| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 3. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(author)
-
Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
-
In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
|
|
| 4. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(author)
-
The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
|
|
| 5. |
- Thomas, B., et al.
(author)
-
Global Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Reduced GFR
- 2017
-
In: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 28:7, s. 2167-2179
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The burden of premature death and health loss from ESRD is well described. Less is known regarding the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to reduced GFR. We estimated the prevalence of reduced GFR categories 3, 4, and 5 (not on RRT) for 188 countries at six time points from 1990 to 2013. Relative risks of cardiovascular outcomes by three categories of reduced GFR were calculated by pooled random effects meta-analysis. Results are presented as deaths for outcomes of cardiovascular disease and ESRD and as disability-adjusted life years for outcomes of cardiovascular disease, GFR categories 3, 4, and 5, and ESRD. In 2013, reduced GFR was associated with 4% of deaths worldwide, or 2.2 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 2.0 to 2.4 million). More than half of these attributable deaths were cardiovascular deaths (1.2 million; 95% UI, 1.1 to 1.4 million), whereas 0.96 million (95% UI, 0.81 to 1.0 million) were ESRD-related deaths. Compared with metabolic risk factors, reduced GFR ranked below high systolic BP, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose, and similarly with high total cholesterol as a risk factor for disability-adjusted life years in both developed and developing world regions. In conclusion, by 2013, cardiovascular deaths attributed to reduced GFR outnumbered ESRD deaths throughout the world. Studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of early detection of CKD and treatment to decrease these deaths.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
-
Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
-
In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
|
|
| 15. |
- Kousathanas, A, et al.
(author)
-
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- 2022
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 607:7917, s. 97-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Ponnan, SM, et al.
(author)
-
Elevated Numbers of HIV-Specific Poly-Functional CD8+ T Cells With Stem Cell-Like and Follicular Homing Phenotypes in HIV-Exposed Seronegative Individuals
- 2021
-
In: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12, s. 638144-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are known to play a key role in viral control during acute and chronic HIV infection. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in viral control, its correlation with protection against HIV infection remains incompletely understood. To better understand the nature of the immune response that contributes to the early control of HIV infection, we analyzed the phenotype, distribution and function of anti-viral CD8+ T cells in a cohort of HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) women, and compared them with healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals. Further, we evaluated the in vitro viral inhibition activity of CD8+ T cells against diverse HIV-1 strains. We found that the HESN group had significantly higher levels of CD8+ T cells that express T-stem cell-like (TSCM) and follicular homing (CXCR5+) phenotype with more effector like characteristics as compared to healthy controls. Further, we observed that the HESN population had a higher frequency of HIV-specific poly-functional CD8+ T cells with robust in vitro virus inhibiting capacity against different clades of HIV. Overall, our results demonstrate that the HESN population has elevated levels of HIV-specific poly-functional CD8+ T cells with robust virus inhibiting ability and express elevated levels of markers pertaining to TSCM and follicular homing phenotype. These results demonstrate that future vaccine and therapeutic strategies should focus on eliciting these critical CD8+ T cell subsets.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Duong, M., et al.
