| 1. |
- Aaltonen, T., et al.
(author)
-
Combination of Tevatron Searches for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the W+W- Decay Mode
- 2010
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 104:6, s. 061802-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for a Higgs boson decaying to W+W-. The data correspond to an integrated total luminosity of 4.8 (CDF) and 5.4 (D0) fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No excess is observed above background expectation, and resulting limits on Higgs boson production exclude a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 162-166 GeV at the 95% C.L.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dulio, Valeria, et al.
(author)
-
The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) : let’s cooperate!
- 2020
-
In: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 32:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) is currently under development as a joint research and innovation programme to strengthen the scientific basis for chemical risk assessment in the EU. The plan is to bring chemical risk assessors and managers together with scientists to accelerate method development and the production of necessary data and knowledge, and to facilitate the transition to next-generation evidence-based risk assessment, a non-toxic environment and the European Green Deal. The NORMAN Network is an independent, well-established and competent network of more than 80 organisations in the field of emerging substances and has enormous potential to contribute to the implementation of the PARC partnership. NORMAN stands ready to provide expert advice to PARC, drawing on its long experience in the development, harmonisation and testing of advanced tools in relation to chemicals of emerging concern and in support of a European Early Warning System to unravel the risks of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and close the gap between research and innovation and regulatory processes. In this commentary we highlight the tools developed by NORMAN that we consider most relevant to supporting the PARC initiative: (i) joint data space and cutting-edge research tools for risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern; (ii) collaborative European framework to improve data quality and comparability; (iii) advanced data analysis tools for a European early warning system and (iv) support to national and European chemical risk assessment thanks to harnessing, combining and sharing evidence and expertise on CECs. By combining the extensive knowledge and experience of the NORMAN network with the financial and policy-related strengths of the PARC initiative, a large step towards the goal of a non-toxic environment can be taken.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, et al.
(author)
-
Results from the Swedish National Screening programme 2005. Sub report 1 Antibiotics, Anti-inflammatory substances and Hormones
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Measurements of pharmaceuticals were performed in 179 samples of water, sludge, manure, sediment and biota at background sites, municipal STPs, landfills, hospital effluents and recipient water from STPs. Bioassays of hormone activity were performed for a selected number of water samples. The NSAIDs were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and occurred in the highest concentrations. There were large differences in concentrations both between substances and between sampling sites. A regional trend in the STP effluent water could be observed for the NSAIDs and for some antibiotics with increased concentrations in samples originating from the north. No pattern could be seen for the hormones. Estrogenic effects were detected in STP outlets to the aquatic environment while values obtained for androgenicity were in most samples close to or below the detection limit. Based on the risk asessment (MEC/PNEC) risk quotients >1 was obtained for estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol and ibuprofen.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Measurements of Sucralose in the Swedish Screening Program 2007 : PART I; Sucralose in surface waters and STP samples
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av sötningsmedlet sukralos. Sukralos är en disackarid, som modifierats i tre positioner med klor. Ämnet är ca 600 gånger sötare än sackaros och används efter tillstånd i USA och Europaunionen, m.fl. länder som tillsats i livsmedel. Ämnet är lättlösligt i vatten och vid intag utsöndras minst 95 % i oförändrad form. Ingen ackumulering i organismen är känd och nedbrytning eller omvandling har endast påvisats i vattenmiljö under inverkan av mikroorganismer. Tre primära klorinnehållande omvandlingspordukter har påvisats. De studier i djurförsök som legat till grund för tillståndsgivningen har visat mycket små effekter. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna översiktliga kartläggning var att bestämma koncentrationer av sukralos i några olika matriser i miljön, framförallt för att belysa viktiga transportvägar i vattenmiljön i Sverige. Totalt bestämdes sukralos i 57 prover. Studien visar att; • Sucralose detekteras i vattenrecipienter i Sverige som tar emot utgående vatten ifrån reningsverk. • Inkommande vatten till svenska avloppsreningsverk (2 ARV) innehåller 3 500-7 900 ng sukralos/l. • Reningsgraden m a p. sukralos är låg i reningsverk, maximalt uppmättes 10 % reningsgrad i de parade prover som analyserats (inkommande/utgående). • Sukralos detekterades i alla de 29 utgående reningsverksvattenproverna ifrån 25 olika reningsverk i landet; 1 800-10 800 ng/l, median 4 900 ng/l. • Det sker ingen ackumulation av sukralos i slam. Denna rapport utgör den första delen av en fördjupad screening av sukralos i den svenska miljön. I en fortsättande, kommande rapport kommer resultat ifrån undersökningar av sukralosupptag i akvatiska biotaprover att redovisas.
