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- Packham, S., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear translocation of IGF-1R via p150(Glued) and an importin-beta/RanBP2-dependent pathway in cancer cells
- 2015
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In: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 34:17, s. 2227-2238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mounting evidence has shown that the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has critical roles in cancer cell growth. This has prompted pharmacological companies to develop agents targeting the receptor. Surprisingly, clinical trials using specific IGF-1R antibodies have, however, revealed disappointing results. Further understanding of the role of IGF-1R in cancer cells is therefore necessary for development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Recently, we showed that IGF-1R is sumoylated and translocated into the cell nucleus where it activates gene transcription. Several other studies have confirmed our findings and it has been reported that nuclear IGF-1R (nIGF-1R) has prognostic and predictive impact in cancer. To increase the understanding of IGF-1R in cancer cells, we here present the first study that proposes a pathway by which IGF-1R translocates into the cell nucleus. We could demonstrate that IGF-1R first associates with the dynactin subunit p150(Glued), which transports the receptor to the nuclear pore complex, where it co-localizes with importin-beta followed by association with RanBP2. Sumoylation of IGF-1R seems to be required for interaction with RanBP2, which in turn may serve as the SUMO E3 ligase. In the context of sumoylation, we provided evidence that it may favor nIGF-1R accumulation by increasing the stability of the receptor. Taken together, topographic and functional interactions between dynactin, importin-beta and RanBP2 are involved in nuclear translocation of IGF-1R. Our results provide new understanding of IGF-1R in cancer, which in turn may contribute to development of new therapeutic strategies.
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- Sehat, A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum polarization properties of two-mode energy eigenstates
- 2005
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In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 71:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that any pure, two-mode, N-photon state with N odd or equal to two can be transformed into an orthogonal state using only linear optics. According to a recently suggested definition of polarization degree, this implies that all such states are fully polarized. This is also found to be true for any pure, two-mode, energy eigenstate belonging to a two-dimensional SU(2) orbit. Complete two- and three-photon bases whose basis states are related by only phase shifts or geometrical rotations are also derived.
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