(author)
-
Global differences in lung function by region (PURE): An international, community-based prospective study
- 2013
-
In: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - 2213-2600. ; 1:8, s. 599-609
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite the rising burden of chronic respiratory diseases, global data for lung function are not available. We investigated global variation in lung function in healthy populations by region to establish whether regional factors contribute to lung function. Methods: In an international, community-based prospective study, we enrolled individuals from communities in 17 countries between Jan 1, 2005, and Dec 31, 2009 (except for in Karnataka, India, where enrolment began on Jan 1, 2003). Trained local staff obtained data from participants with interview-based questionnaires, measured weight and height, and recorded forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). We analysed data from participants 130-190 cm tall and aged 34-80 years who had a 5 pack-year smoking history or less, who were not affected by specified disorders and were not pregnant, and for whom we had at least two FEV1 and FVC measurements that did not vary by more than 200 mL. We divided the countries into seven socioeconomic and geographical regions: south Asia (India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan), east Asia (China), southeast Asia (Malaysia), sub-Saharan Africa (South Africa and Zimbabwe), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile), the Middle East (Iran, United Arab Emirates, and Turkey), and North America or Europe (Canada, Sweden, and Poland). Data were analysed with non-linear regression to model height, age, sex, and region. Findings: 153 996 individuals were enrolled from 628 communities. Data from 38 517 asymptomatic, healthy non-smokers (25 614 women; 12 903 men) were analysed. For all regions, lung function increased with height non-linearly, decreased with age, and was proportionately higher in men than women. The quantitative effect of height, age, and sex on lung function differed by region. Compared with North America or Europe, FEV1 adjusted for height, age, and sex was 31·3% (95% CI 30·8-31·8%) lower in south Asia, 24·2% (23·5-24·9%) lower in southeast Asia, 12·8% (12·4-13·4%) lower in east Asia, 20·9% (19·9-22·0%) lower in sub-Saharan Africa, 5·7% (5·1-6·4%) lower in South America, and 11·2% (10·6-11·8%) lower in the Middle East. We recorded similar but larger differences in FVC. The differences were not accounted for by variation in weight, urban versus rural location, and education level between regions. Interpretation: Lung function differs substantially between regions of the world. These large differences are not explained by factors investigated in this study; the contribution of socioeconomic, genetic, and environmental factors and their interactions with lung function and lung health need further clarification. Funding: Full funding sources listed at end of the paper (see Acknowledgments). © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Ravindranath, K. B., et al.
(author)
-
A correlative approach in 3D structures of potential Alzheimer disease inhibitors
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Molecular Structure. - : Elsevier. - 0022-2860 .- 1872-8014. ; 1287
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, two potential inhibitors (3-(5-(2,4 dichlorophenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-methyl-1H pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(thiophene-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one):I and 3-(5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyr-azol-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one):II) for Alzheimer's disease are synthesized and characterized for their physical, chemical and biological properties using an hybrid approaches of experimental and theoretical studies. The three-dimensional structures are determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, theoretical approaches density functional and quantum calculations were performed for the compar-ison with the experimental data. The crystal packing analysis were carried out using Hirshfeld surfaces, 3D energy frameworks and QTAIM studies of the molecules for various properties discussed above. Biological importance of the molecules was confirmed by docking them against JNK3 inhibitor.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Anilkumar, V., et al.
(author)
-
Impact of heat treatment analysis on the wear behaviour of al-14.2si-0.3mg-tic composite using response surface methodology
- 2021
-
In: Tribology in Industry. - : Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac. - 0354-8996 .- 2217-7965. ; 43:4, s. 590-602
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Al-14.2Si-0.3Mg Alloy reinforced with hard phased TiC coarse particulates (10 wt-%) was contrived using the liquid metallurgy route. The so fabricated aluminium metal matrix composites was made to undergo solutionising at 5250C for 12 hours in a heat treatment furnace and was subsequently water quenched to room temperature. The developed composite was then kept for age hardening at varying temperatures and time for enhanced tribological properties. A pin on disc Tribometer (ASTM-G99) was utilised to study the wear properties of the fabricated composite. Aging temperature (0C), applied load (N) and Aging time (hours) were chosen as the process parameters for analysing the material's resistance to wear. Using response surface methodology the influence of reinforcement in the wear properties of the composite was studied. The design of the regression equation was prepared and the impact of each experimental parameter was scrutinized. Results depict that with an increase in the aging temperature, aging time and load, there observed a variation in the materials wear properties. The worn-out surface of the metal matrix composite was then investigated with the help of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
|
|
| 27. |
- Baldi, R. D., et al.