|
|
| 5. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Measurements of Sucralose in the Swedish Screening Program 2007 -PART I; Sucralose in surface waters and STP samples.
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment related to wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 57 samples were analysed representing wastewater and sludge from sewage treatment plants as well as surface waters.
|
|
| 6. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Measurements of Sucralose in the Swedish Screening program 2007. PART II; Sucralose in Biota samples and regional STP samples
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA, reported in two consecutive parts. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment such as biota, wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 84 samples were analysed. This report constitutes part 2 of the study.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2008. Screening of unintentionally produced organic contaminants
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report considers the screening of unintentionally produced substances. Substance groups included in the screening program were oxygenated and nitrated forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds. Polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDD) and furans (PBDF), polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDT) and dibenzotianthrenes (PCDTA) were also included in the study. PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were included as reference substances. The results of the screening showed that oxidized and nitrated forms of PAHs as well as heterocyclic analogues of PAHs were frequently found in background and urban areas and in most of the environmental matrices included in the study. PCDTs were found in most abiotic samples while PCDTA generally was below the limit-of-detection. The concentrations of PBDDs were generally below the limit-of-detection but were found in deposition, urban sediment, background sediment, and fish from Kvädöfjärden. The PBDF concentrations in air varied widely in time and space. OBDF occurred in similar concentrations as PCBs in air, deposition, sediment and soil.
|
|
| 8. |
- Carlsson, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as sentinels for the elucidation of Arctic environmental change processes : a comprehensive review combined with ArcRisk project results
- 2018
-
In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:23, s. 22499-22528
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be used as chemical sentinels for the assessment of anthropogenic influences on Arctic environmental change. We present an overview of studies on PCBs in the Arctic and combine these with the findings from ArcRisk-a major European Union-funded project aimed at examining the effects of climate change on the transport of contaminants to and their behaviour of in the Arctic-to provide a case study on the behaviour and impact of PCBs over time in the Arctic. PCBs in the Arctic have shown declining trends in the environment over the last few decades. Atmospheric long-range transport from secondary and primary sources is the major input of PCBs to the Arctic region. Modelling of the atmospheric PCB composition and behaviour showed some increases in environmental concentrations in a warmer Arctic, but the general decline in PCB levels is still the most prominent feature. 'Within-Arctic' processing of PCBs will be affected by climate change-related processes such as changing wet deposition. These in turn will influence biological exposure and uptake of PCBs. The pan-Arctic rivers draining large Arctic/sub-Arctic catchments provide a significant source of PCBs to the Arctic Ocean, although changes in hydrology/sediment transport combined with a changing marine environment remain areas of uncertainty with regard to PCB fate. Indirect effects of climate change on human exposure, such as a changing diet will influence and possibly reduce PCB exposure for indigenous peoples. Body burdens of PCBs have declined since the 1980s and are predicted to decline further.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hansen, Mona C., et al.
