able to describe their own perspectives on learning.
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| 19. |
- Sandberg, Karl W., et al.
(author)
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E-service to citizens and companies in rural areas
- 2004
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In: The International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management. - 0858-7027. ; 12:2, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The county of Västernorrland and Jämtland, like most of the remote and rural areas in the Northern Periphery, face common challenges consisting of limited economic resources, high sickness rates and major recruitment needs in the future. Developed eservice may be one of the solutions to these problems: a solution especially well-suited to sparsely populated areas. In this paper, we have summarized the exciting current challenges and opportunities in the domain of e-governmental services and indicated some areas of special interest for promoting the transition to an information society with enhanced e-services for the rural citizens. There are increased interest in e-service and the will to improve the services offered to citizens and the business community.
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| 20. |
- Sandberg, K W, et al.
(author)
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Information technology and learning strategies in small enterprises
- 2000
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In: Behavior and Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 19:3, s. 221-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to define and explain information technology strategic dispositions and competence development within small enterprises. Small enterprises are a heterogeneous group of firms and for that reason, a universal explanation of strategic dispositions and learning strategies makes it advisable to draw upon a diverse range of methods, practices and approaches. `Competence ergonomics' that fosters learning, empowerment and participation offers the flexibility within which to frame this strategy description. Introduction of information technology into small enterprises is treated as being of strategic importance to the future growth and survival of a firm. Methods and theories now being used in The Swedish National Institute of Working Life's (Arbetslivsinstitutet) Balanced Information Technology Project are those described. The Project is located in the area of Ostersund, Sweden where small industries have the need to adopt information technology as a means of promoting continuing competitiveness
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sandberg Wollheim, Magnhild, et al.
(author)
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A long-term prospective study of optic neuritis: evaluation of risk factors
- 1990
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 27:4, s. 386-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eighty-six patients with monosymptomatic optic neuritis of unknown cause were followed prospectively for a median period of 12.9 years. At onset, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in 46 patients (53%) but oligoclonal immunoglobulin in only 40 (47%) of the patients. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 was present in 45 (52%). Clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was established in 33 patients. Actuarial analysis showed that the cumulative probability of developing MS within 15 years was 45%. Three risk factors were identified: low age and abnormal CSF at onset, and early recurrence of optic neuritis. Female gender, onset in the winter season, and the presence of HLA-DR2 antigen increased the risk for MS, but not significantly. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bilateral discrete white matter lesions, similar to those in MS, in 11 of 25 patients, 7 to 18 years after the isolated attack of optic neuritis. Nine were among the 13 with abnormal CSF and only 2 belonged to the group of 12 with normal CSF (p = 0.01). Normal CSF at the onset of optic neuritis conferred better prognosis but did not preclude the development of MS.
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| 25. |
- Steinvall, Ove, et al.
(author)
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Laser dazzling impacts on car driver performance
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing problem for the Police and Security Forces has been to prevent potentially hostile individuals to pass a checkpoint, without using lethatl violence. Therefore the question has been if there is a laser or any other strong light source that could be used as a warning and dazzling device, without lethal or long term effects. To investigate the possibilities a field trial has been performed at a motor-racing track. A green CW laser with an irradiance on the eye of maximum 0.5 MPE, as defined by ICNIRP [1] and the ANZI standard [2], was used as a dazzle source. Ten drivers have been driving with dipped headlights through a course of three lines with orange cones. In every line there has been only one gate wide enough to pass without hitting the cones. The time through the course, the choice of gates and the number of cones hit have been measured. For every second trial drive through the track, the driver was exposed to the laser dazzler. The background illuminances ranged from a thousand lux in daylight to about ten millilux in darkness. The protective effect of the sun-visor of the car was investigated. The drives visual system was carefully examined before and after experimental driving and a few weeks after the experimental driving to verify that no pathological effects, that could potentially be induced by the laser exposure, pre-existed or occurred after the laser exposure. An analysis of variance for a within subjects design has been used for evaluation. It was found that green laser light can have an obvious warning effect in daylight. Dazzling does reduce the drivers ability to make judgments and manouver the car in twilight and darkness. A sun-visor can reduce the glare and give the driver an improved control, but that perception can be unjustified. No damage to the visual system was observed.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Vinberg, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Competence Ergonomics and Learning in Enterprises
- 1999
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In: Proceedings of the 10th year anniversary of M. Sc. ergonomics. - Luleå : Luleå University of Technology. Department of Human Work Sciences. Division of Industrial Ergonomics. ; , s. 166-172
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Training in organizations aims to improve the effectiveness of the people who work for them and, as a result, improve the organisations' efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. Within the framework of the project 'Balanced Information Technology', by the National Institute for Working Life, Ostersund, the project hopes to strengthen the competitive capability of enterprises. The goal of this paper is to contribute some aspects of competence and learning factors concerning work design and change theories in relation to ergonomics.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Vinberg, Stig, et al.
