| 1. |
- Langhammer, Kristina, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Decision-making style, accountability and responsibility : influences on preferred hiring approach
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper was to examine the degree to which decision making style (i.e. rational, intuitive; Scott&Bruce, 1995), procedural accountability (Tetlock, 1985) and decision responsibility predict preference for hiring approaches to personnel selection. An experimental design was used to test whether procedure accountability and decision responsibility moderate preferences for hiring approach. 168 Human Resource professionals answered the online questionnaire built for the purpose of the study. The results showed that individuals scoring high on the intuitive decision-making style (IDMS) prefer a holistic hiring approach. However, the proposition that Rational Decision-Making Style (RDMS) scale would have a positive relationship with mechanical hiring approach was not supported. Furthermore, according to our findings the context does not explain preferred hiring approach with higher probability. One limitation of this study was that the experimental design might have affected the external validity in the context variable. Another limitation for this study was the relatively small sample size. Despite limitations, the present study has an unique contribution by tying together decision making style, procedural accountability and decision responsibility in an attempt to explain preference for holistic versus mechanical hiring approach.
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| 2. |
- Sjöberg, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Personlighet i arbete : förstå drivkrafter och beteenden med femfaktormodellen
- 2021
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hur viktigt är det egentligen att vara social och utåtriktad i arbetslivet? Förändras ens personlighet med åldern? Kan man förutsäga hur ansvarstagande en medarbetare kommer vara? Varför är personlighetsfaktorn känslomässig stabilitet så viktig för gott samarbete?I denna vetenskapligt grundade bok om människans personlighet får läsaren en inblick i vad forskningen menar med personlighet, hur personlighet skiljer sig mellan människor, och hur den fungerar över tid och situationer. Med femfaktormodellen som utgångspunkt och arbetslivet som ramverk beskriver författarna hur vår personlighet tar sig uttryck, påverkar vårt beteende och sätter ramarna för våra styrkor och svagheter. De tar också upp komplexiteten i att bedöma personlighet.Personlighet i arbete är skriven för dig som vill få forskningsbaserad kunskap om personlighet generellt, och om dess roll i arbetslivet specifikt. Som HR eller ledarskapskonsult får du en större förståelse för medarbetares och chefers beteenden på arbetsplatsen.Författarna är tre av Sveriges främsta inom urval och testutveckling och anlitas flitigt som experter och föreläsare. Sofia Sjöberg är fil.dr i psykologi. Anders Sjöberg är fil.dr och docent i psykologi vid Psykologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet. Sara Henrysson Eidvall är leg psykolog, specialist i arbets- och organisations-psykologi.
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| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Preference for hiring approach : Cognitive style or context dependent?
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Despite consistent research evidence for the superiority of a mechanical hiring approach using standardized methods for collecting and combining data about job applicants, a clinical approach, relying on professional judgment, is predominating in selection practice. Identifying crucial factors driving practitioners’ preferences is a pre-requisite for guiding actions aimed at increasing the level of acceptancy and use of a mechanical approach. The results in this study showed that practitioners with an intuitive decision-making style prefer a clinical approach, while contextual aspects, accountability for the selection process and responsibility for the selection decision, did not impact practitioners’ preferences. Thus, individuals who rely on feelings and hunches in their everyday decisions also prefer intuitive judgments professionally, regardless pressure of accountability and responsibility.
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| 4. |
- Sjöberg, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Using individual differences to predict job performance : Correcting for direct and indirect restriction of range
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 53:4, s. 368-373
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sjoberg, S., Sjoberg, A., Naswall, K. & Sverke, M. (2012). Using individual differences to predict job performance: Correcting for direct and indirect restriction of range. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 368373. The present study investigates the relationship between individual differences, indicated by personality (FFM) and general mental ability (GMA), and job performance applying two different methods of correction for range restriction. The results, derived by analyzing meta-analytic correlations, show that the more accurate method of correcting for indirect range restriction increased the operational validity of individual differences in predicting job performance and that this increase primarily was due to general mental ability being a stronger predictor than any of the personality traits. The estimates for single traits can be applied in practice to maximize prediction of job performance. Further, differences in the relative importance of general mental ability in relation to overall personality assessment methods was substantive and the estimates provided enables practitioners to perform a correct utility analysis of their overall selection procedure.