(author)
-
LeMMINGs - II. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. The deepest radio view of the Palomar sample on parsec scale
- 2021
-
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 500:4, s. 4749-4767
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the second data release of high-resolution (≤0.2 arcsec) 1.5-GHz radio images of 177 nearby galaxies from the Palomar sample, observed with the e-MERLIN array, as part of the Legacy e-MERLIN Multi-band Imaging of Nearby Galaxies Sample (LeMMINGs) survey. Together with the 103 targets of the first LeMMINGs data release, this represents a complete sample of 280 local active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive galaxies (H ii galaxies and absorption line galaxies, ALG). This large program is the deepest radio survey of the local Universe, ≳1017.6 W Hz-1, regardless of the host and nuclear type: we detect radio emission ≳0.25 mJy beam-1 for 125/280 galaxies (44.6 per cent) with sizes of typically ≲100 pc. Of those 125, 106 targets show a core which coincides within 1.2 arcsec with the optical nucleus. Although we observed mostly cores, around one third of the detected galaxies features jetted morphologies. The detected radio core luminosities of the sample range between ∼1034 and 1040 erg s-1. LINERs and Seyferts are the most luminous sources, whereas H ii galaxies are the least. LINERs show FR I-like core-brightened radio structures while Seyferts reveal the highest fraction of symmetric morphologies. The majority of H ii galaxies have single radio core or complex extended structures, which probably conceal a nuclear starburst and/or a weak active nucleus (seven of them show clear jets). ALGs, which are typically found in evolved ellipticals, although the least numerous, exhibit on average the most luminous radio structures, similar to LINERs.
|
|
| 28. |
- Deka, Shankar, 1993-, et al.
(author)
-
Path-Integral Formula for Computing Koopman Eigenfunctions
- 2023
-
In: 2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 6641-6646
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper is about the computation of the principal spectrum of the Koopman operator (i.e., eigenvalues and eigenfunctions). The principal eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator are the ones with the corresponding eigenvalues equal to the eigenvalues of the linearization of the nonlinear system at an equilibrium point. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a novel approach for computing the principal eigenfunctions using a path-integral formula. Furthermore, we provide conditions based on the stability property of the dynamical system and the eigenvalues of the linearization towards computing the principal eigenfunction using the path-integral formula. Further, we provide a Deep Neural Network framework that utilizes our proposed path-integral approach for eigenfunction computation in high-dimension systems. Finally, we present simulation results for the computation of principal eigenfunction and demonstrate their application for determining the stable and unstable manifolds and constructing the Lyapunov function.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Kengaiah, J., et al.
(author)
-
Protective Effect of Tamarind Seed Coat Ethanol Extract on Eryptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress
- 2020
-
In: Biochemistry (Moscow). - : MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER. - 0006-2979 .- 1608-3040. ; 85:1, s. 119-129
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Suicidal erythrocyte death, or eryptosis, is the key event in eliciting anemia in numerous pathological conditions, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancer, sepsis, etc. Oxidative stress is an important trigger in the acceleration of erythrocyte loss via eryptosis and an underlying mechanism of anemia emergence in the above pathologies. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for identification of antioxidants and anti-eryptotic agents forthe management of stress-related ailments. Here, we demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-eryptotic properties of the tamarind seed coat ethanol extract (TSCEE) against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress and eryptosis. The presence of probable secondary metabolites in the TSCEE extract was investigated by RP-HPLC. Active groups present in the TSCEE were studied by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric studies confirmed the antioxidant potential of TSCEE. The protective effect of TSCEE on red blood cells was confirmed by assessing various eryptotic markers, such as reactive oxygen species generation, intracellular calcium levels, and phosphatidylserine exposure. TSCEE reduced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content and restored the levels of glutathione, antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes involved in glutathione replenishment. In conclusion, TSCEE was found to exhibit multiple therapeutic properties, which makes it a. promising agent for treating oxidative stress-induced eryptosis and subsequent anemia in various pathologies.
|
|
| 38. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-Scale Simulation for Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes
- 2008
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the advent of nanotechnology; semiconductor processing is driving developments in computational chemis-try and computational material science. Describing materials from an atomic perspective allows for simulations that describe the formation of and flow of electrons in nanoscale structures. However; to achieve design for mi-croelectronics technologies requires atomic scale simulations that span varying length and time scales. In this presentation; developments toward a strategy for simulating nanowire and carbon nanotubes; their electronic structure; and electron and phonon transport within a single simulation hierarchy is described.
|
|
| 39. |
- Nunes, P., et al.
