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Search: WFRF:(Sharkey K)

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1.
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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2.
  • Tabiri, S, et al. (author)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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  • Bravo, L, et al. (author)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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4.
  • Glasbey, JC, et al. (author)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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5.
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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  • Khatri, C, et al. (author)
  • Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
  • 2021
  • In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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8.
  • Adam, A, et al. (author)
  • Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016.
  • 2017
  • In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 14:Suppl 1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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9.
  • Ely, K. S., et al. (author)
  • A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata
  • 2021
  • In: Ecological Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1574-9541. ; 61
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy?s ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system.
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  • Jackson, D, et al. (author)
  • Closing the know-do gap for child health: UNICEF's experiences from embedding implementation research in child health and nutrition programming
  • 2021
  • In: Implementation science communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-2211. ; 2:1, s. 112-
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • UNICEF operates in 190 countries and territories, where it advocates for the protection of children’s rights and helps meet children’s basic needs to reach their full potential. Embedded implementation research (IR) is an approach to health systems strengthening in which (a) generation and use of research is led by decision-makers and implementers; (b) local context, priorities, and system complexity are taken into account; and (c) research is an integrated and systematic part of decision-making and implementation. By addressing research questions of direct relevance to programs, embedded IR increases the likelihood of evidence-informed policies and programs, with the ultimate goal of improving child health and nutrition.This paper presents UNICEF’s embedded IR approach, describes its application to challenges and lessons learned, and considers implications for future work.From 2015, UNICEF has collaborated with global development partners (e.g. WHO, USAID), governments and research institutions to conduct embedded IR studies in over 25 high burden countries. These studies focused on a variety of programs, including immunization, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, birth registration, nutrition, and newborn and child health services in emergency settings. The studies also used a variety of methods, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods.UNICEF has found that this systematically embedding research in programs to identify implementation barriers can address concerns of implementers in country programs and support action to improve implementation. In addition, it can be used to test innovations, in particular applicability of approaches for introduction and scaling of programs across different contexts (e.g., geographic, political, physical environment, social, economic, etc.). UNICEF aims to generate evidence as to what implementation strategies will lead to more effective programs and better outcomes for children, accounting for local context and complexity, and as prioritized by local service providers. The adaptation of implementation research theory and practice within a large, multi-sectoral program has shown positive results in UNICEF-supported programs for children and taking them to scale.
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15.
  • Bashashati, M, et al. (author)
  • Colonic immune cells in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • 2018
  • In: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. - : Wiley. - 1365-2982. ; 30:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Increases in mucosal immune cells have frequently been observed in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. However, this finding is not completely consistent between studies, possibly due to a combination of methodological variability, population differences and small sample sizes. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies that compared immune cell counts in colonic biopsies of IBS patients and controls.PubMed and Embase were searched in February 2017. Results were pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and were considered significant when zero was not within the 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed based on I2 statistics where I2 ≤50% and I2 >50% indicated fixed and random effect models, respectively.Twenty-two studies on 706 IBS patients and 401 controls were included. Mast cells were increased in the rectosigmoid (SMD: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.06-0.71]; P=.02) and descending colon (SMD: 1.69 [95% CI: 0.65-2.73]; P=.001) of IBS patients. Increased mast cells were observed in both constipation (IBS-C) and diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D). CD3+ T cells were increased in the rectosigmoid (SMD: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.21-0.85]; P=.001) and the descending colon of the IBS patients (SMD: 0.79, 95% CI [0.28-1.30]; P=.002). This was possibly in relation to higher CD4+ T cells in IBS (SMD: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.01-0.65]; P=.04) as there were no differences in CD8+ T cells.Mast cells and CD3+ T cells are increased in colonic biopsies of patients with IBS vs non-inflamed controls. These changes are segmental and sometimes IBS-subtype dependent. The diagnostic value of the quantification of colonic mucosal cells in IBS requires further investigation.
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  • Bashashati, M, et al. (author)
  • Cytokine imbalance in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • 2014
  • In: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. - : Wiley. - 1365-2982. ; 26:7, s. 1036-1048
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology; although infection and inflammation have recently been considered as important etiologic agents. A recent meta-analysis showed correlations between cytokine [interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] gene polymorphisms and IBS; however, it is still unknown whether patients with IBS have different cytokine profiles compared to healthy population.
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  • Ghadri, J. R., et al. (author)
  • International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology
  • 2018
  • In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39:22, s. 2032-2046
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a poorly recognized heart disease that was initially regarded as a benign condition. Recently, it has been shown that TTS may be associated with severe clinical complications including death and that its prevalence is probably underestimated. Since current guidelines on TTS are lacking, it appears timely and important to provide an expert consensus statement on TTS. The clinical expert consensus document part I summarizes the current state of knowledge on clinical presentation and characteristics of TTS and agrees on controversies surrounding TTS such as nomenclature, different TTS types, role of coronary artery disease, and etiology. This consensus also proposes new diagnostic criteria based on current knowledge to improve diagnostic accuracy.
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19.
  • Ghadri, J. R., et al. (author)
  • International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part II): Diagnostic Workup, Outcome, and Management
  • 2018
  • In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39:22, s. 2047-2062
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The clinical expert consensus statement on takotsubo syndrome (TTS) part II focuses on the diagnostic workup, outcome, and management. The recommendations are based on interpretation of the limited clinical trial data currently available and experience of international TTS experts. It summarizes the diagnostic approach, which may facilitate correct and timely diagnosis. Furthermore, the document covers areas where controversies still exist in risk stratification and management of TTS. Based on available data the document provides recommendations on optimal care of such patients for practising physicians.
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20.
  • Khaware, Alok, et al. (author)
  • Numerical Simulation of a Radial Free Surface Liquid Jet Impinging on a Heated Surface
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (JFFHMT). - : Avestia Publishing. - 2368-6111. ; 8, s. 33-41
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Impinging liquid jets have been demonstrated to be an effective means of providing high heat transfer rates, and widely used in designing cooling systems for electronic modules, plastic manufacturing, and many other applications in the industry. It is very important to study the factors which govern the heat transfer rate in the liquid impingement on a heated surface to ensure cooling efficiency. The paper presents a numerical approach to study the convective heat transfer of circular liquid jet impingement on a heated surface where influencing factors like surface tension, gravity, viscosity, surface temperature etc. are considered. Finite volume method (FVM) with pressure based coupled solver implemented in commercial ANSYS Fluent CFD is used to solve Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. Free surface flow is modelled using Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method along with the compressive scheme and sharp interface modelling which accurately captures interfaces between immiscible fluids. The liquid film formation and the heat transfer phenomenon are examined in detail. The influence of jet velocity profiles on pressure distribution and heat transfer along the heated surface is presented. The results obtained from numerical solution are validated against experiment and previously published work with a close match.
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