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| 5. |
- Almeland, Stian Kreken, et al.
(author)
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Burn mass casualty incidents in Europe: A European response plan within the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism
- 2022
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In: Burns. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 48:8, s. 1794-1804
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Burn care is centralized in highly specialized burn centers in Europe. These centers are of limited capacity and may be overwhelmed by a sudden surge in case of a burn mass casualty incident. Prior incidents in Europe and abroad have sustained high standards of care through well-orchestrated responses to share the burden of care in several burn centers. A burn mass casualty incident in Romania in 2015 sparked an initiative to strengthen the existing EU mechanisms. This paper aims to provide insight into developing a response plan for burn mass casualties within the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Methods: The European Burns Association drafted medical guidelines for burn mass casualty incidents based on a literature review and an in-depth analysis of the Romanian incident. An online questionnaire surveyed European burn centers and EU States for burn mass casualty preparedness. Results: The Romanian burn mass casualty in 2015 highlighted the lack of a burn-specific mechanism, leading to the late onset of international transfers. In Europe, 71% of respondents had existing mass casualty response plans, though only 35% reported having a burn-specific plan. A burns response plan for burn mass casualties was developed and adopted as a Commission staff working document in preparation for further implementation. The plan builds on the existing Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework and the standards of the WHO Emergency Medical Teams initiative to provide 1) burn assessment teams for specialized in-hospital triage of patients, 2) specialized burn care across European burn centers, and 3) medevac capacities from participating states. Conclusion: The European burn mass casualty response plan could enable the delivery of high-level burn care in the face of an overwhelming incident in an affected European country. Further steps for integration and implementation of the plan within the Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework are needed.
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| 6. |
- Bankvall, Maria, et al.
(author)
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The oral microbiota of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
- 2014
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In: Journal of oral microbiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-2297. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Specific pathogenic bacteria have been implicated in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by ulcerations in the oral mucosa. However, the aetiology behind this condition still remains unclear.
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| 7. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2020 : Resursöversikt
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Totalt redovisas underlag och råd för 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Graeske, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Hooked By Avatars? Literature Studies in Upper Secondary School—A Simulation Study
- 2022
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In: International Education Studies. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1913-9020 .- 1913-9039. ; 15:3, s. 53-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several studies have shown that Swedish students’ reading comprehension and ability to understand fiction are decreasing year by year. Numerous alarming reports point to the unsustainable situation concerning young people’s reading engagement, but the ideas of how it can be remedied are few. This study aims to investigate and evaluate a didactic design that includes avatars as game elements in order to promote students’ reading of fiction. What opportunities and challenges might such a design present? In the study, an action research method and game theory were used, where teachers and researchers collaboratively explored and evaluated the outcome. The results showed that this design offered many opportunities and generated reading engagement. The students co-design their learning by creating an avatar and then entering the fictional world of a short story. Creating an avatar that interacts with the fictional text requires both participation, reading comprehension and meta analytic skills. However, the design also presented challenges, that some students did not link their avatars clearly to the text and instead did their own stories. The design could thus be further developed to provide more room for avatars to interact more with the chosen literary environment.
