| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(author)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 2. |
- Greijer, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Tuneable conductivity at extreme electric fields in ZnO tetrapod-silicone composites for high-voltage power cable insulation
- 2022
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 6035-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Resistive Field Grading Materials (RFGM) are used in critical regions in the electrical insulation system of high-voltage direct-current cable systems. Here, we describe a novel type of RFGM, based on a percolated network of zinc oxide (ZnO) tetrapods in a rubber matrix. The electrical conductivity of the composite increases by a factor of 108 for electric fields > 1 kV mm-1, as a result of the highly anisotropic shape of the tetrapods and their significant bandgap (3.37 eV). We demonstrate that charge transport at fields < 1 kV mm-1 is dominated by thermally activated hopping of charge carriers across spatially, as well as energetically, localized states at the ZnO-polymer interface. At higher electric fields (> 1 kV mm-1) band transport in the semiconductive tetrapods triggers a large increase in conductivity. These geometrically enhanced ZnO semiconductors outperform standard additives such as SiC particles and ZnO micro varistors, providing a new class of additives to achieve variable conductivity in high-voltage cable system applications.
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| 3. |
- Smazna, Daria, et al.
(author)
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Buckminsterfullerene hybridized zinc oxide tetrapods : defects and charge transfer induced optical and electrical response
- 2018
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In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 10:21, s. 10050-10062
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Buckminster fullerene (C-60) based hybrid metal oxide materials are receiving considerable attention because of their excellent fundamental and applied aspects, like semiconducting, electron transfer, luminescent behaviors, etc. and this work briefly discusses the successful fabrication of C-60 decorated ZnO tetrapod materials and their detailed structure-property relationships including device sensing applications. The electron microscopy investigations indicate that a quite dense surface coverage of ZnO tetrapods with C-60 clusters is achieved. The spectroscopy studies confirmed the identification of the C-60 vibrational modes and the C-60 induced changes in the absorption and luminescence properties of the ZnO tetrapods. An increased C-60 concentration on ZnO results in steeper ZnO bandgap absorption followed by well-defined free exciton and 3.31 eV line emissions. As expected, higher amounts of C-60 increase the intensity of C-60-related visible absorption bands. Pumping the samples with photons with an energy corresponding to these absorption band maxima leads to additional emission from ZnO showing an effective charge transfer phenomenon from C-60 to the ZnO host. The density of states model obtained from DFT studies for pure and C-60 coated ZnO surfaces confirms the experimental observations. The fabricated C-60-ZnO hybrid tetrapod based micro- and nanodevices showed interesting ethanol gas sensing characteristics.
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| 4. |
- Suryawanshi, Rahul K., et al.
(author)
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Enhancement of antiviral drug efficacy through multimodal mechanism of Au nanoparticles decorated ZnO tetrapods
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nanoparticles have been well studied for controlling viral infections. However, very little knowledge exists on their potential use as an adjuvant for enhancing antiviral drug efficacy and reducing toxicity. Herein, we describe gold nanoparticle decorated zinc oxide tetrapods (ANZOT) that electrostatically neutralize viral infections. Given their negative charge distribution caused by engineered oxygen vacancies, ANZOT can prevent herpes simplex virus-1 and the novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 from infecting cells. More notably, when ANZOT was used as an adjuvant, several fold lower than normally used concentrations of a nucleoside analog, acyclovir or a preclinical antiviral compound, BX795, were enough to inhibit infection and eliminate drug toxicity. BX795 was found to exert its antiviral benefits through inhibition of cellular protein kinase C (α and ζ). Cumulatively our findings highlight an innovative use of ANZOT as a drug adjuvant for superior broad-spectrum effects against viral infections.
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