| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Anderson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Does Host Size and Feeding Status Influence the Egg Load of Microplitis rufiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)?
- 2011
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In: Annals of the Entomological Society of America. - 0013-8746. ; 104, s. 221-228
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of host instar and feeding status on the egg load of early life stage in Microplitis rufiventris Kokujev (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of some noctuid pests. The wasps that developed from fourth or fifth instars of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae were heavier in weight than those from earlier stages. Different numbers of mature eggs were found in the two ovaries of the female wasp. Egg loads, corresponding to fitness, were significantly influenced by female weight and feeding status. However, the interactions between the two treatment factors were not significant. The average number of mature eggs carried by females at eclosion time ranged from 52 eggs in smaller wasps to 62 eggs in larger wasps. Females that were fed had higher egg loads and egg maturation rate than unfed females. However, female wasps were capable of maturing considerable number of eggs without feeding; suggesting that they produce a certain portion of eggs from nutritional reserves that had been stored during larval stage. Female wasps are weakly synovigenic, with an egg maturation at a rate of approximate to 1.8 eggs per h. Further investigation is required to verify the rate of egg maturation and eventually egg resorption in different stages of adult female M. rufiventris.
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| 4. |
- Anderson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Peripheral modulation of olfaction by physiological state in the Egyptian leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- 2009
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In: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1910 .- 1879-1611. ; 55, s. 793-797
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insects show behavioural plasticity based on their physiological state. Deprivation from a resource will normally make them more responsive to it or to perform behaviour increasing the probability of encountering such a resource. Modulation of the olfactory system has been shown mainly in the central nervous system, but also in the periphery. In this study, antennal sensitivity of females of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis to different plant and sex pheromone odours was measured using electroantennography (EAG). Different mating status, age, and feeding status were used to investigate peripheral changes in olfactory responses. Virgin females were found to be more sensitive to plant odours and sex pheromone compared to mated females. Age also had an impact on antennal sensitivity, 2 and 4 days old females being more sensitive than just-emerged ones. Such an increase in sensitivity could be explained by maturation of olfactory receptor neurons after emergence or by an increase in motivation as the available expected life time remaining decreases. Finally, feeding status did not modify the antennal sensitivity of females. A peripheral modulation could thus be demonstrated in the olfactory system of female Spodoptera littoralis at certain life stages. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(author)
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Solving Problems in Social-Ecological Systems : Definition, Practice and Barriers of Transdisciplinary Research
- 2013
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 254-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Translating policies about sustainable development as a social process and sustainability outcomes into the real world of social-ecological systems involves several challenges. Hence, research policies advocate improved innovative problem-solving capacity. One approach is transdisciplinary research that integrates research disciplines, as well as researchers and practitioners. Drawing upon 14 experiences of problem-solving, we used group modeling to map perceived barriers and bridges for researchers' and practitioners' joint knowledge production and learning towards transdisciplinary research. The analysis indicated that the transdisciplinary research process is influenced by (1) the amount of traditional disciplinary formal and informal control, (2) adaptation of project applications to fill the transdisciplinary research agenda, (3) stakeholder participation, and (4) functional team building/development based on self-reflection and experienced leadership. Focusing on implementation of green infrastructure policy as a common denominator for the delivery of ecosystem services and human well-being, we discuss how to diagnose social-ecological systems, and use knowledge production and collaborative learning as treatments.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Binyameen, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Identification of Plant Semiochemicals and Characterization of New Olfactory Sensory Neuron Types in a Polyphagous Pest Moth, Spodoptera littoralis
- 2014
-
In: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 39, s. 719-733
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phytophagous insects use blends of volatiles released from plants to select hosts for feeding and oviposition. To behaviorally analyze complex blends, we need efficient and selective methods for elucidating neuron types, their ligands, and specificity. Gas chromatography-combined single sensillum recordings (GC-SSRs) from antennal olfactory sensilla of female moth, Spodoptera littoralis revealed 38 physiologically active peaks in the headspace volatile blends from both larvae-damaged cotton plants and lilac flowers. Using GC-combined mass spectrometry, 9 new physiologically active compounds were identified from damaged cotton and 11 from lilac compared with earlier electrophysiological studies using antennae of female S. littoralis. We characterized 14 novel classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Among these, we found the first 2 ligands for a frequent type of short trichoid sensillum, for which no ligands were identified earlier. By using GC-SSR, a substantial increase in functional classes of OSNs and active compounds, 40% and 34% more, respectively, compared with recent studies using GC-electroantennogram or SSR using single compounds was detected. Compared with the estimated number of corresponding antennal olfactory receptors, the OSN classes now correspond to 83% of a likely maximum. The many specialist OSNs observed may facilitate behavioral confirmation of key plant volatiles in blends.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Borén, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Beringia - en region? : Introduktion till en relationell regionalgeografi.
- 2008
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In: Kring Beringia.. - : SSAG, Stockholm. ; , s. 7-18
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Beringia - en region? är introduktionen till antologin Kring Beringia. Expeditioner och folk. Introduktionen behandlar regionbegreppet, relationella rum och sovjetisk geografi, samt sammanfattar kort de olika kapitelbidragen.
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| 11. |
- Christiansson, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Expanding environmental Perspectives
- 1994
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In: Expanding environmental perspectives : lessons of the past, prospects for the future. - 917966279X ; , s. 119-142
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 12. |
- Dawson, Lucas, et al.