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| 10. |
- Graeske, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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VR-Technology in Teaching: Opportunities and Challenges
- 2021
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In: International Education Studies. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1913-9020 .- 1913-9039. ; 14:8, s. 76-83
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Use of virtual reality (VR) to teach in upper-secondary schools has become more common during recent years. This article discusses the implementation and testing of VR to teach Swedish in upper-secondary school, a pilot study carried out during the 2020/2021. The purpose of this study is to investigate how VR can be used to teach Swedish, what possibilities and challenges arise from using VR as a learning resource. The method used was inspired by action-based research, where teachers and researchers together, in a symmetrical and complementary approach, explore and evaluate an action. Central theoretical perspectives were TPACK-competences and design principles for gamified learning. The results indicate that students’ motivation increases by possibilities to co-create, co-design and customize their own learning, where the students solve problems and consider and reflect on their own learning. Both students and teachers point out didactical potentials and explain that VR technology offers many opportunities, but cannot exist on its own. It must function in accordance with the curriculum and regulatory documents of the educational institution.
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| 11. |
- Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
- 2021
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In: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
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| 12. |
- Jönsson, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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BCR-ABL1 transcript levels increase in peripheral blood but not in granulocytes after physical exercise in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 71:1, s. 7-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment response is determined by measurements of BCR-AB1L transcripts in peripheral blood by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and a 2-5 fold increase is considered a warning sign. The BCR-ABL1 gene is mainly expressed in myeloid cells whereas quantification of BCR-ABL1 is performed on the nucleated cell fraction of peripheral blood. Hence, leukocyte composition of the nucleated cell fraction may affect the result of BCR-ABL1 quantification. The aim of this study was to investigate if changes in leukocyte composition of peripheral blood had any effect on BCR-ABL1 transcript levels in CML patients. Six CML patients in complete cytogenetic remission (CCgR) performed a maximal physical exercise test. Blood samples were collected before exercise, at maximal exhaustion and after exercise. A biphasic increase in leukocyte count was observed and the relative proportion of granulocytes in peripheral blood changed significantly after exercise compared with baseline (p < 0.001). The BCR-ABL1 transcript level increased significantly following exercise, in nucleated cell fraction of peripheral blood (p < 0.05) but not in isolated granulocytes. In the nucleated cell fraction, the mean BCR-ABL1 transcript level was 3.3-fold (range 0.7-6.8) higher 180 min after exercise compared with baseline (p < 0.01). In conclusion, physical exercise induced significant increases in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels concomitant with changes in leukocyte content of peripheral blood. We therefore suggest that variations in leukocyte composition of peripheral blood, causing pre-analytic variations that affect BCR-ABL1 quantification, have to be accounted for. Consequently, small variations in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels should be interpreted cautiously in CML patients in CCgR.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(author)
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Indirect leadership : a quantitative test of a qualitatively developed model
- 2007
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In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - : Emerald. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 28:8, s. 771-784
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of a previously developed model of indirect leadership (qualitative Grounded Theory case study) in a broader military context.Design/methodology/approach – The model was operationalised to specific questionnaires for high-level managers, middle-level managers, and lower-level employees. Data were obtained from 147 Norwegian and 134 Swedish military officers, representing all three levels, and serving in the Army and Air Force respectively.Findings – The theoretical model of indirect leadership was partly supported. Higher importance was attributed to image-oriented top-down influence, rather than to action-oriented influence via directly subordinate commanders, which may be understood using developmental, transformational, and authentic leadership formulations. Meaningful patterns of subgroup differences were obtained.Research limitations/implications – Indirect leadership is complex and bottom-up influences were not taken into account, not all aspects of the top-down influence process were covered, only military contexts were studied, and no meaningful analysis of possible gender-related differences was possible in this male-dominated context.Practical implications – The obtained support of the theoretical model legitimises its use as a tool in higher military management education and coaching.Originality/value – The measurement tools of indirect leadership and the quantitatively based support of a Grounded Theory model with a how-focus on indirect leadership.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lindahl, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the possibility of using a thermostable mutant of β-glucosidase for rapid hydrolysis of quercetin glucosides in hot water