(author)
-
Sorption of perfluorinated compounds from contaminated water to activated carbon
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 10:2, s. 179-185
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perfluorinated compounds (PFC) are toxic and bioaccumulative compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. It is important to develop effective techniques to remove PFC from water. This study is the first to investigate sorption of PFC to activated carbon (AC) at environmentally relevant nanogram per liter concentrations. Batch AC sorption isotherms were measured for water from a contaminated groundwater well, for three perfluorosulfonates and five perfluoroacetic acids. For perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid Freundlich sorption coefficients, log K (iF), for powdered activated carbon (PAC) were 4.0 and 3.8 (ng/g)(ng/L)(-n) , respectively, and for granular activated carbon (GAC) were 2.7 and 2.3 (ng/g)(ng/L)(-n) , respectively. Sorption was nonlinear, with Freundlich n coefficients generally around 0.5. The K (iF) on both GAC and PAC were PFC chain-length dependant, with increasing number of carbon yielding increasing K (iF). This chain-length dependence appeared stronger for perfluorosulfonates than for perfluoroacetic acids. Tests with short (10 min) adsorption times still yielded substantial PFC removal (20-40% for GAC, 60-90% for PAC) and revealed that AC is probably suitable for PFC removal in flow-through systems. A perfluorinated polymer, Teflon, was also tested as a PFC removal agent but proved not to be effective for PFC-contaminated water purification.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(author)
-
Screening 2004 - uppföljningsprojekt : Analys av oktaklorstyren, flyktiga metylsiloxaner, vissa fenoler och endosulfan
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- • Oktaklorstyren samt penta- och hexaklorbensen har analyserats i strömming från 17 lokaler längs Norrlands- och Svealandskusten. Oktaklorstyren kunde påvisas i samtliga prov. Medianhalten var 7,4 ng/g fett i vårfångade prov och 1,6 ng/g fett i höstfångade prov. Halten är låg i förhållande till det gränsvärde för human konsumtion som finns i en av USAs delstater. • Flyktiga metylsiloxaner samt 4-nonylfenol, 4-t-oktylfenol, triclosan och bisfenol A har analyserats i in- och utgående vatten samt slam från Borlänge reningsverk. Transporterade mängder har beräknats. Av de analyserade ämnena var in- och utgående mängd störst för D5 (dekametylcyklopentasiloxan). Inkommande mängd D5 var 490 g/dygn, utgående 24 g/dygn med vatten och 49 g/dygn med rötslam. • Flyktiga metylsiloxaner har analyserats i förpackade livsmedel. Låga halter av cykliska siloxaner kunde påvisas i ett av tio prover. • Endosulfan har analyserats i luft- och depositionsprov från bakgrundsstationerna Råö och Pallas. Medelkoncentrationen i luft var högst under sommarhalvåret: 22 pg/m3 i Råö och 11 pg/m3 i Pallas. Deponerade mängder var också högst under sommarhalvåret: 1,0 ng/m2•dygn i Råö och 0,26 ng/m2•dygn i Pallas. • En översikt har gjorts över tidigare analyserade endosulfanhalter i svenska livsmedel. Antalet varor som innehöll halter av endosulfan över detektionsgränsen (0,01-0,04 mg/kg) har minskat under perioden 1995-2005 vilket speglar den minskade användningen i Europa. Efter år 2000 finns inga rapporter om endosulfan i svenskodlade grönsaker. Några gånger per år hittas importerad frukt och grönsaker med endosulfanhalter som vid stor konsumtion bedöms kunna ge barn akuta hälsoeffekter. Beräkningar av kroniskt intag visar att intaget i Sverige ligger på ca 1 % av "acceptabelt dagligt intag" dvs under risknivån för kroniska hälsoeffekter.