(author)
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Less is more : Strategic scale site suitability for concentrated solar thermal power in Western Australia
- 2012
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 47, s. 91-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) represents a technology with a great deal of promise for low-emissions electricity generation. Several recent studies have identified large swathes of the world's 'sunbelt' as technically suitable for the technology, but current estimates grossly overestimate site suitability for CSP. There is a need for more realistic suitability estimations in order to provide a more accurate basis for policy and investment decisions. This paper establishes a generally applicable GIS-based methodology to better enable identification of CSP-suitable sites at the continental scale. We test the methodology, identifying a large number of CSP suitable sites in Western Australia (WA). Our results indicate a 99.4% reduction from technically suitable areas to areas showing medium-to-very-high suitability in the current and near term in WA. The availability of infrastructure is critical to site suitability and the introduction of new major loads and infrastructure in currently under-developed regions is likely to open up further areas with medium to very high suitability. Despite the fact that current global/continental scale estimates of CSP potentials are likely overestimated by at least two orders of magnitude, truly CSP-suitable areas remain more than sufficient to motivate investment in utility-scale CSP and power potentials from this technology remain enormous.
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| 13. |
- Elbakidze, Marine, et al.
(author)
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Is spatial planning a collaborative learning process? A case study from a rural-urban gradient in Sweden
- 2015
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In: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 48, s. 270-285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- International and national policies stress the importance of spatial planning for the long-term sustainability of regions. This paper identifies the extent to which the spatial planning in a Swedish region can be characterised as a collaborative learning process. By combining qualitative interviews and systems thinking methods we analysed the main attributes of public-led spatial (i.e. comprehensive) planning in nine municipalities representing a steep urban-rural gradient in the Bergslagen region of Central Sweden. We show that the attributes of strategic spatial planning needed for collaborative learning were absent or undeveloped. All studied municipalities experienced challenges in coordinating complex issues regarding long-term planning to steer territorial development and help to solve conflicts among competing interests. Stakeholder participation was identified as a basic condition for social learning in planning. Together with stakeholders we identified the causal structure behind stakeholder participation in municipal planning processes, including main drivers and feedback loops. We conclude that there is a need for arenas allowing and promoting stakeholder activity, participation and inclusion that combines both bottom-up and top-down approaches, and where evidence-based collaborative learning can occur.
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| 14. |
- Ketzer, Daniel, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Driving and restraining forces for the implementation of the Agrophotovoltaics system technology : A system dynamics analysis
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 270
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The innovative Agrophotovoltaics (APV) system technology combines agricultural biomass and solar power production on the same site and aims at reducing the conflict between food and power production. Unrelated to this benefit, this technology may impact the landscape negatively and could thus be subject to public opposition and/or restraining frameworks. The presented study offers a System Dynamics (SD) approach, through Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) models, based on the results of citizen workshops, literature research, and expert discussions on the technology. A comprehensive analysis of the driving and restraining forces for the implementation of APV-technology and expected or potential impacts reveals influential factors. Hence, this SD approach identifies bottlenecks and conflicting objectives in the technology implementation that need to be further addressed. A key finding is that successful APV-projects would require stakeholder involvement to achieve greater local acceptance. When it comes to production on agricultural land, APV-systems may drive the land use efficiency to up to 186 percent when the PV-panels serve for protection against heat stress. On the other hand, altered precipitation patterns and impacts on agricultural cultivation and, especially, the landscape caused by the technical system, may restrain the application of APV. Finally, system design factors and operator modes are amongst the criteria that may influence the local acceptance in society, farmers’ motivation for APV and economic factors for the market launch of APV. © 2020 The Authors
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| 15. |
- Ketzer, Daniel, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Driving and restraining forces for the implementation of the Agrophotovoltaics system technology – A system dynamics analysis
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The political goal to combat climate change by a high share of renewable energy may trigger conflicts between biomass and power production, as Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be installed on arable land used for food production. The innovative Agrophotovoltaics (APV) system technology combines agricultural biomass and solar power production on the same site and aims at reducing the conflict between food and power production. A comprehensive analysis of the driving and restraining forces 15 for the implementation of APV-technology and expected or potential impacts on the environment is required. The presented study offers a so-called Systems Dynamics (SD) approach based on the results of citizen workshops, literature research, and expert discussions on the technology. This analysis produces Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs), which describe optimization problems between power production and agriculture. Finally, these findings are criteria that may influence the local acceptance 20 in society, farmers’ motivation for APV and economic factors for the market launch of APV. Thus, this SD approach identifies bottlenecks and conflicting objectives in the technology implementation that need to be further addressed.
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| 16. |
- Ketzer, Daniel, 1988-
(author)
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Land Use Conflicts between Agriculture and Energy Production : Systems Approaches to Allocate Potentials for Bioenergy and Agrophotovoltaics
- 2020
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The developments towards a bio-based economy and a renewable energy-based power supply require thorough assessments of feedstocks and frameworks. In the past, political targets for increasing shares of renewable energies for combatting climate change have triggered direct land use changes (LUCs) and even indirect land use changes (iLUCs). As a consequence, residues from grassland and agriculture, which are not used for other purposes, got into the focus of renewable energy policies. Despite the technical feasibility, a general approach for assessing amounts of residues has been lacking, making planning processes for bioenergy highly customized. This study introduces a general, uniform modeling-approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and publicly available statistical and map data to locate potentials on a 1 km-grid throughout the European Union (EU). Sustainable potentials were calculated for five model regions in Northwest Europe considering input data such as animal livestock, regional (elevation-dependent) yield data, protection areas, and residue-to-crop ratios. Framing two scenarios, the model results were fed into a Decision Support Tool (DST) as a planning tool for bioenergy. Agricultural residues and surplus grass may provide significant potentials on regional levels, e.g. up to 52,236 TJ/ a from straw and 1,301 TJ/ a from root crop residues in Northrhine-Westphalia, or 9,141 TJ/ a from oil plant residues in Île de France, and 12,226 TJ of surplus grass in Rhineland-Palatinate.At the same time, ground mounted PV-systems were installed on arable land formerly used for food or feed production. Hence, high quality soils were taken out of agricultural production. For addressing this type of conflict, Agrophotovoltaic (APV) systems combine agricultural biomass and solar power production on the same site and time for increasing area use efficiency. Even though APV might prove suitable in the technical sense, it might be rejected by society i.e. due to its landscape impact. The Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)-concept was applied for APV by involving stakeholders already in the technology development process. In a series of workshops with citizens and experts, a comprehensive analysis of the driving and restraining forces for APV was done. A System Dynamics approach with Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD) visualizes and reveals the internal and external dynamics of the APV-technology. Stakeholders have pointed out the importance of defining a good framework for APV first, i.e. roof and industrial areas for PV system shall be exploited first. Any change in the set-up for the PV-system impacts the conditions for the agricultural cultivation conditions, i.e. the height and width of the mounting system influences the working conditions and distribution of water. The shading of the plants can increase the yields in dry and hot summers, while it may lead to yield reductions in other years. The acceptance level is driven by regional aspects such as tourism, local recreation and landscape impact. In this way, local knowledge from participatory studies is seen as prerequisite for a legitimate framework.