- 2010
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In: Green Chemistry. - : The Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 12:1, s. 159-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antioxidant quercetin was extracted from yellow onion waste and converted to its aglycone form by a combination of subcritical water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolytic step was catalysed by a double residue (N221S, P342L) mutant of the thermostable beta-glucosidase (TnBgl1A), isolated from the thermophile Thermotoga neapolitana and cloned and produced in E. coli. The activity of wt TnBgl1A was shown to be dependent on the position of the glucosylation on the quercetin backbone, favouring hydrolysis of quercetin-4'-glucoside over quercetin-3-glucoside. The mutated variant of the enzyme harboured a mutation in the +2 sub-site (N221S) and showed increased catalytic efficiency in quercetin-3-glucoside hydrolysis and also to a certain extent hydrolysis of quercetin-4'-glucoside. The mutated enzyme was used directly in yellow onion extracts, prepared by subcritical water extraction, resulting in complete hydrolysis of the glucosylated flavonoids quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside, quercetin-4'-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, isorhamnetin-4'-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3,4'-diglucoside. To complete hydrolysis within five minutes, 3 mg of TnBgl1A_N221S was used per gramme of onion (dry weight). A life cycle assessment was done to compare the environmental impact of the new method with a conventional solid-liquid extraction-and-hydrolysis method utilising aqueous methanol and hydrochloric acid. Comparison of the methods showed that the new method is preferable regarding primary energy consumption and global warming potential. Another advantage of this method is that handling of toxic chemicals (methanol and HCl) is avoided. This shows that combined subcritical water extraction/enzyme hydrolysis is both a fast and sustainable method to obtain quercetin from onion waste.
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| 17. |
- Markelius, Alva, et al.
(author)
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Differential Outcomes Training of Visuospatial Memory: A Gamified Approach Using a Socially Assistive Robot
- 2024
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In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ROBOTICS. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; 16:2, s. 363-384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study represents the first stage of evaluating whether cognitive training interventions may be facilitated by the presence of a socially assistive robot (SAR) and gamification. Our experimental setup involves using a SAR providing feedback to a gamified visuospatial working memory task, administered according to a differential outcomes training (DOT) protocol. The study's main objective was to investigate whether performance and attitude towards the task would be affected by different robotic setups (none, simulated or physical) and in relation to different challenge levels. We measured performance accuracy on the gamified visuospatial memory task and self-reported affective ratings, which are relevant for assessing attitude towards the task and providing indicators to the potential for using a SAR for a longer-term cognitive intervention. Additionally, we conducted exploratory analyses of eye movement strategies for memory encoding during the task. The results demonstrated a significant differential outcomes effect (DOE) on memory performance accuracy, regardless of Robot type and Challenge level, providing evidence that a DOE can still be obtained when a SAR interacts with participants. Moreover, the results from the affective ratings revealed that participants accompanied by the physical robot reported lower levels of stress and increased levels of control. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, a DOE using a SAR in a gamified context. This result, coupled with positive subjective reporting of the human-robot interactive experience of participants, demonstrates the potential for using a SAR to: (i) promote positive attitudes for a DOT-based cognitive intervention, without (ii) negatively affecting task performance.
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| 18. |
- Mattsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Developmental exposure to a mixture of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) affects the thyroid hormone system and the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken
- 2019
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and eggs and nestlings of raptors and fish-eating birds often contain high levels of PFAAs. We studied developmental effects of a mixture of ten PFAAs by exposing chicken embryos to 0.5 or 3 μg/g egg of each compound in the mixture. Histological changes of the thyroid gland were noted at both doses and increased expression of mRNA coding for type III deiodinase was found at 0.5 μg/g egg. Serum concentrations of the free fraction of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were reduced by the PFAA mixture at 3 µg/g egg, which is in line with a decreased synthesis and increased turnover of thyroid hormones as indicated by our histological findings and the decreased mRNA expression of type III deiodinase. The relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius increased at a dose of 3 μg/g egg in females. The bursa is the site of B-cell development in birds and is crucial for the avian adaptive immune system. Analysis of plasma and liver concentrations of the mixture components showed differences depending on chain length and functional group. Our results highlight the vulnerability of the thyroid hormone and immune systems to PFAAs.