|
|
| 11. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(author)
-
Screening 2004 - uppföljningsprojekt. Analys av oktaklorstyren, flyktiga metylsiloxaner, vissa fenoler och endosulfan
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- - Oktaklorstyren samt penta- och hexaklorbensen har analyserats i strömming från 17 lokaler längs Norrlands- och Svealandskusten. Oktaklorstyren kunde påvisas i samtliga prov. - Flyktiga metylsiloxaner samt 4-nonylfenol, 4-t-oktylfenol, triclosan och bisfenol A har analyserats i in- och utgående vatten samt slam från Borlänge reningsverk. Transporterade mängder har beräknats. - Flyktiga metylsiloxaner har analyserats i förpackade livsmedel. Låga halter av cykliska siloxaner kunde påvisas i ett av tio prover. - Endosulfan har analyserats i luft- och depositionsprov från bakgrundsstationerna Råö och Pallas. Medelkoncentrationen i luft var högst under sommarhalvåret: 22 pg/m3 i Råö och 11 pg/m3 i Pallas. Deponerade mängder var också högst under sommarhalvåret: 1,0 ng/m2/dygn i Råö och 0,26 ng/m2/dygn i Pallas. - En översikt har gjorts över tidigare analyserade endosulfanhalter i svenska livsmedel. Antalet varor som innehöll halter av endosulfan över detektionsgränsen (0,01-0,04 mg/kg) har minskat under perioden 1995-2005 vilket speglar den minskade användningen i Europa. Efter år 2000 finns inga rapporter om endosulfan i svenskodlade grönsaker. Några gånger per år hittas importerad frukt och grönsaker med endosulfanhalter som vid stor konsumtion bedöms kunna ge barn akuta hälsoeffekter. Beräkningar av kroniskt intag visar att intaget i Sverige ligger på ca 1 % av 'acceptabelt dagligt intag' dvs under risknivån för kroniska hälsoeffekter
|
|
| 12. |
- Knudsen, Lisa B., et al.
(author)
-
Halogenated organic contaminants and mercury in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) : levels, relationships to dietary descriptors and blood to liver comparison
- 2007
-
In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 146:1, s. 25-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) is an interesting candidate for the study of patterns and levels of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) since they accumulate high levels of certain HOCs. In the present study we characterized a suite of established and novel HOCs in northern fulmars breeding on Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic. A comparison between blood and liver HOC levels was made, and the levels were related to the ratios of heavier to lighter stable isotopes of nitrogen (15)N/(14)N (delta(15)N) and carbon (13)C/(12)C (delta(13)C) in muscle. A significant difference in congener patterns between blood and liver was found. The delta(13)C was not related to HOCs, neither in liver nor in blood. Weak correlations were found between delta(15)N and liver HOC levels. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) in northern fulmars were well above thresholds for reproductive effects in seabirds.
|
|
| 13. |
- Krogseth, Ingjerd S., et al.
(author)
-
Occurrence and seasonality of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in arctic air
- 2013
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 47:1, s. 502-509
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are present in technical applications and personal care products. They are predicted to undergo long-range atmospheric transport, but measurements of cVMS in remote areas remain scarce. An active air sampling method for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was further evaluated to include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). Air samples were collected at the Zeppelin observatory in the remote Arctic (79 degrees N, 12 degrees E) with an average sampling time of 81 +/- 23 h in late summer (August-October) and 25 +/- 10 h in early winter (November-December) 2011. The average concentrations of D5 and D6 in late summer were 0.73 +/- 0.31 and 0.23 +/- 0.17 ng/m(3), respectively, and 2.94 +/- 0.46 and 0.45 +/- 0.18 ng/m(3) in early winter, respectively. Detection of D5 and D6 in the Arctic atmosphere confirms their long-range atmospheric transport. The D5 measurements agreed well with predictions from a Eulerian atmospheric chemistry-transport model, and seasonal variability was explained by the seasonality in the OH radical concentrations. These results extend our understanding of the atmospheric fate of D5 to high latitudes, but question the levels of D3 and D4 that have previously been measured at Zeppelin with passive air samplers.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lilja, Karl, et al.
(author)
-
Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme. Subreport 3: Pigments
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL has performed a 'screening study' of the ester octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate on commission from the Swedish EPA. The objectives of the screening were to determine if octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate is present in different matrices in the Swedish environment, and if so, at what concentrations. In total 64 samples were analysed representing soil, surface water, sediment, biota (fish), influent and effluent waters and sludge from STPs, storm waters, and leachate water and sludge from landfills. Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate was found in all analysed STP sludge samples. It was also found in all analysed influent water samples, but concentrations were generally lower or below the detection limit in effluent water. Thus, removal of the substance from the water phase takes place during the waste water treatment process, plausible by absorption to sludge. Concentrations in the same range as in influent waters or higher was also found in the storm water samples. The chemical could also be detected just above the detection limit in two out of three fish samples, but not in soil, surface water or sediment from the city of Stockholm. Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate could not be detected in any of the samples from background areas. All together, this screening study shows that diffuse emissions of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate in the urban environment take place, resulting in exposure to and uptake in biota. Due to the limited ecotoxicological data available, it is not possible to determine the risk of its presence in the environment, but based on animal studies the chemical is considered to have a low hazard potential for human health.
|
|
| 15. |
- Lilja, Karl, et al.