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| 17. |
- Klintenberg, Patrik
(author)
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More Water, Less Grass? : An assessment of resource degradation and stakeholders’ perceptions of environmental change in Ombuga Grassland, Northern Namibia
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objectives of this thesis are to assess: to what degree have natural resources deteriorated in a grazing area in northern Namibia, how do perceptions of environmental change held by local stakeholders there, correspond to scientific assessments, and how do these relate to national estimates? Analysis of the process of developing national indicators for monitoring of land degradation concluded that specific indicators should be developed on national level, and in some instances even on local level as there are no universal causes of land degradation. According to farmers overgrazing and low rainfall since the early 1990s cause negative environmental changes in the study area, partly confirming findings from national monitoring. Results also suggest that: less grazing outside the study area, improved access, permanent water supply, and fencing of large areas, also contributed. Results show that improved water supply was the most important factor. Investigation of the influence of permanent water points on grazing resources showed that perennial grasses are replaced by less palatable annual grasses as far as 6 km from water points along a water pipeline. No significant grazing induced changes in grass composition were observed around privately owned wells. Private ownership seems to be a key factor preventing over-utilization of grazing resources around the latter. A remote sensing study using Landsat TM imagery identified bare ground, saltpans and grassland with a fair accuracy. Separation of woodland from shrubland and shrubland from grassland was less accurate using supervised classification. The results show that the soil adjusted vegetation index provides valuable information about variations of green biomass over time in semi-arid environments. However, it is suggested that satellite based investigations should be supported by thorough ground based assessment due to the influence of underlying soil in this environment.
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| 18. |
-
Kring Beringia. : Expeditioner och folk.
- 2008
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Kring Beringia behandlar en internationell samling geografer och andra forskare och skribenter frågor om samhälle, miljö och resurser i Beringregionen, med tungdpunkt på den ryska delen.Kapitelförfattare är Thomas Borén och Peter Schlyter, Kristian Gerner, John Round, Jessica Graybill, Bente Eriksen, Elinor Andrén, Lada Lekai, Mikael Strandberg, samt Carl Johan Gurt.
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| 19. |
- Kromann, Sophie, et al.
(author)
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Concurrent modulation of neuronal and behavioural olfactory responses to sex and host plant cues in a male moth
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 282
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mating has profound effects on animal physiology and behaviour, not only in females but also in males, which we show here for olfactory responses. In cotton leafworm moths, Spodoptera littoralis, odour-mediated attraction to sex pheromone and plant volatiles are modulated after mating, producing a behavioural response that matches the physiological condition of the male insect. Unmated males are attracted by upwind flight to sex pheromone released by calling females, as well as to volatiles of lilac flowers and green leaves of the host plant cotton, signalling adult food and mating sites, respectively. Mating temporarily abolishes male attraction to females and host plant odour, but does not diminish attraction to flowers. This behavioural modulation is correlated with a response modulation in the olfactory system, as shown by electro-physiological recordings from antennae and by functional imaging of the antennal lobe, using natural odours and synthetic compounds. An effect of mating on the olfactory responses to pheromone and cotton plant volatiles but not to lilac flowers indicates the presence of functionally independent neural circuits within the olfactory system. Our results indicate that these circuits interconnect and weigh perception of social and habitat odour signals to generate appropriate behavioural responses according to mating state.
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| 20. |
- Kundzewicz, Z. W., et al.
(author)
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Impacts of climate extremes on activity sectors : stakeholders' perspective
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-798X .- 1434-4483. ; 93:02-jan, s. 117-132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Significant changes in the climatic system have been observed, which may be attributed to human-enhanced greenhouse effect. Even stronger changes are projected for the future, impacting in an increasing way on human activity sectors. The present contribution, prepared in the framework of the MICE (Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes) Project of the European Union, reviews how climate change may impact on winter tourism in the Alpine region, intense precipitation and flood potential in central Europe, forest damage in Scandinavia and beach holidays in the Mediterranean coast. Impacts are likely to be serious and largely adverse. Due to a lack of adequate information and lack of broadly accepted and reliable mathematical models describing the impact of changes in climate extremes on these activity sectors, it has been found useful to use expert judgement based impact assessment. Accordingly, regional mini-workshops were organized serving as platforms for communication between scientists and stakeholders, vehicles for dissemination of the state-of-the-art of the scientific understanding and for learning stakeholders' view on extreme events, their impacts and the preparedness system. Stakeholders had the opportunity to react to the scientific results and to reflect on their perception of the likely impacts of projected changes in extremes on relevant activity sectors and the potential to adapt and avert adverse consequences. The results reported in this paper present the stakeholders' suggestions for essential information on different extreme event impacts and their needs from science.
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| 21. |
- Martel, Véronique, et al.