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| 19. |
- Nilsson, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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A civil contigencies agency management system for disaster aid : A theoretical model
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Organizational Analysis. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1934-8835 .- 1758-8561. ; 18:4, s. 412-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper theoretical understanding of a civil contingencies agency that, as part of its ordinary task, executes humanitarian aid and rescue operations following disasters in an international milieu, from a management perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The approach takes is a qualitative interview study using a grounded theory approach to analysis. Findings: A theoretical model was developed consisting of a hierarchical system of codes, categories, and superior categories. One superior category labelled underlying conditions consists of factors influencing the operative organisation abroad, such as political rule, availability of financiers, and the everyday activities of the organisation. Another superior category labelled the operation contains the dimension of time (before, during, and after the operation). Two core variables underlying rationale and resource structure of the operation were identified, whereby underlying rationale may be efficiency- and humanity-related, whilst the resource structure of the operation consists of person-related qualities and physical, administrative, and material-logistic related qualities. A cross-tabulation of these two core variables is the most developed part of the model. Research limitations/implications: In terms of providing evidence, the theoretical model has limited value, as it has been developed through a qualitative grounded theory approach. Thus, there is a need to test its universal applicability. Practical implications: The findings may serve as a starting point for a better understanding of civil contingencies agencies from a management perspective and as such provide a theoretical instrument of analysis for improved humanitarian aid and rescue operations. Originality/value: The theoretical model of a civil contingencies agency management system for disaster aid executing humanitarian aid and rescue operations within the frames of supranational or international organisations in an international milieu is new and can be regarded as a context-specific contribution to complex system theory of organisations.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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A Civil Contingencies Agency Management System for Disaster Aid : Qualitative Validation of an Empirically Grounded Model
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Organizational Analysis. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1934-8835 .- 1758-8561. ; 21:2, s. 154-175
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of this article is twofold: (1) validation of a theoretical model of a civil contingencies agency management system, and (2) methodological development by employing qualitative means for analysis.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical model to be validated serves as a starting point for a qualitative reanalysis of logic-deductive character, aimed at verification of the pre-existing theory that is already discovered and developed. Data from three previously published case studies was used as a frame of reference.Findings – The theoretical model of a civil contingencies management system for disaster aid is validated in most respects. The qualitative testing for high trustworthiness proved reasonable with regard to selected reference studies. Research limitations/implications – Qualitative testing techniques will not attain equally large-scale samples as quantitative methods. The process of model validation provides an alternative to more traditional quantitative approaches.Practical implications - The model validation contributes to evidence-based knowledge concerning critical factors for success when managing large and complex aid and rescue operations.Social implications – The findings of this article might improve disaster management during international humanitarian aid- and rescue operations and thus better the quality of life of individuals that are affected by disastrous events.Originality/value – The theoretical model of a civil contingencies agency management system for disaster aid was mostly confirmed and partly modified when being compared to empirical data and models from three previous case studies. Also, the qualitative approach to validating the theoretical model is, to the best knowledge of the authors, new.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Moral Stress in International Humanitarian Aid and Rescue Operations : A Grounded Theory Study
- 2011
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In: Ethics and behavior. - : Routledge. - 1050-8422 .- 1532-7019. ; 21:1, s. 49-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Humanitarian aid professionals frequently encounter situations in which one is conscious of themorally appropriate action but cannot take it because of institutional obstacles. Dilemmas like this are likely to result in a specific kind of stress reaction at the individual level, labeled as moral stress.In our study, 16 individuals working with international humanitarian aid and rescue operations participatedin semistructured interviews, analyzed in accordance with a grounded theory approach. Atheoretical model of ethical decision making from a moral stress perspective was developed. Thepractical implications of the study are discussed.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Nilsson, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Moralisk stress vid internationella militära insatser : En enkätstudie
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Militär etik innefattar ett dualistiskt dilemma då officerare och soldater förväntas respektera mänsklig värdighet och rättfärdiga dödande på en och samma gång.Syftet med rapporten var att kartlägga förekomsten av moraliska dilemman vid internationella militära insatser, hur de hanteras och hur de påverkar den enskilde individen. Data bearbetades med faktoranalys. Samband mellan dessa faktorer beräknades och jämförelser mellan olika undergrupper av respondenterna utfördes.Sju typer av moraliska dilemman, fyra hanteringsstrategier och tre olika typer av påverkan på individen identifierades. Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett svagt samband mellan typ av moraliskt dilemma och hanteringsstrategi. Likaså finns det bara ett svagt samband mellan hantering av moraliska dilemman och negativ påverkan på individen. Det finns dock ett starkt samband mellan hanteringsstrategin ”Följer egen moral även vid risk att bli bestraffad/avskedad” och positiv påverkan på individen. Resultaten visar också på ett starkt samband mellan moraliska dilemman och negativ påverkan på individen. Undergruppsskillnader har främst identifierats på basis av kön och ålder/grad.Kombinationen av en tidigare intervjustudie och denna enkätstudie har bidragit till framtagandet av ett separat utbildningsmaterial som riktar sig till officerare.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Pin, Elisa, et al.