(author)
-
The leaf of Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffm. : A physical-chemical perspective of terrestrialization in the cuticle
- 2023
-
In: Environmental and Experimental Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0098-8472 .- 1873-7307. ; 208
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffm. is one of the most popular ornamental species in both hemispheres, it has an extremely restricted wild occurrence (Cape province, South Africa). This contradiction between gener-alized ornamental application and natural distribution was the basis for the analytical approach adopted in the present work. We hypothesized that characteristic features of the cuticular waxes were adopted by this species to help it cope with severe dehydration associated with marine salinity on account of the short distance of the wild populations to the sea. A comprehensive morpho-anatomical, histological and physical-chemical analysis was performed on the epicuticular and intracuticular layers of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of specimens of A. africanus. The adaxial epicuticular surface is hydrophilic and the abaxial epicuticular surface exhibits globally hydrophobic behavior. The main chemical compounds detected in the wax layers of both surfaces of the leaf are the short-chain monocaprylin monoglyceride (C8), and very long-chain 1-hexacosanol (C26) and 1-octa-cosanol (C28) alcohols. While monocaprylin is particularly abundant in the intracuticular layers, the epicuticular adaxial surface revealed the highest concentration of both alcohols. We demonstrate that the smart combination of these two classes of molecules with opposite water affinity endows the A. africanus leaf cuticle with a unique water management system combining the efficient entrapment of water in the disordered alpha-gel phase formed by monocaprylin and the high resistance to water transport provided by ordered domains composed of tightly packed, all-trans alkyl chains of the above pair of alcohols. The remarkable structural similarity existing between the monocaprylin alpha-gel and the mucilage of algae is an evidence of the terrestrialization process.
|
|
| 40. |
- Proletov, Ian, et al.
(author)
-
Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
- 2014
-
In: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 41. |
- Ravinath, Harinath, et al.
(author)
-
Impact of aging temperature on the metallurgical and dry sliding wear behaviour of LM25 / Al2O3 metal matrix composite for potential automotive application
- 2023
-
In: International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-8404. ; 6:3, s. 416-433
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study exhibits the influence of aging temperatures on the metallurgical, hardness, and dry-sliding wear behaviour of LM25 (Al-6.6Si-0.2Mg) alloy reinforced with Al2O3 particles. The LM25 alloy reinforced with 10 wt% of alumina particles was fabricated using the liquid metallurgy route followed by solutionizing and aging. The baseline LM25 alloy and its composite were solutionized at 538 °C for 8 h and were aged at 155, 165, and 175 °C for 12 h. Optical, FESEM, EDS, and X-ray diffraction analysis were done on the fabricated alloy and its composite in all conditions. The microstructure revealed the formation of the Mg2Si phase in the baseline alloy and the MgAl2O4 spinel generated at the composite interface of the aluminium matrix. The heat-treated alloy and composites were tested for their hardness on the Vickers microhardness tester. It was concluded that the aging temperature of 155 °C displayed significant enhancement in hardness values for tested samples. The heat-treated alloy and composite samples displayed an increment of 96% and 55% in hardness values relative to LM25. The wear rate and friction coefficient for the fabricated samples were analyzed using the pin-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The hardness value increased from the as-cast state to samples aged at 155 °C and then decreased at 165 and 175 °C. Based on the wear study, a 14% and 25% decrease in the wear rate values for heat-treated alloy and composites were noted when sliding velocity was increased from 1 m/s to 3 m/s. However, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by 23% and 13% for the specimens in the same conditions. Furthermore, a similar trend was displayed by age-hardened LM25 alloy and the composite when subjected to varying load (5, 10, 15 N) condition. Lastly, the worn-out surface mechanisms were examined using FESEM analysis. Amongst the investigated samples, LM25/10 wt% Al2O3 composite aged at 155 °C revealed the least wear rate when subjected to an external load of 5 N and sliding velocity of 2 m/s. Therefore, it can be suggested to manufacture components in the automotive industry.
|
|
| 42. |
- Sedighi, S., et al.