(author)
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Host-dependent larval migration and parasitism risk in a polyphagous moth
- 2024
-
In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 172, s. 523-532
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Female herbivorous insects are expected to oviposit on the host plant providing the best performance of the offspring. However, in some insects the larvae are mobile and are not totally dependent on the mother's choice. They can change host plant when conditions for development or exposure to natural enemies vary between individual plants within a patch. Here we study larval migration and preference between two host plants, cotton and alfalfa, in the Egyptian leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Previous studies have shown that although larval performance is better on cotton, females prefer to oviposit on alfalfa, and this preference corresponds to a higher survival of the eggs. In this study, S. littoralis larvae showed directed movement between host plants and were found to prefer alfalfa over cotton in field test in Egypt, as well as in laboratory selection of feeding site assays. To determine effects by natural enemies, the parasitism rates and various life-history traits were measured for one larval parasitoid, Microplitis rufiventris Kokujev (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on several host plants including cotton and clover (equivalent host plant to alfalfa). Overall, parasitism was higher on cotton and parasitoid performance (cocoon mass, adult longevity, and female egg load) was better on cotton compared to clover. This fact suggests an enemy-free space on clover and alfalfa, as parasitism rate is higher on cotton, and the parasitoid performance is also better on cotton-fed larvae.Larval migration was investigated in the Egyptian leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae showed directed movement between host plants and were found to prefer alfalfa over cotton in field and laboratory tests, even though larval performance is better on cotton. However, parasitism rates were higher and parasitoid performance (cocoon mass, adult longevity, and female egg load) was better for the larval parasitoid Microplitis rufiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on cotton, suggesting enemy-free space on alfalfa.image
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| 22. |
- Martel, Véronique, et al.
(author)
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Mosquito Feeding Affects Larval Behaviour and Development in a Moth
- 2011
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organisms are attacked by different natural enemies present in their habitat. While enemies such as parasitoids and predators will kill their hosts/preys when they successfully attack them, enemies such as micropredators will not entirely consume their prey. However, they can still have important consequences on the performance and ecology of the prey, such as reduced growth, increased emigration, disease transmission. In this paper, we investigated the impact of a terrestrial micropredator, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, on its unusual invertebrate host, the Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae developing in presence of mosquitoes showed a slower development and reached a smaller pupal weight when compared to a control without mosquitoes, apparently because of a reduced feeding time for larvae. In addition, larvae tended to leave the plant in presence of mosquitoes. These results suggest that mosquitoes act as micropredators and affects lepidopteran larvae behaviour and development. Ecological impacts such as higher risks of food depletion and longer exposure to natural enemies are likely to be costly consequences. The importance of this phenomenon in nature - the possible function as last resort when vertebrates are unavailable - and the evolutionary aspects are discussed.
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| 23. |
- Michelsen, Halldora Ögmundsdottir, et al.
(author)
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Organizational and patient-level predictors for attaining key risk factor targets in cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: The Perfect-CR study.
- 2023
-
In: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 371, s. 40-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme components on attaining risk factor targets post-myocardial infarction (MI) and their predictive strength relative to patient characteristics remain unclear. We aimed to identify organizational and patient-level predictors of risk factor target attainment at one-year post-MI.In this observational study data on CR organization at 78 Swedish CR centres was collected and merged with patient-level registry data (n=7549). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified predictors (Variables of Importance for the Projection (VIP) values >0.8) of attaining low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8mmol/L, blood pressure (BP) <140/90mmHg and smoking abstinence.The strongest predictors (VIP [95% CI]) for attaining LDL-C and BP targets were offering psychosocial management (2.14 [1.78-2.50]; 2.45 [1.91-2.99]), having a psychologist in the CR team (1.62 [1.36-1.87]; 2.05 [1.67-2.44]), extended opening hours (2.13 [2.00-2.27]; 1.50 [0.91-2.10]), adequate facilities (1.54 [0.91-2.18]; 1.89 [1.38-2.40]), and having a medical director (1.70 [0.91-2.48]; 1.46 [1.04-1.88]). The strongest patient-level predictors of attaining LDL-C and/or BP targets were low baseline LDL-C (3.95 [3.39-4.51]) and having no history of hypertension (2.93 [2.60-3.26]), respectively, followed by exercise-based CR participation (1.38 [0.66-2.10]; 1.46 [1.14-1.78]). For smoking abstinence, the strongest organizational predictor was varenicline being prescribed by CR physicians (1.88 [0.95-2.80]) and patient-level predictors were participation in exercise-based CR (2.47 [2.07-2.88]) and group education (1.92 [1.43-2-42]), and no cardiovascular disease history (2.13 [1.78-2.48]).We identified multiple CR organizational and patient-level predictors of attaining risk factor targets post-MI. These results may influence the future design of comprehensive CR programmes.
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| 24. |
- Nedelciu, Claudiu Eduard, et al.
(author)
-
Global phosphorus supply chain dynamics : Assessing regional impact to 2050
- 2020
-
In: Global Food Security. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2211-9124. ; 26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) availability is essential for global food security. A system dynamics model running from 1961 to 2050 was built for this study, linking global P supply to social, economic and environmental dynamics at regional level. Simulation results show that phosphate rock (PR) production needs to double by 2050 compared to present levels, in order to match regional P requirements. South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa are regions highly dependent on phosphate imports, yet it is here that most of the population growth and future P requirement will occur. Climate impact, eutrophication and phosphogypsum production are some of the main negative environmental dynamics that are becoming increasingly challenging in the coming decades. © 2020 The Authors
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| 25. |
- Nedelciu, Claudiu Eduard, et al.
(author)
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Regional scenarios for inorganic phosphate requirement decrease in industrializing regions to 2050
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The current pandemic has highlighted the vulnerabilities of our food production system. An overwhelming number of studies and reports warn that in a business-as-usual scenario, the global food system will be increasingly challenged to secure food for a growing population. In its current configuration, the food system reinforces social and economic inequalities, and negatively impacts the environment. At the same time, farmers are increasingly dependent on imported agricultural inputs, such as phosphate fertilizers, which makes them vulnerable to major supply disruptions or price spikes. In this study, we used system dynamics modelling to assess several scenarios for decreased regional inorganic phosphate requirement to 2050 in industrializing regions with a growing population. Four scenarios illustrate the policy options of reducing phosphorous demand through i) recycling of phosphorus (P) from municipal wastewater, ii) food loss reduction, iii) a shift to agroecological farming practices; and iv) a combination of the three measures. We found that food loss reduction has the lowest potential in reducing P requirement, while the implementation of agroecological farming practices results in significant decreases in P requirement. East and South East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were two regions where scenarios indicated a decrease or a near flattening of P requirement to 2050 compared to 2020. In North Africa and Western Asia, Southern Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, scenario simulations show increases in P requirement, albeit at much lower rates than in a business-as-usual case.