(author)
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Array-based profiling of proteins and autoantibody repertoires in CSF
- 2019
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In: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Proteomics. - New York, NY : Humana Press Inc.. ; , s. 303-318
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Protein profiling enabled through affinity proteomics represents a powerful strategy for analysis of complex samples such as human body fluids. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the proximal fluid of the central nervous system and is commonly analyzed in the context of neurological diseases. Through the presence of brain-derived proteins, this fluid can offer insight into the physiological state of the brain. Here, we describe multiplex and flexible protein and autoantibody profiling approaches using suspension bead arrays. Through minimal sample processing, these methods enable high-throughput analysis of hundreds of samples and proteins in one single assay and thereby provide powerful approaches for discovery of disease-associated proteins and autoantigens.
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| 38. |
- Richards, Mark, et al.
(author)
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Claudin5 protects the peripheral endothelial barrier in an organ and vessel-type-specific manner
- 2022
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dysfunctional and leaky blood vessels resulting from disruption of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier accompanies numerous diseases. The EC barrier is established through endothelial cell tight and adherens junctions. However, the expression pattern and precise contribution of different junctional proteins to the EC barrier is poorly understood. Here, we focus on organs with continuous endothelium to identify structural and functional in vivo characteristics of the EC barrier. Assembly of multiple single-cell RNAseq datasets into a single integrated database revealed the variability and commonalities of EC barrier patterning. Across tissues, Claudin5 exhibited diminishing expression along the arteriovenous axis, correlating with EC barrier integrity. Functional analysis identified tissue-specific differences in leakage properties and response to the leakage agonist histamine. Loss of Claudin5 enhanced histamine-induced leakage in an organotypic and vessel type-specific manner in an inducible, EC-specific, knock-out mouse. Mechanistically, Claudin5 loss left junction ultrastructure unaffected but altered its composition, with concomitant loss of zonula occludens-1 and upregulation of VE-Cadherin expression. These findings uncover the organ-specific organisation of the EC barrier and distinct importance of Claudin5 in different vascular beds, providing insights to modify EC barrier stability in a targeted, organ-specific manner.
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| 39. |
- Rudberg, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(author)
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SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Sweden.
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SARS-CoV-2 may pose an occupational health risk to healthcare workers. Here, we report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, self-reported symptoms and occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers at a large acute care hospital in Sweden. The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 19.1% among the 2149 healthcare workers recruited between April 14th and May 8th 2020, which was higher than the reported regional seroprevalence during the same time period. Symptoms associated with seroprevalence were anosmia (odds ratio (OR) 28.4, 95% CI 20.6-39.5) and ageusia (OR 19.2, 95% CI 14.3-26.1). Seroprevalence was also associated with patient contact (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.5) and covid-19 patient contact (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.2-5.3). These findings imply an occupational risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Continued measures are warranted to assure healthcare workers safety and reduce transmission from healthcare workers to patients and to the community.