(author)
-
Multi-Target localization in asynchronous MIMO radars using sparse sensing
- 2018
-
In: 2017 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing, CAMSAP 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1-5
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multi-target localization, warranted in emerging applications like autonomous driving, requires targets to be perfectly detected in the distributed nodes with accurate range measurements. This implies that high range resolution is crucial in distributed localization in the considered scenario. This work proposes a new framework for multi-target localization, addressing the demand for the high range resolution in automotive applications without increasing the required bandwidth. In particular, it employs sparse stepped frequency waveform and infers the target ranges by exploiting sparsity in target scene. The range measurements are then sent to a fusion center where direction of arrival estimation is undertaken. Numerical results illustrate the impact of range resolution on multi-target localization and the performance improvement arising from the proposed algorithm in such scenarios.
|
|
| 43. |
- Shankar, K. V., et al.
(author)
-
Solutionising Temperature Influence on the Morphological and Mechanical Characteristics of Al–Si–Mg–Ni Hypoeutectic Alloys
- 2021
-
In: Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D. - : Springer Nature. - 2250-2122 .- 2250-2130. ; 102:1, s. 131-148
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current work is focused to ascertain the impact on the mechanical and morphological characteristics of hypoeutectic alloy Al–Ni with a range of solution treatment temperatures. Al, Ni, Si, and Mg of necessary weight percentages were melted in a crucible (make–clay graphite) and were cast. The cast alloys were then solutionised for 8 h from 450 to 550 °C, quenched and was aged for 12 h at 170 °C. The fractography, intermediate phase and the elementary composition of alloy was determined. It was observed from the investigation that a rise in solutionising temperature caused grain refinement in the developed hypoeutectic alloys. A surge in the value of hardness was observed with respect to the rise in solutionising temperature. It was also noticed from the analysis that the value of tensile strength, yield strength, ductility and impact resistance of the hypoeutectic alloys enhanced with temperature rise from 480 to 510 °C and then declined from 510 to 550 °C.
|
|
| 44. |
- Shankar, P. Gowri, et al.
(author)
-
King or royal family? : Testing for species boundaries in the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), using morphology and multilocus DNA analyses
- 2021
-
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 165
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In widespread species, the diverse ecological conditions in which the populations occur, and the presence of many potential geographical barriers through their range are expected to have created ample opportunities for the evolution of distinct, often cryptic lineages. In this work, we tested for species boundaries in one such widespread species, the king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), a largely tropical elapid snake distributed across the Oriental realm. Based on extensive geographical sampling across most of the range of the species, we initially tested for candidate species (CS) using Maximum-Likelihood analysis of mitochondrial genes. We then tested the resulting CS using both morphological data and sequences of three single-copy nuclear genes. We used snapclust to determine the optimal number of clusters in the nuclear dataset, and Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP) to test for likely species status. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis for discerning morphological separation. We recovered four independently evolving, geographically separated lineages that we consider Confirmed Candidate Species: (1) Western Ghats lineage; (2) Indo-Chinese lineage (3) Indo-Malayan lineage; (4) Luzon Island lineage, in the Philippine Archipelago. We discuss patterns of lineage divergence, particularly in the context of low morphological divergence, and the conservation implications of recognizing several endemic king cobra lineages.
|
|
| 45. |
- Shankar, Suma P., et al.
(author)
-
A novel DPH5-related diphthamide-deficiency syndrome causing embryonic lethality or profound neurodevelopmental disorder
- 2022
-
In: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:7, s. 1567-1582
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine essential for messenger RNA translation and ribosomal protein synthesis. We present evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality and profound neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs). Methods: Molecular testing was performed using exome or genome sequencing. A targeted Dph5 knockin mouse (C57BL/6Ncrl-Dph5em1Mbp/Mmucd) was created for a DPH5 p.His260Arg homozygous variant identified in 1 family. Adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation assays in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells and in silico modeling were performed for the identified DPH5 potential pathogenic variants. Results: DPH5 variants p.His260Arg (homozygous), p.Asn110Ser and p.Arg207Ter (heterozygous), and p.Asn174LysfsTer10 (homozygous) were identified in 3 unrelated families with distinct overlapping craniofacial features, profound NDDs, multisystem abnormalities, and miscarriages. Dph5 p.His260Arg homozygous knockin was embryonically lethal with only 1 subviable mouse exhibiting impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphology, and multisystem dysfunction recapitulating the human phenotype. Adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation assays showed absent to decreased function in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells. In silico modeling of the variants showed altered DPH5 structure and disruption of its interaction with eEF2. Conclusion: We provide strong clinical, biochemical, and functional evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality or profound NDDs with multisystem involvement and expand diphthamide-deficiency syndromes and ribosomopathies.
|
|
| 46. |
- Smith, Emily R, et al.