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| 26. |
- Roy, Amit, et al.
(author)
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Data set for diet specific differential gene expression analysis in three Spodoptera moths
- 2016
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In: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 8, s. 448-455
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Examination of closely related species pairs is suggested for evolutionary comparisons of different degrees of polyphagy, which we did here with three taxa of lepidopteran herbivores,Spodopteraspp (S. littoralis,S. frugiperdamaize (C) and rice (R) strains) for a RNAseq analysis of the midguts from the 3rd instar insect larvae for differential metabolic responses after feeding on pinto bean based artificial diet vs maize leaves. Paired-end (2×100bp) Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing resulted in a total of 24, 23, 24, and 21 million reads for the SF-C-Maize, SF-C-Pinto, SF-R-Maize, SF-R Pinto, and a total of 35 and 36 million reads for the SL-Maize and SL-Pinto samples, respectively. After quality control measures, a total of 62.2 million reads from SL and 71.7 million reads from SF were used for transcriptome assembly (TA). The resulting finalde novoreference TA (backbone) for the SF taxa contained 37,985 contigs with a N50 contig size of 1030bp and a maximum contig length of 17,093bp, while for SL, 28,329 contigs were generated with a N50 contig size of 1980bp and a maximum contig length of 18,267bp. The data presented herein contains supporting information related to our research article Roy et al. (2016)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.02.006
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| 27. |
- Roy, Amit, et al.
(author)
-
Diet dependent metabolic responses in three generalist insect herbivores Spodoptera spp
- 2016
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In: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-1748 .- 1879-0240. ; 71, s. 91-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adaption to dietary changes is critical in the evolution of host plant ranges in polyphagous insects. We compared three taxa of lepidopteran herbivores from the predominantly generalist genus Spodoptera showing different degrees of polyphagy: Spodoptera littoralis, with a broad host range including both mono-and dicotyledonous plants, and two Spodoptera frugiperda strains [Corn (i.e. maize) (C) and Rice (R)] adapted primarily to different grass species. When feeding on maize we show a lower performance in the broad generalist taxon compared to the grass adapted taxa. Among these taxa, the maize adapted S. frugiperda C-strain generally performed better than the R-strain on maize leaves. On artificial pinto diet, all taxa performed well. Our RNA-Seq analysis of midgut transcriptomes from 3rd instar larvae feeding on maize showed broader transcriptional readjustments in the generalist S. littoralis compared to grass adapted S. frugiperda strains. Substantial alteration in the expression levels of midgut physiological function related transcripts, such as digestive and detoxifying enzymes, transporters, immunity, and peritrophic membrane associated transcripts, existed in all taxa. We found high background expression of UDP-glucosyl transferases, which are known to neutralize maize leaf toxins, in the maize adapted S. frugiperda C-strain, contributing to its fitness on maize compared to the R-strain. Our findings provide evidence for divergent diet specific response of digestive physiology within these Spodoptera taxa. Unexpectedly, the C- and R-strains of S. frugiperda fed on the same diet showed large differences in expression patterns between these two closely related taxa´.
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| 28. |
- Schiebe, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Inducibility of chemical defenses in Norway spruce bark is correlated with unsuccessful mass attacks by the spruce bark beetle
- 2012
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In: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 170:1, s. 183-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Secondary attraction to aggregation pheromones plays a central role in the host colonization behavior of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. However, it is largely unknown how the beetles pioneering an attack locate suitable host trees, and eventually accept or reject them. To find possible biomarkers for host choice by I. typographus, we analyzed the chemistry of 58 Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees that were subsequently either (1) successfully attacked and killed, (2) unsuccessfully attacked, or (3) left unattacked. The trees were sampled before the main beetle flight in a natural Norway spruce-dominated forest. No pheromones were used to attract beetles to the experimental trees. To test the trees' defense potential, each tree was treated in a local area with the defense hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJ), and treated and untreated bark were analyzed for 66 different compounds, including terpenes, phenolics and alkaloids. The chemistry of MeJ-treated bark correlated strongly with the success of I. typographus attack, revealing major chemical differences between killed trees and unsuccessfully attacked trees. Surviving trees produced significantly higher amounts of most of the 39 analyzed mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes and of 4 of 20 phenolics. Alkaloids showed no clear pattern. Differences in untreated bark were less pronounced, where only 1,8-cineole and (-)-limonene were significantly higher in unsuccessfully attacked trees. Our results show that the potential of individual P. abies trees for inducing defense compounds upon I. typographus attack may partly determine tree resistance to this bark beetle by inhibiting its mass attack.
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| 29. |
- Schlyter, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Forest Certification in Sweden- A North- South devide in forest governance
- 2007
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In: IUFRO, Division 6.12.02 – Forest governance, conference ”Scientific framework for environmental and forest governance”, August 27-28, Göttingen, Germany.
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- AbstractForest certification can be conceived of one of many rapidly growing non-state market driven (NSMD) modes of governance. The effectiveness of NSMD schemes like forest certification is usually evaluated by various indicators like standard contents, certified area, degree of participation etc. However, the effectiveness of NSMD can be evaluated both in terms of problem solving capacity (out-put legitimacy) and in terms of its procedure (input legitimacy). The development forest certification in Sweden illustrates how the history of forestry, including sociology of ownership, affects the development and adoption of different certification standards through, among other factors, differences in input legitimacy. Industrial and northern forestry favours FSC whereas southern small-scale private forest owners favour PEFC certification. By studying certification through input and output legitimacy we can better understand forest owner choices and preferences between the competing FSC and PEFC certification systems. Out-put efficiency can be operationalised as the demand of a standard times the area certified. The near complementary geographical coverage of the two schemes and their high degree of acceptance in their different “areas of operation” confers a high degree of output legitimacy – but in different parts of the country and for different types of ownership.