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| 40. |
- Sjöberg, Fei, et al.
(author)
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Low-complexity microbiota in the duodenum of children with newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis
- 2017
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis. To date, the large bowel microbiota has been in focus. However, the microbiota of the small intestine may also be of importance, as the small bowel is a site for the induction and control of mucosal immune responses, which can be modulated by constituents of the local microbiota. Duodenal fluids were collected during diagnostic work-up of treatment-naive children who were suspected of having IBD. The duodenal fluids were analyzed by pyrosequencing (average of 32,000 reads/sample, read length of 500 nucleotides). After diagnosis, the duodenal microbiota of subjects with ulcerative colitis (N = 8) or Crohn's disease (N = 5), and non-IBD controls (N = 8) were compared. Pyrosequencing revealed that the duodenal microbiota of children with ulcerative colitis contained fewer Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per individual than the duodenal microbiota of the controls (P = 0.005). This reduction in richness of the duodenal microbiota was seen for three major phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Several bacterial genera were detected less frequently in the children with ulcerative colitis than in the non-IBD controls, including Collinsella (P = 0.001), Lactobacillus (P = 0.007), and Bacillus (P = 0.007), as well as a non-identified member of the order Sphingobacteriales (P = 0.007). In this pilot study, we show that the duodenal microbiota of children with ulcerative colitis exhibits reduced overall richness, despite the fact that the inflammation is primarily localized to the colon. These results should be corroborated in a larger study.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Sjöberg, Sofia, 1975-
(author)
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The utility gain of leaving professional judgment outside of prediction : Clinical versus mechanical interpretation of GMA and personality
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study was to analyze and illustrate the margin utility of using clinical versus mechanical data combination for personnel selection purposes using measures of personality and general mental ability as predictors of job performance.Design/methodology/approach – By utilizing meta-analytic estimates for personality and general mental ability to predict job performance, and for clinical versus mechanical data combination predicting work criteria, utility analysis was applied to estimate the margin utility between data combination approach for different selection scenarios.Findings – The findings indicate that in a selection context, the difference in financial outcome is likely to be extensive between the two data combination methods. The gain in utility of combining data mechanically corresponds to an amount likely to represent the difference between failure and success for many organizations.Implications – This comparison provide professionals with the opportunity to gain insight into the difference in financial outcome of applying data combination method and by that increase the likelihood of acceptance and use of the mechanical approach. It also provides the reader with an example of how to utilize estimates provided by research, how to apply them for data combination purposes, and how to estimate the margin utility in their own selection practice.Originality/value – This is the first study to illustrate the superiority of mechanical data combination compared to clinical for job performance and selection purposes in financial terms.
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| 43. |
- Sjöberg, Sofia, 1975-
(author)
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Utilizing research in the practice of personnel selection : General mental ability, personality, and job performance
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Identifying and hiring the highest performers is essential for organizations to remain competitive. Research has provided effective guidelines for this but important aspects of these evidence-based processes have yet to gain acceptance among practitioners. The general aim of this thesis was to help narrowing the gap between research and practice concerning personnel selection decisions. The first study compared the validity estimates of general mental ability (GMA) and the five factor model of personality traits as predictors of job performance, finding that, when the recently developed indirect correction for range restriction was applied, GMA was an even stronger predictor of job performance than previously found, while the predictive validity of the personality traits remained at similar levels. The approach used for data collection and combination is crucial to forming an overall assessment of applicants for selection decisions and has a great impact on the validity of the decision. The second study compared the financial outcomes of applying a mechanical or clinical approach to combining predictor scores. The results showed that the mechanical approach can result in a substantial increase in overall utility. The third study examined the potential influences that practitioners’ cognitive decision-making style, accountability for the assessment process, and responsibility for the selection decision had on their hiring approach preferences. The results showed that practitioners scoring high on intuitive decision-making style preferred a clinical hiring approach, while the contextual aspects did not impact practitioners’ preferences. While more research may be needed on practitioner preferences for a particular approach, the overall results of this thesis support and strengthen the predictive validity of GMA and personality traits, and indicate that the mechanical approach to data combination provides increased utility for organizations.