(author)
-
Screening study on occurrence of hazardous substances in the eastern Baltic Sea
- 2009
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL and NILU have during 2008/2009 as an assignment from HELCOM, performed a screening study in the eastern Baltic Sea environment on the occurrence of eight of the substances/substance groups identified as hazardous under the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Of the eight substances or substance classes included in the study, six of them were found above LOQ; organic tin compounds, PBDEs, PFAS, nonylphenol, chlorinated paraffins and endosulfan (endosulfan sulphate). Substances that occurred in fish samples from all sampling sites were; TBT, PBDEs (BDE 47 and BDE 100), PFAS (PFOS), chlorinated paraffins (SCCP), and endosulfan (endosulfan sulphate). Additionally, bisphenol A was found in fish from almost all sampling sites. PFAS (PFOS and PFOA), octyphenol and nonylphenol were found in one, one and six water samples, respectively. No obvious differences in concentrations could be seen between the sampling sites classified as background areas and affected areas. Furthermore, no clear general differences between affected sites could be seen. Concentrations found for the different substances were lower or in the same range as previously reported from other areas of the Baltic Sea, thus the eastern Baltic Sea environment does not seem to be more polluted compared to the Baltic Sea in general. For all the substances, except TBT, concentrations found were below reported PNEC values. However, for TBT, concentrations in several fish muscle samples were close to or above the PNEC value estimated for protection of human health considering consumption of fishery products. Additionally, PFOS levels in fish liver exceeded the PNEC value regarding secondary poisoning of predators in six samples, but PFOS levels in fish muscle were not measured in this study.
|
|
| 16. |
- Rohler, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air - Part 2 : Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air
- 2020
-
In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:14, s. 9031-9049
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Norwegian Arctic possesses a unique environment for the detection of new potential chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) due to remoteness, sparse population and the low number of local contamination sources. Hence, a contaminant present in Arctic air is still considered a priority indication for its environmental stability and environmental mobility. Today, legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related conventional environmental pollutants are already well-studied because of their identification as Arctic pollutants in the 1980s. Many of them are implemented and reported in various national and international monitoring activities including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). These standard monitoring schemes, however, are based on compound-specific quantitative analytical methods. Under such conditions, the possibility for the identification of hitherto unidentified contaminants is limited and random at best. Today, new and advanced technological developments allow a broader, unspecific analytical approach as either targeted multicomponent analysis or suspect and non-target screening strategies. In order to facilitate such a wide range of compounds, a wide-scope sample clean-up method for high-volume air samples based on a combination of adsorbents was applied, followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography separation and low-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC x GC-LRMS). During the study reported here, simultaneous non-target and suspect screening were applied. The detection of over 700 compounds of interest in the particle phase and over 1200 compounds in the gaseous phase is reported. Of those, 62 compounds were confirmed with reference standards and 90 compounds with a probable structure (based upon mass spectrometric interpretation and library spectrum comparison). These included compounds already detected in Arctic matrices and compounds not detected previously (see also Fig. 1). In addition, 241 compounds were assigned a tentative structure or compound class. Hitherto unknown halogenated compounds, which are not listed in the mass spectral libraries used, were also detected and partly identified.
|
|
| 17. |
- Schlabach, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Suspect screening in Nordic countries : point sources in city areas
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report describes the results of a suspect screening study in samples from city areas in the Nordic countries. In contrast to target analysis, suspect screening starts with a general sample preparation and identification including as much compounds as possible. The resulting list of recorded compounds will be identified by comparison with a list of suspected compounds. Suspect screening has shown to be very useful for identification of emerging environmental pollutants. It was possible to identify: Perfluorinated compounds (PFC), chlorinated and brominated compounds, flame retardants, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), industrial additives, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP). This study was jointly performed by NILU, NIVA, and Umeå University on behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers. The study was supervised by the Nordic screening group.