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| 30. |
- Schlyter, Peter, Professor, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Managing Forestry in a Sustainable Manner : The Importance of System Analysis
- 2022
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In: Transformation Literacy. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030932534 - 9783030932541 ; , s. 145-158
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter examines from systems and livelihood perspectives, with Nemoral and Boreal forest zones of the Global North and Sweden as examples, how forestry may meet current and future sustainability challenges both as a traditional resource base and with respect to other ecosystem services. Previous and current forest policy/governance is briefly described against the background that Swedish forestry is based both on huge holdings by few industrial owners as well as on a multitude of small individual, often family owned, forest estates. Successful delivery against environmental objectives will require careful balancing of interests and the active participation of local forest owners. Cumulative effects of old and new societal demands on forestry and their impact on local livelihoods poses in this respect a systemic risk as economic and social sustainability often gets limited consideration. There is a need for a more synoptic and systemic analysis of how forestry is affected by multiple, partly contradictory, demands from an increasing array of stakeholders, in order to enable a move towards a biobased economy. Stakeholder-based group modelling is a potentially powerful analytic and conflict reducing approach that could help improve forestry’s contribution to the acute need to handle the climate change and current sustainability challenges.
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| 31. |
- Schlyter, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Not seeing the forest for the trees? The environmental effectiveness of forest certification in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7050 .- 1389-9341. ; 11:5-6, s. 375-382
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forest certification can be conceived as one of many rapidly growing non-state market driven (NSMD) modes of governance. The environmental effectiveness of forest certification is oftentimes evaluated by indicators such as stringency of standards, degree of participation by key stakeholders, certified area, etc. In political science, forest certification as an NSMD governance arrangement is usually evaluated in terms of the quality of the decision-making procedures (input legitimacy) rather than for its problem solving capacity, i.e. its environmental performance or effectiveness. We conceptualize environmental effectiveness as a function of a standard's environmental stringency and the area covered by the standard, the latter dependent on the degree of social acceptance. Accordingly, the environmental effectiveness of different certification schemes ought to be evaluated taking both the standard stringency and the area certified into account. The forest certification process in Sweden illustrates how forestry history and regional differences affect the development, acceptance and adoption of different certification schemes. Industrial and Northern forestry owners favour the NGO led Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards whereas Southern small-scale private forest owners preferred to develop an alternative scheme the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). We demonstrate that there is a bifurcated geographical coverage of the two certification schemes along a north-south divide coupled with a similarity in standard stringency and a high degree of acceptance in their different areas of dominance. Both forest certification schemes display a similar degree of environmental effectiveness - but in different parts of the country and for different types of ownership. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Stoltz, Jonathan, 1981-
(author)
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Perceived Sensory Dimensions : A Human-Centred Approach to Environmental Planning and Design
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Increased urbanization, stress and lifestyle related illness, and biodiversity loss are some of the most urgent challenges today. The potential contributions from green spaces and infrastructures in relation to these challenges are several. In addition to benefits such as climate and water regulation, air purification, food production, and biodiversity conservation, certain aesthetic, i.e. perceived, qualities of green features and natural settings have been shown important for people’s health and wellbeing. The potential of such qualities to aid restoration from stress and attention fatigue is well documented. It has also been suggested that they could support pro-environmental behaviours, promote physical activity, and increase general wellbeing. A difference between grey/urban and green/natural settings has been highlighted in previous research. There is a need however for a more nuanced understanding of the most important qualities in the environment to consider in order to support human health and wellbeing over time.Through a universal, human-centred approach, where needs, motivations, and meaningful experiences are considered before specific means of physical implementation, this thesis adopts a framework of eight aesthetic qualities, termed perceived sensory dimensions, accounting for basic human needs in relation to green areas. This framework is investigated and developed in different contexts and at different scales to aid an evidence-based approach to environmental design, planning, and evaluation from a human health and wellbeing perspective. A dialectic model based on the framework is suggested as a means to facilitate the inclusion of this level of analysis in, e.g. trans- and interdisciplinary research settings, and in environmental design and planning practices.
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| 37. |
- Svensson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Biodiversity in sustainable forestry.
- 2002
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In: Developing principles and models for sustainable forestry in Sweden. - 1402009992 ; , s. 273-296
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 38. |
- Sverdrup, Harald, et al.