(author)
-
Modifiers of the effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality : a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 17 randomised trials in low-income and middle-income countries.
- 2017
-
In: The Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 5:11, s. e1090-e1100
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among women in low-income and middle-income countries. Data from randomised trials suggest that maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation decreases the risk of low birthweight and potentially improves other infant health outcomes. However, heterogeneity across studies suggests influence from effect modifiers. We aimed to identify individual-level modifiers of the effect of multiple micronutrient supplements on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality in low-income and middle-income countries.METHODS: This two-stage meta-analysis of individual patient included data from 17 randomised controlled trials done in 14 low-income and middle-income countries, which compared multiple micronutrient supplements containing iron-folic acid versus iron-folic acid alone in 112 953 pregnant women. We generated study-specific estimates and pooled subgroup estimates using fixed-effects models and assessed heterogeneity between subgroups with the χ(2) test for heterogeneity. We did sensitivity analyses using random-effects models, stratifying by iron-folic acid dose, and exploring individual study effect.FINDINGS: Multiple micronutrient supplements containing iron-folic acid provided significantly greater reductions in neonatal mortality for female neonates compared with male neonates than did iron-folic acid supplementation alone (RR 0·85, 95% CI 0·75-0·96 vs 1·06, 0·95-1·17; p value for interaction 0·007). Multiple micronutrient supplements resulted in greater reductions in low birthweight (RR 0·81, 95% CI 0·74-0·89; p value for interaction 0·049), small-for-gestational-age births (0·92, 0·87-0·97; p=0·03), and 6-month mortality (0·71, 0·60-0·86; p=0·04) in anaemic pregnant women (haemoglobin <110g/L) as compared with non-anaemic pregnant women. Multiple micronutrient supplements also had a greater effect on preterm births among underweight pregnant women (BMI <18·5 kg/m(2); RR 0·84, 95% CI 0·78-0·91; p=0·01). Initiation of multiple micronutrient supplements before 20 weeks gestation provided greater reductions in preterm birth (RR 0·89, 95% CI 0·85-0·93; p=0·03). Generally, the survival and birth outcome effects of multiple micronutrient supplementation were greater with high adherence (≥95%) to supplementation. Multiple micronutrient supplements did not significantly increase the risk of stillbirth or neonatal, 6-month, or infant mortality, neither overall or in any of the 26 examined subgroups.INTERPRETATION: Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements improved survival for female neonates and provided greater birth-outcome benefits for infants born to undernourished and anaemic pregnant women. Early initiation in pregnancy and high adherence to multiple micronutrient supplements also provided greater overall benefits. Studies should now aim to elucidate the mechanisms accounting for differences in the effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements on infant health by maternal nutrition status and sex.
|
|
| 47. |
- Upadhayaya, Ram Shankar, et al.
(author)
-
Novel quinoline and naphthalene derivatives as potent antimycobacterial agents
- 2010
-
In: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 45:5, s. 1854-1867
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have designed and synthesized both the quinoline and naphthalene based molecules influenced by the unique structural make-up of mefloquine and TMC207, respectively. These compounds were evaluated for their anti-mycobacterial activity against drug sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro at single-dose concentration (6.25 mu g/mL). The compounds 22,23, 26 and 27 inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv 99%, 90%, 98% and 91% respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds 22, 23, 26 and 27 was found to be 6.25 mu g/mL.. Our molecular modeling and docking studies of designed compounds showed hydrogen bonding with Glu-61, Tyr-64 and Asn-190 amino acid residues at the putative binding site of ATP synthase, these interactions were coherent as shown by Mefloquine and TMC207, where hydrogen bonding was found with Tyr-64 and Glu-61 respectively. SAR analysis indicates importance of hydroxyl group and nature of substituents on piperazinyl-phenyl ring was critical in dictating the biological activity of newly synthesized compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 48. |
- Wang, Chao, et al.