|
|
| 18. |
- Woldegiorgis, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2005 : Subreport 3: Perflourinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS)
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har, tillsammans med NILU (Norsk institutt för luftforskning), på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av perflourinerade ämnen (PFAS). Huvudsyftet med studien var att bestämma koncentrationer i olika matriser i miljön, att belysa viktiga transportvägar samt att bedöma sannolikheten för pågående emissioner i Sverige. Studiens resultat skall kunna bidra med underlag för beslut om vidare miljöövervakning av dessa ämnen. I den ursprungliga beställningen ifrån Naturvårdsverket var perflourobutansulfonat (PFBS) det ämne som skulle undersökas men ytterligare 12 PFAS har inkluderats i studien. PFAS har en omfattande användning. Under de senaste decenniet har PFAS blivit mycket uppmärksammade som problematiska föroreningar i miljön. PFAS är som ämnesgrupp mycket toxisk och persistent. En provtagningsstrategi utarbetades utifrån ämnenas möjliga källor. Potentiella punktkällor, diffusa källor (reningsverk) samt bakgrundsstationer valdes ut och provtagningen utfördes i luft, nederbörd, vatten, slam, sediment och fisk. Tre länsstyrelser bidrog med ytterligare nio prover fördelat på ett sedimentprov, fyra slamprover samt fyra vattenprover. Variationen mellan koncentrationer av PFAS var stor både mellan olika substanser och mellan olika provtagningsplatser. Det mest frekvent detekterade PFAS var PFOS. De olika ämnena inom PFAS-gruppen förekom frekvent i proverna från de olika reningsverken vilket indikerar betydelsen av dessa som källa till miljön. Skillnaderna i halter mellan de olika reningsverken var dock stor, både för utgående vatten och för slam. Förhöjda halter av PFAS detekterades även i lakvatten ifrån deponier varför även dessa typer av anläggningar bör betraktas som källor till spridning i miljön. I de luftprover som analyserats var PFOS, PFOA och PFOSA de vanligast förkommande av de i studien ingående PFAS. För PFOS och PFOSA var halterna i prover ifrån urban miljö förhöjda jämfört med bakgrundsproverna medan luftproverna insamlade i anslutning till utvald punktkälla ej var högre än de uppmätta bakgrundshalterna. Långväga transport föreslås som en viktig spridningsväg för PFAS. Även i nederbördsprover var PFOS och PFOA vanligt förekommande dock ej PFOSA. Ett mönster som kunde skönjas var att sulfonamiden PFOSA företrädelsevis detekterades i luft samt fasta matriser (sediment, slam) emedan den telomera föreningen 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperflourooktansulfonat detekterades vanligen i vattenprover (nederbörd, ytvatten).
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Woldegiorgis, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
Results from the Swedish screening 2006. Subreport 4: Pharmaceuticals
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har IVL under 2006/2007 utfört en screening av läkemedel. I denna screening ingick såväl mätningar inom ett nationellt program som analys av prover som samlats in regionalt via länsstyrelserna. Målsättningen med screeningen var att bestämma förekomst av utvalda läkemedelssubstanser i olika matriser i den svenska miljön, att identifiera viktiga transportvägar samt att få en uppfattning om pågående emissioner till den svenska miljön. Läkemedel sprids framförallt via användning på sjukhus eller i hemmen samt från dess upplagring som avfall på deponier. Screeningen fokuserade därmed på reningsverk och deponier. Betydelsen av diffus spridning i urban miljö undersöktes ytterligare via provtagning av vatten, sediment och biota i centrala Stockholm. Bakgrundsnivåer av ämnena bestämdes i vatten och sedimentprover från lokaler där den humana påverkan ansågs vara marginell. För att få en uppfattning om detekterade koncentrationer kommer ifrån hushållsanvändning via avloppsströmmar analyserades även koffein, en vanligt förekommande substans i vatten från reningsverk....
|
|