(author)
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A Simple System Dynamics Model for the Global Production Rate of Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock and Stone, Market Prices and Long-Term Supply Embedded into the WORLD6 Model
- 2017
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In: BioPhysical Economics and Resource Quality. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2366-0120 .- 2366-0112. ; 2:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model for global supply of sand, gravel and cut stone for construction based on a system dynamics model was developed for inclusion in the WORLD6 model. The Sand-Gravel-Stone model simulates production and market supply, demand and price for natural sand and gravel, sand and gravel from crushed rock and cut stone. The model uses market mechanisms where the demand is depending on population size, maintenance and price. For the period 2000–2050, the WORLD6 model outputs correlate with the GINFORS model outputs (r 2 = 0.98), but they may take different pathways after 2050. The resources of sand and gravel are estimated at 12 trillion ton each, another 125 trillion tons of rock is suitable for crushing to sand and gravel and at least 42 trillion ton of quality stone is available for production of cut stone. The simulation, under assumed business-as-usual conditions, shows that cut stone production will reach a maximum level by about 2020–2030 and stabilize after that. The cause for this is that demand exceeds extraction as well as slow exhaustion of the known reserves of high-quality stone. Sand and gravel show plateau behaviour and reach their maximum production rate in 2060–2070. The reason for the slight peak towards a plateau behaviour is partly driven by an expected population decline and increasing prices for sand and gravel, limiting demand. Assuming business-as-usual conditions rates remain at that level for centuries.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Thorn, Colin E., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of radiocarbon dating of buried paleosols using arbuscular mycorrhizae spores and bulk soil samples
- 2009
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In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 19:7, s. 1031-1037
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ten paleosols from four separate soil pits located in Karkevagge, a glaciated trough in Swedish Lapland, were dated using radiocarbon. Each soil was dated using both conventional bulk soil organic material (SOM) and a pure sample of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungal spores. The latter are produced by ubiquitous mycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots of many plant genera and may be viewed as a fossil material that has not interacted with any soil constituent subsequent to its emplacement in the soil - at a time presumed to mark the cessation of a favorable soil-forming environment. Regional deglaciation is presumed to have been about 10 000 BP, while a cosmogenic exposure date obtained from the valley floor in Karkevagge dated at 13 100 +/- 1638 BP. The youngest paleosol, buried at similar to 6 cm in soil pit M3, produced a spore date of 0-281 cal. yr BP (1 sigma). However, bulk SOM dates of the same paleosol A horizon gave widely divergent dates and varied with the sample pretreatment, ie, the combustion temperature and the acid-base treatment. For example, the bulk SOM dates for that paleosol ranged from a post-bomb date of 0-314 cal. yr BP (1 sigma) to 2366-2710 cal. yr BP (1 sigma) when subjected to different pretreatments (acid only, acid-base-acid) and the ignition temperatures (400, 800, or 900 degrees C). The oldest paleosol in the set, buried at similar to 61 cm in soil pit M6, dated at 5479-5698 cal. yr BP (1 sigma) using spores, but beyond calibration using bulk SOM. The spore dates were all within the range to be expected of postglacial paleosols, but the bulk SOM dates were frequently beyond the generally accepted time of deglaciation. In addition, all of the spore dates followed a conventional age/depth pattern while the bulk SOM dates did not. There are known possible sources of geogenic carbon contamination in Karkevagge which may well account for the obviously invalid older bulk SOM dates. An additional complication is that the spore dates vary somewhat with their density and diameter. However, where other types of fossil or charcoal are unavailable it appears that the enormously broad distribution of spores and their lack of interaction within the soil and persistence may well offer the prospect of an unusually useful radiocarbon dating medium within paleosols.
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| 41. |
- Walker, William, et al.
(author)
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Functional evolution of Lepidoptera olfactory receptors revealed by deorphanization of a moth repertoire
- 2017
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs) are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs whose functional properties are expected to meet its ecological needs, though little is known about the molecular basis of olfaction outside Diptera. Here we report a pioneer functional analysis of a large array of ORs in a lepidopteran, the herbivorous pest Spodoptera littoralis. We demonstrate that most ORs are narrowly tuned to ubiquitous plant volatiles at low, relevant odorant titres. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a basic conservation of function within the receptor repertoire of Lepidoptera, across the expansive evolutionary radiation of different major clades. Our study provides a reference for further studies of olfactory mechanisms in Lepidoptera, a historically crucial insect order in olfactory research.
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| 42. |
- Walker, William, et al.
(author)
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Molecular mechanisms of olfactory detection in Spodoptera littoralis: Deorphanization of odorant receptors via the Drosophila empty neuron system
- 2014
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In: Chemical Senses. - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 39, s. 114-114
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The olfactory sense determines vital steps in insect behaviour, including mate and food seeking, oviposition site selection and predator/parasitoid avoidance. We have established the noctuid moth, Spodoptera littoralis, as a model for investigation of noctuid olfaction and chemical ecology. At the molecular level, insect interactions with the olfactory environment are mediated by odorant receptor (OR) proteins, which are functionally expressed in odorant receptor neurons within olfactory appendages, primarily the antennae.Our aim is to deorphanize the S.littoralis OR genes. Individual ORs are expressed in the Empty Neuron system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and their response profiles are identified by means of single sensillum electrophysiological recordings. We have also utilized gas chromatography analysis of plant headspace extracts, coupled to single sensillum recordings to analyze the tuning of specific ORs to components of ecologically relevant complex odor blends. Preliminary data demonstrate successful adaptation of these methods to the deorphanisation of S.littoralis ORs. These results represent an important step in understanding the molecular mechanisms of olfactory mediated behaviours in S.littoralis.
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| 43. |
- Walker, William, et al.
(author)
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Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Families Involved in Chemosensory Function in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- 2019
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In: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundDeciphering the molecular mechanisms mediating the chemical senses, taste, and smell has been of vital importance for understanding the nature of how insects interact with their chemical environment. Several gene families are implicated in the uptake, recognition, and termination of chemical signaling, including binding proteins, chemosensory receptors and degrading enzymes. The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a phytophagous pest and current focal species for insect chemical ecology and neuroethology.ResultsWe produced male and female Illumina-based transcriptomes from chemosensory and non-chemosensory tissues of S. littoralis, including the antennae, proboscis, brain and body carcass. We have annotated 306 gene transcripts from eight gene families with known chemosensory function, including 114 novel candidate genes. Odorant receptors responsive to floral compounds are expressed in the proboscis and may play a role in guiding proboscis probing behavior. In both males and females, expression of gene transcripts with known chemosensory function, including odorant receptors and pheromone-binding proteins, has been observed in brain tissue, suggesting internal, non-sensory function for these genes.ConclusionsA well-curated set of annotated gene transcripts with putative chemosensory function is provided. This will serve as a resource for future chemosensory and transcriptomic studies in S. littoralis and closely related species. Collectively, our results expand current understanding of the expression patterns of genes with putative chemosensory function in insect sensory and non-sensory tissues. When coupled with functional data, such as the deorphanization of odorant receptors, the gene expression data can facilitate hypothesis generation, serving as a substrate for future studies.
