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- Eitel, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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How a picture facilitates the process of learning from text: Evidence for scaffolding
- 2013
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In: Learning and Instruction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-4752. ; 28, s. 48-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three experiments were conducted to study on a more fine-grained level how processing a picture facilitates learning from text. In Experiment 1 (N = 85), results from a drawing task revealed that the global spatial structure of a pulley system picture was extracted even from its brief inspection (for 600 ms, 2 s). In Experiment 2 (N = 105), students who initially inspected the pulley system picture (for 600 ms, 2 s, or self-paced) had better comprehension of the system's functions and made more eye movements in line with the system's global spatial structure when listening to text than students who listened to text only. In Experiment 3 (N = 39), students who first saw the picture (for 2 s) processed written text of the pulley system's spatial structure more efficiently than students who read text only. Results suggest that global spatial information extracted from the picture was used as a mental scaffold to facilitate mental model construction.
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- Scheiter, Katharina, et al.
(author)
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Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Learning with Visualizations
- 2009
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In: Cognitive effects of multimedia learning. - 9781605661582 ; , s. 67-88
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multimedia environments consist of verbal and visual representations that, if appropriately processed, allow for the construction of an integrated mental model of the content. Whereas much is known on how students learn from verbal representations, there are fewer insights regarding the processing of visual information, alone or in conjunction with text. The chapter uses a semiotics approach to provide a definition of visualizations as a specific form of external representation, then discusses the differences between verbal and visual representations in how they represent information, and finally how meaning is achieved when learning with them. The next section discusses basic perceptual and cognitive processes relevant to learning with visualizations. This background is used to specify the instructional functions that visualizations have either as self-contained instructional messages or as text adjuncts. Moreover, the role of individual differences in processing visualizations is highlighted. The chapter ends with methodological suggestions concerning the important role of interdisciplinary research and assessment methods in this area.
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