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| 44. |
- Stepien, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Prediagnostic alterations in circulating bile acid profiles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 150:8, s. 1255-1268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bile acids (BAs) play different roles in cancer development. Some are carcinogenic and BA signaling is also involved in various metabolic, inflammatory and immune-related processes. The liver is the primary site of BA synthesis. Liver dysfunction and microbiome compositional changes, such as during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, may modulate BA metabolism increasing concentration of carcinogenic BAs. Observations from prospective cohorts are sparse. We conducted a study (233 HCC case-control pairs) nested within a large observational prospective cohort with blood samples taken at recruitment when healthy with follow-up over time for later cancer development. A targeted metabolomics method was used to quantify 17 BAs (primary/secondary/tertiary; conjugated/unconjugated) in prediagnostic plasma. Odd ratios (OR) for HCC risk associations were calculated by multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Positive HCC risk associations were observed for the molar sum of all BAs (ORdoubling = 2.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.76-3.00), and choline- and taurine-conjugated BAs. Relative concentrations of BAs showed positive HCC risk associations for glycoholic acid and most taurine-conjugated BAs. We observe an association between increased HCC risk and higher levels of major circulating BAs, from several years prior to tumor diagnosis and after multivariable adjustment for confounders and liver functionality. Increase in BA concentration is accompanied by a shift in BA profile toward higher proportions of taurine-conjugated BAs, indicating early alterations of BA metabolism with HCC development. Future studies are needed to assess BA profiles for improved stratification of patients at high HCC risk and to determine whether supplementation with certain BAs may ameliorate liver dysfunction.
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| 45. |
- Wijkmark, Sofia, 1974-
(author)
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Hemsökelser : Gotiken i sex berättelser av Selma Lagerlöf
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The topic of this thesis is the gothic fiction of Selma Lagerlöf. Its primary purpose is to investigate how Lagerlöf's work can be understood in relation to the gothic genre; what particular themes, motifs and formal aspects appear when making this connection and how they can be interpreted, as well as which literary and cultural contexts become relevant. The study is based on close readings of six short stories that, in comparison, appear to be some of the most gloomy and horrific in her production: "Karln. En julsägen" (1891), "De fågelfrie", "Stenkumlet", "Riddardottern och havsmannen" (1892), "Spökhanden" (1898) and "Frid på jorden" (1917). The gothic was an important feature of the literature of the last decade of the nineteenth century, when Lagerlöf made her debut. Therefore one of the main purposes of this study is to highlight her as one of the key writers of gothic fiction in Sweden by the time. In this context the gothic might be considered as closely related to the currents of decadence and fin-de-siècle. However, the gothic continued to be an important element throughout Lagerlöf's production, and this is illustrated by the inclusion of a story from a later period among the primary sources. The gothic genre can be defined by certain themes and motifs, but also by its narrative strategies. The analyses of the six stories show how themes and composition are used to create an atmosphere of fear and darkness, but also, more importantly, to create a sense of ambiguity. The study also discusses the relationship between the gothic and the fantastic and special attention is paid to aspects such as the hesitation concerning how to interpret the supernatural, as well as the fragmentary bodies and psyches of the stories. The main themes of the six stories can be summarized as dealing with the haunting and return of the past, as well as the fear associated with the transgression of limits - between fantasy and reality, the civilized and the primitive, life and death and self and other. Central to the argument in this study is das Unheimliche - the uncanny - a concept that links a certain kind of fear to uncertainty, doubles, ghostliness and haunting. Sigmund Freud has described it as a paradox, as something terrifyingly strange and yet familiar at the same time. The gothic reproduces the experience of reality expressed by this concept - a sense that the self is the source of horror and that identity is something highly unstable.
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