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| 44. |
- Ögmundsdottir Michelsen, Halldora, et al.
(author)
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Cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction in Sweden : evaluation of programme characteristics and adherence to European guidelines: The Perfect Cardiac Rehabilitation (Perfect-CR) study
- 2020
-
In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:1, s. 18-27
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While patient performance after participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after acute myocardial infarction is regularly reported through registry and survey data, information on cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics is less well described.AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate Swedish cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics and adherence to European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.METHOD: Cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics at all 78 cardiac rehabilitation centres in Sweden in 2016 were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire (100% response rate). The questions were based on core components of cardiac rehabilitation as recommended by European Guidelines.RESULTS: There was a wide variation in programme duration (2-14 months). All programmes reported offering an individual post-discharge visit with a nurse, and 90% (n = 70) did so within three weeks from discharge. Most programmes offered centre-based exercise training (n = 76, 97%) and group educational sessions (n = 61, 78%). All programmes reported to the national audit, SWEDEHEART, and 60% (n = 47) reported that performance was regularly assessed using audit data, to improve quality of care. Ninety-six per cent (n = 75) had a core team consisting of a cardiologist, a physiotherapist and a nurse and 76% (n = 59) reported having a medical director. Having other allied healthcare professionals included in the cardiac rehabilitation team varied. Forty per cent (n = 31) reported having regular team meetings where nurses, physiotherapists and cardiologist could discuss patient cases.CONCLUSION: The overall quality of cardiac rehabilitation programmes provided in Sweden is high. Still, there are several areas of potential improvement. Monitoring programme characteristics as well as patient outcomes might improve programme quality and patient outcomes both at a local and a national level.
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| 45. |
- Österlin, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
Different worldviews as impediments to integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management : experiences from protected areas in Northern Sweden
- 2020
-
In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management in the Swedish mountains are failing. The delivery of environmental policy through the Swedish National Environmental Objective called Magnificent Mountains is dependent on increased collaboration between the state and local stakeholders. This study, using a group model building approach, maps out the system's dynamic interactions between nature perceptions, values and the objectives of managing agencies and local stakeholders. It is identified that the dominance of a wilderness discourse influences both the objectives and management of the protected areas. This wilderness discourse functions as a barrier against including cultural heritage conservation aspects and local stakeholders in management, as wilderness-influenced objectives are defining protected areas as environments "untouched" by humans. A wilderness objective reduces the need for local knowledge and participation in environmental management. In reality, protected areas depend, to varying degrees, on the continuation of traditional land-use practices. © 2020 by the authors.
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| 46. |
- Österlin, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management : Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden
- 2020
-
In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management in the Swedish mountains are failing. The delivery of environmental policy through the Swedish National Environmental Objective called Magnificent Mountains is dependent on increased collaboration between the state and local stakeholders. This study, using a group model building approach, maps out the system's dynamic interactions between nature perceptions, values and the objectives of managing agencies and local stakeholders. It is identified that the dominance of a wilderness discourse influences both the objectives and management of the protected areas. This wilderness discourse functions as a barrier against including cultural heritage conservation aspects and local stakeholders in management, as wilderness-influenced objectives are defining protected areas as environments untouched by humans. A wilderness objective reduces the need for local knowledge and participation in environmental management. In reality, protected areas depend, to varying degrees, on the continuation of traditional land-use practices.
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| 47. |
- Österlin, Carl, 1984-
(author)
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Nature conservation, landscape change and indigenous rights : The role of Sámi reindeer herding for environmental objectives in the Swedish mountain landscape
- 2020
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The 14th Swedish national environmental objective, ‘a Magnificent Mountain Landscape’, requires a mountain landscape characterized by reindeer grazing. The Swedish mountains landscape, part of the Scandes, has been shaped by traditional indigenous Sámi reindeer herding and its grazed environments are dependent on reindeer. In spite of this, the mountain region is often referred to as the last wilderness in Europe. Twenty years since its adoption the aims of this environmental objective for the Swedish mountains is still not achieved. Sweden is internationally often seen as a frontrunner for environmental ambitions, but formal indigenous rights remain relatively weak. In the case of the Magnificent Mountain Landscape objective, the environmental ambitions are dependent on the continuation of a traditional indigenous livelihood and land use based on reindeer herding. While the mountain objective explicitly focus on the mountain area the attainment of the objective is dependent on developments in the whole reindeer grazing area that encompasses vast areas outside the Scandes. Reindeer herding is, however, under increasing pressure from multiple anthropogenic pressures like climate change and encroachments from various types of natural resource extraction on traditional grazing grounds. Land use planning that ensure the continuation of a viable reindeer herding in the whole reindeer herding landscape, not only the mountain areas proper, is therefore essential if the Magnificent Mountains Landscape objective is to be achieved. The thesis is guided by three main research questions: 1/ how have multiple pressures developed in the reindeer herding area in northern Sweden, 2/ how has Sámi participation in land use planning unfolded in northern Sweden, and 3/ what possibilities/conditions are there in place to maintain/sustain the environmental state in the Swedish mountain region given current multiple pressures and planning processes? Based on a transdisciplinary systems approach as well as on quantitative and qualitative methods the results show that stressing weather events have increased in the reindeer herding area, alongside with rapid and significant increase in industrial land use for natural resource extraction. The actual process of rapidly increasing, as well as cumulative, industrial land use also reduce the ability for Sámi reindeer herding communities to influece land use planning. Meanwhile the cumulative effects assesssments for proposed industrial projects poorly describe cumulative effects on reindeer herding. Protected areas in the mountain region that should be requesting the ecosystem services of reindeer grazing also unsufficiently do so because of a too dominant view of its nature as a wilderness, with the implication that reindeer herding is less valued in nature conservation management. If the ambitious environmental objectives for the Swedish mountain range are to be reached it also means that the continuation of traditional Sámi reindeer herding needs to be safeguarded in the whole reindeer herding area, also outside the mountains.
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