(author)
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Information technology levels, competence development and performance in Swedish small business enterprises
- 2000
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In: Behavior and Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 19:3, s. 201-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyses relations between leaders' and co-workers' competence, IT-levels and organizational aspects within ten small business enterprises in Sweden. Data from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used for statistical data analyses organized in four steps. A result is that IT-levels and change competence go together with higher levels of educational investment, and that companies with high levels on these aspects also tend to have a proneness for joining change programs. Another finding is that the higher the rate of IT in a company, the lower the incidence of musculoskeletal problems among employees. The study shows that an increase in leader change competence, a flat organization, a higher leader than co-worker change competence, and an ongoing program contribute significantly to profit per capita at the company level. The analysis model seems to give a good integration of the results, but underlying mechanisms must be dealt with in future research.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Networks, ICT level and social consequences : an integrated model for small and medium sized enterprises
- 2000
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In: Ergonomics for the New Millenium. - San Diego : Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. - 0945289138 ; , s. 567-570, s. 567-570
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focus on conditions and relationships between factors in small and medium sized enterprises related to organizational change and information technology level using an integrated and empirically founded model. Data come from a study of small and medium sized enterprises in the northern part of Sweden. The design combines a quasi-experimental approach with ideas on concept-driven development and network building research. Concepts and data analysis are multi-level - an individual level with leaders and co-workers in the enterprises as units, and an organizational level, with the enterprises as units. Empirical results of network activities, ICT-level, change competencies, ergonomic and psychosocial tension are presented and related to other relevant research
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| 34. |
- Wallengren, N O, et al.
(author)
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MR imaging of the pancreas at 0.3 T using a super-paramagnetic oral contrast medium
- 1994
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In: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 35:2, s. 147-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty patients with carcinoma of the pancreas identified with ultrasonography and/or CT and confirmed by histology, were examined with MR before and after administration of an oral super-paramagnetic contrast medium. Ten patients were examined after administration of the contrast medium through a duodenal tube. Ten patients drank the contrast medium mixed with a viscosity-increasing agent. Organ delineation and diagnostic information were improved in the postcontrast scans in both groups and the viscous contrast suspension yielded better delineation and diagnostic information than the aqueous suspension. The viscous contrast suspension also showed better tolerance, contrast distribution and less artifacts than the aqueous suspension.
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| 35. |
- Wallengren, Nils-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma using double-contrast MR imaging. Technical aspects and early clinical experiences
- 1996
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In: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:5, s. 791-798
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To improve preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma with MR imaging, using a double-contrast technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Imaging was performed in 12 patients before and after i.v. injection of Gd-DTPA and rectal administration of a superparamagnetic contrast medium, mainly containing magnetite. The diagnostic information was evaluated and compared with findings at surgery and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: The superparamagnetic contrast medium enema caused a distension of the rectum and intraluminal signal void, whereas Gd-DTPA enhanced the mucosa in T1-weighted images. This allowed an evaluation of the normal rectal wall and separation of the mucosa, tunica muscularis and perirectal space in all cases, which was not possible in T1- or T2-weighted precontrast images. The rectal carcinoma could be delineated and tumor invasion to the rectal wall determined in all cases. The findings in postcontrast MR corresponded with the findings at histopathological examination in 11 of 12 patients. The histopathological examination in one patient revealed metastases (< 1 cm) in regional lymph nodes, too small to be identified in pre- or postcontrast MR images. CONCLUSION: Double-contrast-enhanced MR imaging allows evaluation of the normal rectal wall and preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.
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| 36. |
- Wallengren, Nils-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Rectal carcinoma: double-contrast MR imaging for preoperative staging
- 2000
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In: Radiology. - 1527-1315. ; 215:1, s. 108-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the imaging findings and staging of rectal carcinoma by using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR imaging with an enema of superparamagnetic ferristene-based contrast material, and MR imaging with an enema of ferristene solution plus intravenous injection of gadodiamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (17 women, 12 men; age range, 39-91 years) referred with a diagnosis of rectal carcinoma were examined. Analysis of the rectal wall and staging of the tumor were performed. In all patients, the MR imaging findings were correlated with the histopathologic findings. RESULTS: The contrast material enema caused distention of the rectum and an intraluminal signal void, whereas the gadodiamide injection caused enhancement of the mucosa on T1-weighted images. This enhancement enabled evaluation of the normal rectal wall and differentiation of the mucosa, tunica muscularis, and perirectal space, which was not possible on the nonenhanced images. Double-contrast (ferristene solution plus gadodiamide) MR imaging was superior to imaging with only ferristene-based contrast material and had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 70%, and accuracy of 90% in distinguishing tumor stages worse than Dukes A. CONCLUSION: Double contrast material-enhanced MR imaging enables accurate rectal carcinoma staging, which is not possible at nonenhanced imaging.
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| 37. |
- Yu, Zhaohua, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Green light laser exposure at 532nm near the exposure limit during a human volunteer vehicle driving task does not alter structure or function in the visual system
- 2014
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In: Journal of laser applications. - Melville : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:2, s. 022009-1-022009-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to verify nonexistence of clinically important pathological effects to the visual system after exposure to 532 nm green laser light close to the exposure limit. The present medical surveillance of vision and visual health reported in this paper is the conjunction with a study of driver performance in the presence of 532 nm laser induced glare. The driving time varied between 25 and 55 s, depending on background luminance. The laser was on during the complete test drive. The peak corneal irradiance typically was 3.5Wm2 in one test drive. Considering a typical test drive, the typical time integrated corneal radiant exposure for one test drive was estimated to be 53 J/m2. The number of test drives varied among drivers but was typically 50, thus resulting in a cumulative corneal exposure dose of approximately 2.7 kJ/m2. Altogether, ten subjects were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All ten subjects were examined for visual acuity, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, color vision, monocular reading speed, and eye structure with clinical slit-lamp microscopy examination and indirect retinoscopy. All subjects were examined before exposure, immediately after exposure, and finally within an interval between 1 week and 4 weeks after exposure. There was no significant change of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, color vision, or monocular reading speed between before and after exposure. No abnormal ocular structure was detected after exposure. This study demonstrates that close to exposure limit, exposure to 532 nm green laser light during a vehicle driving task does not induce structural or functional damage to the human visual system as observed in the interval minutes to weeks after exposure.
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