(author)
-
The role of pro-inflammatory S100A9 in Alzheimer's disease amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade
- 2014
-
In: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 127:4, s. 507-522
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to inflammation-related neurodegeneration. Here, we provide insights into S100A9 specific mechanisms of action in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to its inherent amyloidogenicity S100A9 contributes to amyloid plaque formation together with A beta. In traumatic brain injury (TBI) S100A9 itself rapidly forms amyloid plaques, which were reactive with oligomer-specific antibodies, but not with A beta and amyloid fibrillar antibodies. They may serve as precursor-plaques for AD, implicating TBI as an AD risk factor. S100A9 was observed in some hippocampal and cortical neurons in TBI, AD and non-demented aging. In vitro S100A9 forms neurotoxic linear and annular amyloids resembling A beta protofilaments. S100A9 amyloid cytotoxicity and native S100A9 pro-inflammatory signaling can be mitigated by its co-aggregation with A beta, which results in a variety of micron-scale amyloid complexes. NMR and molecular docking demonstrated transient interactions between native S100A9 and A beta. Thus, abundantly present in AD brain pro-inflammatory S100A9, possessing also intrinsic amyloidogenic properties and ability to modulate A beta aggregation, can serve as a link between the AD amyloid and neuroinflammatory cascades and as a prospective therapeutic target.
|
|
| 49. |
- Yuh, Esther L, et al.
(author)
-
Pathological computed tomography features associated with adverse outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury : A TRACK-TBI study with external validation in CENTER-TBI.
- 2021
-
In: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 78:9, s. 1137-1148
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: A head computed tomography (CT) with positive results for acute intracranial hemorrhage is the gold-standard diagnostic biomarker for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). In moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores 3-12), some CT features have been shown to be associated with outcomes. In mild TBI (mTBI; GCS scores 13-15), distribution and co-occurrence of pathological CT features and their prognostic importance are not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To identify pathological CT features associated with adverse outcomes after mTBI.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The longitudinal, observational Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study enrolled patients with TBI, including those 17 years and older with GCS scores of 13 to 15 who presented to emergency departments at 18 US level 1 trauma centers between February 26, 2014, and August 8, 2018, and underwent head CT imaging within 24 hours of TBI. Evaluations of CT imaging used TBI Common Data Elements. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) scores were assessed at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. External validation of results was performed via the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. Data analyses were completed from February 2020 to February 2021.EXPOSURES: Acute nonpenetrating head trauma.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Frequency, co-occurrence, and clustering of CT features; incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8 vs 8); and an unfavorable outcome (GOSE scores <5 vs ≥5) at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months.RESULTS: In 1935 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [17.6] years; 1286 men [66.5%]) in the TRACK-TBI cohort and 2594 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 51.8 [20.3] years; 1658 men [63.9%]) in an external validation cohort, hierarchical cluster analysis identified 3 major clusters of CT features: contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma; intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage; and epidural hematoma. Contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma features were associated with incomplete recovery (odds ratios [ORs] for GOSE scores <8 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.39-2.33]; CENTER-TBI, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.18-3.41]) and greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes (ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.59-6.58]; CENTER-TBI, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.13-2.49]) out to 12 months after injury, but epidural hematoma was not. Intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage was associated with greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes up to 12 months after injury (eg, OR for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: 3.47 [95% CI, 1.66-7.26]). Some CT features were more strongly associated with outcomes than previously validated variables (eg, ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: neuropsychiatric history, 1.43 [95% CI .98-2.10] vs contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma, 3.23 [95% CI 1.59-6.58]). Findings were externally validated in 2594 patients with mTBI enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, pathological CT features carried different prognostic implications after mTBI to 1 year postinjury. Some patterns of injury were associated with worse outcomes than others. These results support that patients with mTBI and these CT features need TBI-specific education and systematic follow-up.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
